The New York Herald Newspaper, September 20, 1851, Page 6

THB YAcHTs ‘2HE EFPECT PRODUCED IN ENGLAND BY THE APPEAR ANCE OF THE YACHT AMERICA—SUPERIORITY OF AMERICAN SHIP9—INDUCEMENTS TO BUILD FAST SAILERS—STEAMERS, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN— BUILDING OF THE YACHT AMERICA, HER MODEL— THE NEW YORK PILOT BOATS; IMPROVEMENTS IN | MODELLING THEM——INTERESTING MEMORANDA CONCERNING PILOT KOATS—LISTS OF NEW YORK PILOT BOATS, CLIPPER SHIPS, FAST SCEAMERS, AND YACHTS. ‘The sailing feats accomplished, and the victories won, by the New York yacht America, in her late | eontests with the crack vessels of the English Royal | Yaoht Squadron, have caused as much talk in all | @ucles here and in England, as did the first appear- ‘nce of the Pacific and Atlantic steamers of the Collins line. School boys and gray beards, ser- Wants and sovereigns, meckunics and merchants, in short, persons of all classes and of both sexes, enter into spirited conversations upon the topic. The press on both sides of the Atlantic, in city and country, have devoted considerable valuable space to. ative, description, and discussion upon yacht- ing in general, and this year’s yachting in pa ticu- Jar. Allthis isnot simply because the America outsailed the bes: yachts of the eastern world, but because a principle was involved in the matter, and because this principle was of vast importance both to England and America. Every English man, from the prince down to the pauper, has, for many years, been in the habit of boasting that | Britannia ruled the waves; that her's was the great. est navy, both in the merchant marine and national | service, in quantity and quality—the greatest that abe world knew. This broad proposition and proud doast bas for nearly forty years been denied by | those whose business or curiosity induced them to | exawine the merits of the vessels of both England | and America. For more than thirty years have Spectators of all rations sat on the heights of | Gibraltar, and observed with admiration the graceful forms and excellent motions of the ships of America, as they passed through the Straits—the great thoroughfare of natioas—suc- ly competing w. other ships, coming up passing them as if favoring gales filled Atheir canvass, and failed to reach tne cails of the rest. Everything visible, from track to water line, of ihe Yankee ships, gave token of their nationality Graceful spars, clean canvass, well painted hull and top hamper—all things gave the iaformation at nce, wichout aid of the e nm, that the object of admiration came from he land of the free.” ‘This phenomenon was not peculiar to the Straits of Gibraltar, but was ob very part of the world, Wherever Ye ed by Yankee men, made their appearance, and were compared With the ships of other nations, tue comparison re- ited im favor of the United States. England was asive observer of all this. With the best fa- cilities in the world, they began to pt. “mode! brigs,” aud mode! craft of a! but while they were learning, imper sons given to the nautical world by ow ers, we were steadily and rapidly prog: timore clippers a:tained the name of ecllence; and when their raking masts aad long, jow, black bulls appeared at sea, they were viewed by careful captains wiih a scrutinizing glass, and surpicion of their honesty was generally entertaised till they were out of sight, or brought near enough to view to declare their fa r intentions. *J} ltimore clip- per built” at length came to be the expression alm )st invariably ured in describing the vessels taken from the slave service, or engaged in unholy piratical expe- ditions. But the Baltimore ship builders had more apt, or, at least, more successful pupils on this side of the Atlantic than they had on the other. Cir cumstances occurred which made the Chinese trade | cf peculiar importance to the United States. Can- ton was a long way off, aod our merchants used every effort to obtain quick returns. Captains of ships were engaged to get the best speed out of their vessels, and handsome presents were awarded to | officers and crews who delivered their cargoes here im the shortest space of time after their departure. | ‘These inducemerts, added to national pride, Wrought emulation up to a spirited contest. The | motions of ships were watched carefully, and their apparent faults noted with great particulari‘y. Carrying qualities were kept sight of, but speed became of paramount importance, and every new Ship avoided some known fault, and adopted some ew point in modelling or sparring. If the new in- Wention proved of no avail, it was dropped; but if it turned out to be an advantoge, it was carefully | reserved, and used. } It at length became obvious to English states- men that English interests were suffering, or would suffer, from the success of our ships, and a commis- Sion was accordingly appointed in England to ex- | amine into and and report upon matters of inte- | rest connected with the maratime service. Io their investigations, the commission looked at and reported upon the qualities and conduct of ships, | officers and crews. The report was nighly compli- | meatary to American ships and American seamen, for whose success some reasons were advanced Whether this reasoning was correct or not, it i not worth while te discuss at presen’; it is enough that they officially acknowledged the | superiority of our ships end of the man- per in which they were sailed. ‘ But,” said cavillers and sticklers for English glory, “ English ship builders are bound down by certaia rales, | which must be complied with, in order togive their ships a standing at Lloyds, and these rules prevent them frem using their genius unlimitedly.” An answer to this was furnished inthe proposition male by the New York merchants on Change, to build a ship to cost $100,000, another ship to be built in England, and the two ships to sail a match | voyage, the owners of the winning ship to take possession of both vessels at the end of the voyaze. ‘This challenge was not accepted, and the matter | was dropped. Meantime, clipper ship after clipper | ship was launched from our ship yaris, and sped away to the antipodes, almost literally on the wings of the wind, and returned to annoan>e their own arrival on the other side of the world long o'er their competitors, who sailed before them, had ved. The numbers of these clippors multiphed, | now we have a whole fleet of them, and new a0: | ecssiens are continually being made. ‘The chagrin felt by “ England afloat” at being thus outdone on her peculiar element, could not be conveniently hidden, and all manner of things w seid about the inability of clipper ships to carry large cargoes, the danger of damaging goods, &+.; but they principally copssled themselves by point- ing to their ovean steamers, of which they were jostly proud, and they said, in their pride, the world cannot beat them. It was true, then, that the world had not beaten thom. England had been engaged for many yoars in building sea steamers, While our capitalists foand « botter investment in building river boats. We had attained to a speed of 450 miles a day in river | navigation, and English workmen had brough: to a | state of great perfection the huge engines red | for sea service. All at once it occurred to capital. | iste here that the steamship business was atolerably | good tiade, and they would try their hands at it _ Orders were given, and the workmen engaged to go at the new buriness. It is not wonderful that « few kes were made. Like boys | ing to kate, they got one or two tumbles, and braised | themselves not a little; but they were up and at it ogain, and, after another trial or two, found them- aclves able to heep their footing. Mistakes were corrected ; parsimony was dismissed, and liberality a opted, in reference to the entire cost of the work | to be accomplished : and ali at once, the Pacific, of | Collins’ line, appeared and strode aciox the At- | Jantic ocean, st a rate of speed till then never | known, It was all very well for the friends of the | Cunard line to ory out, “Accidental good fortune, “A ehance wind,” and all that; but the fact is, | that, sinee the Pacific made her first great trip, hor time bas not been beaten, except by herself and her consort, the Baltic. For some time the difference Py course sailed, and the distance accomplished by Es last. | The Christian Berg measures as follows :— | shared at « round price, and i OF AREERIOCA, | the different lines, left it an open question as towbich | but the were the fleetest ships. The Cunard line sent their best vessels directly to this port, and the race beeame a fair one, and proved, beyond cavil, that the American steamers were the fastest ships afloat. | The next point that the advocates of the Eag- | lish steamers raised—for they were not yet | willing to give up, and cal! themselves altogether beaten—was this: The Collins steawers, saidthey, | cannot surely stand rough weather; their model | is euch that they must be bad winter sea | boats. But, as if the would have it that | every objection should be met ‘with a counter-de- monstration, the Atlantic became disabled in her machinery, and was obliged to trust entirely to the sea-goirg qualities of her bull, and slight sails, in a storm that has seldom been equalled. She came out of the contest bearing new laurels for the line to which she belonged. The sea-worthiness of the Collins steamers was, per force, now admitted, and | the boast is now reduced to the prospective accom- | plishments of the Persia and Arabia, steamers now | building by the Cunard company. Although the most complete victory had already | been won, in the contest for speed between English and American sailing ships and steam packets, it still remained to be proven whether John Bull or | Brother Jonathan could produce the fastest sailing | yacht. The best builders had for years been em- | ployed in building yachts for the English Royal Yacht Club, and by the English government in building cutters for the national coast service. The thet revolutionary disturbances Ayotae ae g w wifes to band tuted up foe’ Mary sleapor, & crew constantly engaged, 6 that, st any moment, he could plase bis family i beard and vate sea, in search of a safe place of node. . ‘The pilot boat Hackstaff went out to California, | Where she t. | In the time of the last war, several of there boats ere and used as privateers ; among the | tumber s@ usted were * The Brothers,” the * Uai- ted we Stand,” and the ‘Divided we Fall” ‘There have been two exceedingly fast boats in their time, by the name of The ‘rimmer; one of them (we think it must have been Tue Trimmer No 2,) sailed a race with the schooner Grand Ca- in 1820. The race was a grand aifair, and made for the time the towatalk. The Trimmer w easily. The Ciaton was known as a fine boat in her day. She was purchased by some mangglers, for the pur. of running tobacco in‘o Ireland, * duty free. ler owners were betrayed, and the vessel decoyed ashore, by treachery; she was a total loss. In Wiikes’ Exploring Expedisien, she sshooners Sea Gull and Flying Fish were, perhaps, the most active vessels of the squadron. These were both New York pilot boats, aud were known here as the “+ Tudependence” andthe ** New Jersey.” Tas New Jersey bas since been lost, but the lndepoudence is | still afloat, and engaged as an opium smuggler, in the East Indies. It is well kuown that the trim and saucy schooner in which Capt. Palmer made his celebrated voyage in the South Seas, was a pilot boat. The William J. Romer went on special sorvice from this port to Liverpenl, afew years since, in mid-winter, and encountered the worst of winter storms, during which she performed handsomely, andreturned to resume her station here. immense patronage of both the government and the club had been used, and certain romuneration | awaited the constructor of the yacht that should | beat the crack sailing craft theretofore afloat. Long | experience appeared to have brought about the me | plus wtra of English yacht building, when it was | rumored that at no distant day a New York boat, of | 170 tons burthen, would soon appear near the lag- lish squadron, prepared to contest for the fame of | fleetness, or for anything else which might ecem ad- | visable. This New York boat was the America, | whose history is as follows:—When the chal i above referred to, (that of building an American | ship to sail against any one to be produced in Eag- land,) had for a long time been open and unac- cepted, the Union Yacht Club proposed to build & yacht, take her to Lugland, aud make a trial of | speed with her against any one or all of the crafe belonging to the Royal Yach: sqaadron thers. A + proposition was therefore submitted to Wm. HI. Brown, thip builder of this city, to build a yacht that would out-~sail Mr. Stevens’ yacht Maria; if she accomplished this feat, the builder was to | receive $30,000; if sho failed to beat the Maria, the club were not bound to take her at all. Mr. Browa agreed to the proposition, and set to work. 4 result was the yacht America, which, after properly fitted’ up, joined in the conte the M . The America was beaten in every contest, and on every tack, and the clab re- fused to take her. But, notwithstanding the Maria had beaten the Ameriza, yet the new yacht | had many admirers, huyler, a member of the clud, declared that he believed she would beat any thing belonging to the L:ngiish clabs; and S ing st against to show that he ws sincere in expression of inion, he otfered 100 for her as she stood. er accepted this offer, aad Mr. Seauyier set about preparing for the transfor ot the Amorica New \ kG raglind. la the figst place, he all the pilot boats belonging herea- end picked from their orews the most promising young men—the best and most active | sailors that he coull finl—to the number of thirteen. These he employed to join as the crew of the new yacht. Mr. Sebuyler tad nearly com- pleted bis arrangements, when Mr. Stevens and two other members of the club applied to him for the aeitilegs of joining him asco-partners in his en- — terprise. To this Mr. 8. consented, aad under the joixt direction of the four pariners,the America sailed for Great Britain. Her exploits since her arrival there must be so familiar to the readers of the New \onk Heraup that it is not necessary to repeat a history of them here. She appeared amongthe es 4 } lish yachtmen like a phantom; so differeat in buil and appointments from their own craft, that they atonce came to the conclusion that if ‘she was right, they were all wrong.” Ler deeds soon proved | ber sailing qualities, and her every appearance voucked for her strength. Her superiority in point | of speed was triking that no show of doubt was | ma She was at once set down as the fleetest of the fleet; and ad: sion of her induced an offer to | purchase her, at a handsome advance on her cost. | Now, as to the model of the America, and the source from which her model was obtain We think it is entirely true that to the New York | ved belong the credit of having the jeetest and best sea boats in the world; and itis a curious fact that their oldest models vary but little | from those used at the present day. The principal difference is in the length and sharpaess of the bows, andthe rake of the stern. The amount of dra; observable in the America, and the cause of mu wonderment on the other side of the Atlantic, is common to all the pilot boats, old andnew. ‘To show the difference in modelling within the last twenty-five years, we will give the dimensions of the eee Gazette, built in 1826, and the pilot boat Sbristian Berg, now new:— x ‘The following were the dimensions of the Ga- rette:— Topnege, by carpenter's measurement. Length on deck. Depth et hai Beam poi " ‘The bow of the (. was quite full, an. had the | greatest width of beam a little forward of the main- Tonnage. by carpenter # measurement. 9 tens Length phy fas 13 feet. | bes of keel... 6 * ide a bow is lengthened and sharp. Py the word “drag” is meant the draft of wacer aft more than forward. f Some experiments have been tried of late, and them is that of giving the greatest bean abaft the mainmact. Tbe new pilot boats Moses H. Grinnell and Mary Taylor are so built my del is not popular with the pilots; it is, howev one of the America’s peculiarities, and may turn oat to be an improvement. It may be as well to remark | here, that the America’s m is not popular with | the pilots, who agonable amount of | money be raised among them, to bet that, within | one year’s time, they will produce a boat, of the sume length, that will eutsail the America. la | other respec of the greatest | beam, the Ameri 1, slightly varied, of a New York pilot boat. Tne form of these pilot boats ii thing. It b ed for balf cent Previous to ¢ introdaction of the pilote, these hardy by means of smack echconer ri, men ug oats, by our Ssherm mariocrs, far a cations, and tr ’ their cockle ebell craf lote inercaced, they found their accommodations; ion of the ee ts which have $0 gf been the ad: ‘on of all who cin properly eppreciate them. The pilots bad so long been used to the management of small craft at sea, that they knew what was mainly needed to render their boa's ; bat specd was Serr objest, war deterininsd to adopt the t used, and which, at we have sail before, does not difer very widely from tho models ured at the prevent day. A long deck and keel, with 10 great breadth o: beam, a fall bow, With rak erppost and maste, considerable drag, and the greatest Eeam about midway between bow ond stein, deseribes the model of the schooners built for pak ty yearsago. The mostapproved model now in ute Varies from the oldone principally in the shape of the bow ead she rake of the stern- poet. Instead of the full, or as it is technically terincd,the muscle bow, being used, they now length- en and cut away the bow so agto give it a hollow instcad of a fall appearance; ard instead of the ol fashioned rake ct four feet to the stermpost, they new give only a foot, aad ere ss than thie iv contemplated. twelve and @ half per cent of speed has bee: cd; but it must be remembered that th ts larger, and of courre m: thore constructed half a centary the qtalities of there boats kaown, that whenever en em ney arises, where @ swift, clean sea racer } ie wanted, application ie immediately made to the i; fer th ill answer as well for | the cireummerigetion of the globe or const ser. | vice. The New \ ork pilots have had « regula: organization since 1749; but as they keep no record of their proceedings, tradition is all that we have te rely upon till come down period when the pilots now in the service commenced to learn their profession. We have, however, proc ited some memoranda from these living witnesses, waich - re interceting to 4 4 ‘nest wae a The Joseph et, a fine, , P iC ~ wee afterwards as. certained that che was fitted out and used asa sever pu by a gontle- The Mary Eleanor was purchased man of Fayal, ostensibly to be wed a6 @ packet; tafe sea-going ve! acd, on consultat oO, model whick they £ it is estimated that abo t n- | miles from Sandy Hook | Well append | i just Before the establishment of lives of steamships, geverpment used frequently to send express vessels after packets having on board absconding crimi- nals. Of course, the fleetest vessels were in da | merd, ard a New York pilot boat was always chosen for such service. But why enumerate more instances of the appre- ciation of the qualities of these boats? There is no New York boy twelve years of age, and of ordi- nary intelligence, that does not know their worth. ‘They are familiar to us, but none the less admired. Let # pilot beat come down the river, and make out into the bay of a pleasant afveruoon, when tho Battery is thronged with pedestrians, and one may observe hundreds of eyes turned towards the grace- ful thing that **waiks the waters like a thiag of life,” and expressions of pride and admiration are sure to become audible from some quarter. Never fearful of an encounter with the dangers of the deep, the pilots are ever on the alert, with a pro- fessional pride, to meet their charge as far trom land as practicable; they stretch away hundreds of miles to the eastward, and of late our ship: have not unfrequently been boarded by them 5) All this they are enabled to do on ascount of tho sy rity of tacir bo, But theee skimmers of the sea must be managed; it will not de to trust them in of ordinary sailors. Like a high mettledr: must be kept in with # taut rein; but the first ness of the pilot’s apprentice, is to learn th nage ment of the boat. Old gailors, who have lived long lives on the eea, are not competent to their management unless they are specially tutored to it; and hence the sagacity diaplayed by Mr. Sshuy- ler in picking the crew for th» yaeht Amorica from amoung the pilot boys. We may sum up ali that cau be said in their favor, in the as: on that the Now York pilot boats have never be celled, hands oy ma- e and that their proprietors are now prepared, within one year, to produce a boat of the same Boats. <f Me. the America, that shall outsail that yacht. Daniel Westervelt, who built the clipper shi Palmer, is now building @ pilot boat, of which much is expected. Mr. W. bas been very success ful heretofore. Tbe model of the new boat will not vary materially from that of the Christian Derg al- luded to above. i The following is a list of the pilot boats of New York :— NEW YORK I No. 1—The Phantom. No 2—lhe Washington. No. 4—Jacob Bell. No. 6—David Mitchell NEW JERSEY PILOTS INE. No. 1—The 8) Iph No. 4—The H. B. Hall. No, 2—The ‘Thor. H Smith. No. 5—The Mary Taylor No. 3—The Commerce MERCHANTS” PILOTS. No, 1—The M. I. Grinnell. No, 7—The Yankee. No, 2—The Nettle. No, 9—The Jabez Williams. No. 3--The Virginia No 10—TheJ.N Waterbury No. 4—The Wachington. No. 11—The EK. Collins. No. $—Ybe Mary Ann. No, 12—The Ubristiaa Berg. No. 6—The Mary & Cath’e. tonnage of these boats varies from 75 to 100 hey cost, on an average, about $10,000 each, ton. | and are owned by the pilots. While on the subject of fast sailers, we may as list of our clipper ships and fast run- ning ocean amers, that have sprung into being, almost like a work cf magic, within the last three years CLIPPER SHIDS. ite! jd pineal ferpent, Gazelle, Sea Nymph, Grey Evgle, Grey Hound. Fiying Cloud, Steg Hound, Game Ucek, Bisck poe) Reindeer, White Squall, Ino, Memuvn, N. B. Palmer, Mandarin, Eureka, = tal, le, jouqua, Tel ph, From among the large number of ocean racers, which have been launched within the last two or three — we select the following steamers, which distanced all competitors :— STEAMERS. Baltic. Alabama, Vaion, Geergia, Pacific, Franklin, Iilincis, Pacific, No.2. Marion, Winfield Scott, — Prometheus, Brother Jonathan. These are all fast ocean steamers, that have proved their qualities, and won a wide fame by their actual accomplishments; but their names are fami- liar to the American public, and their feats of sail- ing have heretofore been recorded. _ Tibor h we give to the New York pilots the credit of introdunng the best models and producing the best sailers in the world, yet we are aware thay much is due to thore enterprising gentlemen who bave combined utility with pleasure, in the eon- struction and use of pore We kav; in New York es pretty a fleet of these dainty bits of nauti- cal asistccracy as can be found in the world = ere | are their names and dimensions, and the names of their owners: — YACHTS BELONGING TO THE NEW YORK YACHT CLUN. Nemes Tornege ig. Owne Marin... .csccccseseee ‘70 Bloop.... Tireeze... Ultra. Teawe Bloop... + Cornelia .. Yarborough Drees! Fatimated BOSTON There are aleo sm: p Peston and Salem, Mass. ; vacnts tty yachts hailing from they are named as fol- «+. Bos’ on, te Exe Salem Pint “a . D. Wi tae Trivmth...., Above we pave furnished clarsee-—a list of which any nation might be roud. We might tsve extended it, and included cur leke and river craft, fort re on our inland tone of the most bea bt bave mentioned the Lon, and the North River sh hm course with the yachte; but our object war not so much to enumerate the number or kinds of fast sailers, ae to give credit where eredit was due for the improvement: ture, which bas placed us eo fa titors. Thit eredit we aver is due to the New fork pilote, m vet of men whose, enterprizs knows no motto but *¢ ier,” whose dilie f° ce never flags, and whoee valuable experience os exhibited itself in practical reeults whith hav jong been the admiration of tae worll. No evi f of sailing vessels than the Now York pilot ever floated ; ari we believe it wil be a lang ime before they will be obliged to yield the any. They deeerve their suceces, and it is that their deserts should be proclaime lto the wold. Ovrnsoe ix Beniinorox, N. J.-A party of cmployerd at the brichunaking establish- ment of J itchene, between Columbus and Kinkere. Mansfield township, were returning home on ‘Thursday night last, after having been ca- rousing, when a sudden attack was made by one of the party on another, with a clasp knife, inflicting severe] dangerous wounds, from which it is ex- ected he will not recover. The assailant immo- Fiately threw the knife away and fled. Burlington county has, within the las: few months, been theatre for the commission of almost every erimo known in the it. (Over twenty persons are now confined in the prison at Mount Holly, and seveial out on vail, waiting the action of the grand jury --Zroton, (W. 4) Trwe Amervcan, Sept. 17. ‘The Benefits Resulting from the New Post- age Law. TO THE EDITOR OF THE HERALD. Pecause of the defects in the new postage law, ia | relation to transient newspapers and printed mat- ter, your readers may possibly overlouk the vast | benefits resulting from its adoption. I have hereto- | fore shown how these provisions were incorporated in this law, which has created such universal dissa- | tisfaction, and that it was done against the most | ewrnest protestations of the friends of cheap post- | age, in order to gratify the views of the Post Odice Department, Nevertheless, if we take a rotro- spective view of the enactions of the former postage laws, and compare them with the new law, we shall find much cause for gratitude to those who were in- ttrumental in effecting its passage through Con- gress. The rates of letter postage under the old law were complicated and burdensome, and the people, being dissatisfied, sought all the means in their power to evade them. These rates varied, according to dis- tanee, as newspapers now do, under the present law. Accordingly, on thirty, eighty, one hundred and fifty, and four hundred miles, they were rated from six up to twenty-five cents. Thea, again, every enclosure was deemed a letter, containing two pieces of paper, and, carried over four hundred miles, was chargedone dollar! Every expedient was resorted to in order to avoid the payment of these high. rates—by endeavoring to conceal the euclosurer; sending letters by private conveyance; placing boxes in the principal hotels for the reception of letter to be sent gratis to the principal towns and citi | private expresses carrying letters at a lower rate | | than the Post Olfice. Hence, the letters, ina fow | years, fell off from twenty-seven to twenty-four millions, andthe r ue of the department two hundred and fifty thousand dollars per annum. | ‘J he law of 1845 afforded some relief to the people. | This reduced the rates to five cents under three hundred miles, and over that distance, tea cents for asingle letter; aud what was of greaterimportance, the rate was charged spon weight, instead of the number of pieces a letter might contain. ‘This re- | duction enabled the people to send letsers for five | and ten cents, which, under the old law, would have | been charged seventy-five cents and one dollar. |. The beneficial results of this reduction, both to tho people and the department, were proved by in- | ercesing the number of letters, and augmenting the revenues of the Post Office. In five years, upto June, 1850, the letters bad increased from twenty- four millions to upwards of seventy millions per unnum; the expenses of the department had been enlarged more than one million and a baif of dol- lars; the post routes ex:ended over twenty-three thousand miles; the annual transportation of the mails nearly seven millions of miles; more than five tho d new post offices established; and, not with- st this enlargement of expeases and postal facilities, there remained a surplus in the ‘Treasury of more than cleven hundred and thirty thousand dcHars. When the law of 1845 was passed, the opponents of cheap postage predicted that it would prove a failure; that it Would throw the Post Odise oa the Treasury for its support; that half the post masters would resign, and none be found to fill their places, and that in less than a year the people would peti- tion for its repeal. It went into operation under the most serious disadvantages The Postmaster General, € Johnson, who voted against the ae sure in Congress, publicly declared that it would ruin the deparsment, and that tho postal facilities of the country must be diminished in consequence of the reduction of postage. But the resuit has shown that all those predissions were fulse; and even | Mr. Jobnsor, before he went out of office, recom- mended a further reduction to a uniform rate of ive cents. With these facts before them, the friends ofcheap postage renewed their exertions, aad prese stad po- titions to Congress for a uniform rate of two cents, prepaid. Such astounding resalte led them to bo- lieve that Congress would, without hesitation, grant | the prayer of their petition, and reduce the postage to auniform rate. After great exertion on their parte, the present law was passed the last night of the last session of Congress; yet it by no mans met their views, either as respects the rates of postage on letters or newspapers and printed matter. Tae reduction, however, 13 @ waterial one, and prepares | the way fora further reduction, at no very distant period. Permit me to ae out how much hasbeen | gained by the present law, as well as what is left to be done by the friends of postal reform. _ By the present postage law, a letter weighing a half an ounce, may be sent three thousand miles for three cents, and to any distance in the United States for sixcents. This, surcly, is a great gain to the people who write letters. A letter, there- fore, which, under the old law, wou'd cost a dollar Jor postage, can now be sent for three cents. Again, | a letter which, under the law of 1815, was charged } ten cents, can be sent, by the present, for tho sinaller | sum of three cents. sides this, aletter which was then charged, (say to California) forty cents, is row conveyed for six cents; and cot only ao, ifit | weighed a fraction over an ounce it was charged | one dollar and sixty cents; but a letter of the same | weight is now carried for eightcen ceats. Sarely, | this isa gain which every one should aot, and especially the Californians and their friends. | If the rates are not caactly what we want, yet Sy | are £0 low, Cog ery| the immense distance whi letters are sent, that it oer be truly denominated — the cheap postage law, its friends may coagra- tulate themselves upon the success w! has at- | tended their efforts. Instead, then, of complaining that we have no; obtained all asked for, we | — be gratified that we obtained s0 | much. Let us row examine what we have gained by this new law, in the reduction of posiage on neeepreect, | | between the white and colored races—but also for rs. By John Cam; This is a very curious book, handsomely got up, by the author, who is s bookseller, of Philadelphia. The work is prinsipally composed of quotations from various writers who have investigated the subject of races, and the extracts brought together from so many authorities, make a highly interest- ing volume, whatever may be thoug’t of the theory and notions of the compiler. His object is te prove the inferiority of the negro to the white or Cau- casian race, and to demonstrate the impractica- bility of these antagonistic races, dwelling to- gether in large numbers on the same soil, except as white masters, and black or colored slaves. The author or compiler says, it seems to him a work not only of necessity, but of justice, to place this watterin a compact method befere the people of America. ‘The method I have adopted,” he re- marks, “is very simple. I cite all that I deem of importance to the subject under investigation, feom an author ; and then, if { deem it neceasary, I com- ment upon such passages as may need explanation. Ido not profess any originality, but I lay claim to some tact in the arrangement of my quotations. When I consider how little is really known of the history of the race of men, I have attempted to Fopularize this question by citing such portions of the best authors as have written upon it.” This work is interesting, not only for the main subject which i: discusses—namely the distinction the fects which it introduces relative to the various divisions of the white race into Anglo-Saxons, Celts, Slavonic nations, Germans, Jeas, and other varieties of Asiatic and European nations. The author appears, without showing much cultivation | as a scholar, to have read much on the subject on which he treats. But he does not show much dis- crimination in his estimate of the character of tho authors from whom he selects bis quotations. | Otherwise he would not place Kaox, (author of recent work on the races of man,) in so high a rank as authority. Knox is a very incorrect and inconsi ‘tent writer. With some good ideas, he has put forth a mass of absurdities, which are not to be named as opinions, alongside those of the learned and profound Doctor Prichard. The small volume of Colonel Hamilton, quoted by Mr. Campbell, we regard as an indifferent work, wanting in clear ar- | rangement and analysis, although the colonel had | favorable opportunities for investigating the sub- ject. by personal observation. We think Mr. Campbell has not exhibited the best taste in the choice of the title to his book, and | if it does not meet with ady gale, he may attri- bute it in part to this ca He displays through: | is work a spirit of illiberality towards the ‘an race, which it doce not appoar that the occasion calls for; although he forbears to discuss the question of slavery. Ho insists that the ro- | moval of the free colored population of Peunssl- | vania to Liberia isind’spensable. ‘* We .aust altor | our State constitution (he says) for the purpose of | enablirg usto getrid of this population—numbering | over fi‘ty-three thousand. And after we have made | ample provision to send them in comfort to Africa, should there be any left who would prefer boing | slaves to the whites, instead of free blacks in Li- | beria, they shculd have the power to choose; but | they must either go there as free, or remain here as elaves. Aside of us they cannot be on terms of equality.” Concrrssionat. Gronr, of the Session of 135)- 51.—We are indebted to the Hon. Geo. Lriggs, | MC.. for this valuable publication. | Vincur’s Ocrenporre’s Sranisit Grauwan.—We ob- | verve that this excellent work (which publication comn- menced in numbers, some time ago) has reached its completion. The laet number sustains the fair reputa- tion which the first achieved, The whole is now bouad ine volume, ond the hasty perasal we bave made of it enables us to recommend it to the support of the lovers of Ube most beautiful of modern languages. ‘The luiverratep Amenican News.—The present num- ber of this mort successful publication, including its great supplement on the State Pair, isa splendid spe: men of artistic attraction, aud places it quite on a par here with the Jiustrated Loadon News in Loadon. Sratistican Mar or New Yoru—J. M. Colton, Cedar tre by Alexarder Dumas. DeWitt Southern Quanterty Revirw: an excellent publica- tion. by Walker & Richards, Charleston, 8. U. Amrkicax Wire Review, for September; by D. W. Holly, 120 Nassau street. Tre Bow », & Monthly Megazine of Irish Litera- ture, for September ; by F. X. Kavanagh, lure or Gexenat Lorez ; by DeWitt & Davenport. Tre anv Book or 11 Natiox—For sule at all the book stores Lost in 112 Woops—Deatu or an OLp Man.— It becomes our painful task to record one of the most or mega iy Sy that has ever fallen under our notice. A Mr. Andrew ig Seaton 80 years old—in company with his boy—about eight = old—left this place on the morning of the 19th inst., to transact some business with a neighbor, some four miles distant. After completing their | listle business, wo again left for home, it then being towards evening. It seems the olu gentleman, who was rather lame and feeble, shortly after start- | ing for hom cst, and wandered about in juest of some house or road during that evening, | ut without success. The boy says that in the morning they in renewed their efforts to dis :over their way out of the woods, but also without avail The probable corclusion, rom what the boy says, periodicals, &e. The Pa aon awa = is, that the old man, after travelling all day, and newspa) sent out of the r 100 miles, | becoming weak, accidentally fell over a log, and one and a balf cents, which made postage on a never Saale attempted to arise. They had re- | weekly paper cost seventy-eight cents, adaily mained in this situation some three days be‘ore our ive cents per anoum. citizens ofthe matter, when | saper four dollars and ec by the present law, a weekly paper sent not exceed. _ ing fifty miles, will be charged only twenty cents; not ex g three hat miles, forty cents; and not exceeding a thousand miles, — A daily paper can be sent not excocling i ‘ one dollar; not execeding three hun dollars; and not ex: four dollars. This may duction from the old rates; but there is a greater reduction in favor of newspapers not ex- ceeding three hundred square inches, which are charged only one-fourth of the preceding rates Besides thir, newspapers are circulated free of post- ege in the count ¢ published Jn relation to magazines, periodicals, &+., the | law is much more favorable than the old one. whon not gent over five hundred miles, ; over this, and not jos, the rate is two are ich, for these distanccs, makes the postage comparative- ly cheap. ‘These are some of the advantages resulting to papers weed engreny from the present iaw; wish | could go on further, and doseribe many more, but | am compelled to say that for long dis tances the rates on spapors are enormously high, and on transient ! ter, the tax amounts (; who framed the substitute,) almost to a prohibi- tion. L.very press in the Union should ak out ons to be heard and felt in denouncing this outra- eous tex upon the diffusion of knowledge, and , hourands of petitions should be pouret jaty Coa. at the next session, to repiai this law, and belwb the franking privile Row1ano Hitt ne ard The Riot at Key West, 10 THE KOTOR OF THE NEW YORK WeRALp. Ry a letter received from Key West, por steamer Wirhejd Scott, dated September Sth, I learn the following pas tiouladg it regard to the riot which oo- urrea there on the Let Instant — On Monday, the Ist inst, a band of rovdies, consisting of the lowest characters in the place, as- caulted the Spanish stores, &»., completely destroy- ing them, &c. There were five establishments — destroyed—a grocery store kept by Ramon, a man supposed to be a spy, in the pay + eo Re verpment, whose escape in one Marti’s smacks to Llavana, was noticed # fow days since; | ber shop belonging to Podro Alberti; a and liquor 8:0 sept by Vessia; a grocery pt by Lartol intas, and a provisiva store Albert Arnon. The M. and police witnessed e, bi le to quell it. [tis to | before this the riag- On Tuesday, th mitted on the wharf of P. men cmployed as cook of the echoone K — not known,) was struck Guring the past two months, are repairing, and nearly roady for tea. Domestic Mi-cellany. ng the lovers by the fire in Pittsburg, on the evens he 12th instant, were Messrs. Glassford & Oo., frame worket*, who had recently moved there from Now York, The amount of their love is not given Hon Levi Woodbury was married in June, 1819, to Five W. Clepp, dvughter of Asa Ciapp. of Portland, Me He leaves five childrom; Chaties Levi, now a United States Commirsioner in Hoston; Mary Blira is Fea Avstia, Virginia Lafayette, aod Killen Carolina, Ti eldest is tv jue How, Montgomery Blair of St | Lowia, Mo, | The fire which bas done so much da | inearance , story of the same shop, \ lors, $91,500. “Total ee fair un ferstand: they sallied out on Friday, and made efforts to find | them, but without success. On the following day | (Satarday) a renewed and more vigorous effort was | made, in the hope et discovering their whoreabo After travelling through brushes, briare, swamps, the last found them; and in a situation truly deploral Mr. Horton, was entirely submerged ander tho water and mud, and that he was lying on his back, with his face only out of the water. In this situation Lhe old had been more than two entire days, and yet, strange as it may appear, life was not extinct. When conveyed to the nearest house, the vurvived but a fowhours. The water had chilled him to the very heart. When found, the little boy was seated by a tree close to his father, hie bead resting on one hand and knee. Le scowed to be quite when found, and remarkod, **we are waitin Sore ” He was usable to walk at the time—his Feet being badly swollen and his limbs stiff. Tho murquitoes had bit the little fellow's face until it was black. We are a to learn | that the boy is in a fair way for a speedy recovery. But we shall not attempt to give the particulars of | this distressing occurrence. The reader can casil; imagine the excruciating tortures attending their | situation, on reflecting that they had been ia the woods over four days without tasting a bite of any- | thing, and exposed to the storm end weather—but | we sail not attempt to desoribe them —Murion | (Und.) Journal, Awg. 28. Menpen near Wasniorox, 1). © —William Wells, a marine, belonging to the Washington Navy Yard, and said to be from [altimore, was | last evening commiticd to i by Justice Crandell, for further examin » charged with the murder | of Samuel Mandell, aged thirteen or fourteen years, | fon Of tine Ode: ly sergeant at the Navy Yard The | particulars of the gave arpeer to be, that Wells and ancther merino, and titee lads, betongtng to the | little distanee beyend the br.’ hurry home, previous to the 5” words parced betwoen him and young Mu dell, on subject; Mundell struck him; he struck «*°ks then somo lve struck him on the shoulde.- “%! diverted his attention; that on looking towar.® | Mundell again, he perceived he was making to wards him to strike him with his gun; that he pulled the gun from t by perros back two | pe ed it at him, and fired, shooting him in the breast, and kiiling him instantly; that ae then attempted to run off, but was scized by the other | marine and the boys, and brought before Justise Crandell.-- Washington Telegraph, Sept. 13. The mm We ix Maryr.— | in Wash- ington county, Me , at Moose river in Cutler, drove from the woods into the shipyard of Joha Ualch, and burnt a ship of 700 tons on the stocks, with | ovher repent in all of the value of $30,000; no | a he property burned by the fire in Bridgeport, on Saturday night, was insured as fol- Bee gene, tine yoo Vg 4 | veton, $3,500; Howard, Lowell, $3,000; Lloward, New ‘ork, $000; Peoples’ Blut Worcester, | $2,600; Merchants’ and Farmers’, Woroester, | $1,800; ;" Connecticut, $700. Christ's Church, Late Fink 1x * I have no persona! interest ea; | her armament | capture of the F ingly that letters from all often called him and his friends, whatever might be their number. No letters or no#s have ever been forged in thia city, andI am astonished that such an accusation could ever have been made against the few devoted friends, who, sincorely con- vinced of the goodaooss of the cause, have spared no effort, no eacrifice, to serve it, and have ongaged in it their time, their name, and their fortune, withno other guarantee than the word and honor of oue man. ‘These letters have never been written with the intention of deceiving; their only fault is cree eration, not as regards the feelings and wishes of Suban people, but as to the possibility of immediate action. Circumstances have been against the expe- dition; the revolution had broken out on tho 4th of July, in Puerto Principe; from many points patriots had started and concentrated in the Coscore moun- tains, who were, and are still, defending themselves against the royal troops. The government, of course, immediately expected the arrival of some expedition from the States, and took all necessary meaeures; arrests were made; the army of spies reinforced, and all eurpicious men marked and closely watched. The (veneral arrived. But few Cubans joined him, it is true; but how many tried to joint The jailers of Havana may answer that uestion by stating how many arrests were made on the roads since the 12th of August; they can answer it by telling what is tbo crime committed by over two thousand wretches now in Spanish dungeons or transported to Spain. Toe soldiers also will an- swer it by saying how muny have been executed bebind the bushes of the Aguacate ard the Pens Blanca! Say that the Cubans are paralyzed by the system ofterror under which they live; say that they are crushed by tyranny; that they lack resolute lead- ers, capable of forming a plan and of leading a eople without arms, and surrounded by the most ingenious system of spies; accuse them of cowardly weakners, but do not cast infamy oa their name by representing them fighting the patriots, tracking with dogs the man who has been tueir ouly hope tor two years. I was in Cuba when Gen. Lopez arrived, and I will only say that had it been possible to join him, 1 would not now be in New Orleans; those who know me will not doubt my vords. Now, while I am convinced, for having myself seen and heard what I cay, and having been amongs: the Cubans, and exposed to the same dangers, L oblige nobody to share my convictions, but | will tell the incredulous go to the island of Cuba, do not seek information in uewspapers published under the most vigilant censorship, nor amongst men who are interested in showing that the islaud is quiet, but mix with the Cubans, become their frie et your observations be personal, and then trya lit:le conspiracy. Oa'y assemble and arm fifty men, [ warrant you will fiad both men and money; but after that, if you are able, withdraw your head fro m the noose in which you had alrcady seon it, if you have resisted the trials of a conspirator’s life, if you can escape, you will soon be back, and will say with me, it must be seen to be believed or understood; this people had the will but not the power of moving. It has not been my intention to get into a long discussion; | am no public writer, and it is with gretthat1 put my name before tho public; but returning to New Orleans, I have been painfully affected by the revulsion which has taken place since the news of the defeat of that heroic little party, whose deeds will be long spokea of by the Spanish soldier, who, more generous than his go- vernment, gives due credit to an enemy that oaly pare way to a force ten times stronger. | have card accusations murmured against Gen. Lopes and bis noble and generous frien is, who feel less the loss of their fortures, their name exposed to the attacks of vulgar enemies, thau for the loss of a man who never had an unworthy thought, whose motives were pure and generous. (jen. Lopez had honored mo by his friendship and confidence. Igrieve his loss as that ofa father, and I think that raismg my weak voice to justify him, his friends, or the cause for which he died, is to me a duty—is ren- dering a nee tohis memory. Those who insult hus ashes by jumnies are guilty of an act of cow- ardice, and I would be as guilty if [remained silent. I confidently hope that time will justify him in the eyes of the world, and that if L have not been able to save him, I may yet one day aid in er ged in the Cuban cause; my life is all that | could give to it; and if L regret being obecure and unknown, it is only be- cause a more elevated position would i more weight to my words—words whic! tatcd by a sincere aad weil conviaced heart. P. pe GOURNAY. New Orleans, Septembor The Capt ff the Stenmer Pa (¥rom the Savannah (Ga) Repudlican,} JACKSONVILLE, Sept. Mth, 1851. ‘The revenue cutter Jackson arrived off the St. John’s bar on Monday last, under command of Lieut. Morrison, in Oyrey of the steamer Pampero, which vestel entered the river in advance of the cutter, and proceeded up to the neighborhood of Pa- latka. The cutter, when near the bar, fired a shot toward the Pampero, which fell across her bows. ‘The cutter remained at the mouth of the river— Lieut. Davenport being despatched to this place in a small boat to confer with the collector, Col. I. D. Hart. The collector, on Tuosday; despatched the inspector, Dr. H. 1). Holiand, up the river in search of the Pampero, with instructions to seize. On yes- terday, Lieut. Merchant arrived from St. Augustine barracks with twenty regulars, and took oma ters at this place ; several pieces of artille ve also been sinee brought over. A portion of this de- tachment were sent down to reinforce the cutter, which | learn isfancbored in the channel near the bar, with her guns double shotted, and a portion of planted on the shore, to insure the ‘ampero, suould she attempt to run ‘These were the preparations made for effectu- checking the movements of th roo out. ws ay or of tha othing was rd from the inspect ol t of his se: , until late this evening, when the Pampero arrived at the wharf in charge of that functienary; her dark mists and rigging, and nob'emodel, being only revealed upon the sombre | packground of night, when in fixed position at the jer. She was found in Dunn's lake, above Palat- a, and wi urrendered by Lewis, who had her in chi upon the demand of the inspector. e left rth in the lake this morning, and a helping hand to our old friend the steamer Sv. Mathews (otherwise called the Saint, for her qualities of endurance, we suppose,) on ber way down. ‘The object, therefore, being accomplished in this civil manner, the gallant cutter can “ pack up her duds,” and Lieut. jerchant can counter- march his men and return burnished bull dog to their queit resting places. Things looked so decidedly rqually that our folk either a figit or a boat race; ed out for the better, and the © | is reported that the ammunition of sho Pampero | Wag teken out when she reached the vieinity of Pals and etewed away tomewhere—but that where is unknown to everybody, even if sach storing took place. At any rate, her ariuement is not oa board bere. Some disagrecirent b red betweon the pertter On board the Pam ‘er shel i ort for Cuba; and she left the const mn - er of the men and ore forsook her, and her were eti/l more thiuaed reogipt of 0 intelligence of the doath of Loy ‘hese ties induced Mr. Sigur, of New na, the ed owner of the boat, te follow her, for the par- = of getting possession ofher, now that she is not jemanded for the expoditioa. Me St. Mathews, yesterday, from pany with bis friend, Mr. Liv of men, who scemed to mani determination to place hor in the hands of the real, owner. We learn, however, Mr. 8 expressed »_" utmost readiness to surrender her into the hands of thy Proper authorities. He accompanied the in- epeetor »."e0 the boat was surrendered, which I havo mentioned v"4 Without diffiealty, Judge Br new”, of the | nited States Cour', arriv- ed tonight fram St. Augustine, for what purpose, of eo he dogs not inform newspaper letter- writters. Thore appears to be a general acquiescence in the action of the government here, and the impres- sion ix, that if the Cuvans cannot make ter showing for their own freedom than they ha aie not worth having it. Wrire M ExrkLLen rhow rar Cienoxen Nation. —We find in the Cherokee Advocate an or- der from Col. J. Drennen, the Superintendent of Indian affairs, reyuiring all white (ey residing in the Cherok ation, west of the State of Ar- kaneas, to leave within thirty days from the 25th ult, ‘ excopt regularly licensed traders and the = ploycs mentioned in their licenres, granted the: “On, o sta tomewhas edcited 5 which was burned, was fully insured. The loss of | them by the agent of the United Strtos, and such the | pion re eer oe insured | others as may be re tly married to Cherokees, $10,000. Loss of J. Mott, $1,200; insured $900 | and who maintain a character for sobriety, ii Lose of J. Mott & Co., $200; not insured. Loss of | dustry, and morality, and deport ans laniel } 1,200; insured $1,000. Loss of | reapects, in accordance the intercourse law Gould, l’ardee & lott, 1,900; insured 1,000. Joss | the United States.” Hereafter, no white ” of Churelr coctety, $2,150; insured $2,000. Loss of | will be allowed to tarry in the ‘nation, by Wheeler Beers, $3,500; insured 1 Loss of | permission {rem the Cherokee agent, at the request Henry May, com! ‘ho the second «of a citizen, and the a ts 31,500; no insurance. ‘Total | m ineured, $16,509. in-