The New York Herald Newspaper, September 20, 1851, Page 2

m ‘with little improvement, from father to som, among those who were born and bred to it. Happily tor the progress of mankind, the condition of the agricultural laborer hes changed in many parts of the world, and it is no small source of pride and gratification forusto know ‘tuat it is the example of America which has wrought the ebange, and restored agriculture to its original rank among the most honcrable occupations of men. It is now ® profession calling to its aid scieme? and the mechanic arte, and, in its every branch, the inventive genius of man. The farmer, instead of merely following the beaten track of his ancestor, now brings to his pursuit hisown Powers of inquiry and investigation. Chemistry teaches him the nature and quality of the ingredients composing his soil, the species of crop most suitable to its produc- tive power, and the kinds of manure he must use, and ‘the proportion of cattle he must keep to make his farm productive, As he acquires a knowledge of chemistry, ‘of agricultural geology, and of the physiology of plants ‘and animals, his crops beeme more certain, and his re- ward mor sure. Armed with knowledge, the fertility of man’s mind has discovered remedies for the sterility of cil, and found means of guarding the fruits of his labor even against the vicissitudes ot climate. This is not all. ‘The American farmer possesses the means of multiply: ‘dng laber, and thereby its reward, by the most ingeaious and effective machinery. @reat as the ratio of our farming population may be, compsred fo that engaged in other pursuits, it bears, as yet, no proportion to the quantity of uncultivated lands, We bave more soi] than people to render it productive; while the very opposite ratio exists in the old world As manual labor is expensive and procured with difficulty. machines are naturally called in to take its place without detriment to the laborer. The machine does not deprive him cf employment, it merely performs that labor for which he bas no time to spare, and without which bis No ard a higher prewiam to the inventive our OWD; mone cam boast of @ cultivation would be confined to narrower limits. country can genius of mechinists ¢! greater number of inve and the niechanic arts, bie to agriculture tural mac3ines, es- ms appl Our agri pecially, have excited the acmuration of the worid; and ‘along with our substantial achievements in that d-part- meat of inauriry, it is perhaps uot uspleasant to have exterted the testimony of Eugland, on & late oecasioa, to the ingenuity divpleyed by American inverto ‘The growth of our country is marked by the advance. ment « Agriculture ia settling our new States and agvicuiture gives eoiy pent to our works furnishes tne products of our foreign and domestic com by supplyizy the bulky arti ) tonnage of our ship bu ne markets for its insreased products, ealisfor the © ction of railroads and canals. The farms of Western New York demanded the constra of the Erie Canal, and the farms of the Western § now calls for its enlargement. As the Westetn States and territories become settled, and Itural pro- ducts accumulate, new railroads and cauals become ne- which form merce; agric our exports and in seeking eessary to furnish means of transportation to the seaboard. The West is de of seouring every avenue to the sca ¢ the pari the Missicsippi_and of St. Lawrence, the 1s of New Yok, Pe yivania, Ohio, Indiana al Diinois, and ail’ the railroads now constructed or in pro- cees of construction from the sea coast to the Mississtppi valley, And ali (hese facilities will yet prove insufticieat te form adequate outlets for the constantly accumula products cf the Western farmers. mication will be called into existence, and it ts extr doubtful whether the cepitul and’ enterprise o will be able to keep pace with the lacreased de- mands for internal improvements. ‘Thus agriculture stimulates every epecles of ind astry. and is the pezent and supporter of them all. Waat.i ‘would ask, would be the present condition of our foreign had it not been stimulated by the iacrossed What, the condition of our navy, in steamers and sailing sbips already emtstrippiog that of the first maritime mation of the ? It is the bulky products of agriculture that make up freigbts, and furnish the principal portion cf our commerce, of agriculture’ globe exchanges And it is fortunate for us, and for the preservation of our liberal instivutions, that agneulture enters so largely imto the political economy of our country. As new pursued, it developes the mind and the body, and preserves both the health and morals of our people New lines of comma- the abrogation of all ‘Tm enumerating the agricultural of our country, we are naturally to the of the tobacco plant. It is nut my here to inquire bow far the use of tehasee, Maa its forms, may be ae ~ eens, sore should epcouragt co necessaries: of life. In Holland, on the shores of the Baltic, and i other countries of Europe, I believe, it has ed as & medicinal plant, and an antidote against pre’ z ing diseases: while in some of the German States, ite ee to the general use of the weed, is enforoed law. “Be this anit the of tobacco, in soms use ape, has become ommeral in every quarter of the globe, and its production an object of national importance, Tobacco —— largely Sake cut Semign seehanen second only to cotton on our Shera, ‘There is m0 nation with which. wo trade that does not use tobacco; while in several Eure) tries itis a government mor icles from which revenue is derived. In several States of this Union it constitutes the chief staple article egriculture, and its producers are ordinary products of the farm and while in some of the Northera and N. ers of the article to a large amount for ourowa eonsump- tion, It becomes an appropriate subj set of inquiry, there- fore, whether our soil and climate are not ted to the prc duction of those superior qualities which we now im- port, as well as to those in the production of waish we excel other ‘ions of the wor! also arise whether our qualities of tobacco may not be improved so as to equal these now imported from the principal West India Islands, At all events, the action of government is imvyoked not to slacken in its endeavors to induce the governments of France, Belgium, and Austria, to abandon their present tobacco monopolies, and to open their ports to reception of ‘his, as weil as other agricultural staples of eur country 1 am aware that these endeavors, up to this moment, bave met with but little succest ; but this consticutes no valid Teason why they should bandoned, The age of mo- nopolies is passed, and the check which every monopoly imposes on otber braaches of commerce, and through it, indirectly, on the revenue, added to ourows goveramental resources, can, in the end, bacdiy fail to open the eyes of those nations, and to elfect the desired objest. IT would now invite your attention te the exportation of breadstutis, At on time, in the history ef our coua- try. a general impression prevailed that we should asver be able to export wheat aud flour to Burope. The dis- lance from Lurepean markets, the cost of trausp ria | tion. interest on capitel, imeurance, all were Sigused up against Us. to show that competition with the wheat | growere of Europe, wa: enturely ous of the question. aud | (hat we must confine our export of breadstatfs to the british North American Colonies, the West Indies, and | South America. ‘This error. however, has been corrected | by experievce. Without including our large ex- ports during. the famiue year, whem we were | almost the only sellers in ‘the markets of | Burope, our exports show a respeetuble inerease in ordi- nary years; our means of transportation have improved, jom has become cheaper, distu: by the saving of tune, and im spite of all the logubrious prophesies of our crouk-rs, we flad our far- mers competing with the principal wheat growers of Europe in their own markets! American breadsvuits have gained a permanent foothold tm the principal mar- bets the woah, ond ous ohact Soar juite as great a favorite in Mark Lane, a3 any other species of the same article imp< rted into Kaglaud. asional flactastions in prices—in particular years of large crops—must, of courre, be submitted to in the trade of all agricultural staples; but these will be met, and their influences guard. ed against by a frugal industrious people But while in the trade of wheat and four we meet with powerful rivals im the North and South of Europe— among the peosle on the Baltic wud those border- tpg on the Black Sea—the trade in Indian cora and corn meal, and in provisions, is to a great ex- tent left almost without competition, save that which proceeds from the offer of cheaper and inferior subeti- tutes. We can furnish good provisions, at lower rates, | than any other country on the globe; and Indian corn has no longer any cther real competitor in British rar- kets, than the now uncertain erops of potatoes. With this view of the subject, you will pardon me if Lat once proceed to the consideration of that important Ameci- can staple. Indian corn is, no doubt an indigenous plant of North and Soath America, having beea cultivated by the La- dians many centuries before the discovery of this conti- nent. Antiquarian researches and architestural raias show, that Indian coru must bave been grown and held in bigh esteem as the chief article of fuod by the Aztecs, and this supposition becomes the more provable, as the rincipel other grains pow cultivated in America have Cece since imtrodueed from Europe. It constitutes | Row a chief article of tood for man and the ant- ‘As long as so large a portion of our voters are engaged in | mals subject to his dominion on this continent, agricultural pursuits, we need opprehend no dauger to end an wpportant article of export to Europe, al- our republican institutions—no pernieious inflaence of | though many parts of Southern Europe have been found foreign nations on the steady development uf our wealth and power. Producing all the necessaries of life fa7 be- yono our own wants, aud importing forthe most part ‘nly the luxuries, e, whenever we choose, inl +pen- dept of the rest of world ; while other nations, pro- ducing the necessaries ot life not in sufficient queati- ties to feed their own population, and depeading om the sale of their luxuries for the supply of this deficiency, Will have a care not wantonly to inter. Fupt our peaceful relations wih them. Eagiand nce trendy © to spend her last guinea, fice her last * vo break down the cont: Murope, will not easily be tempted to build up = similar eystem in America; aud it is not to be supposed that hieh | Great Britain wisely alwtaius. As long as the great body jon is composed of owners and cultivators ether nations will press forward todo that ball remain true to out republican im happiness. and peace, not only of our 0 but of the laboring classes of all other coun! fe are now able to furnish the whole world witt: ‘and best ford aud with the cheapest and raiment. We furpich graia. provisions, and cott ‘three staple articles of commerce: greater qa end of better ualities (han 7 pation; aad time is not far distant when rega- late their . What a boundless field. thea, is opea ed to our agticultaral industry) What ample re the labor of our farmers! The command of the @apler even without the acquisition of California. secures to us the control of the precious aivcals,) must bave given us the control of the commerce o the world. Hut independent of there intermational eva- siderations, there is yet another which will naturally suggest iteetf to your winds. Our agricultural owing {to the Vast extent of our territory Cifferevees of soil and climate. a: & te fervish abundant excbanges for the 4 twade between the different states of the Uaion. 4 secure constant employment to railroads Planting and farming are the mutual allies of each other. agare, indeed. ail branches of agricultural ingastry, poteithstanding the mauy prejudices which, tm this re spect may be entertained in various sections of the coaa- try. They taken parrow view of political economy, who ean wee but rival interests growing out of the differeat produc tions of the rame coun'ry; ond they are wore tuan Digoted who, in conse uence of it, indulge in uaworthy Jealouries oF hostile senuiments towards orethrea of the game family You cannot, by legitimate means. benefit any ore branch of industry ofa great country. ut indireetly benefitting ail the rest; but when, as ia the case before us, one interest is dependent om the other— when (he producer ct the one article is the best aod | Often the ovly conrumer of the other who is se rast a to assert thai the prosperity of the one works the trary of the otber’ Cccasion, further to pursue this train of thought. My object is not to make proselytes for # particular theory but simply to show the necessary ooonection and tn timate relationship of all the branches of the same species of industry, and their harmonious ¢ ion im promoting the wealth happiness, and power of a great people, The free international af com. medities. so eagerly sought comaner. cial desideratuin of the different nations of Burepe, exists ready, by the simple operation of our federal constitution. between the different States of this Un and the prod £ less varied | t geographical divisions of ovr common country. The d ox changes of every country natatally constitute the uilk of ite entire commerce ; but in none—per ven in (bine u a pert of them + preducts of oil, os io nection with other t es of indue'ry to go 8 BLep further sider by them the principe! egricaltural prducta which enter but Ip into the potitic my Of this country. 1 dot the purpore of showing. not only how each particular branch of acrieuit yin torw aid im building up the comme ial and maritime mportance of a nation. but leo how one species of ogrieuitural ind: to the arsistance of ancther with which i Mo Becerrery connection And I mmy alee show, frei examples fyenished by our hwtory that even Products seemingly competing with each other ia the sane morkets, way yet havea tendency to create in. creased demands sor all of them With the theori ape culations of p slitheal economists, I Lave no di to meddle before this audence I ball conteat m: with presenting facts, leaving you to weke the a tion The leading American agricultural ple is cotton, and its colsivation and manufacture bate within the inet half century aeyuired ae unportanee far exer ding all other similar pursuits Toe plant, though tedigenous to of Afric: and America, had an impetus and extension unprece No branck of hu “0 Previons to the revolution, aad eves a Sdoption of the federal constitation, wet & of cotton was exported frem America; ow not only the principel article of our ex ceeding in vaiue ail other agricultural exports country.) but the great basis of our foreign ex Yo the mos! powerful lever of the commerce of ‘The cotton trade alone has guMfce revolutionize the commerce of the world. Wh fy goes, it carries with it a portion @nd power The abolition of mg the ports of Great Bri radal aristocrat: btead to the laboring masses i i E i it F f : f ! i t : “ff ut ( i : : iy ey m of Let susceed im the production of every yment and gratification of maa. bat pest rate, avd in the greatest nich contribute most to the Ato Taey furmist in themselves, the materials of a very ex\ensive iwternel yeree, employ. to a large extent, our > )4st- our Bat it i not my purpose on the present | well adapted to its crowth It recommends itevlf to the great body of consumers by its nutritious qualicies, fur exceeding those of other substitutes for wheat aad rye, now in use among the laboring classes of Europe and by the great variety of forms in which it may be prepared for food French chemists sesert that two cents worth of Indian corn will go further in sustaining animal life. than ten cepts worth of wheat, rye, or barley. There is no doubt that its consumption is increasing where, and that its production in this couatry, on the largest seale, will abundantly reward the farmer. Indian corn will, in due time, not only partially suppland the potato, (which is now am uccertain stop in Europe.) bat also compete successfully with the more valuable grains and breads! ufls Among the agricultural products entering iuto the | generat consumption of all civilized mations sugar de- ~ | servediy ceoupies a very bigh renk. It isa disputed n whether the rugar cane is indigenous to igew It bas been known gud cultivated from the eriods, in Asia, and especially in China, and is by some supposed to have been introduced into America ty the Spaniards and Portuguese, Others matatain that the cane is a plant indigenous to the New World. [ in- cline to the latter opinion. Lut leave the subject to those | who have the time and the inclination to investigate it. Sugar from cane fs produced toa great exteat in the United States, but a larg r portion ts yet imported from foreign countries. Whether the United ey ever le to produce the quapyityrequiged’ for their ova oneumption. rematns to be seen. and will ia all likeli. heed depend on the probable growing States to the Union portions of Louisiana, Texas, and Florida produce cave sugar to the extent of rewarding the cultivators; while in many of the Norther: Biates large amounts of sugar ate manufactured from the maple tree The whole qaautity, however, does not meet the demand for home cousanption, and the question has often been asked, whether some otber plaut, earily raiscd and cultivated, may not, ia part at foase, supply the deGciency ’ The cultivation of the beet-root, for the manufactare of eugar, was introduced into France, during the opera- tion cf the continental system. That prohibitory systesn, #0 long as it continued, constituted ia iteelf the amplest Protection ageinst all foreign competition bat when, upon the fall of Nepoleon. some of the French colonies which had been seized upon by Great Britain, during the War, were restored to France, and the continental system iteelf abandoned, protection, iu the shape of hign duties pon colonial sugar, was deemed necessary to sustain the cultivation of the beet root. Under Louis Philippe the growth of beet root and the manufacture of beet root rugar, received (be utmost attention and fostering care of the government. Both were encouraged by a series of legia- {lative enactments. and, for # while. a ferce struggle was maintained betweea the advoeates of the Freach colonial tystem, and the frieuds of the domestic article. The large aud nt interest of the consumer, which | required {justice to all, that both kinds of fogar +he to compete fairly for the home mar. ket, war entirely left out of the question. Mesawhils | the production of beetroot sugar imereaved more than the eutire ramowal of the protection by the iinporition of an excise duty upon it | equal to the import duty on the colonial article, that | branch of industry has maintained iteelf in defiance of ten feld in amount, and all ecanpetition 1am not aware that the soil and climate of Framer are, im apy respect, better adapted to the ation of the bect root, tham many portions of th: United States, Atall events, considering that Pras Beigiom, Saxony, other parts of Germany, and ever tmutated the example of France, with the . there is no treason to #up- Russia, hav same, if not greater sucer hat it is entirely inappiicable to the United ststes latitud se. Rituated. for the mext part, in equally favoral and subject to similar influences of climate thererore, a question wort the cultivation of the bect root, as a sugar plai not be succesfully introduced into our owa cow 8 & means of supplying the deficiency of cane ‘Ibis subject derives additional imcerest from the con- sideration Ubat rugar.iv this country, bas beceme an article of ordinary da:ly consumption, by every class of cur pepulation, and that the comfort aud well being of our industrial laborerr require thet its consumption should rather inerease Uhap dimiaish, ju proportiva to the increasing population of the United States Rice ie a pative of india, but was, at an early period of our colonial history. transplanted to the shores of South Carclina and Georgia. 1 believe I hazard nothing may try. in amertirg Chet it is now growing more iuxuriaatly oa our soil (ban on the one that gave it birch, aad that fcuth Carclipa riee, oa sect unt of its superior quaiity, commands the highest price in foreign markets. tis the staple article of a rection of country which is comparative- ly Valurives for any other epecies ot agricultural produc- en, beipg principally faised on swampygroundematurally subject to inuadation — Lt is, morvover, confined to afew jocalitivs and in quantity, though constituting @ Letet f te rive has ouly been | im southern latituder: out within a few yeate--singe the territory of Minnesota has be ‘n Cpen to seitiers— | it hie been ascertained | bet t sumall Jakes abd emampe. which dot toe map 6 try, Upom (be bead waters of the Mtesiaaip; luxuriant and spontaneous growth ot wild rice, weil d to ew Te it mot, the: gation | Of Fee, @ mative of the northern « (mate, may no | and marshes which ¥ aod remal and accusto we be penduced in the swag pe distigure our best agricultural wouter of disease aad death to erely throw out these hints to to the subject. not kaowing whe- % have preceded me I leave it to our better knowledge, and to your practical qualifica: Xone @& farmers, to a ‘ he’ that in sgrieu experience alone is the proper test of all disco eerie and improvements. i within the jest year, procured « canederable seeds of tuis ree from the Patent (fice mufficient time bas not elapse.’ to of d'flerential duties upon articies. productions «1 different species of iabor, South Carolina and Georgia tice would Dave continese to be emgorted in large guse. | tities But the i rating prices aa prom! agricviture a long ya) of and the question may | | minetion ‘be rendered equal, if not superior, to that of Rus- for all purposes to which the latter has been plied in try. ‘Thin fant readers the culture. of (ety well worth the attention of American agriculturists. Ps ag now my the second, and destined soon to be the comme! avd maritime cl of fe sare Soap wheter os cial care on ucts to fruccess of ite, commercial and naval enterprise. The capacity of our soil for the action of hemp is unlimited; while our immense ign, coastwise, and internal navigation, insure to it an ample and increasiog home market. T would fain say a few words on the culture of Mulbar- ries, in connection with the raising of the silkworm and the manufacture of Silk. Lam aware thet the experiments heretofore made have usually proved unsuccessfat; but | the enterprise resembled more @ mereantile speculation than a fair trial by practical men. I am loth to believe that within the wide range of our Northern and Southern latitudes, there should not be @ 6 favorable to the cultivation of the silkworm. Silkworms, aad the peculiar species of mulberry upon which they live, were first introduced into Asia Minor from China; and the ex- iment having succecded in Greece, in’ Turkey, in ‘rance, in Italy, in Spain, aud in Portugal, is it not rea- sonable to suppose that they would also thrive in many portions of our own country, if the attention and care were bestowed upon them which are the conditions of their growth’? Experiments have lately been made in Seuth Carolina in cultivation of the Chinese tea plant, and it the accounts I have scon are to be relied upom have entirely succeed: Why thea should not silk, an article much le. te than tea, and which has already succeeded in so many different climes, be susceptible also of profitable cultivation in the United States’ A large portion of oar impo from Europe consist cf manufactured silks, and if we could succeed in dumesticating that species of iudustry. a gree of stability would be imparted to oar foreign © mereial policy, which would serve to prevent the con- founding of political economy with partisan politics. My remarks ou the subject of apply, p-rhaps, with equal force to the cultivation of the vine. The vine isa wbtive of Arin, but has attained its highest perfection in Eurepe and Atri there is scarcely a s2ecies of | Asiatic wine knowa to commerce, some of the highost priced wines in Europe are manufactured from viaeyar ts in latitude 48° and 50°. Careful tending and manuring, and the treatment of the wine in the cask aad in the | cellar. seem to have done every thing. We have as maoy varicties of the grape as any part of the world, indigenous to our own country, and growing luxuriantly wild in wool and prairie, The greater part of them, however, remain | still uncultivated, without the least value being at- tached to them by our farmers. Yet strange to say, almost every experiment which has been made with our indigenous grape, has succveded. Good wines, far superior in quality to the ordinary bi and clarets imported into this country, are now mide from pure indigenous grape, in many portions of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Kentucky, [ndiana, [ilinois, Missouri, and doabt- less in other States of the Union; while it is well knowa that wine has long been a staple article of production in the vailey of the Rio Grande and (he southera portion of Calijoruia. The Catawba grape has shown itself admi- Tably adapted to tbe mapulacture of champazae, wii the lighter sorts of it farnivh an excelient article for the use of the tab'e. Ihave been informed that natives of Eurcpe, vow adopted citizens of the United States, are willing to pay s higher price for them than for the usaal qualities of french or German wines to which they are accustcmed. A very fair ladies’ wine is produced in North Carolina, from an indigenous grape, called scuppernong, peculiar to that State. Similar experiments have been made in other States, and it would seem as if the indigenous American grape were infinite in ite varieties, and its cal- ture better adspted to the soil and climate of this eoun- try than that cf avy other kind of grape imported either from Europe, Africa, or the Canary Islands. In view of these fact. it is certainly no wild’ conjecture to euspose that the United States will, ina very short time, pro- duce good wine soeheap and in such abundance, as to Tender it a common and daily beverage. Such a result ts not to be deprecated on the part of those most scrupulous on the subject of arJent spirits, for it isa well established fact, verified by the observation of every day, that the opulation of wine-growing countries is noted for so- brlety ‘and temperance The most sober peoplo of the ‘old world are in the wine-growing countries of southera Europe, where the article, like water, is placed on every table, free of cost, but an extra charge made for coffee, and a very exorbitant one for tea. hey scarcely ever induige in it to excess. while in Northera Russia, where ardent spirits are used as substitute for wines, intoxica- ‘ut to say a few words on a very impor- tant branch of husbandry, of peculiar interest to the American farmer. I allude to the growth of wool; an ar- bich in no rmall degree affects our foreiga and do- xchanges. So far as experience has demonstra- portions of our country are admirably adapted to the growth of wool, Im the production of no other article bas there been so great an improvement fa quan- y attempts at wool-growing t exclusively confined to the inferior breeds d the coarser qualities of wool. under the pre- valent imprersion that the Saxon, merino, South Dowas, and all ether finer qualities, could not be raised im this finer qualities of wool can be produced in this country, by similar care and attention to the breed and culture of the wep, as well as in apy pert ef Europe and to an extent beyond our resent demand The hbilis of ~ Enagland, New ud Pennsylvania, have own to be pted to the raising of sheep, and it can be doubted that the mountains of Virgi- orth Carolina, and other Southera States, are equslly favorable to the same culture, Wool and sheep- growin iso becoming an importast branch of in- dustry on the Western prairies, and it is highly probable that the rezions best adapted to them. will yet be found between the ve and the Pacific in the valleys and upon the great plains,on both sides of the Rocky Mountains, Those regions are particularly adapted to & zing. . They are for the most part elevated, dry, and ealthy. sbounding in rich grasses and pure wats extent of country to which I refer, embraces an ates more than twice thet of the original thirteen States of the Union. and is destined to be occupied by an iatelll- industrious and e race of men, not inferior To auy respect to those who inhabit the old States. Na- ture has designed it for the babitation of an agricultural people, and grazing must be their predominant pur: In the early stages of the woollen manufactures of rope, the finer qualities of wool were almost exclusivel, supplied by Spain, and the belief existed thera, ax it di here, that no othe a ity. The northern climats. it was thought, would im- pair the fineness of the staple. But the merino sheep in- well a bare! rin. their introdvetion, at tbe begtent tury, Into Saxony and Silesia, est proper care end cultivation wil) do more in thie branch of husbandry than mere climate or other favorable ad- ventitious circumetance purpere of wool-growing, is now far suyerior to the Span. ish, end its wool brings «higher price in the principal markets cf Eogliand, France and Belgium. Indeed, the finer qualities of wool are now almost exclusively sup- plied by Germany. while Spanish merino wool has almoet | entirely divappeared frm the wool mar. ets of Europe. The history cf wool growing and sheep culture in Ea- Tope is full of valauble lessons to the American farmer. It shows what knowlrdge, diligence, and care can accom- h against adverse climates and indifferent soil. The jeseon ie full of eneow t to us, and has already | stimulated the emulation of otr bustandmen iff can | read the future of this country, wool, in a few years, will become a* much an article of exportation, a» cotton, | provirtons, and breadstuffs and this notwithstanding the powerful rivalry which our wool growers ou the Pacific Will find im the progress of wool growing im Australia. ‘There is one more species of indastry, lately come into | Bre as en focident to agriculture, whieh I deem of aut | clent importance to recommend to the attention of your | societ It ts the manufseture of oil and candies from the fat of the be | as the “pral: ale The process of manufactare of | these articles ita Weetern discovery, aod is leading to important results in the agricu. ture and commerce of our country. The uses to which iard off may be ap, infipite It was firet employed asa titute for lamp cil and rperm candies; but Was cradually made to take t every epecios of animal fat or vege- ® manufactures, and is now most 4 imal kinds cf machinery, It ts also iutroduced toa very large extent in many branches of | demertic eeenomy, aod when refiaet and property pre- | pared is nerd even in the ehepe of a condi nent fr the table, of an indispenrable article of the toilette Lard Oil, it is smid, is targely exported to France, and afcer uae dergoing Yerious chemical operations, re layported into the United States, and sold in various metamorphoves, as salad oi), pematutm, or bears’ greare . I know not whether I am permitted to prees thane cepsiderations for the putpore of simulating competi- tion; but I feel quite certain that even the ingenuity of European chemisie will due tine, find ite mateh in the indigenows “Vankse ingot uity of the Uni Mean wbile I am glad to eee the lard fourth, baving no #pprehenston that they will ever seri- curly interfere with the whale fisheries of New Kaginnd, tied are almost » | the great schor| ef our sailors, and the great nursery of } our wavy On the contrary, it appears that sperm oll notwithstanding the eompetition of Lard, ts ecill eom- | manding respectable and remunerating prices; ite anze- rior qualities and the valaabie uses to whieh it may be minithed number cf wheies which com pele out hardy fisherme nto seek for them in higher and more dangerous latitudes ber, a Vet ui the cot) and an indispensable rey to the imp ment and civilization of mao. No ecuatry on eartn Ws, uses of farming. the mechanic arte, architec ship building no other country . magnificent shade trees, such ext and sacerd primeval forests, ond im no part of the work! i the reproductive power of the soil less exh than in our own, Yet wih all these iuesiou- lable advantage, and with our unbounded coal fields, the want of firewood is already felt ia some districts which, like the prairies of the West, rally destitute of timber, or in which Loe: stenmbents are consuming the article faster then it eam I reproduced in re, and ‘ te enter somewnet enthueastionily on the of cur woods, when comsderations act marel, tical, ut economical and prastical, woaid in io Promperity and success. Hemp bas long Ven, and sti continued tobe, avery —_— i owt to him, Woe dman, spare thi Recent experiments, however, go far to show | Teowntry could supply the rame qual- troduced into England soon dispeiled that prejudice, x01 of the present cen- | hed the fact that | Tne Saxon merino, for the | known in the vocabulary of the Weet | applied, operating quite as machin ite favor as tive die | in thie respect, more blessed than oure Noae can boast | of such a variety of forest trees, adapted to the various | a h | inter. ation of sforests, by only partially o leet foe thd pps aly joae_ trees the removal of which fucilitates growth of the young trees, by | the same species of tiurber can ba repro- itum, without any percaptible de- is reduced to a science, taught ia and Cy mg And tho ay not, in | this country, feel the necessity bus! our al- | most count resources of the forest, more atten- tion than has hitherto buen paid the subject is certainls due to it. It is to such societies as yours [ submit thi {hat the countay muy coulSdeatly lok for the preven. cout 01 ook for the preven- iggsemee omen oie ‘The lim:ts of this discourse will not allow me te refer to the subject of breeding domestic animals, bat I cannot omit to bring to your notice a most Falvstle quetraned —*“the Ship of the Desert’—for the introduction of which an appropriation was made by the last Congress. I have no manner of doubt that the camels which our Government is about to import from Arabia for the tranrportation of military stores, will soon become do mesticated in the sterile regions and pes of the far west. It may, in time, prove a valuable auxiliary to our internal commerce, and a convenient though com- paratively slow means of communication between fo yal territories. Lc gn ey eee purposes, a domestic animal, ¢ joint functions of the horas, the ox, and the sheep, and will, no, doubt, enter largely into the domestic economy of our people. Camels’ hair, and the hair of the Angora gcat—an animal which I yet hope to see introiuced into the Alleghany and Rocky Mountains—are the raw ma- terial employed in many of the most valuable tissues of ‘he East, and there is no reasou to doubt that with the | same raw material at our command, and with the aid of suitable machinery, our ingenious and enterprising | countrymen would in due time faraish similar, if not | better fabrics, T must now apologise for briefly iatroducing a topic not | legitimately connected with agriculture, and not properly coming within the seope of your society. I would gladly avoid it, if its introduction Were not in some ‘lezree ne- cestaty to complece the cycle of ideas which have sug: these reflections. { cannot close my remarks without referring to the mineral wealth of our country. Awerica is as rich in minerals as iu soil, and produc all valuable and useful metals in the greatest abuadance. Iron {s not confined to any particular locality. It is fonnd in various parts of New Eagland New York ; it extends throughout the whole State of Pennsylvania and the mountein regions of Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina ; it exists in large qusatities ia the states of Mirsouri, Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, and [ilinois, and on Lake Superior; farnishing everywhere the levers of civilization to an adustricus and energetic peopte. The coal region of the United States includes Pennsyl- vania, parts of Maryland, Virginia, North Caroliua, Georgia, Alabama, Tebnessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, and Vbio, aad covers tea larger than the united kingdoms of Geeat Britaia and [reiaad. Lead and zine are found ia almost every portion of the United States, but ia inexhaustible quantities ia Illinois, | Missouri, fowa. and Wisconsin. Copper is fouad to some | extent im various parts of the Union; but the great cop- | per fields are on the borders of Lake Saperios. and in | New Mexico. Gcld and silver are found in Califoraia, Oregon, and New Mexico, and along the range of the Al- | legbany mountains, in Virgiaia, North Carolina, aad | Georgia. One great peculiarity of the mining regions of America, and especially these of coal, iron, and lead, ecnsista ia the remarkable fact that the mineral is found ia large quantities beneath the richest and most productive soil; promising at the same time a rich harvest to both the miner and the husbandman. We not only produce the minerals necessary to the constructioa of tools, agricul- tural implements, and machinery, io an wlvanced state of industrial developement, bat also the precious metals, in such abundance as will eventually enable us to regu. late the standard of values, und to control the com- merce of the world Lt is writers on the subject, that mining, branch of agriculture, is at least @ kindred pur- The agriculturist draws from the earth tne organic power which sustains vegetable li x delivers her of the treasure long accamu! . Mining, like the pursuit of agriculture.ne: arm, hardens the body, and renders it capable of great physical exertion. A knowledge of mineralozy, geology, ang chemistry, is indispensable to the suceessful pursutt of both branches of industry. and will enable the farmer to look for new sources of wealth beneath the soil he cultivates; while it will iaduce the miner occasionally to turn bis attention very protitably to the external surface of the vault that covers his mining operations, 1 divirion of labor has, no doubt, its advantages as re- gards the mere cheapoess of production; but it is less conducive to the developement cf the mind, and is rarely applicable to a spartely settled country. in thus cursorily reviewing some of the chief articles of vultural and mineral production, which form the baeis of our foreign exchanges, and regulate, ia a great Measure, also, the domestic exchanges of different States of our own confederacy, the question may arise, how far the establishment of proper iustituticns, or the improvement and better adminin stratioa of those alrea- | dy in existence, may aid iu toe disreminatioa of kaow | ledge among tb aby of our industrious and iade- pendent cuitiv: of ths soil, Lhe subject i ia | pertant one, end eppeare, thus far, to have exsited but | little public attention. | It would seem, too, as if our diplometic and consul: | syetems vere organized simply im regard to the great interests of commerce and nivnufactures; bat could they not be made equally subservient to the mother interest of sgriculture aud its co-ordinate braushes | While our copsuls report on the commerce and maau- factures of foreign countries, would it not bs well to require them to report also om the different agricul | tural productions of those countries, and the improve | ments which from time to tome may be introduced ta their cultue! Might they not be made to furnish de- tailed accounts of tue differen! modes of caitivatioa, the manner of preserving crops, the cultural imple- | ments in use, and the various kinds of maoures resorted to asa means of preserving or restoring +bade, and ornamental trees, aad forward specimeas of |) reeds, roots, and bulbs, for gratuitous distribu- | tion, accompanied by proper directions for their use! | An occasional paper on the domestic animals of different countries, and the mode of breeding them, and improv- ing the breed, would be particularly acceptable, should the official business of the consui admit of such usefal | and interesting digtessions. | ‘These reports would not be expected to be mad» quar. | terly, as are those on commerce and manufactures. Aa | anpual paper would comprebend aii that is desirabie, aut | wouldcertainly be no great tax on the copsul’s tias aud | patience. In many instances all the materials for his repert would be readily furnished him by the official politeness of the roment to which he is accredited, aud, in others, be would find all the required informe tion already collected in some printed form By such simple means @ vast amouat of inform itioa lobe could be collected, which in in eg —, pn = gest the propriety of lishing @ great aa ae Society, which, in immediate ation with the Agricultural Societies in the dif- ferent States ard Territories of the Unica, aad with the Patent Office, or some other appropriate go- vernmwental Bureau, might easily possess iteelt of all tae ary information, to present in A an elaborate and comprehensive view of the agrioultu- rel condition of our whole country. That soct also be the proper medium fur receiving the of ceeds, plants, bulbs, Xo . forwarded trom foreign 0 un- tries by our consula together with the collectious which, nce existing regulations, our navy 4+ im the habit of nd of distributing them among the differeat Territories. ational Agricultural Society would aleo be the | proper channel of communic cultural exchanges, between the several loca respecully suse jational great centr iiffure know! lai And bere I msy pause to inquire whether the Smith | soniam Institute, at the reat of the national government might not, er officio, become @ colaborator aad eficient armiant of t its literaty and scientific branches! Might aot | Institute aid the Bociety fm ite periodical pablicw- | | ous and iu conjunction with it, diffuse ths grent. | eet amount of “useful kuowledge among mea '” | Burely, the philanthropic intention of the worthy founder of that institution, could not be carried out ta a | more ruitable and effective manner, than by making it thus subserve the great interests of agricuttire ia all ice branches. Whatever ite present usefulness miy be, it | the most | ean perform no higher duty than contribute | man jadustey, which is the parent and pro others, amd om which the saiety and permanence of our Institutions rest as on their broadest foundations Mr. President and Gentiemen—In briuging this dis- course to # couel usion, I am not insengible to the magal- tuve aud importance of my theme, I have approached | ie with diffidence before an auditory critically ovservant of ite great practical and philosophical truths, aud haye obeyed your fat lering request with a conscious ess that | the noble st pursuit of man demands a broader and higuer | Trach of thought than { have found time and oppo. ta- nity to bring to ite elucidation. {have sought at beast to show not oniy the dignity and value of your calling, | its influence over the destiny and e | ty but to enforce the great truth, | Lerest limks together, thrvoghout wl thy diversities of mate, and of production, the modle tubcis of may that you may Well Fejciee im your parsuits, You may weil re aoe in ite criumphs—the peacefal trimmphs of labor, of 1d of reience, may reeall with pride that il- | lustrious race cf cultivetets, who, from Cineinaatas to | Werhington, graced and ennobled agrieaiture, and | Which im turn graced and ennobled them, You may | Congratuiate yourseives upon the eondition aud attitude | of yourreowty. if in the rank of American Atates New York hoide a lofty position, the labors of ite Bate seciety will be the more widely productive of Design resuits, not only in prom: te avn husbandry, but ite bricut © | all guwr.ers of the republic. Let uted effort—to eu ib bring wiih them the country, # ‘ the gratutude of men. As the dows trou hewy ou gefeesh end 1éstilize the earth and giadden hemes of Fand@an, co wilh yout labors, steadily puewued, wisely | dirceted. and Liberally diseeminsticg tov seade ot in | Bett chee rvadion aie experience, oring fora @ rich aad pbundeut Larvert. soils’ Could | senting his annual report. | they not be induced to report on ali the variety of frait, | on him by resolations of the last (irand Lodge, ‘ational Agricultural Society, in ail | | ra) Our Washington Correspondence. Wasuinaron, Sept. 16, 1851. Texas Creditors— Meeting on the Subject—The Deb Proteo- | of Texas—General Scott—Dr. Gardiner~Mr Corcoran and the Hungarians. The meeting of the Texas creditors passed off very quietly; quite a number of creditors present. An attempt was made to release Texas of a part of her indebtedness, and advocated principally by the preferred creditors. But when the treasury note and bondholders evinced their willingness to do 80, provided the residue be paid equally (pro rata) wmong all the creditors, the preferred credi- tors ‘out, and the resolutions of the commit- tee, which were only conditionally offered, were withdrawn. Subsequently, others were offered and tabled, and it was evident that between the two sets of creditors there could be no final agreement. It is now believed that some of the preferred cre- ditors have taken rather an active part in ring the people of Texas that the bondholders will be but too 4 to accopt anything in payment; but in this they will find themselves mistaken. The bondholders will never consent to their claims being waee, ae any other class of creditors receive pay- ment in full; and the sooner the good people of Te: as are made aware of this fact, the better it will be for their true interest. 1 believe Texas could settle all her debt with sixty cents in a dollar; the balance (forty cents, and interest on penal ) in lands, at fifty cents an acre; and that, in this way, she could eave between four and five millions out of the ten millions voted to her by Congress. Bat if she attempt to discrimina:e between different classes of creditors, she will never get thom to agree, and the suspended debt will injure her credit and prevent imm‘ tion. Free of debt, Texas would soon develope her in- menge resources, and enter upon the arena of pro- ee with the most advansed State of che Union. ith the charge of repudiation against her, and the debt suspended over her head, she will olfur bat few inducements to the best class of settlers. ‘The scaling process was, no doubt, originally re- commended, or at least encouraged, by a few inte- rested persons in the State, wh» presented private claims, with a view to distribute a larger amouat of money and lands among themselves. If Texas wants to prefer a particular class of creditors, wao have rendered the S:ate personal services, she may do so with her own money, not with the money which, in honor and good faith, she is bound to dis tribute among all her creditors. Texas is not bankrupt; she is, in proportion to her population, richer than any other State in the Union, and may reward her particular friends and favorites here- after. What is now wanted n eynal distribu- tion of her means, or at leas! portion of them, among all her creditors ; and this she is bound to do, if she would maintain an honorable place in the family of States of this coafederacy. Repudiation is an exploded doctrine, even in those States which are now unable to pay; but it isa base and inex- cusable crime in a State which has abundant means to discharge her whole debt honorably. Tho swindling procegs does not become a bit more ele- vated from the fact that it isa sovereign State which commits the villany. The idea, on the part of the Texas financial /iliéusteros, that it is honest to pay back the amount realized from their obliga- tions, with interest, is about as just as would be the act of the lottery-ticket seller, who, when kis customer has drawn a prize, should refuse to pay it, but offer, as a proof of his “ moral honesty,” to refund the price of the ticket, with interest. “ How much would ‘Texas have refunded, if her attempt at revolution had terminated like that of General Lopez on Cuba! What will be the amount now paid to the Cuban bondholders ? General Scott has returned to his head-quarters in this city. He says he cares nothing for the Pre- sidency, only that his family are desirous of living in the White House, and that, for their sake, (43 likes to bumor them!) he wiil consent to rua. The General is as good a tather as he is a great copeetn. . Gardiner has placed himself at the disposi- tion of the government, to stand his trial, and defend himself against the charges brought against him by all bis accusers. r. W. W. Corcoran, our benevolent banker, has gone to New York to devise means for convey- ing all the Hungarian refugees, lately landed from Shumla, Asia Minor, to the settlement of (ieneral Ujbazy, in the State of lowa. The expense is sup- poged to be between $1,500 and $2.00). Mr. Cor- coran was asked to head a subscription for the purpose, but preferred at once to become respousible or the whole amount. F. Our Baltimore Correspondence. Baritone, Sept. 18, 1851. The Grand Lodge I. O. O. F. of the United States— Report of the Grand Secretary—The new Arch bishop of Baltimore—Highway Rob)ery—Party Politics, §c. The Grand Lodge of the I. 0. of 0. F. of the United States, is still in session in this city, and it is understood, have some very important secret business en band, especia!ly the proposition to esta: blish a degree for the wives of brothers of the sear- let degree. The debate on this question has baea warm beyond all precedent, and it is thought that the proposition will fail. The Cirand Secretary of the order, ia his annual report, sets out with a general congratulation, a3 to the prosperity and harmony of the order, and says, that at no time sinco be has had the honor of ocou- pying the office, has he had greater pleasure in pre- ndey daties, imposed have been performed, and the revision of the jour- nal of the (;rand Lodge is in the course of somple- tion. Most of the State graad bodies have paid up, although under protest, the assessment levied under the per diem and mileage law. This pay- ment, it is regretted, has been deferred, to the manifest loss of the treasury, as valuable stocks had to be sold at a price below their value, to meet deficiencies. The reports from all the States and territories of the Union, and from the sd wich Islands, are of the most flattering ter. New lodges and encampment: are being established, and the membership is increasing with and harmony throughout. A statement of receipts from all sources is given, showing the total of $13,177 88; butthis is not final, asa sup. plementary ary will be made before the close of the session. The funds in the treasury at the last session amounting to $0,007, were ex aausted in dis charge of the id diem and mileage accruing unier the law of 1419. It is estimated taat the receipts of the last fiscal year will fall short of the estimate of the committee on finance. The supplementary report willexhibit the whole state of the treasury and the condition of the order. There seems to be no doubt of the fact that the Rev. Bishop Francis Patrick Kenrick, of Pailad phia, bas been a pointed by the Pope of Rome tothe vacant Archbishoprick of Baltimore, caused by the death of Archbishop Eeclerton It is also asserted that the Kev P. Cullum, Primate of Ireland, has been deputed by the Pope to bring over the palliam and superintend the conseerstion. A young man named Gieorge Hooper, from Phila- delphia, was knocked down a few nights since in owl and robbed of his gold watch, pooket ook, & 3. The democratic, whig, and no-party politicians, have all cowpleted their tickets for the comin; election, and the campaign will now open in 4 earnest. There is still another party, calling them- selves the “ balance of power,” who declare their intention to solest from the different tiskets nomi nated, and form a ticket or themselves irresp setiv> of party. There is said to de a thousand of these votes at least, and if se, they will probably be able to exercise their power with decisive effect. | The Sate Tragedy tn HISTORY OF THE aPPrait PRESENT. (From the Batimore Sun, Sept. 18 } | Having seen various and contradictory reports concerning the tragic tate of my father and the at- tendant circumstances, I have thought it beet to rform the painful task of giving yousome facts, in reference thereto, which may be relied upon:— | Near three years ago, four negroes, between the ages of father’s, in Baltimore county, the city, into Pennsylvania. | to be free ot the age of twenty-eight, this fac’ | they knew. It bad come to the knowledge of my father that they had sold wheat, stolen from him, toafree negro A warrant was got out for th arrest of the free negro, which coming to the | of his accomplices, they resolved ( ing) to make good their escape. ‘TI vember. During the wioter it was reported that these mon were suffering for food. A colored man ‘Was vent to find them, aud them that if they would come hone and beh OD) nothing would be said to thom about their theft. They | were found, but did nos return. After having carefully provided the necessa: vouchers and papers, attended by a deputy marshel | and two constables from Philadelphia, my father, bis son (Dickinson), his nephew (Ur. Thos. T.G, | Pearce), Jeshua Gorsuch, Nathan Nelson, and Nicholas Hutchins, set out the first of last week tor the scene of intended arrest. The plan was to ar- | rest the fugitives on Wedoesday morning; but this wos frustrated by the non appearance of rine deputy marshal, who had the authority and the papers. Hoth the Philadelphia constables returned to the city, with the nnderstanding that they were to ight with new #arrants—one of them puted to act The delin- quent marshal made bis sppearance on Wednesday morbing about nine o’elock, arging as an exsase fur eteen miles frou ‘hese negroes were ‘she | bis failuce that he bad bern followed by a negro, whow be knew to be aspy. In endeavoring to elude his pursnit and prevent the discovery of his posse, hy driving, be broke bis wagon. I[t was thon egroed that they would attempt the arreston Thuge- ineteen and twenty-two, fled from my | H. Kline, and the five my father, reached ae ways were suppose ‘dann, cae bons stands near ancaster ounty, about two miles from the vi of Chris- tiana. The valley here is about three-quarters of a mile broad; quite trough like ia shape, and bor- dered with wood Acsross this valley runs a nar- row, rough lane. About one hi and fi yards from the southern border of the valley, one hundred yards from the lane that cros: stan is the house of the fugitive, connected with the larger lane by a short lane twelve feet wide. Ag this party, at this early hour, were ing along, the lane that crosees the valley, and near the house, ove of the negroes, who was recognized as Nelson, came tothe mouth of the short lane, and, upom: it, seeing these men, ran towards house, all the party in full chase. The negro barel; de his escape. One man was stationed at each corner of the house to guard the windows. The house is two stories in height, and the negroes were all up stairs. The Marshal and my father entered the house, Mr. Kline asked for the owner of the house; told. them he was an United States Marshal, and that ha came for the purpose of arresting Mr. Gorsuch’s slaves, Nelson and Josh. He then read to theae the warrants, and while doing this he heard then loading their guns up stairs. The Marshal and my father started both together to go up stairs, the latter having first called to Nelson that he saw him, and told him that if he would come dowe poomeatty and go home with him, he would treat jim as kindly as before he ran away. lesis:ance, he said, would do no for he came with tho premet oflicer and authorisy, and he would not leave the premises without his property. While they were on the steps, and inten fing to proceed, one of the negroes struck at them with a stait shod with sharp iron. My father then turned, aud went out ofthe door. Just as he got out a gun was fired at his head from one of the windows, but the aing was too bigh The Marshal coming out just be- hind him, fred his pistol in the window. Again they went in, and starting to go up the eteps, ax axe was thrown down at them, which, however, passed harmlessly by them In this way a litle tkirmisoing was keot up between the negroes at the windows and the young men outside, and bo tween thoe at the head of the steps and the two men in the Louse. During this period the warrants were read three times, the law wes explaioed, they were advized and entreated to give up the two slaves, and assaredy that the arrests would be made even if blood must be shed. A missile had been thrown oat of the window and had wounded Pearce in the head: he had attempted to shoot but the cap only exploded. At last they gave the negroes a detinite time to de- cide; the watch was heli, but before the time ex~ pired a white man rode up to the bars in the lane. His presence inspired the blacks; they immediately raised a shout, and became confirmed in their op- paaee. When the marshal saw the man at the bars, e went to him and called upon him in the name of the United States, to assist in arresting the fugi- tives, showing his warraat, reading his authority, and telling him the inevitable consequences of re= fusal. Another white man was also present durin, this conversation. The reply was that he sot not assist; and that they bad better go home, for they sane muke no arrests there, or blood would) e spilt. Before, during, and after the conversation with, this maa as the bars, negroes were arriving from every quarter, some on horseback and others on foot, armed with guns, pistols, clabs, corn-cutters, &e. They seemed to be scattered all around upon the first of their arrival, but most of them were ga- thered in knots rear the place where the white man on horseback and the marshal were talking, engeged in loading their guns. At the close of the conference the maribal called to his party to retire, saying that he would not press tho arrest further, and that he would hold this man responsible for the property. Then toe mar- shal and two of the young men loft. My fi was then pear the house, his gon, Pearce, Joshua Gorsuch not far from him, still guarding the house to keep the slaves from escaping. Jast asthe marshal and the two young men fee, the Quaker on the horse said something to the negroes that had assembled near kim, when they set up a most hideous yell aud rushed towards the house, the negrens in the house at the same time rushing out, and whooping like savages, met the advaacin, gang around my father. They were four men, a! armed with pistols, it is true, opposed to about one hundred infuriated, b)ood-thirsty, howling dem ns. As soon a3 theese two gangs met in the narrow Llano, the atcack was made upon the diminished band by a vegro from behind striking my father on the head, which caused bis to fall forward on his knees, when he was snot several times, and cut over tho head with corncutters When the young men near him saw him fall. Dickineon avd Jorbua ran to him and discharged their pistols into the crowd thas was jiardering him, Pearce hav beea cus off from them by the negroes Who advenced trom tue bars. As Dickin= :on Was shooting immediately over his father, hit revolver was knocked out of his hand by a club vtrikirg him upon the aru, near the wrist. Taea @ negro chet bim in the right side and arm, lodging more than seventy Jarge soutinbim. The negroes were whooping snd yeiling with savage glee over their victim, ond the con, nephew, and cousin started, to save their lives. "They all ezsapod from, this narrow y the scene of the awful conflict, into the larger lone that extends seross tho valley and the woods on ei‘hor side. Dickinson, stagger- ing under the stanuing effects of his wounds, blood gushing from bie mouth and streaming from hig arm and side, took the southern end of the lane, and, in a distance of a hundred yards, reached the edge of the wood, falling down by a large stump, exhausted. Some of the dends followed and would have most cruelly murdered him, buton old negro, who bad been in the atiray, threw himself over his body, aud called upoo them, for God's sake, to as- sist him, for he would soon die anyhow! Dr. Pearce and Joshua Gora took the other i ng tothe woods on t her side of the valley, which were more than halfamile istant. Pearce sept the lane, and after hin rashed the whole band of » shouting and shooting prery Jump, a distance of three hundred yards. Im his flight he overtook the Quaker on the horse, and Strovo to keep him between himself and his pur- suers, to which coureohe ascribes the salvation of his hfe. At the distance of balfa mile from the negroes’ house, hoe reached a dwelling, and bolting in, asked two ladies, who were then tke only per= sons whom he raw inthe house, to protect him. They expressed foar levt thenegroes might come and Gnd him there, and kill them for concealing him. He told them he would not expose them to dangor thep, and turned to go vut, when they consen‘ed to Soon his infuriated pursuers came to lasked if he was not there. Thoy teome one had gone past, and they kept on to the woods, which they searched and guarded until Jete at night, to find and to butcher their desired victim. Josbua Gorsuch, who had received a viok house to tho ing it in advance of Peat Him the overtook and beat over the head with clubs uncil it was suppored they Lad killed him; but he got up and went on up the lane as far ashe could. Uno negro, who had chaved Vearce farther than the rest, as he was returning strask him (Gorsuch) over the bead with a clud t last he reached the woods, completely crasod by the blows be had re- ceived. There he was found by the Marshal, and taken to a place of satety Dickineon did not lie long before some came avd removed bim to Mr. Levi where he no lies, attention that ki entleman ‘vwoall’s, aud where | now write. Every cess can suggest and charity ex- ecute is bestowed upon him. At first it was thought he could not live until night; but through the caro cf his physician, and the blessings of God, he hat been gradually mevding ever since, and now wo have strong hopes of his revovery. De. Porras wat conducted to the house where Diekinson ts, about | four or five o'clock the sane afternoon. Josuua es= | caped that evening to York, where friend took | ina Ng him. He is new out of danger and | ell. an be golly ng to oume = know that the proceedings now in progress will bring to light t | fecret of chis bleed) a air, A nogre of Pihisdele | | pres fame that followed the Marsha! on the | first night—found out by some means, fair or foal, the names of the negroes to be taken, aad other Nees connected with my father's plan, intelligence to the neighborhood. The abolitionists ana negroes together spread the news, and thus brought together the most of the ne- We have t! n who in~ to shoot, and defied the M quite @ numbr of the astors in that ful ecene, but not all of thy The law will now lly tested, I suppose. have written this by the advice of fiends, and Painful task is perfor . Gonave! Naval Intelligence. 8. sloop Cyane, at Norteie, on Wedaesliy, roe er officers and erew on board, and was put im ommision The following is a list of the off-ors now attached to her:—Joha Stone Paine, Req , commander; Lieutenants W.D Hurst, A Wier; Surgeon, Solomon ceive: Sharp; Asisiant Surg George Peck; Purser, G. I. White; Pasted Midshiptean, Francia Gregory; Midship- men, RC Chapman, 0 0 Hammond, —= Boakman; Beats wain, Felix Hughlett; Canger, R 0. Barnard; Penter, i. W Barnieont; Sailwater D 0. Brayton; 1k, dB Hope —— inder Frcciklia Buchanan has teostved orders to duty atthe United <catee f Commander & & Cu te the Untied sintie , States frigate Couge sa. © sever, on Kio Janeiro, od wis, Lo sail om the Oth, fur Atontes ideo,