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6 NEW YORK HERALD. JAMHS GORDON BENNETT, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFtox §, W. GORNER OF NASSAU AND FULTON 878. SRRMS, carr in advance, Money sont by mail wil? be at the Wa tavender. Poduge wanps wor recived a6 subscripiion Tilt DANA HERALD. too cents $1 per annum, THE WEERLY HF RALD ‘at wiz conte ory, oF $3 por annum; the bry We 1" wake cons er copy. Pape of Great Bri “Continents bon bo tnctude the Sabgorsin prt te "Sh of eash month at six cents 1 oe annua PER Uairy HBRALD on Wednesday, at four conte per mony, of 8 Rey WORRESPONDENCE, containing tmportant gt YT a 2 FORRIGN CORKESrONDEATS ARR /SOTED TO SEAL Att Larrens ano Pacu< apes SExt U8. vo Fae te anonymous correspondence. We donot peturn Pet bande Moen ADVERTISEMENTS renewed every |; advertisements én- ported un Se eae Hewato, Pamir » and da the Qaitfornia ropean Kilitions. JOB PRINTING executes swith neatness, cheapness and de per ‘Satu Volume XXV.. sreeee MO. 83 AMUSEMENTS THIS KYENING, NIBLO’S GARDEN, Brosdway.—Cooxe’s Roran Aurai- Wmmates. BOWERY THEATRE. Bowery.—Zaz Ocronooy, on Live ‘wr Loumuns. WINTER GARDEN, Broadway, Bond sireet.— way, opposite ‘3 THEATRE, Broadway.—Romaxce OF 4 Max. WALLAOK' Poor Youre LAURA KEENE'S THEATRE, 6% Broadway. Daan JES NEW BOWERY THEATRE, Bowery.—Tux Ocroroon— ‘ixacvizs, Kina or Civas. BROADWAY BOUDOIR, 414 Broadway.—Ocr Sat— Lar oF Lrons~Actanss or Aut Woxn. THEATRE FRANCAIS, 665 Broadway.—Les Jecxes Gaxs—Le Tigka DU Baroscs. BARNUM'® AMERICAN MUSEUM, Broadway.—After- oon add Evoulug—Ticut Korg Ascension—Rev Raycrn. BRYANTS’ MINSTRELS, Mechanica’ Hail, |, 41&Broadway— Bvaresques, Bones, Dances, &0.—Jomnny GovLer, NIBLO'S SALOON, Brosdway—Geo. Canistr’s Braew in Sonos, Daxoes, Bueissquas, 4¢—Ine Mocro- BOON, CLINTON HALL.—Ma. Bun OLv Worn. PLYMOUTH CHURCH, Brook! TURE OM THE GRERaT Mutiny 4 inp. LIBRARY WALL, Newark—Dzarron’s Parton Orenas— TRIPLE SHEET. New York, Tuesday, January 24, 1560. DpONS’ LECTURE OX TRAVEL 1x . Sorpven's Lac- OY REBELLION 1X MAILS FOR EUROPE. The New York Herald—Edition for Europe. ‘The Cunard mail steamship Europa, Capt. Leitch, will Jeave Boston on Wedne: for Liverpool. Tho European mails 1 fclose in this city this af- tornoon, at half-past one o'clock, to go by railroad, and at | Pree o'clock, to go by steamboat. | ‘The Evrorgan Epinioy or tar Heratn witl bo published fat ten o'clock in tho morning. Single copies in wrappers pix cents. Subscriptions and advortisements for any edition of the ‘New Yorx Herate wit! be received at the following places 1a Europo:— Lowros,. ..Sampson Low, Son & Co., 47 Ludgate Hill. Lansing, Starr & Co., 74 King William street. & piace do la Bourse. .. No. R. Stuart, 10 Exchange street, Kast. .. Lansing, Baldwin & Co., 21 rue Cornelite. Huumoxc |. De Chapeauronge & Co, i ‘The contents of tho Evrorean Epitron or tue HrRALp ‘will combine the nows received by mail and telegraph at | the office during the previous week and up to the hour of peblioation, me The News. Both houses of Congress were crowded yester. day with spectators. In the Senate Mr. Douglas delivered a speech upon his resolution providing for the suppression of conspiracies and invasions of States and Territories. We give a full report of his remarks. In the House Mr. Corwin discussed the political questions of the day at considerable length: ‘There was no ballot for Speaker. The Legislatuye met last evening, and both houses went into Committee of the Whole and pre- pared for a third reading of a number of bills, most of them, however, of no general importance. The bill regulating the Hellgate pilots passed the Renate. The Assembly passed to a third reading a bill authorizing the trastees ef Columbia College to purchase and sell certain real estate. a The main features of the European news by the Africa had been anticipated by our telegraphic re- port from St. Johns, N. F., published on Saturday morning, after the arrival of the Circassian from Galway at that port. Our files hy the Africa, dated in London and Paris on the 6th instant, contain, | however, some very interesting extracts relative to the great religious crisis in Europe, the Congress, and our own great “ conflict,” all which are pub- lished in the Herp this morning. Ry the overland mail we have advices from San Francisco to the 2d inst. The Vanderbilt steamey Champion, trom New York, arrived out on the Ist inst., and was to leave onthe Sth for Panama, in company with the Golden Age. An interesting trial of speed between these rival steamers wa’ looked for. Business continued very dull. The an_ nual statistical reports of the commerce of Califor- pia had been published. They show a steady in crease in all the departments of trade. We have files and letters from Sonth America dated at Buenos Ayres the 26th of November and Rio Janiero the 8th of December. Buenos Ayres was anout to re-enter the Confederation. Delegates to the Constitutional Convention, empowered to vote formally on the subject, would be elected on the Bist of December. England was determined to make a new difficulty with Paraguay relative to the imprisonment of a man claimed as an En, Ject, whose case we have already reported. ¥. Flores, the exile of Montevideo in 1807, command of the frontier troops of Buenos Trade had revived vastly in the province. T were about three hundred thousand sacks of coffee on hand in Rio, and the prospect was that the crop tocome m would be the largest ever known in Brazil. Prices were expected to fall very soon. The steamers Champion, from New York, and Bio Bio, from Boston, were in port at Advices from Turks Islands of the 71 report:—The weather has been unfayor the past week for shipping salt; cons las been done. 74 to S cents hay prices in our market for some t quantity on hand is from two to t thousand bushela. In the Boaed of Aldermen yesterday were presented in fayor of paving streets with Belgian pavement:—Cauel Centre to West Broadway; Third avenue from Bowery to Forty-second street; East Broadway Chatham square to Grand street; Bleect, from Broadway to Righth avenue—ail of wi were referred to the Committee on Streets. Ap tition for the appointment of an Inspector of Milk and Milk Cans was presented and referred, and the Board adjourned till Thursday. The Board of Supervisors met yesterday, but transacted uo business of general interest. The Board of Councilmen were iu session last evening, but transacted no important business. The City Inspector submitted his annual report of the births and deaths that occurred during the year 1859. A resolution was adbpted instructing the Comptroller to report the gross receipts in the Sinking fund and other particulars relative to the twatter. According to the City Inspector's report, there Were 616 deaths in thts pity during the past week, @a incrense of ld as compared wih the week pre- be Mu | | condition does the country stand to-day? ‘| not the impending crisis of greater moment | now than it was twenty-eight years ago? Then | NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, JANUARY 24, 1860—TRIPLE. SHEET. vious, and 106 more than happened during the cor- responding week of last year, Scarlet fever, croup end inflammetory complaints continue to sweep away @ large number of children, The deaths from these diseases more than make up the iu- creased mortality as compared with last year. The report classifies the diseases as follews:— Bones, joints, &c., 4; brain and nerves, 97; genera: tive organs, 10; heart and blood veesels, 20; lungs, throat, &c., 179; old age, 6; skin, &c., and eruptive fevers, 87; stillborn and premature birth, 5; stomach, bowels and other digestive organs, 63; uncertain seat and general fevers, 38; urinary or gans, 2, and 10 from violent causes. The nativity table gives 387 natives of the United States, 76 of Ireland, 35 of Germany, 7 of England, and the balance of various foreign countries. The members of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, held a meeting last evening, at which the discus- sion upon the proposition respecting contributions to the Board of Foreign Mirsions was resumed. Henry Ward Beecher delivered his views on the subject. We give a full report in another column: The trial of Samuel Hollyer, upon a charge of committing a rape upon @& young girl named An- drews, at Fort Lee, last summer, was commenced yesterday in the Hudson county (New Jersey) ourt. A report of the cagé may be found in another part of to-day’s paper. The annexed table shows the temperature of the atmosphere in this city daring the week ending January 21, the range of the barometer and ther- mometer, the variation of wind currents and the state of the weather, at three periods daring each day, viz: at 9 A. M., and 3 and 9 o'clock P. M.:— 94M. | OP. M. SP. M. . B, |130.22/28)N. B. 190.22/32|N. B. +B. 1307 34'S.” W. 180.07 35,8, W. ‘W |80.19/43)8. W' {30.09 88) 'N. . H. 139.99) 59] N, [30 20132)N W. + W. $0.28) 5) WE |90 281821 W . W. 80.27/32|N. W. (30 39120). W. W./80 99/4018, W,|30.2436)8. W. 3. W.(20.26]49)W. "30.241 4015. W. REMARKS. | Saturday—Overcast; afternoon overcast; wilh sleot and rain during evening, . | nday—Cloudy; afternoon clear and pleasant; night clear and pleasant, jonday—~Clear all day; night clear. | Tucsday—Overeast all day; night clear, Wednesiay—Clear; afternoon clear; night overcast. Thursday —Overcast; afternoon clear; night clear. Friday—Clear; afternoon clear; night clear. Saturday—Clear; afternoon clear; night clear. ‘The cotton market yesterday was somewhat less active, while prices were steady; the gales embraced about 900 bales, closing on the basis of quotations given in another column, ‘The flour market was heavy and inactive, while some kinds of State and Western were lower; Canadian and Southern were also less buoyant, with moderate trans- actions, Wheat was casier, and prices irregular; the sales were light, including Canadian white at $1 40, and a smal! lot choice Kentucky sold at $1 60. Corn was steady, and the demand fair. York was firmer, with sales of mess at $16 50 4 $16 62; for old, and at $17 25 a $17 50 for new; old prime at $11 70a $11 75, and now at $13 26a @is 50, and uninspected at $18. Sugars were in fair de- mand, with sales of 1,000 bhdg, Cuba muscovado, chiefly refining goods, at 7c.a 7'-c. Freights were steady, with a fair umount of engagements. The Charleston Convention—Who is the Mant | The Democratic National Convention, form- | ed according to the usages of the party, will meet at Charleston on the 3d of April next, for the purpose of nominating candidates for the Presidency and Vice Presidency, to be \ supported at the general election in November. | In view of this important political event, the | schemers and engineers and wirepullers of all | the various cliques of the party are busily at } work laying their plans for the accomplishment | of the grand result—namely, the nomination of | the particular candidate in whose cause they | are enlisted. The action of the democratic members of Congress, the debates in the State | Legislatures, the popular meetings throughout } the country, are allso many preliminary feel- | ers for the grand event at Charleston, | That event, initself, has at this moment more | than its ordinary deep significance. The pre- | Uminary skirmishes before a Presidential cam- | paign, in which over four and a half millions of } voters will come to the polls to elect a consti- | tutional ruler over a great nation, are always exceedingly interesting, but just at the present { juncture they become of, vital importance. And the plain fact of the case is that ' the coming Presidential election is, from a variety of causes, the most important which has taken place since that of 1852, when General Jackson was re-elected after a contest unpre- cedented for its violence and malignity in the | annals of partisan warfare. That contest we | remember very well. General Jackson was obliged to combat not only against the very powerful opposition of the supporters of a cer- tain moneyed institution known as the United States Bank, but he met with treachery and de- ceit at the hands of his own political friends. But he secured support far more valuable than that of mere partisans. The country was on the verge of a great commercial crisis, The traders and conservative classes of the Middle and Southern States, who were opposed to the creation of a vast moneyed corporation, insist- ed upon the renomination of General Jackson, because he was the only man, in their opinion, who had the nerve and the ability to pilot the ship of State out of the breakers and brokers among which she had been driven. The tri- umphant election of General Jackson, the vin- dication of all his measures by the country: and the lustre which yet surrounds his name, are matters so familiar as to require only a mere mention at our hands. The point is, that if General Jackson in 1832 had relied on his partisan vote he might have been defeated. He went directly to the country; he had the con- fidence of the holders of the reserved vote— the people, after all, who, above all the politi- cians, govern the republic~—and they placed him in the White House a second time. So much for 1832, Now for 1860. Jn what Is it was a question of money and trade: now it involves the actual existence of the nation. a | The conflict predicted by Mr. Seward in his | bloody and brutal Rochester manifesto has commenced. On one side we see a sectional party actively engaged in fomenting the worst passions in the breasts of citizens of different portions of the Union. The black republicans have forced the South to declare with an al- most unanimous voice that ia the event of the election of an agitator like Seward they will secede from the Union. And their grounds for this decision ure, that for the past few years the republican party has circulated and en- dorsed documents of an incendiary character, speeches and books which advocate interfe- yexee in the institutions of the South, i Staies where they exist by law. and une tional governments. It is a fair logicai de n that, in this view of the mtter, it is not h, but the North, whieh r e 8a And (lis makes dhe present a th qed compact. crisis much more vital than that of 1832, That the conservative voters of the great Central States kuow exactly how the matter stands, cunnot be doubted, Politicians can calculate only the partisan vote; they work in nar- row circles, and sometimes, through ignorance, ignore the floating vote altogether. They as- certain something about it, however, after elec tion, The attention of these voters is now ear- nestly directed towards the Charleston Conven- tion, The threatened withdrawal of Southern trade, and the angry, embittered feeling which prevails in that section, hag not been without its effect upon Northern merchants, traders, manufacturers and mechanics, who are consi- dering the best method of putting down the dangerous and absurd agitation gotten up by the black republican theories, and kindled to a blaze by the practical exemplification of those doctrines afforded by the John Brown raid into Virginia. It is, then, earnestly’and anxiously inquired——Who do you intend to nominate at Charleston? Who is to be the Jackson to bring the country out of its present atrait? Letus go over the Charleston list. We will begin with the Old Dominion, which claims pre- cedence as the Mother of Presidents, Virginia presents Senator Hunter and Governor Wise— both able and distinguished men, but it does not appear that either of them can command the votes of their own State. Georgia puts forward Cobb, Stephens and Toombs; Tennessee, Andrew Jobn- son; Lowisiana, John Slidell; Mississippi, Jefferson Davis and several others; from Ken- tucky we hear the names of Guthrie and Breck- inridge; Illinois ang the West bring forward Senator Douglas, whose -nomination is vehe- mently urged by many partiean presses in the North and West. But Mr. Douglas’ course dur- ing the past two years hag so far alienated Southern support from him as to make him unavailable in the present position of affairs. In New York we have a plentiful crop of cadidates, such as Dickinson, who will never refuse another nomination; Horatio Sey- mour, Fernando Wood and General Wool. Going over all this list carefully, and acknowledging willingly the undeniable capa- bility of the statesmen whose names are men- tioned in it, we are forced to the conclusion that no one of them can command the reserved vote of the Central States; and without that no party can win. The matter must be looked at from a common sense point of view. The can- didates, whoever they may be, of the party conventions at Chicago and Charleston will re- ceive the full vote of their respective parties, and so the whole question resolves itself into the securing of the reserve vote, which always goes on the safe side. If the Charleston can- didate can command the support of the conser- vative independent men of the North, his suc- cess is beyond peradventure. Such a man has not yet been named—euch a man the demo- cratic party has, however, in its ranks. We are aware that this man has persistently refused a re-election to the high office which he now fills so well, but we are persuaded that if it should appear that the services of Mr. Buchanan were absolutely required to preserve the republic from anarchy and civil war, he would accept the nomination for a second term, and sacrifice his private feelings to his du- ties as a patriot. If we examine the his- tory of General Jackson’s administration from 1528 to 1832, we shall see many points of similarity between his career and that of Mr. Buchanan. General Jackson was menaced by enemies from without and tyaitors within, The opposition to Lim was most violent, and the partisan atiacks almost unprecedented in their malignity. His own friends, disgusted because they could not rule him, and disappointed in the distribution of the spoils, intrigued against him. But the iron old man met them all— overthrew them all. He governed the country firmly and well; and when the election of 1832 came, even his enemies were forced by the popular voice to agree to his nomination, as the only one that was fit to be made, Look, now, at Mr Buchanan’s position, During his administration questions far more vexatious than those which were met by Jack- son have come up. His own party has given him little support. As in Jackson’s time, there have been quarrels over the spoils, rebellion in the camp, and widespread treason. Mr. Bu- chanan has been opposed by a well drilled and vigorous minority, working for the spoils over which the democracy has been dozing or quar- telling. Every question where the Executive had power to acthas been promptly setiled. As o statesman, Mr. Buchanan's record will compare favorably with that of any one of his predecessors. He stands well with the South, will bring out his whole party, and to a greater degree than any other will command the reserved vote. The plain duty ofthe Charleston Convention—in point of fact, the only way in which it can act to secure victory for the democracy—is to nomi- nate Mr. Buchanan. His election will do more to stop the present agitation, to calm the South, to read the black republicans a severe lesson, to preserve the institutions of the coun. try unimpaired, to promote peace, harmony, prosperity and fraternal feeling in and among all sections of the republic, than any other measure or series of measures that could possi- bly be adopted. Santtany Conprrton or Tus Crry—Rurorr or Tus Crry Iyspector,—We commend to the care- ful attention of our readers the admirable an. nual report for 1859 of City Inspector Delavan, which appears in another column. The duty of the Common Council with regard to the sanita- ry affairs of the metropolis is forcibly and clear- | ly impressed upon that body by Mr. Delavan, and the public can judge how far that duty will be performed. The reforms suggested in this report seem to cover all the evils under which the city now labors, as far as the City Inspec- tor’s Department, aided by the Common Council, ean reach them ; and the public should hold that body to a strict accountability if it refuses to pass such ordinances as may enable the City Inspector to correct the abuses which now ex- ist, and which daily expose this vast city to disease and pestilence. Crive iy THE MeTRo During the trial of Wm. Jones in the Oyer an@ Terminer yes- terday, for ihe murder of an unknown man ab the Five Points, the Grand Jury entered the court with seventeen bills of indictment for murders and manslaughters, In many of the cases the parties have not been yet arrested. There ave already for trial seven or eight other persons for murder, manslanghter or altempt tokill. Yet the good people of this metropolis n per year fora police force pay over 9 mill for their protect ‘mended. The Position of the Fight in Congreas— Desperate Condition of the Black Re- publicans. The conflict that is now going on in Congress is one of the most important that has ever come up between the great and growing inte- rests of the country. It involves far greater results than the old bank discussion, tariff de- bate, internal improvement theory, and the numberless conflicts between the different in- terests that have thrust themselves into the po- litical field; for it includes the very existence of bapks, commerce, manufactures, public works and everything else In its all embracing results. It is well, therefore, that we should take a view of the field and scan the position of the fight, Six weeks ago yesterday the representative men of all parties met in the halls of national council. During the time that had elapsed since the 3d of March last the brutal and bloody philosophy that Seward preached at Rochester had been developed in the incen- @ary counsels of Helper, and carried into practice by John Brown. The practi- cal operations at Harper’s Ferry roused the attention of the whole country to the incendiary and agratlan teachings which Helper had compiled, and which John Sherman and sixty-seven other black republican members of the Mast Congress had endorsed and recom- The examination of these led to the exhibition of their logical connection with Seward’s abolition platform laid down at Rochester. The course of the black republi- can party was evident. It is caught in the defile passing from the theoretical abolition of Seward to the practical incendiarism and civil war of Helper and Brown. The conservative feeling everywhere poured its battalions upon the heights that guarded either side, and for forty-two days the black republican party has stood at bay, fearing the advance towards the open plain of abolition, which will bring cer- fain destruction, or to retreat to its old posi- tion of theoretical Sewardism, where desertion and disintegration await it. During all this time the national forces have kept up a steady fire upon the party and its black banners, with marked advantage, both in the field and before the country at large. Men everywhere are becoming more conversant with the danger into which the abolitionized black republican leaders are striving to lead them, and the dogged silence they have maintained has in- spired the ultra abolitionists in their ranks with suspicion, and the misguided conservatives who had followed them with dismay. John Sher- man, the admitted leader, has, on several occa- sions, endeavored to beguile the national men into a fallacious capitulation. He insists that his personal honor is attacked, that he did not know what he was doing when he put his hand and seal to the Helper plan of campaign, and that he will disavow it personally under cer- tain conditions, and if the national men will let the republican party go on in their iniqui- tous schemes. This is most righteously re- fused to him, for it is nothing more thana snare; and the republicans who have so long stood at bay and in silence, now announce their intention of opening their batteries, So much the better. This will the more clearly define their position, and afford a clearer aim for the conservative men. When Mr, Sherman assumes that the resolu- tion of Mr. Clark, of Miesouri, is a personal im- peachment upon him, and demands its with- drawal before he will disavow or explain, he assumes too much importance to himself The resolution is an impeachment of the whole black republican party, that has put forward Mr. Sherman as the representative of its aboli- tion and incendiary principles. The country does not care a fig for the personal opinions of John Sherman; and in putting for- ward his claims that a salve shall be provided for his wounded feelings, he simply places him- self and his notions of honor in the first place before the vast interests of thirty millions of people, If Mr. Sherman really feels that he has committed a great wrong, lethim come for- ward in a manly and patriotic way, and ac- knowledge it and repent. But while the party which is pressing him as its leader still circu- lates and recommends the teachings of Helper as good black republican doctrine, and clings to the brutal and bloody philosophy of Seward, and its postulates by Theodore Parker, he per- sonally is nothing in the fight The vital inte- rests of the whole country are menaced by the course of the black republicans, and Mr. Sher- man can make no personal explanation which can exonerate the party, whose members still cling to and inculcate its odious principles, Through the constancy of the conservative and national men the fight is beginning to as- sume a new aspect. The black republicans are dismayed at the prospect which the waning support they have received from the popular voice now opens to them. They must speak, or stand till they are finally overwhelmed by the rising tide of conservative feel- ing. This change of tactics on their part will open anew the whole field of discus- | sion, and there they have little to hope for, It was only by working in secret, through corrupt political organizations, that they could hope to succeed. Error brings no danger while it is open and truth is free to combatit. Let the national men in Congress continue firm in their resistance, and seek honestly the means of that union among themselves which is so rapidly go- ing on among the masses of their constituents. As a party, the black republicans are far in the minority on the popular vote, and they never can regain the deceptive hold they once attain- ed of the conservative votes of the North. Rervsar or Awenican Passports to Per- soxs or Coror.—A great noise has been made in England by the refusal of the American Minister in London to visé a passport issued toa young woman of color by Mr. Cass, on the understanding that she was a white native of Massachusetts, and therefore a citizeness of the Unitéd States. A correspondence on the sub- ject will be found in another column. Mr. Cass, of course, did not see Sarah P. Remond, and the passport abe produced in London was evidently obtained under false pretences. She asserts in her letter to Mr. Dallas that she is a citizen of the United States, which is contrary to fact, the decision in the Dred Scott case having left no doubt upon that point. Men or women of color are not and cannot be citizens of the Uniied States. And certainly a person of color claiming to be a lady, and one with whom an English barvister deems it “an honor to be acquainted,” ought to be aware of a de- cision wfich created so much indignation among the republican party and thronghout alinegrodom. Miss Remond’s attempt, there- fore, to pass hereelé off at the United States Em. bassy in London as an American citizen is not very ladylike, and is only in keeping with the first deception by which Mr. Cass was induced to give her a passport. Nor was the rule at which the “lady” affects 80 much surprise first established by the pre- sent administration. Mr. Dallas states that he has been uniformly acting under instructions received in July, 1856, and, consequently, Mr. Marcy must have issued them when he was Seo- retary of State. A case in point occurred in November of the same year, as will be seen by Mr. Marcy’s letter, which we republish in con- nection with the recent case. Some negro min- strels—not painted in imitation of negroes, but genuine darkies—were proceeding to Europe, and Mr. Rice, of this city, applied at Wash- ington for passports for them. Mr. Marcy de- clined to give them, on the ground that per- sons of color could not be American citizens; but offered to give them a paper certitying that _they were born here and free, and were the per- sons they represented themselves to be. Such a certificate, of courte, would not have the vir- tue of a passport, nor be any protection to them on the Continent of Europe. By refe- rence to Mr. Marcy’s letter the reader will per- feive that so Jong ago as 1821 it was decided that free persons of color are not citizens of the United States. The latest decision is thatof the highest tribunal known to the law, the Su- preme Court of the United States, in the case of Dred Scott. This is final, and settles the ques- tion forever. The Coming Politic o-Religious Straggle in Europe. ; There are two questions now agitating the continents of Europe and America which are worthy of profound reflection. Here we have the dfsturbance and excitement arising out of the slavery question. In the Old World, the effete political power of the head of the Catho- lic Church is the engrossing theme. There is on both sides an irrepressible conflict going on between the principles of right and wrong, in which civilization is most intimately interested. Therefore, whether the eyes of mankind are turned to the one continent or to the other, there are facts presented to their view of the highest importance, which every reflecting man should consider. When the Emperor Napoleon, at the com- mencement ef the year 1859, was about to begin the great campaign which drove the Austrians from Italy, the views which he held at the time, and the plans which he in- tended to pursue, were plainly foreshadowed in a pamphlet which was issued shortly before. Subsequent events proved what was previously very generally believed—that the intentions of the Emperor had been very faithfully set forth in that pamphlet. The course of the Italian campaign was strictly in accordance with the prearranged plan; so that Napoleon might be said to have followed it up almost to the very letter. With the opening of the year 1860 we have another indication of the policy of the imperial mind. The Emperor has again pre- figured his views, in another pamphlet, which bears the undoubted stamp of his inspiration. His views on the religious part of the Italian question, which involves the temporal sove- reignty of the Pope of Rome, are plain and in- telligible. That the Emperor intends to stand by the principle of Italien union and liberty, of which he has been so prominent a defender, seems to be beyond all doubt. The Pope is, as a matter of course, dissatisfied that the Italian question should be thus resolved, and hence it is not surprising that he should oppose it as far as he isable. But his Holiness will be left in a feeble minority. Three-fourths of the Roman Catholics throughout the world are ad- verse to his temporal authority. They have seen how much the interests of the Church have been injured, and the cause of Apostolic Christianity retarded, by the irreconcilable dogma of concentrated political and religious domination; and, after many long years of thought and reflection, the most intelligent Ca- tholics have at length conceded that the two positions are diametrically opposed to each other. Thus, while the great congregation of Catholic Christians are divided in their opinions as to the right of the Pope to a temporal juris- diction, the large majority are in favor of his resigning that pretension, so that he might be- come, in word and deed, an overseer of the Church. The nfarch of civilization and the vast progress of liberal principles have had much te do with the trinmph of this great idea, Where, then, will his Holiness look for sup- porters? Where can he expect to find men who, in the face of public opinion, would be bold enough to defend the anomaly of the union of @ spiritual with a temporal sovereignty? There is but one place where these can be found, and thatis in the bosom of the Roman Church. The cardinals, bishops and priests who owe al- legiance to the Holy See—just in the same manner as our own consuls and plenipoten- tiaries represent the views of the government that hasa claim on their services, or as the missionaries scattered over the world by the Methodists and Baptists owe their allegiance to the synods of these churches—must of neces- sity re-echo the views of the head of the Church. Whatever the Pope wishes or thinks, they also wish and think. In Europe as well asin America the influence they exercise is immense, and they may create a large degree of sympathyin favor of the Pope. But the great majority of Catholics, as we said before, will be found arrayed on the opposite side. They wish to sce the Pope a spiritual, and nota temporal prince. The Protestant nations of the earth, who are always foes to bigotry and intolerance, in whateyerform they may appear, will never lend their sanction to any plan that can tend to perpetuate a state of things that has done so much evil. The Greek Church, which exercises no small influence over mil- lions of souls in Europe, will also be found in the ranks of the opposition, and under pressure of these concentrated forces the I’ must be compelled to give way. a Europe are in this way very nearly brought to a crisis of the deepest interest, not only to th Old World but to America, where th: so many thousands of intelligoat Catho: In the year 1817-8 the Pope showed himself to be a wise and liberal man: and wee ree. ly doubt that he will now overthrow the repu- tation which be then obtained for prudence and consistency. He cannot now mistake nor mis- understand his own position, and we are there- fore inclined to think (hat npon mature reflec- tion he will have the good sense of submitting to the opinion of the world by resigning a claim te ral power Which gan no longer be His Holiness, we think, will at ocelmte that itis safer and better to! 2 ten “ERR nema renee er eR NERS NR $n rule over the minda of over s hundred millions of men—if he can thus fulfl his important mis- sion—than to make a vain. Pretension—by step- ping out of his legitimate sphere—of command- ing a hundred thousand bayonets. - This is, ia- deed, the way in which the question isto be resolved. It seems now of little importance whether there be a European Congress or not. The plans of the Emperor of the French—which must meet with the approval of nearly all the governments of the civilized world—will, ac- cording to all appearances, be carried inte effect; and upon this platform, and this alone, can the nationalities of Europe besatisfied, and another eanguinary war be averted. Progress of the Revolution. The abolition republican journals continue te be filled with incendiary matter, for the purpose of inflaming the public mind of the North against the South, and bringing to a crisis the irrepres- sible conflict predicted by Seward, incited by Helper, and carried ito practical operation by John Brown. Foremost among these sheets ie the New York Zribune, from whose columas of yeaterday’s impression we reprint.a mens of the most combustible material, intended te set its fanatical readers in a blaze. First; there is an editorial in which it is shown that the Southera papers have black Mets and white lists of the mended. Then there is an origina) letter from a Petersburg correspondent, in which the ope- rations of vigilance committees are described, and the throwing into jail of persons having the Albany Evening Journal in their possession. In addition to these incentives to revolution, the Tribune of yesterday copies from other journals a batch of inflammatory paragraphs, some of them showing that Harper's Magazineand Week- ly are proscribed at the South, that several per- sons have been arrested for circulating Helper's book, that the question of commercial non- intercourse with the North is to be presented toaSouthern Conference so as to make the policy universal at the, South, that another mechanic has been driven from North Carolina as an incendiary, and that in South Caroliag an incendiary has been hanged by the Vigi- lance Committee. We must accept all this as true, alarmiag and terrible as it is. It is revolution actually begun, and it is the resul#wf twenty-five years of anti-slavery agitation, which now reaches its climax and is about to nominate’ a Presi- dent. First, it severed the religious ties, them the social; and now the commercial ties are being snapped one by one. It only remains to break the political connection, and the revolu- tion is complete—the Union isdissolved. It is to sever this last link of the chain which binds the North to the South that the republican presses are laboring with all their might. Every day they are adding fuel to the revolutionary flame, especially the lead- ing abolition journal of this city, which is piling faggot upon faggot and brand upon brand, in order to make assurance doubly sure, like the incendiary, who, having marked out for destruction sone stately ware- house, filled with costly merchandise, lays his combustible materials not in one corner of the building only, but in every room, heaping them upon each other, and then applying the lighted match simultancously to évery pile. The result is certain, unless by some fortunate accident the criminal is caught in the fact, or the fire is discovered before it has gained any headway. It is thus the 7riluxe is preparing the confla- gration which it expects will consume the noble fabric of the Union and all the precious interests and hopes it contains. The great temple of liberty is devoted by the nigger worshippers to the flames, and nothing can save it from impending ruin but the vigorous exertions of the conservative element in tho Central States, roused from its inaction by the close proximity of the danger and the mighty’ ~ stake which is at issue. Already the smoke is showing itself at doors and windows, and svon will the irrepressible flames burst forth, unless the incipient fire is speedily quenched and the lurking combustibles of the incendiary re- moved. Tre Mayor's Nomryations.—It was the cus- tom of the last Board of Aldermen, when the Mayor nominated any man for an office within his power to appoint, to refuse to take any ac- tion in the matter until it suited their own pur- pose; and hence in some cases the interests of the city were frequently neglected for a long period. Such, it will be remembered, was the ease when Mayor Tiemann endeavored to fill the vacancy of City Inspector, caused by the re- moval of Mr. Morton. The Mayor nominated successively some half a dozen individuals, early all of whom were qualified for the office 5 but the Aldermen refused again and again to confirm them. It has been said that the Alder- men usually take this course until they find out what the nominee intends to do with regard to the appointment of his subordinates, and other matters in which that august body have, or ex- pect to have, an intereet. From the action of the new Board at their last meeting, it would appear that the same system is to be carried out by them. On that occasion Mayor Wood sent in the name of Gideon J. Tucker for President of the Croton Board, in place of M. Van Schaick, resigned, and Dr. Robert B. Bradford as Health Commis- sioner, in place of Jedediah Miller, whose term has expired; but the Aldermen refused to take any action upon these appointments, upon the impudent pretext that they had not been con- sulted. Now it is not the duty of the Mayor to consult them upon the matter: it his duty sim- ply to appoint person ified for the office, and it is the Alderme: v to confirm them, or reject them for ca In this instance Mayor Wood has appointed exactly the right kind of men; they are beth young. active, and of respectable standing. Mr. Tucker has re- cently occupied the position of Secretary of State with great credit. THis character is un- exceptionable, and his indastty proverbfal. No better nomination for the head of the Crotom Board could be made. Dr. Bradford js a man of excellent education, full of vigor, and a physician of good repute —just th ¢ for the important office of Health Commissioner, We hope, then, that Mayor Wood will make no com- promise, nor enter into any parley whatever with the Aldermen, but will # that they or reject these gentlemer ep, and if they s shall cither approve, for some good cay ed appoint others er Tiemann ¢xperience t deal of embay- om of office fron