The New York Herald Newspaper, August 23, 1859, Page 2

Swperor was well aware of thie, Lot vz, however, pre Some that be was really in earnest whou De took che Cxane of Itely in bund. Let us suppose, fareber, toatuleimately at | ‘Vilafrance be made the bess terms be eup 20804 to de pisai Die for the Ivsliuns, Do can ecarvely be suroriand if he bas disappointed the expectations which he bimself hat raised. He covia not hope spat the @#iid Italian blood would aot be rawsed 10 fury when the krms upoo which be bad treated Were known, It was ot probayle that 26,000,000 people, who bad been taught by bis own lips to look to aim for @ perfect deliverance from spiritual and political slavery, should quietiy acquiesce in a result which m:aat atthe best thasrbey muet work out thor tndep nisoce for \hemaelves,and at the worst that they were to 9° i hapaed back to their former taskmasiers in more pitiable plight than before, We devire to putthe best, aod uot the worst, construction upon the conduct of the frence Emperor. If this be doe, the Italians will ia the end ‘de brought to seo that if Louis Napoleon is not%a being of | supernatural power and beneficence, at least he has snown himsell sudetanually tbeir benefactor and frivad All, however, devends upon the course whicu the nego tiations affecting Central I wly may ultimately take. We cannot brig ourselves to think that the Emperor 0! the French will prove bimeeif so untrue 0 his pligated faith as to throw the three Duchies and the Legauions dowa at the feet of their former masters, to undergo what extremi ties of suffering and cruelty triumphant vindictivenceas may dictace, [he Faperors of France and Austria coald not come to any settiement upon the affairs of these pro vibces, for they were not the gest of war, nor, SATO 60 far as the action of the contiogeats from the Ducbies were concerned, were ibey even mixed up with the war, Tus- capy, by hereeif, bas as good a rigat to change ber form of government as Fraace. What is the value of the E a- ‘ror Napoleon’s own title to the throne of France, if the scan feople are uot free to chooge their owa rulere? ‘What is true of France or Tuscany is true in priaciple of Parma and Mocena, the only diifsrence in the cases balog that the military power of the lsat pamed States ta comps rativeiy insignificant. The Papal States were specificaily ackbowledged to be neutral, France and Austria have no more right to dictate to the inhabitants who shall ruic over them than they bave to parcel out the Bricish Is- lands or the United Staces of North America, wad to ap- point their own viceroys over the heptarchics of their owa crestion. Leaving right out of the question, and consider- ing only woat France will do, it is increaibie that toe French Emperor should first load the inbabitante of Jentral |e vee strangely, NEW YORK HERALD, TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1859. corps. The prewnre of there | eutt from tha boorcf ten a. M all nppreten fon tt troops, therefore, bad for wo relime General Niel trom Fg flank, mbicy we ht have to fearon bit 4 by only three of his owa bat to ce Mia jus. ti, 10% knowledge toal Marsh. | Pervned elrensy glen & Deefal auppurt b> tbe Fourth erry | beicre the hour #: wluce he BeoKUlt division oeoupied tee vit Inge of mobecoo, ve>% General Niel ts -withd sw tram, C8 parrot the .uzy.d viel t, at (Reeame time that the Fiegt bri | Solved in the combst en being sustained by the troops of ths Fourth co pr Besides Ceversl Piel could not have intended, tn bla report io ihe Pinveror, t0 incriminate in apy manzer the conduct of Marebel Canrobert, whoge obivairous obsracter ia well knows. | not, Nonody ever heard of such a gy usies spd disensions among Marshals French Empire, Some tei them- and, a8 roeprots the harmosy amoog the fortunate bearers o: batons, the Seooad Eapue bids fair to become (as ia some otaer rerpects) a reproduction of the Fir “Je ne sais pas 'é! chauffart a Solfe tno,” wid a French soldier to me two or thie Oays aftor tbat battle, By which fo'm o! expression, hich peracns unacquainted with the phrase b.ok of the Galhe warr: of the day would take for a m-.« declara- tion of igvorance, my friend with the worsted epaulettes intended me to understand that it did chauffer exow: ding: ly; m fact, that the fight wes about as hot as it could pe, quie a white hest, and o deal too mucn of it to be pleaeant, Ia like mancer, { may ssy Je me sois pas if thefe bas been any ‘bad biood be: tween Nici and Canrobert. Oaiy it is quite certaia, aad notorious im the Frecch army, En peror bad the greatest d Mculty to keop them from flying at each otber’s throata and settling their differences by @ single comoat. Itso heppened that travoiling 2B {rom Turin the other day, with some very pleasant an gentlementy French officers, the conversstiou tucned on the matter to which the present note in the Munit-ur re- ers. Niel, 'n his report, expreseed bis regret thac Cauro- bert could not bring up bis corps till late in the day. Canrobert, aad inceed the whole army, saw in the manzer in which this was said an intention to cast a pretiy atrong reflection—in short, @ broad Bint of unreadiness. Tho Marsbal oneyed his orders, however, and there is « say- ing w our eervice that it ia a good ‘solaier who does his duty—in contracistioction to exceeding it. He was ordered by Nepoleon to watob Mantua, aod be in readiness to re- pel a sortie which was thought probable Wast so ae peo ple say, and Niel probably meant to imply, is, that ata as j Le Italy to destruction, and then turn his back upon them. If Tuscany, a, Modena and the Legations rose in arms, it was because he cutered Italy at the bead of a French army, protesting that his purpose ‘was to purge the pevinsulz of the Austrians from tho Alps to Reggio. It is wready xo slight thing to draw back so far as to deciaro that, at all eveats, Venetia and the district of the four famous fortresses are to be re. Signed to the ola iniruder; bu: ths may be inevitable—it may be one of the bard necessities of war. Tis cannot, however, apply to the provinces of Central Its'y; and we are bound to admit that if the independence of these is secured, and Lombardy and Piedmont are consolidate into a compact and solid kingdom, the Emperor Napoleon will been no mean benefactor of the Italians, Allow ten years to pase over such an arrangement without any freeh vigitation from the French or Austrisn armies, and Italy is a8 much answerable for her own fortunes as Eng: land or France. CURIOUS NEWS FROM GERMANY. JMMENSE EFFECT OF THE PEACE ON THE GERMAN PRINOKS. (Berlin letter, Avguef 4, ip Lon7on Times } ‘The fruits of the peace of Viiafrancs are very bitter in ‘the mouths of the Prussian wipistera, M von Schicioitz, the Min'stor for Foreign Affairs, sits patient!y at hie offica, notwithatanding the heat of thé weather, imetead of follow. ing the Prince Regent to Ostend, in the hope that the Aua- trian apologies may still be forthcoming. Bat Austria te in no hurry to acknowledge that ber accugations are un- founded, and she rather, on the contrary, expects that Pruseia will apologize to ber. The history of the negoti- ations bet ween the two States from the month of February to the present time hag been given to the public ina emall Yellow pamphiet, compited from official information, but Dot bearing aby Official character. This wag the m-zzo ter fine chosen by M von Schieinitz as prefersbie to an offi- Cial biue beok The color is different, but tho effect is the fame, aod M von Schicinitz fe contequent!y exposed to the scolainge of the Augirien Minister just as much as if he bad taken bis own defence {u hand himself. Tris rupture—for ut t3 almost a rupture—detwem Austria amd Prussia presnts great dancers to Germany. the Princes of the smaller sta‘ee, eecing the bopetesspess of looking for protection from the most powerful members of the Bond, are turning their thoughts towards Paris. The Tepreseatatives of some of them are elready rubbing their Doses on the imperial threshold, and applyiog in very loud whispers for pardon. Jn Darmstadt th- police have ord-red all works offenrive to France to be remved from the bock- sellers’ wandotws. In Wurtemberg the probibition to export horses rae breo repealed, without consulting the otner States of the Zollvere'n. The probibition waa not a for- mal resolve of that body, but agreed to in an unofficial Way; each sovereign can, therefore, legally exercise his own d:screticn in the matter, The want of horses in France eeems to be still very great. In Mecklenburg the horses raised for the mobilization of the contingent have been sold. and Arree fourths of Mem have been purchased by French dealers. These horses must be taken round by sea, but the Wortemberg market, which has just been throwo open, is on the frontier of France. The K was,a few weeks ago, the most cager for war of all the Gorman Princes; ee conte engani to make his peace with the conqueror, there are not wanting those ‘who remember the Confederation of the Rhina, ad think its renewal not impossible. If is depended only on the Princes, it might perhaps come to pass, but the people have now @ powerful voice in such questions, and they ‘become more anti French as they percaive France to be more succcesfal. Bat, however subservien: the sove- reigns may be inclined to show themselves, their people will not 20 easily be brought to acquiesce in anything which betokens a French interest. ‘The King of Bavaria, whose chivalrous speeches were two months ago the admiration ot Austria and Austrian'z- ing Germany, bas been eager to apologize for the pasnago of troops through hus territory, on the ples that he did na Know where they were going. DUCHY OF MODENA. The Modens Gazdte of the 318i ult., publishes decrees signed by the lately elected Dictator:—1. Organiziug the army in a brigade, to be calied Brigade of Modeua, 2, Entrusting the command of the brigade to Msjor General Ribotti; and 3. Provisionally appointing Colonel Frapolli to be Minister of War. The Brigade of Modena is to con- sist of three regiments of infantry of two battalions each; a battalion of riflemen, a ‘eid battery, balf a battery of mountain artillery, and a equedron of guides, The same paper announces that the Marquis Fontanelli and Chevalier Maimusibave bad an audience of hie Me jeaty the Emperor of the French, and received encoarag ing agsurances regarding the future destiny of the couny. MOVEMENTS OF GARIBALDI. A Turin letter of the 34 inet. , in ihe Paris Preise, axye:— It now seems certain that General (aribaldt’ is pre- paring, although stil! uoweil, to proceed to Ceutral Italy, taking with bim the two corps, the Chasscurr o! the Alps and the Chaseeurs of the Apepn pes. Both of these bodies have remained compact, no applicatioa for a discharge having been made since the Genera! issued h's proclama- tion, There two bodies are together about 13,00 strong, and if they were added to the two regiments of Chasseurs of Modena, the 10,000 Tascare, the § U00 troops of Mezza- copo and the 4,000 of Roselli, they would form a very re spectable army. You have, without doubt, heard of General Ulloa having given in dis resignation at Fiorence. Administrative detais do not suit bis character, and in addition be is fatigued with the close attentica he hes been abliged to pay ior the Jast three months to public Dusiness. A deputation of exiled Venetians nave waited on the ambassadors of Engiand, Fravce, Russia and Proesia at Turin, praying for the intervention of Europe in favor of the indepenoence of their country. Private letters from Venetia are xceedingly gloomy. ‘The silk crop has failed, that ot wheat is only middiing, that of potatoes is positively bad, and at the present time the extreme beat compromites the maize crop, Com mercial business 18 quite paralyzed, and a grcat number of failures are taking place. Every work relating to the arts has completely ceased, and artiate are almcst reduced to ask alms. NaPLES. A letter from Naples, in the Nord, ea: The Neapolitan government bas at last broken throngh its long reserve, apd nes trankly entered on the path of amelioration’ It has ordered, a8 8 starting point for the reforms which it ts preparing, that an inquiry shall be in- stituted into the etate of the magistrature aud the admix. istration, of which the preatnbie to the decree fully ad. mits the ead condition, and declares reorganization doth necessary and urgent. THE AUSTRIAN ARMY IN ITALY. TO THE EDITOR OF THE LONDON Times, In 8 letter from an ex-correspondent in the London Times of to day I see it asserted that a story was current at Vi that the battle of Magenta was lost because Count Gyulai sat down to dinner on the receipt of Count Clam’s demand for reinforcements, and would not attend to business till after his al! important mee!. I was with Connt Gyulai neariy all that day, and I know that except a crust of bread at Magenta he ate nothing between geven o'clock (his usual hour for breakfast) and eleven at night, He rode from Abbiste Graseo with his whole siaff to Magenta at half past twelve o’cock—rather an early bour for dinner. It will never now be known whether Count Gyulai was oompetent to conduct a war or not, if allowed to form his own plans; but it cannot be seriously doubted that the Ewperor chose him because he believed him to be the most fit person, having gn pees ability as Miniter of War during the difficult period of 1849, and having also when in command at Trieste kept his province in order, and assisted Radetzky in orgavizing an arwy to reconquer Lombardy. The conduct of Prince Edward Lichtenstein and of it Ciam at Solferino certainly gives probability to the truth of Count Gyulai’s complaints of their failing him at Magenta. Tt may interest your readers to know that at Solferino, ‘as well ag at Magenta, thore wes a small but briliiaat charge of cavalry, acd commanded by the tame man, Count Edelsheim. This officer obtained leave to break through the French line between ite centre aad right with what remained of his regiment, the ‘Preussen”” Hussers. He did to, opposed only by Chasseurs d’Afrique, who dismounted to fre on the charging Austrians, but were cut down almost to a tan, all their horses being captared Count Edelebeim penctrated quite to the Frenoh rear, but, finging that sapports dia not follow as he expected, was obliged to cut his way back, the French having collecied infantry, cavsiry and artillery to nar his retreat One of his squadrons !ost ail but fifteen men, so you may imagine che resistance he met. «A. BLAKELEY, Avavst 4, 1859. Captain, half pay, Royal artillery. MARSHAL CANROBERT AT SOLFERINO. (Paris letter (August 7) in London Times.} The Monifeur appounces: ihe French, Austrian and r tatives wore to aesemble yesterday E certain period of tbe cay the danger of such a sortie was over, and be might bave employed bimeeli usefuliy in apother direc ion, and one, in aidiog she Foarth corps. You are aware that Neil's corps euffered very severely, und Conrobert’s very little Tne soldiers, woo bave given nicknames to all the five corps of the army, Third ‘La Providence des Fumilles,” because it got off with such slight loes, just as they have baptized the Fifth “ Les Tourtstes,” because they have done no: of toe Irech> ovis 69 (bmonging to Cacrohert’s core) | Tong as possible bis oi system of tyranny, &c. | In ite pumbor of the 26th of ‘we road—"' As long as | the Rowan goveroment exists only by the p»rm ston | of France and Austria, it has no rigot to be conairered as @ Sovercign State. Powers that protect ber have sic rigbt to give ber orders, and if they wish for ratios of their own to colegate the exeroime of their a w& | avotber Power, they would bo perfoot'y free to dy a9. ‘Woe ever force pat more shamelessly above right? this is the per in which the public opinion of Buglane exprctees iteelf of @ sovereign whom tey roproact fo being upable to meiotaia big authori y im bis @wo Cominions, when they Know woll that it isananifa o | {nctiovs epirite, the greater number of whom coms from without, and receive help from without, who have excited revolt in some provinces of the Papal States. But they know what an Englah protectorate means, aad 00 do io Topp Ielapos Times continves:—We thoroughiy sppreciate the difficulties that beset France and Austcia t! this matter, It ie uot eaey to treat with a man who ie Wiliipg to be made a martyr, sod who makes tt & poiv! of conscience to make martyrs of others, Pius IX. cauuo’ in copecierce hinder that-cloud of ecclesiastical locusts from devouring the Roman people; he canaot prevont tuc robbery of Jews, bor the pillago aud gack of Isaliun cities, but sbove all, Pius IX. will be bappy to die on the s\eps 0 (be Vaticay Nepoieon Il or Fri Josepa wish to pu bim to death. They may break, but they can nover bead bin.” ‘Such are the truths that are set before the English pub lc It bas Deen proved, and J dpeacan es over a shou sund timee—tbat ecclesiastics form & very smali migority of government employes. It bas been proved—aad the figures cannot be disputed—that the Ponsidcal gorera ment coels leas then apy other; yet they represeat the overt ment as devouring the sul ‘Of the people. fs Deen assorted that it ws to the pretence of the Pope at Bome that the city owes its wealth and spieador, and tua: it 19 to the dignity of Supreme Ponta! added to his title of temporal] sovereign that the Roman States owe their grest- eet impo: tance; and yet they represent this union of the two powers as a scourge for the Romans. But the most authentic documents have deem pubiisbed, and we scek in ‘vain for them in the columpe of the Times. It bas not evea analyzed them—pey, it docs not even hiat a suspicion of ‘weir exietence. Ia ihe same way, when they repudlisbed bo famous pamphiet “Napoleon IU. and Italy,’ they wok good care to rupprees the passage in which the Pope is rpoken of with respect aod the eminent 10M he Oughy to occupy im Italy unmistakably ingi | Inview of this conspiracy of silence in two euch iostances, we ask of what use is the hberty cf the preas of which Evgiand ia so proud with such an example of bad faith before vs? wo ask if the unlimited fieecom of Oiscussion can be truly useful—oan it conduce to the triumph of virtue? Astor the abduction of Jo | pow wey allude to young Mortara, witharaqa for a time from the protecdon of his paren's, who at first did oot ting but travel about. ’ Nobody can doubt the personal | gallantry and eeidierly qualities of Canronert, but there \ seems an impression that he is a little afraid of respoasi- binty, and tat at 2olferino il a manqué de trupet, @ use | the soldier’s phrase. However, 1 believe there arc quite two opinions about that; and Caorobert was perhaps cou. ecious that if he devi: from the Emperor’s orders, and anybody or anything came to griet ta consequence, tnere would be rivals at band to make the most of nis misoap. WHAT THE CATHOLIC PRESS OF EUROPE THINK ABOUT THE PEACE INTENSE HOSTILITY TO ENGLAND IN FRaNCR—WHAT THE FRENCH THINK OF THE ENGLISH FSARS OF IN- VASION. (Translated from the Paris Univers, July 31, for the New York Herat ‘Thé changes of publi¢ opinion in England deserve tp be noted attentively in the present condition of affsira, Alter the firat burst of surprise ana dit the peace of Villafrazoa. the Engiteh mind turaed quickly to ecan the chances of tho future. It was exccedingiy mortifying to the seif love of John Bull to see peace con. cluded withou! bis perm seion, at the very moment, woo, when the proceedings of the revolutionary party in Itaty encouraged bim to hope that the two Powers which he hated most, France and the Holy See, would be involved in the greatest difficuities, In view of the vast proportions the war wes about to assume, England hoped w recover in Europe—thanks to the exbaustion of the belligerent pow. era—the potition she formerly beid, a position which is now 80 diminished and jeopardized. Aad in the mean- time, under shelter of the neutrality which they affiemed was friendly towards Franco, they coutinued the vast preparations for war commenced under an administra. tien avowedly unfriendly, that they might be ready to interpose as soon'as France and Austria were exhausted by their astragglos. It has been found neceseary to give up combinations laboriously formed. Lord John Rursall has lost an opgor- tunity of dispiey ing the diplomatic tact and ability which he believes himseif to possess. Lord Palmerston’s great griet i that the Pope bas not boen driven to seek a rotage in the Catacombe; the revolutiopists have been thwarted in their desires; Austria hes not been hambied too mach, while Prussia hes been humbled more; Eogland most of } al!, acd France has attained a megnificent position. aro the things that annoy the philanthropists and Itberais besond tne Channel. And these are the reasons that efter the first moment of surprire and disappointment the English press, with the Londoa Zimesat its esd. not even excepting the good-natured London Morning Put, gave full vent to their bitter feelings against France. Jat could not Inst, however. They soon saw that it wasa dangerous game to irritate France;the members of the Ministry in B are in Parliament spoke plausibly of their friends} for and confidence in ue; the Mintsteriat prees took its cue from the government, and tne Londoa Times iteelf calmed down 80 completely that tt was per- us as before, Bat im our favor? We The contervative opposition has the advaptege; they remind Lord Palmeraton that last year he was defe: on @ question that piaced him in ‘opposition to the general feeling of tbe country, and that be may fail again if he becomes the complaisent tool of French policy; and in order to appease these clamors Mr. Giadsione, who is economical when not in the fuancial de. partment, and to the income tax when a member of the House of mens, brought ia a budget which as- sumed the proportions of 's war budget. Taree montbs ago it was gravely asserted that France was upable to supports war in consequence of the ex- hbausted condition of her finances, and we laughed loudty at British when several financial catastrophes oc- curred in Lanéon, the capital of & neutral nation, at the | simple appouncement of the war, whilst Paris bravely stood the shock. The public finances of Eogiaad are no Jonger ip a condition apy gasconades on tho to a anks cf the Thames. ‘Lis fue the revenue of Great | Britain increases from year to year, but so do her ox: | penses, and in greater proportion. Thus her reve- nue for 18€0 is valued et £64,340,000 aterliog, but her expenses reached the sum of £69,207,000 eter. | Hog, making a deficit of £4,867,000, A very ‘consider. | able ceficit this for a peace budget. Mr. Gladstone has acknowledged thia, but not to augment the debt, the inte reat of which already absorbs almost one-half the revenue (£29,000,0C0 on £69,000,000); and perhaps also to show o the world that the tax will yteld more this year than it | ever did before, he has not endeavored to raise a loan. | They willtry to make up this deficicit by the hated in- | come tax—a tax which in former times waa yiolen:ly op- posed by Mr. Gladstone. The actual rate of this tax Ja five pence In the pound, and Mr. Giadstone proposes to | raise the rate to nine pence in the pound, which raisea | the proportion of this tax from one fifty-fitth to one-tbir- | | Heth on incomes above £150, for the Minister proposca only an Increase of two pence on the pound on incomes wbove £100, thoso below that sum have not been aubjoct to an increase. English patriotism does not shrink from auy sacrifice | necessary for the national defences, but it feels the burden heavy; and the London Times, which negiects no opporta- nity of irritating our good allies against us, eudeayorsto | turn this digcon‘ent against France. “As loug as the chief of the French nation,” says the Times, “con tiaves big disturbing policy im Europe our armaments ought to be kept up; we think before jong the public will ask in what respect such a peace is preferable to war; and if the proepec: of diebursing an- nually near thirty millions of pounds sterling, and the ex baustion of the revenue of Eogiand consequent thereon, do not constitute an evil scarcely lees than war itscit, | If it depended on the London Temes we would be at war with England to-morrow; out it appears thet the Arm- strong canons are not ready yet, und so British courage must be keptin check. However, the London Times itseif gave lessons on prudence lately, ‘whan it observed that England could not bring more than 30,000 men of the regu- lar army to oppose an invading force. Bat little, it must be confeseed. But General Peel has contradicted this un. patriotic abd impradent aarertion, and asserted that during hie short administration he had got ready an army of 119,000 men. Itie true thet this magnificent acmy is invisiblomit can’t be eeen anywhere, aad its commeader- in-chief would be puzzled to say where the different regi- ments are to be found. However, it euffices to keep up the courage of our neighbors. Many of them believe that Geperal Peel's 110,000 men are elfective, and that tue | 600,000 French soldiers exist only on paper, and so “rule Britannia.” The relations, then, between France and England remain in an wogatisfactory state, and we know not it could well | be otherwise. Waatever is favorabie to Frauce is hurtful to England. We co not accuse the English of blindness, but we reproach them that they reek the greatness of their country only jn the weakness and discord of other peoples. We reproach them with propagating subveraira doctrines everywhere, of favoring revolutionary move- menta, of sbackling the most legitimate enterprises when they are not the moters of them, and when they do not expect profit by them exclusively, in orier that they may spread the most odious calumnies against men or governments which digplease them. And hore let us say bat we do not throw upon individuals, nor upon the exces- ten of a free press, nor on momentary excitement tho res- mencement of the year see Lord De chime in with Pal- merston to calumniate the Ponti governmenty The same thing continues still; and were we willing to over- look the insult of the London Times, an exira-winisterial Journal, we would be obliged to pay attention to those the London Morning Post, the orgau ot Lord Paimerston, nc Provestant England agree in Italy, for example, or come to ap understanding with cach other there, when the first wishes to preserve the integrity of the Pope's tempo- Tal power, and the fecond endeayors by the most odious mesna to overthrow it? We could give examples day by Guy of the coaree and brutal manner in which the Protvest- ant press treats the venerated head of the religion of two hundred miliioos of men, ee, whom are two-thirds of the population of Great Britain, but we abstala from doing 80 out of respect toour readers. It is advisable, however, to remember from time to time to what an excess of out. rage, calumny and folly the free press of » Christian coun- try can give uiterance~an excess which ought to open the ‘eyes of honest men be scvpaial ‘to them the secret mo- tives which give Eng) #0 much influence on the Conti. nent, and which throws a veil over the iniquities she co mits. England and the revolutionists have joined hi They recognise in her most powerful sup. Lat those who doubt this open the journals and fee who are those who preach up an ailiance with England in spite of ber migdeeds and the Injury she has tried to do us. It wis said, some time ago, thore was an Austrian Prete that dreaded the triumph of revolutionary princi lee but there can be no difficulty whatever in Gading ag lish press here. The Loncon Times, restrained in the ex jon of ite hatred against France, comforts itself by bringing all the | Amenities of ita style to bear upon the Holy See. [n its | Opinion Pius IX. ie only a miserable old man, who has | Only energy enough to massacre his subjects; he is an Obetinate and prt'kes wan, who coly eecks to preserre As poueibility of a conduct which bez been purgued lavariably | by ber statesmen for years. Did we not atthe com: | ‘Sings on the Sovereign Pontiff, How could Catholic France | - | clrcumstancer this question. Is it Heng: Nppecaerad there was a | f think of complet: ing, and who had no right to do so, aiacs iu taking @ Christina servaut apd leaving her alone wito That chi when in danger of death, they knew, or ovgut ‘0 bave known, to whet they expoeed him, and coosequeut ly \Dey agreed betorehend to the vousequences vbat might | follow their infraction of the iaws of tne State in which \ uhey lived. Tet us speak of the crucltiee wherewith the government | of Pius 1X bee been reprosched. Let it be rememberer Abat it ig the London Times wnat for two years with ucex ampled ferocity urged on the government to repress tho | Tevet ip India by atrocious cruclties; {tis the London Tames | which darea to accuse the Loge of crucity on account of | the cyente in Pervgia, Let them rivg thé Changes loudly, | 68 the Morning Post and all the revolutionary prose bave | 06 08 the tilile of tho representative of the Saviour aad tue Prince of Peace, but let them tell us when tue ciemen- cy of @ sovereign has been exercised ip favor { ot rebels to the detriment ana ivjury of the good. To regress @ revolt is in most cages to deliver the im- menpe majority from the y oke of a fectious handful, and was bot this the cese 1a Peru, Bat the revolution has Violated wil our ideas upoo this subject. She wautod to weaken auiberity; therefore sbe exalted weakness ag a virtue, #Dd she Could Lot sufliciently execrate the princes *Lo kiew that power bed been given to ibem for the orotection of the geod end the represasion of the wicked. Lovis XVL #id pot wish that @ single drop of blood sbould de ehed in his cause, and what,jorreats of ianoceut dlood did not this talee generosity cause to flow. Has the Sovereign of tbe Pontitical States in this view diferent duties fom other sovereigue, and would he be justided ip thowing that clewency that would leave honest meu a prey to the factious? Let us not fear that repression will paes tig just bounds. Once order is re-established Pius IX will recognise the criminals only to pardon thom. ibey know bun well. Often have they had recourse to ‘he ‘treasurer of clemency which abide in that heart which bes been eo cruelly calumpiated. The Loagen Tomes concluces ite article in these words:—‘‘ the £mperer apould be desirous of fading some way out ef Die arflicutty, 4) Freaca Iaymen would be happy to see the garrison which is at Rome back again in Paris, snd al Roman questions lett to be settied between tho Pope and his people. No person can foresee bow all his witiend; but et all eventa we have great reason to coa- gratvlate ourselves that England has no jaterest in that affair.” The Times will eee that if the Roman question is the real Italian diflicalty, it is not to the Pops aod the cardinals we owe it, but to the revolution, which wishes 10 overthrow the Uhurch and the Pepacy. Pethape it would not surprise him very much if we should say that we tco would be bappy to gee this Roman question left entirely to the Pope and bis people. It it had been ao Tus- cau muskets and Volunteers would ucver have crimgoued the streets of Perugia with blood, Piedmont would ever bave fomented and suptained insurrection in Bologna, and Engiand would not have reason to re- proach berseif with having, through her intrigues, caused part of the misfortunes of Italy. From the Zimes we ob- tein the sentiments of the English Protestant middle classes; frum the Morning Post the opinions of the present Ministry. On the very day on which the peace was signed, in its issue of the 12th of July, the Pos con- tained an article in which it openly demanded the extinc- tion of the temporal power of the Pope, with reasoas which, for cogency and good faith, rival the Times. “When a system of government,” says that jouroal, “cannot be defended in theory,and when it is bad in practice, we must consider it as ripe for destruction Now, the government of Central Italy, &c.; then, &3.” yllogism was correct, but it wouid hat peces- sary 10 have proved the mixor Proposition, and that, th Morning Post carefully abatained from doing. A littie further on he says:—‘‘The settlement of the Itslian ques- tion will not be complete while the Roman States remain in cheir present miserabdie condition. Without doubt tne opposition to all reforms will be obstinate, not to si foxious, but the general interest oughi to outweigh every | consideration; aud it will Lot be diflicult to prove to ua- prejudiced Catholics tbat their church has gained nothing by maiztainipg social and political abuses which are a scandal to all Buroze. In fact, the union of the tem: poral and the spiritvcal power bas been always fatal, and we can demonstrate a priori that it will always be *0, ‘Those who have treated of this gubject have only to ask if it be poseible to find upon the earth two contradic- tions more evidently abeurd then the pretentious of the Pope to be a beneficent prince with the actual condition of the people subject to bim. It there is upon earth a Place where ail the royal virtues ought to éhine with tae poreat splendor and produce the bappiest resulis, it is certwinly in the States o¢ bim who pretenda to be tho Vicar upen eartn of the Lord of Heaven. But where do we | Snd a worge government—one in which there is more corruption im the admin#tration, more tyranuy in the government, and more natred in the governed? Whe:e oo we gee industry more psralysed? Where will we find greater torgor ia the spirit of enterprise? What has modern Rome doue for literature, for art, or for tho ad: yancement of humanity / Avsolutely nothing. Tne go. | Yerpmeni 18 the plague of the country; the Pope is a be. nevolent man, but the system of which he is the head ts abominable; and mt this present moment even he pre. | vente the ‘contradictory ‘and anti-Curistian spectacle of the Vicar of Christ, the prince of mercy and ice, employing bis mercenary soldiers to punigh and acre bis gudjects.’? At iast the same journal, in its edition of the 27ta oj Jaly, sams up in one phrase its opin- ion ou the pontifical government. ‘There is not,” it says, “a form of bad government which does not fad its type which 1® Lot represented in the soi disanz holy ciiy.” The Morning Port, we ree, gcoe ntiead of the Times—thore are Ube eame bypocritical phrases of —_. and the same iwjurtoug calumnies. We will not loge time in proving \bat Pius the Ninth Is posecseed of all the royal vir, iuee that his goveroment, notwithstanding the abuse? which ere foued everywhere where there are men, and the faults of national character, has given proof of energy and of # spirit of reform, shay the Pope is very far from boing detested by hia subjects, that agcicultare is honored in the Roman States, ano tbat industry is not neglected there (the industrial exhioition of 1855 has proved it); in fine, that modern Rome—the Home of the Popes—docs not make a discreditavle figure beside the most advanced na. tions when there is a question of literature, science, art or of progrees. The knows as well a3 we do, for be bas his own expe: rience of Rome, and he read its history. But there is eometbipg monstrous in these accusations when we reomiect tbat they come {10m Protestant Kogiand. They have carried the audacity of lying to the highost degree, or ratber they know well bow far they can rely on the connivance of the enemies of Catholiciem, or they might fear to reproach apy government with being the disgrace cf humanity and tbe scourge of is people when they can- pot be ignorant of the shame and misery of its own coun- try. Is itm the dominions of the Pope tnat it is necesaary to pass a law to binder parents from killing their children ia order to obtain a premium of three pounds? Was it pot in London in 1857 that more than three bundred thou | sand peupers were officially helped, whilst the Roman | States counted in ali only thirty seven thousand. Is it in | Lonccn or Reme that we fiod those infected dweilings | where entire families aro heaped together without a'r, | without nourisbmen}, and almost without clothing? Is it } in the Roman States or in Engiand that wo see proprietors leaving unfortunate women and children without ehelter for the night, having inkamanly chased | them from their holdings for the worthy par- pose of removing a miserable hut and estab- lishing vast parks where they found populous vil- | tages? Is it in the Roman States that we find bwhops en- j yng immente revenues which they make use of only to | enrich their formilies ina manner Which provokes even | Vrotettants themeelyes, whilst near them thousaods of \neir fellow creatures aie of hunger? Is it in the Roman | States that tbey immolate to the Molocl: of industry thove | bnforiunaie little ehildren who are biignted in their fac. 8 apd perie before they attain the age of manhood? Ja it in the esylums of Roman charity that we see those vufortunate beings who in despair bang themeelves rather than submit to their intolerable regulations? Isit ia Rome | Or in London that prostitutes block up the streets and that }we have ecen aud atill eee the members of the highest fa- | milies, members even of the magistracy, betaking them- | selves'to thore reeuions where public morality is shame- | lestly aud openly outraged? We might parsue this exami- paticn much further, One day we will ba St with more fish | Minucness the mizery and the shame of society , | of which we bave upon more than ove oocasion published | #ame traits, aod we can decide with full knowledge of the Rome, or is {t not rather | m7 that is the shame and the scandal of Earope? ime we cannot rofrain from returning thanks to the two Catholic omperors for having terminated this war | and laid the basis of the reorganization of Italy without | waiting for the counseis and the advice of a Powor natu | rally hostile to France, and aptmated by @ bitter hatred for the Roman Church. What could have been | from a Congrees under auch circumstances? Tis true 1 nelther Er gland nor Prussia would have dared directly to Oppoke the interests of victorious France; but in wader- mining the temporal authority of the Pops,in hindering the restoration of @ etrong power in the Peninsula, they would bave dealt s fatal biow to Catholicism; but {ntei: gent policy at ‘with history, proclaims that whatever weakens Catholicity weakons France. It ie notfaith only, [yew Yer wht Ig thut Vrenge should = Asmau «ver remata the protector of the Holy Sco acd the Catho- eChusca. 20 FAITH SHOULD BE PLACED IN TH PEAOR PK FESSIONS OF LOUIS NAPOLKON—BNGLAND SHOULD ALWAYS BB BkADY FOR WAR, AND HAVE TUG DECBS CLKARKD FOR ACTION, {From the London Weekly Register (Oardinal Wiseman’s Orgen), Avguet 6.) When we were writing the remarks which appeared in Our last impression upon the etate of affairs ou the Conti: neat, we bad bo expectation thas befere those obeervations were published the accuracy of our information reepext- ing (be mac@uvres of Lora Joha Russell and Lord Palmers fon to thwart the peace comciuded at Vulafranca, by bringing about s Congress, would have been 40 compictaly covfirmed, Evente moved more rapidly than we ould Dave anticipated, We mated on what we knew to begood authority thet our Ministers wore straining every nerve & provent the paciiication of Italy without aoa Wat tbey were aleo intriguing with the Emperor of the French w inouce him to so an example of @ general dis. armement, an intrigue which that clear. beaded maa was only too tikery to favor,as it would materially streagthea bis position by acquiring for him the character of moaera- Hop witbous the toss of a single ship of suidier, aud by tbrowmg this country off, ber fatal ivfluetce to those whic in fuer, and tous giving dearm, and we suppose thyt thi 3 yr anen nine] 4 aup| is country wi K 00 to foliow the pacific example. Is would, no doabi, be aa ecobomical move, im appesrance at least, to disbaad the militia, aiecontinue , Gismies ten thousand sbie seamen, ter es ‘8 dozen of our bost stips ta ordinary, dwebarge ariificers by the hundred from Pembroke, Port 1. Devonport, Deptiord aad We praceat economy ora wise retrenchment? Taere is no | Fewer oo Lip vge — were jerry hace eymbor peace up to img gaze rope ia the Colebrated speech at Bordeaux, Kuglaad and the ober great rowers migot safely reduce armaments. But te the Empire peace? Is is ‘peace establishment” con sratent with the perfect safety of its neighbors, or a RuvaraDtes againat aggression and a surprieey We apore- bend wb © evens of the last three moaths to reply to these questions by a direct begative, The war upon Austria estanlishes beyond «li doubt that tbe French empire 16 not the pacific thing which Napoleon Ill would have ua believe, and the repicity apc completeness with which an enormous army was conveyed to Italy and » poworful fleet dtted out Oemonatrate the infatuation of reposing in seourity be- cauge the Frencao army is pluced on wast is callea the peace footing. A despot who levies eoidicrs and mans his avy by covscriptiov, and votes his supplies and ceciares ‘War without consulting or requiring to consult s Parlie- ent, may reouce bis army and bis fees to any extont be pleases; be may dismiss them all, and yet impose on his peighbora the necessity of maintsining large armamente, Jor be cap by @ word recall all those soldiers and suilors to their post, anc in # moaib be master ugain of a formidable ermy and pavy, Ye only guaranty tor his keeping the pesce 38 bia sssvrance tbat he meditates po stack. But ihe vaine of such # guaranty from the Emperor of the French must now be immensely depreciated, aa tt 18 potorions that white be was plauniog the Iranco- Sardinian Aggression vpoa Austria hg wag profuce in bis comphmenta to the Emperde Franels Joseph, apd in bis piofeesions of smity to all the world. Jn dealing with wach a mun we shimld act upm the rule oF contiariety; and uhen he speaks words of peace, his neighbors, if he has any gsudge against them, thmuld in santly clear the decks for action, Has he any such grudge vgainst Eogland? Tbe aoawer to this question is fur riebed by bis speech wheo pleading for bis life before the (Hamber of Peers after the Buiogoe escapade. He there boldly avowed that “he represented a principle (the Fovereignty of the people), @ cause (the empire), and a Ceteat (Waterioo);” and’ as the “principle” and tho * cause’? bave triumpted iv the coup d’tat and the elec- tion of the 10th of December, it ig, we fear, oaly 100 cer- juin that ® person #0 thorooghly tenox proprsiti aa Napo- Joon TH will not consider that ho bas tuidiiea his mission vatil the ‘defeat’ whion he says he represents has been completely avenged. Half the work is already done, for Roesiaand avstera have been humiliates, and we must do J ords Jobn Kosee!] aud Palmerston the justice of admitting toat they have preatiy facilitated, and aze at this moment assiduously sesisting the Emperor of the French in the accomplisDwwent of nis idea of avenging Waterloo. It was their perverse policy that principally contributed to throw Italy into a ferment of diseilyction, and thus af- forced tne false pretence tor French intervention. It was their malevoient abuse of the Austrian, Papal, Nes- poiitan and Toscan governments that encouraged Count Cavour in his iniquitous desgus upon the estates of the Church, the Duchies and the Austrian territories in Italy, und in his efforts to excite insurrection in those States by (be most flagitious means. Finaliy they were the willing ivatruments of the detestable trick by which the Emperor of Auttria was deceived and induced to accept the basis of peace agreed to at Vi'lafrance. If that peace has armed Napoleon with increased power for evil, let the merit be arded to its authors—Lord Joba Russell and Lord Palmerston, Their avowed partizan- soip with the Emperor Napoleon, their indecent ceclaration that they approved of the object of the French invasion of Lombardy—namely, the expuision of the Ger- mans from Italy—and thetr unwarrantable interference with Prussia to restrain that Power from an erroneously ®pprebended movement on behalf of Austria, had, there (Au be no doubt, the effect of inducing the Austrian mon- arch to agree to terms which, under other circumstances, he would bave indignantly rejected. If, then, the Empo- ror of the #rench has acquired more strength for aveng- ing Waterloo, from the reguit of his Italian campaign—and we believe be bas—and it, when our turn comes, we shall mise the aid of Austria in the conflict—which is only too Probable and too natural—England will unquestionably be indebted to ber neophyte whig Prime Minister and her hereditary whig Secretary for Foreign Affairs for these perricious consequences of @ mischievous, meddling, dis- turbing, anti-Catholic poli The New seaplane ties with the United tat eB. (From the London Times, August 9.) The Mexican intelligence to. day from New York is of more than ordinary importance to the bondholders, since, tupporing the treaty which is described to have been ar- rapged by the United States’ envoy with Juarez at Vera Uroz to be finally ratified, the covntry wiil from that mo- roent virtually pags under American sway. The whole north of Mexico wil! be openei up to settlers, who wiil not only bave the privilege of a tree entry of goods, but algo of calling in United States troops to their assistance whenever they may happen to have any difficulties with Abe native population, The transit routes ceded respec- lively from the* western border of Texas to the Guif of Cahforpia, and from ocean to ocean by the Tebuantepec line, will, unlike the several transit voutes in Central America, be exclusively under American control, eince the’ provieions of the Ciay- ton Bulwer treaty’ bave no bearing upon them. With such powers the absorption of the Mexican republic can be curried on at leisure, and without provokiog the sa- vage but vain reeistance that migbt be incurrea by more direct proceedings. That the resuit will be advantageous © Mexico and the world cannot be doubted, bat the ex- tet to which private rights will be resposted or jeopar- Oued ig an anxious question. If the Aqwrican govern- weot desire an opportunity to benetit the dnaucial repu- tation of their countrymen, they will manifest it by pro- tecting at every step the intererts of the foreign bond- uolders of Mexico, bearing ia mind taat oot a single pri- vilege of the soil over which they sre acquiring con- trol can rightfully be alienated so long as these claima remamn unsatisfied. According to the pre- sept accounts, one of tho latest acts of Juarez bas been the issue of @ decree confissating certain church properties in Mexico, worth in the aggregate 2£20,0€0,000, or more than double the nominal amount due to the bondholders. [f he should succeed in enforcing this, it will be only throvgh moral and material aid aiorded by America, and it will be a duty, toerefore, on the part of that country to recognize the responsibility thas assumed. It is uleo to be remarked, that owing to a portion of the Customs duties being pledged to her foreign creditors, Mexico has no right to grant, as Juarez proposoa todo in the present treaty, free importation for United Stetes goods at any spevific port, whether ia%tae Gulf of Paliforma or elsewhere, These’ pointe, it is hoped, will receive attention from the Erglisn government. Meaa- Shile, however, it is far from certain that the treaty will be adopted. When it comes before the Sonate at Wash- jugton it will be viewed, perhaps, solely as a party ques ton, and will be accepted or rejected on the ground oaly of ms — on the nominations for the aext Presidential contest. fhe Trade Between Europe and the Greut West. [From the London Mercantile Gazette, August 8 } The carrying trade between Europe and tho Westera States of America, on the completion of the Grand Trunk Railway, is about to receive # wow developement. The Toronto Leader saya:— It 1s purely a question of carryiny Is route, "Butit Iv eaay tovee that the cele will exaite hostility in various quarers In the first place the forwarding intereat of the Eastern seaboard States will be up in arms against a contrivance that would divert « conalderable poruon of tbe Western traffic tuto anotber channel The mercantile interests of the seaboard States will alto have motives for op- posing s project which may gerd thetr Western customers to Jorgland through ® «Province, and from a port tpects a vival to New. York, On tha gther hed. ike nase rf a rv we York. On jeatern interests will be in favor of such a change. 24 Arrangements have been made by the Grand Trunk Railway for carrying goods in bond through Canada to Chicago, Cincinnati, St Louis and other cities of the West, by which @ saving in time of ten days will be accom: piished in the transit from Quebec. Several attempts bave been made to establish a direct brade by the lakes and the St, Lawrence with saiing veasel#, but the pscu- lar construction required to pass the canals has prevent. ed their succers in crossing the Atlantic. It is expected that difficulties may be interpored by the customs of the United States to tbe through transit by rail, and this will, itiseaid, lead to a revision of tho ‘gation laws of Amorica—a queetion in which the Canadas are as much interested as the Western States of the Union. American vessels are allowed the cosstiug trade from port to port on the Canadian shore, while Canadian veesels are confined to a direst trade between Canada and one port in the United States. Toe, however, is becoming of little advantage, as the railway system raves some SCO miles of distance, and the water carrisge Cannot compete, burdened as it is with heavy ma rine insurance, dues on canals, and port charges, sub- Ject to dotemtiona by fos and’ gales of wind, It is much in the porition that the trade in the Baltic would be, if there were no outlet by the Cattegat, beyond nine foet of water, and veseels bad to pass the Eider Canal. Should any obstructions be offercd to the transit of goods in bond through Canada, the Imperial Government will be compelied to remonatrate; ana if no redress is to be had, the retaliatory clause must be enforced, and our trade with our Britisn possessions declared coming trade, At pzronat AF eit, or can clear from Eng! to Way should not these vessols carry a goods on @ throwgh bill of Inding in bond, by railway, to Chi- cago, Cincinnati and St. Louis, and be chargable with the same duties as if carried all tho way by water? If steam- oreare depriving the American shipowuers of the emigrant und goods trade to New York destined to the West, they must follow their trade to Portiand aad Quebec. Gotton han been rent from tho Southern States over the railways and through Canade to Portland and Boston. Why not VORG Wad LAyerpoo!, ax Nighy eggs for ebtps londgd the most direct with tber? Our shipowners Shou!d bave ap oye to the cartyug trade of the Weat, \*Bore the cousump ion of bon, Dardware and rartbe: o 18 Very great, affrening outward eargoes to the exten: op a least a in tion of tons, With the completion of the Victorin bridgs and wharfoge tacilt ie Quebec, woich it 18 understoo! the Grane Pruvk will ® provided next ya\?, 20 ships need proceed to Quebec ia bailast, ‘The Monster Steamer Grent Haxtern, {From the London Nmes, Auzuat 9.} ‘The compiction of this magnificent voseol was forma'ty celebrated every, at a banquet on board ths abip, which was honored by tha presence of many of the mam. vers of botb Hovaes and some of the most distingu'shed epgipeers and acieatific wen ip the kingdom. During iho ebort interval wbioh has elapsed eince our last notice of thie noble vessel, the work of ber completion bas pro pressed dt it is only doing bare jus exertions, to say that 00 olner msn ip the kipgdom could havo fitied the vessel in tae tame time, and there were not a few who believed that the task would prove too much even for his energy. Threo weeks or 80.ag0 apd only one or two of tho six masts were Sxed, the bulwarks bad not been quite completed, the bull wanted painting, the decks were piled with In- describable lumber of all kinds, while the labyrinth of cabins and sa!oons below seemed only so many dirty store bouses for undnished joinery, Yesterday tho acenc on board was the reverse of all this, and such progress has been made that the sbip now looks as she will look whea Proceeding to Bea, end a8 ste ought to lok to keep pace with ber reputation as the largest and finest apeci- men of naval architecture that ever floated. The deck bas been planed and scrubbed to mao of-war whiteness, en¢ roteven @ stray rope’s end breaks the wonderfal effect prodoced by its immense expanse, Her fleet of email boats (that is tosay, about thesize of sailing outers) bang at the davits, tea on each side. The vessel bas been painted, the saloons are fnished, the cabins de- corated, and even furnished. The maste ave fixed and Higged, with the Loge of the yards, which will besent up in 8 day or two, e three centre square rigged masts ere of iron, They were made by Mr Finch, of wy ound are the fineat specimens of masts of the kind that were ever manufactured. Each is mado of hollow wrougot iron ia eight feet lepgths, etrengthened inside by dia- phragms of the esme material. Between the joints, as they were bolted together, was placed a pad of vulcanized indiarudber, which gives a spring and buoyancy to tha whole apsr greater than wood, while at the game time retaining all the strength of the iron. The breaking ou of the six shrouds to each of those masts 18 60 tons, which gives ample security for the masts belpg properly supported, as the weigbt of euch is only twenty two to On deck are four smal! steam winches or epeines,« ch of which worke a pair of cranes ou both nides of the sel. Anything more stmple or more por- fect than the couble mechanism by woten these are made to work at both eides can bardiy be conceived, and tho value Of the mvention may be estimated when we say toat with these four double cranes sione 6,600 tons of conls can be hoisred tuto the vesrel iv twenty four bours. Toux the grave onjeotions of those who specuieted on the ‘oen of time required to coal the great ship are entirely dove away with. The chief ssloons—all cave o0e—have ooly been fived toa certara extent in temporary men ber, The fitunge wre exceedingly handsome and suo s'antial, but the decorations of the nuge iron walls Gud gircers bave been reserved unti! after ber first tip, and cow are euly painted of a plein white. The abeerce of claborate decoration in them, bowever, is amply compeneated in the chief ssioom, which hag been finished to show the sc- farb &:7ie in which the whole will be decorated when the Great Eastern begics running to the East. On this saloon Mr. Crace hus lavished his utmozt efforts, ani the Tesult is & combination of taste and richness to an extent *hich is reaily setonishing, Whether the fine traceries of gold and color are exsmined in detail, or whether oue choores to judge by the tone ard effect of the whole apart- Tent, the cecision is equally tavorabie, and this saloon i rot cniy the finest ana richest of any tbat bas yot been avempied, but is Ukely to remais for mavy years the sieadard by which allother cabins of the kind will be judged. Icis said that the mirrors, gilding, carpeting oud silk curtains for thie apartment aiono coat £3,000. Iu the bertha, of course, 20 attempt is mace at costly decors tion of this kind, though the fittings are good and eulll cently luxurious. The berths are arraoged in three Classes—those for parties of six or eiglt, and there are large rooms—those for parties of jour, and the reet in the usual sty!e of doub'e cabios. Ali are very roomy s@ cabins go~—very lofty, well Jit, and thoke on the outer aides exceedivgly well ventil ated. On tho lower deck the berths are even larger loftier, and more commodious than those iu tho upper. Both berths and aaloona here are, in tact, almost ua pecestarily higb, baving very nearly 15 feet {o the clear Tne kitchens, pantries and sculleries are all on the ssmo extentive scale, and fitied with all the large culinary r Qquisites of first Cleve botele, Tho ice house holds up war. of 100 tons of ice, and the lofty wine vaults—for such, in fact, they are—aiready contin wine enough to form a gvod freight for an Oporto trader. But it was not to see the veesel only that some 309 or 400 viaiters were on board yesterday. Tue great featura of the dey was the trial of both screw and paddie engines for the ist time. It is quite impossible by mere verbal Geacription to convey an agequate idea of the colossal pro- pene of both these sets of engines—the former b; ionlton & Watt, the latter by Mr. Scott Russell. ‘The paddle engines consist of four orcillating cylin. cers, of 74 inches diameter and 14 feet stroke; each pair of cylinders, with its crank, condenser and air pump, forme imiteelf a complete and ceparate engine, ca- pable oe disconnexion f four nea Agvicccopiones the whole {sa combinationjof fourfenginee.. jonjolutc! connecting the two cranks is the means by which the engines are conn disconnected. All the sets of engines, both screw, lo, and auxiliary, are provided with governors, expansion and tbrotie valves. fhe paddie epgines work up to an indicated power, of 3,000 Porses of 23,000 1b. when working 11 strckes per m'uute with steam in tbe boiler at 16 1b., the expangion valve Cutting off at one-third of the stroke, All the parts, how? ever, are 80 copatructed that they will work smoothly cither at eight strokes por minute at 26 lo. without expan. sion (beyond what {8 unavoidably effected in tho slides), or at 16 strokes a minute with the expansionjvalve cutting cff at one-quarter of the stroke. Under the lat. ver clrcumsiances the paddle engines alone would give an indicated power of 5,000 horses. Tho boilers are immensely strong, and have been tested odouble the pressure they are required to bear. Tooir weight, inoluding donkey engine, pumps, funnels, &c., #210 tov, and they are capabio of conta(ning 166 tons of water. Each ect bas about 8,000 aquare feet of tube aur- face, exclusive cf flue or furnace, and about 4°0 square feet of fico bar surface, Each is equal to supply freely with moderate firing steam for an indicator of 1,800 hora power when working with 16 pounds, but with full dring can supply an indicator cf 2,500 horse power, The fire- places and ashpits are fitted 0 as to be well adapted for the use of anthracite coal. The screw exgincs are constructed on the same im proved principies. They have four cylinders of 84 inches ‘iameter and 4 feet stroke. Thejcylinders are capable of velng worked together or separately. Wheu working 46 tiroket ® minute, with steam on at 15 pounds, and cutiiag «Pat one-third of the stroke, these engines give an inai- @ted power of 4.400 norses, but 0155 strokes a winute, steam On at 26 pound, and cutting off at one-quarter of ihe stroke, the power will reach to 6,500 horses. Thus the ed eiforts of both ecrew and padole engines will drive immense versels through the water witha power of no than 12,000 borses. What fieet could standin the way of such & mass, weighing some 30,000 tons, and riven through the water by 12,000 horse power at tho of twenty-two or twenty three miies an hour? The ew engine boilers arc in three distinct sets, Their weight is 062 tons, and their capacity for water 270 tons. ‘the piobabie copsumption 0} coal whea both engines aro et Cut! work will average 250 tons per day. The ceilular compartments at the bottom of the ship will be used for porping water into instead of ballast, and as the webs subdisiding these are made perfectly water-tight, any one cr apy uumber can be filled at pleasure. Steam war got up in the paddle engines at half-past ono. At that time all the vieitera were on board, and the en- f£)ne room and hatches, in spite of the heat, were crowded with eager lookerson. Among these were tne Marquis ot Westminster, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Lord Churston, the Karl of Ellesmere, Lord Stanley, M. P.; Lord Kedescale, the Marquis of Stafford, M. P.; Viscount anterbury, Lord Adolphus Vane Tempest, M. P.; Sir Jobn Bowring, the Lord Advocate of Scotland, Right Mon, W. Napier, MP.; Sir Joseph Paxton, MP.; Mr. Bright, M.P,; Lieutenant Colonel the Hon. Cecil Forester, MP.; Mr. Ayrton, MP.; Hon, H. F. Berkeley, MP Right Hon, B.S, Walpole, M P.; Mr. Jackson, M.P.; Sir Cuarles Napier, M.P.; Colonel Sykes, M.P.; Right Hon. W. Cowper, M'P.; Mr. Herbert Jogram, MP.; Mr. J, Brady, M.P:; Right Hon. the Lord Mayor; Mr. Alaerm: 2oee; Sir J.’V. Shelly, MLP.; Sir De Lacy Evans, M.P.; Sir John Rennie, Sir Richard Bethell, M. P.; Mr. Locke, MP.; Mr, J. F. Maguire, M.P.; Mr, Hennessey, M.P.; Mr. Penn, Mr. Whitworth, Mr. J. Locke, Mr. Yates, Seo- retary of the old company; Mr. Broreton, Sir S M. Poto, .P.; Mr, LS nus, Mr. Rose, Solicitor General for Canada; Mr. Robert Stenbeason, MP ; Meesrs, Boul:on and Wait, Mr. J. W. Bazalgette, kc, Mr. Brunel, to the regret of all, was prevented by indisposition from being present and sharing the festivity which marked the suc- ceseful completion of his grand idea. He was, howevar, reprenenied by Mr. Jucomb, who bas for him watched and superintended the building and completion of the ship from first to last. The first movement of the gigantic cranks and cylinders. of the paddle engines was made precisely at halt past one, when the great lowly rose and fell as noise- leesly as the engines of a Greenwich boat, but exorting in their great revolutions what seemed to be an almost irre eiatible power. There was no noise, no vibration, nor the slightest sign of beating, and the tremendous frame of ironwork sprang at once into life and motion with as much care as if every rod and crank bad been worked for the jaet ten yeare. The steam in the boilers was about twen- ty one pounds, but, asa matter of course, the engines wore turned but slowly, never exceeding six revolutions per minute. Even with this slow motion and the slight immersion of the paddie fionts, the effect of the enormot power Was at once visible upon the ehip. The great mooi ing chains astern were tightened to the utmost, and it seemed as if even Trotman’s anchors themselves would yield under the strain, Wortunately, however, these bela fast, and then the screw engines wero got into «motion, working ship astern, #0 ag to counteract the effect of the paddies, These latter engines worked with the same marvel Jour eaze and ; there was no noise, no sign of hot bearings, and the resul¢ was considered by ali the engincers on bosrg to be satisfactory in the very highest degree, and far ond what could have been expected, When the engines ‘been tested to the utmost to which they could be tried with a veesol at her moorings, all the visiters adjourned to saloons, whore a magnificont cold collation had been laid out by Mr. Quartermaine, This, in epite of the rather pan; atmosphere which had been evoked from the Thames by the movement of the screw dies, soon received ample justice, and at its cor py Mr JR. Campbell, the managing director of the company, and the time the first don of the ship was started, olght years ago, has worked untiringly to carry it outto its present completion and perfection, gave the usual Joyal and patriotic torts with much force and ag Mop Mab h A aap Mi dtea utmost enthu- siasm, apd duly respon 4] Ravy by Sir Charis Ni Bulkeley, General A Lord Braniay, in proposing the toast of the day, said:— Tam afraid, gentiowsen that to's very large nctaber of those whom I attempt to address I shall, of necessity, be altogether inaudible; but I now rise to take upon myself a task which, imposed as it is upon me by those who have rigbt to claim my humble services, I do not feel myself at )berty to dec}ine, and which I undertake upon the pro- sowt occasion with more than common pleasure, (Cheers ) t,t te, Gentlemen, ! think we wbo mgst bero to-day will nlf agree that we ought not to part witbous oxgresstog bust which T know a sll of Us thivk aud foal with regard to ihe magoificens veon*! #ich we have brea permined thie Cay {0 inepect, apd the ROA! Uoderiaking wien Loat ves nel hae been constructed y° Carry out; snd of the eaergy Ad perseverance of those b,” W501 that nadertaking Bas been curried to is preseat pot Cf success (Curere ) You bave all beara or read what t20 Groat Basra bas been built to do, und wt are the peca- Ker qvalifications which she poem ees for doing that work. You are aware that ant i cals lated, secording 10 the reckouing of her prijectors, to mak the pattoge from England to Calcutia in thirty ‘aree dass We kuow that sbe is intended to carry ner cous both for the outward and the howeward Voyage, 20 atte Bavy tbat eDormous tine und expense whicd at present arire, of neccesity, for establishing cowl depots tn disaut Parts of the worid, .You know tbat she is Cuiculated to carry & population of py ipg her cre y bas ese ng to bave the Great Exatern iocluted in the new refurm bil, in the list of Parliamentary boroughs for the new scuedule. (Laughter). You are aware of the cirou: uD which tbis great eaterprise has been Undertakea. You enterprive shull sncceed—snd. we aif kvow eg it [me kvow that nothing has been left undo: ipeure auccess tbat can be effected by inventive. gent by ae chapical skill und by stoady persoveranco through anex. ampled diflloulties—you know, Leay, thatit this experimest aucoveds—and far be it from mx, epoaicing im this room, te anticipate any other result (choers)—sit will coustivute ome of the mcot remarkable experiments of the time in whic we live It will achieve great results for commerce and for civilization. It will have reduced by one-half the dis- nee in pont of time which now divites coutineute sad von, which nature bas separated by {otervem Oceans, but which science and trade ura,-«4t, were, toad bg, in despite of nature, to une, cove You kaow tht if this grand experiment aucceeds, it will be a greaver stop, @ gresier progress in the art of ship vuilding, tana bas ever been sccomplished in one generation from tue day when man firsi began to traverse the sea. You know that if the experiment succeeds it will render the passage over the stormy ocean to remote countries as easy and as tree trom the discomfort to the landeman, and even to the andswoman—(a laugh)—as the ordinary railway train is Bt prevent. (( You know aiao, that the exvert- ment, tf is succeeds, will stimulate and develope trade to 4p almost incalculable extent; that it will epabic (bis country, if unhappily the occasim sbould again arise, to pour into our great pire of the Esst reinforcements and ald with « pidity equal to that of the overland line, and by a route whic Eogland bas always claimed as her own pecullar highway, and over which no foreign poteutate fan exercise control. (Cheers.) I would say, also, that the cuccecs of this undertaking will—{ do not say tend to solve tbat Ei, Political probiem of our time which tg koown og the Eastern question, but at least tnat it will Tccaer the solutvon of that problem a question of far less practical importance to Eogland thea it is at present, (Cuvere.) Because it is well ized and understood by soy Engiish etatesman thatthe principal interest--[ ‘ te interest, but by far the principal in- ch Engiand bay in Egypt and the countries im. mecracely adjoining Rgypt, arises from the neceseity of perveceing atali times wnd under all circunstancer am up utorrupted and rapid cammunicution with the Brities porecesions in India, That comuunication it is now prepozed to suyply with greater indepeadence end ‘Wi'o equal raptaty by @ new line, and, go far, it is baidiy too much tw sey that you will have for plectical purposes superseded the overland route. (Cheers) I beed say no more with respect to tais lwrerieking, but I may be permicted before I sit aowa, ano before! give you the toast which T iatend to propose, which is “Proggerity to the Great Evatern” (cheere)—L many be, I say, permitted for an wataat to advert to ih awe of ® gettlemun who ig at the bead of this uader taxiog. We are wil aware iuat the enterprise which has now 80 nearly reached its completion was oot mtvended tarougtout with uot» oken prosperity avd guccees, Taere wns 4 time of difficulty, a time of despougenoy—a time When gucceag evomed doubiful and {ailare more than pre- ba! aud at spat time ar. Campbeil ano bis colleagues cape torword Thay brovght taeir commercial kuow- ledgo to bear, their Knowledge of we requirements of Tu- dae and of Evgleh commerce, and they undertook to im- sure the commercial succcas of oe work provided mocha- pica) BnCCess Wag asBUred (cheers): wud they induced the Capitalisi of the couatry to place faith in their exertions, no tbe veeult !aibat which you now see aronnd you la. cay. (Loud cheers.) I beg to proyase, and f think we abi ald give it it with all bovors, “Prosyerity to tae Great Eabieyn,’” and with that toast [shali coupie the name of ‘Mr. Campbell and the directors. Mr. CAMPBELL acknowloaged the toast, and pointed out thst jf the great ship hac been completed two yoars age hundsed of lives and literally millions of treagure would bave been spared ta the late mutiny in India, He said, epeaking of the Great Haatern acting as a kind of railway vetsoen this country and India, thet it appeared to be « sind of law that great discoveries were made just at the crisical moment When the machinery of the world could not yop emvothly without them. When they considered thet the trade of the East represented the waate of searly halt the homan race, and wag even then of the anaual vine of £50,000,000 sterling, it was not an exsggeration to say that, eizn the expansion which must taxe place throogt raiways, colonization and the entire broak of uil kinds of checks to commerce, the great ship —_ So when she became a necessity. (Loud cers. The Wheat Crop in England. WILL GREAT BRITAIN REQUIRE WHEAT FROM THIS country ? ; Cammunce —The crops bid fair to be good, and the ratn which fell last week has beon of great service both to corn and tho gieon crops. Doncastex.—Notwithstanding that farmers have during the past week been superintending harvest operations, ths yield of which for this district will be highiy entis- factory, we had a very iarge supply of wheat to day, wo- gether with one or two samples of new. Former quota- tious were asked for, but the large stock offered had the éficet of counteracting any upward tendency in price. Deany.—The fineness of the weather during the week has cnabled farmers in the forward districts o commence harvest operations. Grocesrrr.—Tbere was a large eupply of samples om ofier, and among them ® good many of new whoat aud barley, some of which were sold. Generally the sample ig pot £0 gooa as last year, beivg rather coarser and thicker in toe bran. Noawict —The new wheats are considered in many in- ces 10 be inferior in quality to those of last year. The ricys are likely to turn out much thinner than was an- pated rome time since. It ts feared a considerable portion will be of this quality in some parts of Norfolk. ‘The weather this week up to Thursday evening was fine for cutting grain. Since then some quantity of rain has falien, which we consider wi)) retard field operations. NoruxcHaM —In this neighborhood the crops nave not Teveived much damage by heavy raing, and from present appearances a good yield may be expected, although not equal to last year. In the gouthers districts 0: the county ‘he growing crops have been injured by thunder storms, in come places, however, an excelieat yield is auticipated, Bariey is.on the whote, premising; saiaples will, however, oe ubeven. Osts have beea cul, aud many fields have been housed. The crops are woil spoken of. Spring sown bene are also expected to yield well, Oxrorp —The prevailing opinion is that the present ‘whee, crop i8 not #0 good In quality as that of last year. A great number of fields of all kinds of grain bave in ths neighborhood heen well housed, and more would have deen but for the shortness of hands. READING.—-At present the yield {ia differently esti. mated, come farmers expressing an omnion that it will de Jers tban average, while otbors think it will be quite, if not a littie more, than average. RockesreR.—The weather during the past week hag been extremely favorable for harvest operations, and reaping bas become general in thie neighborhood, a con- sicerable quantity of wheat having been already secured in spicndid condition. The crop throughout the Weald wil be fully an average one, but the quality of the wheat is not considered to be #0 good as that of many former years. : YorK.—The heavy storms have caueed great damage to the growivg crops in this county, bat have been pro- ductive of benefit to grass, turnips and mangold. Interesting Emigration Returns. {from the London Times, Aug 9.] A compact pocket blue book, of 240 pages, published on Friday, contains the 19th General Report of the Emigration Commissioners (1859). The report, comparing the emi- gration of 1856, 1867, and 1858, attempts to account for the striking decline noticeable {n the number of persous emigrating from the shores of Albion, for Inst year it foll to 149,072 from 212,88 im 1867 (this fatter figure, too, ox- hibitirg a great difference as compared with proceding years). The commercial crisis of 1857 and the distress im the Australian colonies are aald to have been causes greatly instrumental of late in deterring persons from leaving home to try their chance across the Atlantic or at the distant antipodes. Inere was also @ great de- mand for men in England. But a more satisfactory and permanent cause of vase is to be found, says the re. port, in the altered condition of Ireland. In 1851 not less paviha e of the whole number who left the kingdom were Iris! Since that period the ya Age hatjgradually declined until, in 1860) it was only 4 per cent, or two-fifths the emigration, while in 1858 it fell to 88 per cent. The consequent cauge here at work is to be found in the Insreas- ed prosperity of the working Classes in Ireland, and the constant absence of any inducement to emigrate, That it arises from no want of means to it for passages is evi- dent from the remittance of £472,610 for the purposaof facilitating the emigration of friends god rolations during the year 1858. Tho mortality on boafd omigrant ships to North America is declining year by year; from to 1868 it fei! from 074 to 019 per cent. ‘thef13,972 eml- grants last year, 9.704 went to British North America, 59,716 to the United States, and 39,295 to Auatratia; 60,309 Germans emigrated from Gormany toall parts of the worid in the same period—a great falling off a’ compared with previcus years, The cause of this decline cannot be as- signed With certainty at prosent. 17,207 emf- grants to Australia last year paid their own Parssger, and 15,910 were assisted. 18,841 emi- grants returned ast year from America, and 4,863 from Australia and New Zoaland. The raurn of emigrants from America is u » No doubt, to the commercial distress which during last year prevailed in the United States and British Ne America, and paralysed the usual means of em; The amatlor number who returned from Australia consist, probably, of persons who, having acquired property, have come back to enjoy it inthe mother country. Dr. Normandy’s apparatus for distilling froah from sen water has been tried and found to be go satisfactory tl Jt will bo used henceforth all Passongor ships i Canada. Nay, . or emi are Dot very encoursging just at prerent. The redundancy in mechanics and artizans’ labor continues,fand ¢an- not be provided for at that ‘tho newly once, 80 arrived will find it difficult’ to obtain situations. Persons of no calling or experience in work are eolemn- ly and emphatically warned that there is no chauco what- over for them in Canada, Capital, or the means of bor, (s Indispenenble. Farmors posreryod of £809, pra.