The New York Herald Newspaper, July 25, 1859, Page 4

NEW YORK HERALD. Jats Goa Doe OBNABRT®., BN OR AN) PROPRIETOR, OFFICE &. W. COPNKS OF FULTON aND NASSAU STP FERS cosh a advance Money sont by wath will be at the wick / he ntuler” Postage stamps wot receined as subserotion money VUE VAILY if THE WE, Ltr tia vente per copy 8. por annum RALD. cvery Saturdow fate por pein Kaitom every Wekuce day ‘a ft rw av prot at fom cents per er ‘$M per PUR PANT YHERALD opy_ 07 $2 per annum VOLUNTARY CORRESPONDENCE meine solicited from any quorter of the world Mbevuly paid fur eg Pokroteasty om Weeknvadday menining nportant aontny wuptinl & Fomeam SRO ROTHD PO PRAL ALL We do wot nomyineus correspondence wreturn vgjected vo ADV EATISEME ery day, advertisements t% edn o viety Mewacn and inthe tions ‘with mousness, cheapness amt de CMUREMPNTS THIS RVENTIO ARDEN Broadway 7 < Forry Wings—Boaton’s New Yorn Dae korors BoWssY THEATAE, Kowery—Hrpoes Bawo—Wrorde Mone WALLANKIS THEATHE, Broadway —Temrrarton— Las Boor RAL ORAL PBEATHK Chathem stret.—Daeaw Srec eee Macio Pris BaRNOMS AMEROAN MUSEUM, Broadwey,—After cer snd Reentoe Wewan Ter Wizerd Ww. © MINSTRET, BUTELDING, 561 and 563 Broadway— ar B SONGS VANOAS to MeDOULY AnaBS PALACK GAKDRN At GAil, Pourteanty atreet ~ CONCERT EAD SONAR VANS RTE Paip 25 IN5B, Pane Sew Dork He for Rurope be Cunard vost! steamsnip Canada, Capt Lang, wit feave Keston or Wednesday for Liverpool! 6 1p sais city this af. to go by ratiroad, and mi patie wil Toe Caroyean fernoon, at bal! past one orey five o'cioek, to go by steam bout fos uroreae @ntOO Of the HERALD Will BE OUDiKDEK Ak GO OOK Ih the MorDIng — Single CUDIER, W weRL—ERE. wx conte svimerigoonk apd adwertixementa for Aay edition of the Mee Voek charm will be recerwed at the followma placer ne LORDOS... Semi pron et Lad.ate Bulb Lansing, S Fi iam aersee vase Laonox A pian Ge 4 Bourne EyveeP000 Let on NO 9 onapei area R otua ge wreck, Kast & 1. 2) Roe Cornstile, ange & Do, editioe of che HmKALD wil iaceia caote ne Owe reveled DY mail aod twlograpn at the smg Soe previous week and np wo the Door ef Whe PUditeavion The steamship North Briton arrived off Farther Point early yesterday morning. She left Liverpool on the moruing of the 15tb,and the news which w epresd before the public this moraing is conse: quently four days later, The North Briton brings the important intelli gence of the termimation of the war in Earope,and that a treaty of peace had been concluded between France and Austiia. The two Emperors had an interview at Villafranca on the morning of the Lith instant, and a peace was concluded, according to adespatch from Napoleon to the Empress, on the following basi “The IStalian Confederacy, under the honorary presidency of the Pope; the Emperor of Austria concedes his rights ia Lombar- dy to the Emperor of the French, who transfers them to the King of Sardinia; the Emperor of Aus tria preserves Venice, but she will form an integral part of ile Italian Confederation.” Consols rose in London on the receipt of the peace news to 96}, but its full effect on the money market had not been ascertained when the steamer feft. Commercial enterprise was expected to be. come active, and lead to a higher value of money. The di-count market was well supplied with money, and first class bills were taken at 24 perceat. The cotton market firm, and rates at last advices snstained, Breadstuffs in Liverpool were dull, aad flour was offered at lower rates. In the House of Commons that body agreed to the amendment of the Atlantic Telegraph bill, as also to the government guarantee to the Red Sea Tele- graph Company. Mr. Ward, the American Minister to China, had leit Hong Kong for Shanghae. He was expected to proceed to Pekin in company with the English Minister. Nothing was knowa as to the intentions ot the French Minister, who was at Macao. The Amerivans had chartered a light dranght English Steamer to proceed up the Pei-ho, carrying the American flag. The Mississippi, Powhatan and Toewan were at Shanghar. & Turkish with 350 passengers on board, is reported to have been lost on her way to Constantinople, and 77 of the passengers to vi perished The Christian passengers were assas givated and plundered by the Turkish crew during the salvage. Another steamer, with 350 passengers from Constantinople, had not been heard of. ‘The steamship New York left Soathampton for this port on the 12th inst. The Anglo-Saxon, from Queb rrived at Liverpool on the Lith. By the arrival of the bark Rowena at Philadel- phia, and of other vessels at this port, we have news from Venezuela to the oth of July. The republic continned a prey to anarchy. Armed factions overran it, Puerto Cabello had beeu attacked by one of these bands, some people murdered and robbed, and others terribly frightened. Business was at a standstill, and many families were leavir the country. The renowned General Paez, becom ing disgusted with the condition of affairs, which he steamer, could not remedy, again bade farewell to his country and returned to the United States. He arrived in the bark Rowena, with several other Venezuelans. Belore leaving he issued a farewell address, which, with other important and interest- ing matter, we pyblish to-day. Our correspondent at ¢ ives, writing on the 13th inst., says that provisions were in good sup- ply, with a moderate demand. Produce was gener- ally scarce, owing to heavy rains and bad roads. Coffee $1 35 to $140 per 100 Ibs. currency. Log- wood $55 do. per 1,000 Ibs. Country q The new law changing the export duty on coffee from the fifth to $175 Spanish per 190 Ibs. went into operation on the 10th inst. News was ri dat Gonaives that the government storehouse for cof fee at Port au Prince, was buraed on the 8th inst., wilh 2,000 b. cotlee. Virgima Stewart, the courtezan who was sho vadway on Satarday by her paramour, Rube Jonuld, still lies in a precarious coud ew York Hospital. e had somewl vived late last night, but little hope of her recovery is entertained by the surgeons, who have been un- able to extract the bullet, which is sapposed to be lodged in the so»stance of the brain or in the back of the head. Mac i was removed to the Tombs yesterday, w he was waited upon by severe] of his friends, with wh e freely conversa ed on the subject of his inear making fre quent inquiries after the fate of his nyist . All the details of this shocking affair are gi a. where. No further attempts than during the past three Bandays were made yesterday to enforce the Sun- Gay laws, Mr. Pillsbury, the Police Superintendent not having yet issued any new edict. Nearly allthe Jiquor saloons and low groggeries were shut, and there were but few arrests for drunkenness and di orderly conduct. We give elsewhere a report of how the law was generally ob:erved in different rections of the city, from which it will be seen that the sule of lager beer and the dispensing of sacred music have not yet been interfered with, We also give the decision of Jndge Thompson, of Philadel phia, in the case of the Sunday railroad cars, At Jones’ Wood yesterday it was estimated that from fourteen to sixteen thousand people were as- senbled to listen to the grand sacred concert which closed the mammoth musical festivals and fetes ch mpétre of last week. We give a description of the affair, Thousands isited the Central Park also, and were highly delighted with ‘ts beautiful appointments, Advices from Sagua la Grande to the Lith inst, state that the amount of sugar in that port for shipment was about 7,000 hbhds., 3,000 of which were in the hands of planters. Our Wyandotte correspondent continues his re_ port of the proceedings in the Kansas Constitu. tional Convention, The debates on the subject of excluding negroes and mulattoes from the beuefit of the school funds, and on the adoption of a draft of a bill of nights, are very interesting. An “ Englishman” in Hamilton, C. W., with a large party there, now cry out for a dissolution of the union with England, and demand a free system of self-government, asserting their claims to man_ age their own affairs as well as the people of Italy, We publish 2 letter to-day from our Havana oor yespondent which gives details of the news by the Quaker City which apjeared in our paper yester- day. An order from Spain directs the formation and distribution of a large force of negro and mu- tatto militia all over Cuba, ‘The exercises on Commencement Day in Hamil- ton College, Clinton, N. Y., are fully reported in this day's paper. A notice of the different orations ind the names of the orators and a list of the gra- duates are given also. Phe co!ton market oo Saturday continued Grm, witn ales of shout 2.000 bales, closing on the basis of 12 cents for iddiog uplands The four market disolayed increased wily while most dexcriptions, bowever, were heavier bd ensier, Wheat was beacy and lower, but rather more active at the decline. Among the transactions worg ordinary 10 prime red Southern at $1 16a $1 39, white do. 41 8180 new white Kentucky at $1 40.0 $1 69, new rod ‘ong Ieiapd ai $1.31, apd old Michigan at $1 25, aad ni cog spring at 70o Corp was heavy and cheaper, with mocerace sales, Pork was heavy and lower, but with more Coing, iD oer! to Ol contracts Sales of new mons wore mune at $16 50 a $15 6234, thin moss at $1470, and prime at $11 Beef and lard were also beavy, #i h mote Ae trapraciions. Sugars were steady, with sales of 722 hhds , cb efly grocery goods of Cuba, and 500 boxes for xXport Coffe was qviet,aad prices unchanged, Froight xagements were moderate, whie rates exhipited no water alteration, Starulig News from Europe—Peace Pro claimed, When Sebastopol fell, and the news was re- scived that the French Emperor had sought au armistice, the world was astonished. When, af ter the victory of Solferiao, the intelligence was promulgated that be had asked for and obtained another armistice, when apparently in the very tide of success, it was more astonished still What will it say now, when the news brought by the Nortb Briton last night is known, that the Emperors Louis Napoleon and Francis Joseph, ata personal interview in Villafraaca, on he Lith of this month, have concluded a peace? And upon what terms? All Italy is to be elevated into a confederation, with the Pope as honorary President. Austria is to retain poasesaion of Venetia, including the fa- mous quadrangle with its four impregnable for- tresses, but as an ‘ntegral portion of the Italian confederation, with Francis Joseph as its King. Lombardy is conceded to the Emperor of the Freveb, who, in conformity with his declaration that “Austria should rule to the Alps or Italy be free to the Adriatic,” transfers it to Victor Emanuel Such are the bases of the peace as telegraped to Paris by Louis Napoleon himself A startling result of the campaign, truly, and one spat recalls with speculative wonder the lan- guage of those brilliant proclamations which the French Emperor enunciated from Milan when he spoke of the dawning hopes of Italian indepen- dence, atd reminded his soldiers that the spirits of their fathers were looking down upon them from the heights of heaven approvingly on their efforts in behalf of liberty. To the wars of the old Napoleon the Austrian generals were wont to complain that he fought and beat them in defiance of all the rules aud regulations of war—tbat when they had whipped him secundum artem, he bad, contrary to all art and rule, most provokingly whipped them. Woat Napoleon the First was in war, Napoleou ibe Third appears to be in diplomacy. Witb bim all the old rales which govern antiquated tatesmausbip are thrown aside as an incum brapce in the achievement of important results, avd a new mode of settling the difficulties of nations is introduced, which astonishes the world with a enccession of brilliant diplomatic coups, producing a startling effect upon the public mid, and effecting a wondrous revolation in the old system of red-tapeism and circumlocatory statesmanship. It may be that Louis Napoleon has done the best thing he could do under the extraordinary circumstances which surrounded bim: the threatening attitude of Prussia; the mediating influences of England; the dis inclination of Russia to sanction an appeal to the Hungarian nationality; and last, and most embarrassing, the complic«tion in which the po- | sition of the Pope, as a temporal sovereign, in- volerd hia, Asfor his mission regarding the freedom of all Italy, his diplomatic combinations with Kossuth and the other Hungarian leaders, and the future prospects of Garibaldi and his volunteer legion s—these are matters which time must explain aod develope. It appears, that by the terms of the armistice agreed to at Villafranca on the Sth by the re- presentatives of the three belligerent Powers, the Austrians were to be permitted to provision the four fortresses of the quadriiateraL But three day after the armistice was signed the two Emperors bad a personal interview, at which the terms of peace, us above stated, were mutually | agreed to, by which we behold Pius the Nintb, whote arrival off Sandy Hook as an exile it wus thougbt might have been daily announced, | is now placed, nominally at least, at the head of | *faire, not onty in the Papal States, but in alt | Sialy, the ruler of twenty-six millions of people. Verily, the war in Italy bas come to an ua- | looked for avd incomprehensible termination. " Bot whet fs in the future? NEW - YORE, H ALS), Address of President Suarez to Mexter— ation Of the True Revolution of tnat KI ‘The address of President Jnarez to the people of Mexico, which we give elsewhure to-day, aa bounces a radical change in the political, sosial and financial ideas that have hitherto ruled ia that repuotic. A pew policy of government for the State, the cburch wid the army is annonneed, and a por tion of the decrees necessary for earabbshing it have been irsned. The chief poivts of this policy may be eummed up 4s foltows:— Complate separa tion of Chnreb and State, and the suvremoy of the civil tribunals over the clerey and the | militery ; the suppression of all monasteries, brotherhoods, and other ecclesiastical ass yctw tions ; the expropriation in behalf of che nation of the possessions of the charch; tbe eatablishinent of an equality Of religious worship before the law ; the application of the church property to the extinction of the national debt and the vast pension list of the country; the codification of the Inws; trial by jury; the extinction of alt class privileges; the establishment of a system of commou schdola; the abolition of tuxes on transfers of property—those on the transit of merchandise and on the prodace ot the mines; the promotion of immigration, acd aradical change in the fiscal system of the gov- ern it. These are weighty changes in the policy of that so long miagoverned country, and involve, in fact, its true revolution, which has never beeo effected, although it ceased to be a coloay nearly forty years since, and has experienced many po- Vitical changes during that time. We are in- formed that this address is the production of Senor Lerdo de Tejada, the present Minister of Fivance for Mexico, and forme bis plan for the regeneration of bis country. He ison his way here to seek the means to carry it out, avd is probably pow in Waxbiogton to confer with our government on the subject. That Mexico coa- taios abuadant elements for the construction of 4 great and prosperous country, ander the rale of Nbersl ideas avd enlightened and skilful gov- ernment, there can be no doubt, But for the es- tablishment of these, and to overcome the reac- tionary forces that exist within berself, she re- quires money and a physical force from here ov which such a goveromentcan rely for its perma Hence, until the pecessary reterms can he establish- ed and produce fruit. Whether Senor Lerdo can present to our Capitalists combinations that will command their confidence remains to be seen. Our letters from our correspondents at Vera Cruz and Monterey show how little unity of action there is ia the struggle now going 00 iu Mexico, The Northern States of that republic seem to be entirely independent of any central power, and the others are ali pulling different ways. Thus, Vidaurri is sending his secretary here to bay arms and seek for help ; Pequeira, the Governor of Sonora, and who has just coa- quered Sinaloa for himself, bas sent an agent to San Francisco on a like mission. General Degojlado, shortly before giving up the com- mand-in-chief of the army, sent a negotiator bere, who, we believe, is still in this vicinity, We also give elsewhere to-day a letter of General Miramon, which bas been intercepted and published by the government of Mexico. It was written to General Robles, directing him bow to proceed with the five millions in specie that recently caused so much trouble. The General does not seem to have a very high opi- nion of the British Minister’s diplomatic capacity, for he says he shall reply to Mr. Otway’s recla- mations by sending him some of his own notes. ‘The letter is a curious one, inasmuch as it shows his character, and how lightly he is disposed to regard sffairs of the highest import. Mexico is now undergoing a crisis in her fate, and the result of the negotiations in this country will determine whether she will be regenerated by the new ideas enunciated by her statesmen, or whetber she is to be given over to worse anarchy than any she has yet experienced, de stroying her existing society and material inte- rests, and, perhaps, also the elements necessary for their reconstruction. Tue Kansas Constrrvtioyat Convention— Moke Acrration.—From the proceedings thus far of the Kansas Constitutional Convention, in which the republicans have an overwhelming majority, there is reason to fear that the aboli- tion leaders and managers of that majority will contrive to make such an unconstitutional con- stitution as to render its acceptance by Congress an absolute impossibility. For example, it is provided in the bill of rights, as reported by the committee, that ‘“‘no indenture of any persons, made and executed out of the bounds of the State, shall be valid within the State, if incon- sistent with the laws thereof;” and as the said bill of rights further declares that there shall be no flavery, &c., in the State, we see here a sweeping arrangement for the nullification of the Fugitive Slave law. Of course the abolition framers of this State constitution, knowing that it must be rejected by Congress if in violation of the supreme law of the land, must have some otber motive in this work than the admission of Kaneas into the Union. Their object is the re- jection of their constitution and another agita- tion of “bleeding Kansas,” the “outrages of the sjave democracy” and the despotism of “the slave power.” Very well. We shall await the upsbot of this Wyandott Convention with com- parative indifference; for, while with a decent conetitution the State will be admitted, she will be exeluded if the application for admission shall depend upon the nullification of the constitution of the United States, and the American people will say amen! And go Jet these abolition con- stitution tinkers in Kausas look well to what they are doing. Tue Crxcixnatt PLatrorm —The Washington Constitution reaffirms the Cincinnati platform ; the Richmond Enquirer demands the Cincinnati plat- torm ; the Chevalier Forney swears by the Cin- civpati platform; Wise, Douglas, Jeff. Davis, Slide}, aod a the leaders and cliques of the democracy, insist upon the Cincinnati pla'form Why not, then, agree on all sides to readopt the Cwweipnati platform at Charleston? Very true, General Bowman saye, it means non-interven- tion with niggers in the Territories ; while Gov. Wise says it means a Congressional slave code ; and Judge Douglas says it is squatter sove- reigoty ; but what else than a platform admissi- be of all these iaterpretations will be available at Charleston? We ehould like to kaow. “Which of these,” said the conatryman to the mau of the menagerie, “ which of these is the bippopotemus, and which is the rbiaoceros?”s “ Either of them will do for the one or the other,” seid the considerate showman ; “ yon pays your money, avd you takes your choice.” So let it be with the interpretation of the Ciscionati play form. How elxe can there be harmony among the brethren? MONDAY, JUL Yee 26, 18! The Sis oy Lewes a d the Supreme Court of Pemnayivantns On another page we gublish the judgment of the Sopreme Court ef Pevusylvania, remand. ing to prison the driver of a city railroad car, and deciding that the driving of sucd cars ip the visinity of # place of worship on Sicday was a breach of the peace! Sormnge to say, this ‘Daniel come to judg env? adtwity that driving @ private vebdicle over the same road would not be a preach of the peace, for it would be only ap (ustant io passing, | and would pot be sufficient to distarb the cou- gregaona on the roam, whereas, tnese cara Poseiog every six minutes, would disturb them very muck, Such is tae learued logic of Judge Thompron. THe says:— fraveliing, oF riding for racreniton even, ip not a breaon Heath, an) PorRODR May wot Ne arrested fo the streets for such purpog-s Re di why, Ocosmoned DY Ube vaniole, Would 98 hat for sp etant, * # * Nor doT pehave to ths righy to wiTees for Roy Wordly basinoee, UDIeNS 10 CHsed wHFE LIE burners dope does actually diatucb the pase of tbe Beighborbood The fallacy of this reasoning is obvious, The driver of the railrond car would not oe guilty of @ breach of the peace af common law if it made to disturb any oue’s devotions eborch, but would be guilty of a breacd of the act of 1794 avast pursuing a worldly catliag op Sunday, and be liable to a tine of $4; though f it wade the greatest possible amount of note, but curried the pascengers gratuitously, be would be wuilty of a breach of the pewuce, but vot of violating the penal statute. Bat would not th” ariver of a hack conveying any persoa to cburch, or for recreation, be violating the statute, and would not a servant driving a family to eburch ow Sunaay be pursuing his worldly cailiog, aad be Jiable to @ fine of $4? The Court says people in their devotions are to be protected trom the » of public cars passing through the streets, And are pot the sick and dyivg equally entitled ro protection ageinst noise on the otber six days of the week? Judge Thompson admits that a person driving a vipgle vebicle commi's bo breach of the peace, Suppose private vebicles were to pass at the rate of Ove In every minute, which is quite possible (as avy ope may see by standing ou the Bloom ipgdale road in this city on Sunday); they woula sisturb the congregations just six times as much as the public vehicle, upd yet pone of them would be guilty of a breach of the peace, If every person wbo would ride in cars containing twelve, employed a vebicle for bimeelf, as he would bave a right to do accordiag to Judge Thompron, it would multiply the disturbauce at least twelve times, Yet none of these would be liable to prosecution for a breach of the peace. So far, therefore, from the public cars having the tendency to break the peace, by dis- urbing congregations, it would greatly dimiu- ish the eollective noise and disturbance in the streets to which every individual on his ewo book might legally contribute. So weak an ar- gument never came from a Supreme Court be- fore. According to the decision of Judge Thompson, any narrow-minded clergyman or sect may erect a church in a leading thoroughfare for the very purpose of preventing the running of cars, and thus all the thoroughfares ia the city, one by one, might be completely sbut up against the running of those public vehicles, even to bring people to and from church. A religion which is so over- bearing, so selfish, and eo unaccommodating to the freedom of other men, cannot be of God. Any observer will see in this city how mavy hundreds of people are carried to and from cburch by our city cars, how few they coutain during the hours of divine service, and how filled they are immediately after. This decision, there fore, affects the poor, and the sickly, aud females who are not able to walk in a broiling sun, aud cannot afford to keep or hire a cuarriave while the rich and the strong need no care a fig about it, Surely this is not or at Jeast ought not to be, the policy of the law. Then again the Court says that the churches have a right to the whole day, for it appears that the car in queation did not commence ravning till one o'clock, when service is over almost in every church. Now, the law that undertakes to inter- fere at all ought to interfere tocompel congreya. tions to hold their services at the same hours, say from ten to twelve o'clock; or if not, to let them euffer disturbance withont redress. Aod if the clergy, who always superiotead the buiid ing of the churches, would conetract them out of the maiv thoroughfares, they would show more of the genuive epirit of Christianity than the worla will give them credit for in this crusade against the rights of their fellow men. The effect of Judge Thompson’s decision wil) be to rouge the public mind of Pennsylvania against a statute which is but the leavea of the tyrappy of the Old World and of the days of religious persecution and intolerance, We trast it will soon be wiped from the statate book, where it isa disgrace to the spirit of the age, and that a law will be passed, not only permit. ting railroad cars in city and country to rua on Sunday, but compelling them to rua cheap trains for the accommodation of the poor This was the result in England of the pious crusade against Sunday travelliag, led by Sir Andrew Agnew in the British Parliament: apd now any one who reads the Londou Times can see numerous advertisements an nouncing cheap excursions by railroad on Sua” day. Thus it is that fanaticism defeats its own purpose. A ftew years ago the same fanatical spirit attempted to prevent bands of music in the parks of London on Sunday, and the government at tempted to prevent the assembling of the people by military and police; but such was the nnmis takeuble spirit manifested by the multitude thar the government wisely succumbed, and the popular cance triamphed over the aristocracy, who would monopolize music, und even the frex air of heaven if they bad the power. Here, in New York and Philadelphia, we have Sabbath Committees and Metropolitan Toquisi tions, and pious Pillsbnrys, and a pseudo artsto cracy, and a clergy who are behind the aye. imitating the woru out cant and fanaticism of the Oid World. But they cannot prevail agaiust the irresistible current of progress which 13 charac teristic of the times, As well might they at- teinpt to arrest the flowing of the tide with « pitchfork. The people in these days kuow their rights, and knowing, dare maintain them. Yesterday, in this city, the people enjoyed their liberty at the grand musical festival 4 Jones’ Wood, in the Nineteenth ward; and iv the Central Park, and in the Germau Garden , none daring to make them afrai And the cits cars were laden with the people going to and fro, Yet all was peace, and tranquillity, aud order, The people were bappy aod joyful, acd thus glorified God in a more acceptable way ‘ban by # long gloomy face and o oasal twang of the true Pharissicnl type, which rebuked Chrigt and bis diecipley for going. oat into the BO VOKe fidda op the Sabbath to enjoy the works of natore. Even Pillsbury abandoned hix vocation yesterday, and instead of pursning bis cxplonage on the lager beer saloons, sought the refreshiag breezes and green fields of the country. Commerctal # Mf whe Peace in Ltaiy, From the telegraphic news received by the North Briton we perceive that the effeot of tie pence ty Ttaly is bo raise the funds in Paria aad Lovdoo with a most extraordiaary and sudden bound. Britieh covsols went up nearly 2 por cept, and French restes 3} per cent, At the commencement Of hostilities con rols went down to 89 aud rentes to 60 sod 4 fraction. By the gradually aequired coa- Ndence that Eaglaud aod all Europe would vot be involved ip the war, consols afterwards im- vroved, aed by the success of the Freseh arms centres advanced. By the news of the armistice copsois were ratsed 1) avd 2 per cent, aad rentes 2} per cent, and pow they are at the high fpure of rentes 70, and covsols 96} The losses and gains by these tluotuations must have been vast. If any speculators to the secret they bave made tunes Bat, with or without any koewledge of what was about to ba announced to the world, many mast bave gained immensely, while others have beeo ruraed, This rise and fal of the barometer of the public fonds, through the operations of war and peace shows how litle confidence the people feel ia the stability of the bankrupt governments of Europe Very few Americans bave speculated in those funds, and the losses or guios on this side of the Atlantic will be amasll. But there will oe some severe losses 10 those who have speculated to # large amount 1 breadstoffs, which will now falb 10 their vormel figure, to the great benefit oF copsumers in the barge cities ‘mportant from Venezuela—Reeurn of Gen Peez to the United Staten, Ry the arrival of the bark Rowena at Phils deipbia, and of the T. B. Warson at tha port, we are ip possession of news trom Venezu: la up to the 9th of July. Anarchy continues to reign in that anforta nate republic Armed bands of factionists, un der chiefs of every hue and complexion, comant depredations, murders and robberies at all point= where the populace are not stropg enough to re peltbem. Evev Puerto Canello was uot free from the raveges of tbese political cut-throats who, uvder the commaud of a negro officer, pe vetrateé to the suburbs, robbed and murdered several white residents, frightened many familie: into leaving tbe city or taking refuge ‘o versels in tbe harbor, and were a last compelled to retreat to ihe mountaia fast vesses, where they entrenched themselves. Th~ peeple and police of Puerto Cabelio were under arms day and night, but tbe general goveroment is reported as having dove nothing to extermt- hate the malefactors, except to send commis- sioners to treat with them and to off-r them « fall amvesty, The object of Gen. Castro, who had resumed the functions of provisional Presi- d-nt—which he bad a few weeke before com- mitted to the hands of Senor Tovar—is said to have been to obtain the votes of these factioniate in the election that was about to take place for President ot the repnblic. But one of the wost interesting features of the news is the re-expatriation of General Paez, who had been recalled to bis country ‘last year after years of exile. The old chief leaves this time ot his own accord, becanse bis presence thera was made the pretext for accusing bim of ambitious views. So faras can be judged from the tone of the Venezvelao newspapers, the people there de plore the sad necessity which drove the brave coldier and statesman trom his home again; but ibere is no depending upon sucb people or their xoverpments. While Veneznela—the New Eog. land of South America—is a prey to anarchy, ber old liberator turps bis back upon such & peopl with dirguet, and comes ouce more to find a home aod a welcome with the generous and free people of the United States. Betore bis departare be isened 8 farewell address, which, with other in- teresting watter, we publish elsewhere. He anived in Phitedelppia as passenger by the bark Rowena ov Suturday Inst, being accompa nied by bis long tried friends, Seoors Rojas aod Comacho, and by several Venezuelan families who visit thie couutry for pleasure, for bos: ness, or for rafery. The anarcby which now exists in Venezuel is virtually a war of races, whereia the Africar Tt is fox tered by Castro himself, who expects throng! it to be able to obtain the Presidency for four years; and it may be tbat the pious aud fashiow wble pbilantbropists of Exeter Hail leod i secretly their conntenauce and support. Whar a pity that eo fine a country should be cursed with such a people. breatens to overrun the Cancasian, AmeERIcan Prisoners tn Perv—We publisr to.day in another column a characteristic letter from Captain Jeffereon, who has bi 80 Jonp vonfined in Callao, and also one from other Am ricans, still imprisoned there, We have on reveral former occasions referred to the case of Captain Jefferson, and if be owes his liberty, as he seem to think, to the influence of the New York He- RALD, We are glad that it bas been in our power to exercire it in behalf of an American citizen ir a foreign prison. We know nothing of the case of the other prisoners Perhaps the goveroment is ib posession of all the necessary iatormation trom our Minister in Lima. Iu regard to thi- offiver, however, we regret to be compelled to ade that the testimony of many of our citizens why have visited Peru leads us to believe that ir would not be prejadicia! to our national in- terests or to those of our citizens if he were transferred to some other position, or permitted to visit the United States, from which he has been absent so mauy years, Tur Position or THe ARMIES WHEN Pract was CoxcLupED — We present our seadera to day with an accurate map of the famons strategic quadrangle in Lombardo- Venetia, within the for treeses acd etrong places of which the Austriaas bad been forced to retire previons to the peace just unnovuced. Should a peace Congress have eusted upon the temporary cessation of hostiti. ties, the great qnestion upon which the basis of peace wonld turn weuld most probably have heep the retention of this square for Anstria, with the abandonment of Lombardy, and the definition of the boundsries of Germany by the Miocio, an arrangement now accomplished by the terms of peace agreed to, Ip any event the strategic qnadrangle occu- pied an important place, and onr readers will find in the map an excelent guide to the proper understanding of its value ia the campaign just concluded, and the importance of ite possession by Austria ia the future disposition of tha Ltalian ‘erritory. The Dregedy ox yetatideitiy nod The morder of bry miniress by & Sok te TObm Dh, ab tne yoer of Beaadway wood Ona su 1, OW Saruidiay, 18 the frosbeost horror the mane whieh veriodioully ehartte Wie te oe of Hie metropens Tote redid that Moar cides airing fom the pete Caure—alleyer? bo wa on ihe porons hese woole fe parce very te Aud very Cruleasion te Lntitkedtiy —are tw New York, We of Swele Norman, who shot que ab romember the dase her paramour, & mercheat, ob (ie siepo of the Astor flawe, and Axaio that of was rho! oe wwistresa dn tp ifod Horde — boo Inorders Orgivating ie jealousy and eum andag ln revenge, In the recent care toe viotiag was the Keeler of @ house ot prostitution im Mobite, wud ped lived with the au Ty JOr Bye OF BLX years, bearing kia two coildrea to that period Que would BUPpOre that fidehios would be the bees quality to exp Ww ohe WhOee wade of bine ab Most DeMaDoLd ‘ad she Khould be tatbleos, yew It appears that the equelly auforfmnwe sud foolish mab #ho DOW lies ID prison with « Cours of murder over bie bead was driven desperee at diecovering tbat what he seemed to taney @ goodly apple was rotmen at tbe core, 4s octet apples of the Rome eprcies are; wud, ta the ‘eve aud madness of di-apporntment, he shot het throngd the brain, aud attempted to pertorm the same office for browelf In all the bivody atlairs of rhis kind which nave been # bine days wouder io this city, ether tae pe’ petrators or the vicoms have oven meu of the world, mercbants, persous deleved vO possess orn” mon sepse, abd Hie of that Been seusionity which is supposed iv novels to produce brok o bearts or disordered brains, And it is siaager still wat they who are toemrelves Gabitualy iv ipg mm violation of moral law aud the wise regulations of society should Avew toa) viobatou in o:bers worthy of a Vivicut deni. As aon S0W, 60 Shull Wey reap; abd he WO “yaruers 4p io bis beart” toa) which is nOvorwusiy font ave unfaitbiu) cannot expect that party crimes will either gurity or redeem her AD emmnent scientitic wriver remaike, chat matter bow muby and bow grave whe the same errors ap0 crimes ovcur iu +xwily ne same proportion one year after the other tively to the populativa. Tats ooservation -eeane to be accurately troe with repard to rim 5 iv New York. No experience, a0 cawtou, wo cera knowledge of the results, appear to deier wo trom the commission of great crimes Avd to: crime of murder from motives of jeaiousy ani vengeance, atiniog out of tatidelity Deiwerm Une sexes, has become the most treqaent of avy. Tue Brimish Musistée In Mexico Catasy to Account By His Govexsment —From vur tis of Epgtish papers brought oy the Africa, we tind that Lord Jobo Russell stated ia toe House ot Commons tbat Mr, Orway, the British Miuiscer at the city of Mexico, bud obtatued toave of absence in order to retoro to Loudon to aurwer ihe cvarges preferrcd against bim by the Kugtesb mereisats io Mexico—charges which weot to show thas ae permitted Engiish subjects to be rovbed and murdered with impunity by the party of Mira mon, witb whom be bad 60 much ivflaeoce; and furtuer, thyt he was ou too iutimate terms itn that military despot, thus throwtag the moral weight of Evgtand into the scale of the cnaren party, aud aiding it to over uro the cousin tioval party and to re-establish the retyo of ty- ranny, after the expenditure of 80 wuch blood and treasure in the cause of freedom. Mr. Otway, of course, denies the charges made against bim; but Lord Joho Russell regrets to say. that he bas pot estered sofully into purticulare a8 to show that he is in the right and the Britieh mercbante in the wrong. H-uce his leave of absence, whicb we trust will end in his removal, for there can be no doubt that he has systemati- cally prejudiced the cause of liberty in Mexico, and lept bimself to the side of despotism, thas prolovging a war whicb would have been loug since ended, bad he either remained neutral, or teken the same side as the United States Minister bas taken, the side of Juarez aod constitutional governwent, which would be more in conformity with the spirit of British in- stitutions than to bolster up a system of military apd ecclesiastical despotism. Lord Palmerston’s government deserves great credi! for demanding a strict acconnt from Me. Otway. Other governmevts would have paid no attention to the remonstrances which indased this investization, aud would bave permiited ise representative to continue abusiog his trust, or, perbaps, bave secretly instructed bim to back the wrong tide, in the interest of despotic zo- vernment and in opposition to the influence of the United States. This act of the British government is catva- lated to bave au important besring upon the struggle now going forward ta Mexico, contributicg in no small degres to termiuate the intestive sanguinary strite and the horrible avarcby which are dvsolatiog that besutiful laud, and to establish bot only peace and law and or- der, but the vecepdancy of tree iostitutivns 1a a country in which the people of this republic necessarily take @ deep intercat. Mexico & our bearest Soutbern neighbor, separated from us partly by the Rio Grande, and for the rest ouly by an imapinary jive. It is natural that we should desire to see her free, not only for ber own sake, bot for ours. It is not for the iaterest of the United States to bave a despotic govern. ment ov its frontier ia alliavce with the despots of Europe. We trust that the British goveroment will follow up its very judicious aud praiseworthy uction by appointing a successor of the rivkt stamp ip place of Mr. Otway; avd we thick a better man could pot be selected for the impor- tant post than tbe present Secretary of Lega tion, Mr. Mathews, formerly British Cousul at Charleston and Philadelphia He ia a good Siplomat, a gentleman of sense, and thoronenle understands American interests and complica tious. His sympathies, we have no donbt, are with Jiberal goveroment, we are those of Lords Palmerston and Russell, aod he wont: be therefore a very fitting representative of the peetent British Cabinet, pation to bor war sass, rein TuvrLow Weep Suiciriy Excrrep —Thurlow Weed, oa the subject of the African slave trade, eayr that Caght to be punished for assuming that the New York Herap, under any circam- staLcees, is capable of speaking the truth.” Alas! poor Thurlow, it is only wheu the truth chafes bim that he winces; und if there shoald be dis- covered a Northern close verporasion involved in the African slave trade, ¥ weald nos war anybody to find the vencrabie Master We plicated thercin to the extent of a “statiati fee of five or ten thousand deilars—& la feoe wool, Svcaudly, with all pis sympathy for “Uncle Tow,” how many slaves bag Thurlow ise