The New York Herald Newspaper, January 4, 1851, Page 5

rrr oe ere LORD CARLISLE’'S (LATE LORD “ )KPETE) LECTURE IN ENGLAND ON AMERICA, (teem the Leeds (England) Times, Deo 9.) ‘On Friday night Pope bres elivered his lec- ture, at the Leeds Mechavies’ [nstitution, in which he described the impres-ievs produced on his miad during hie visit to the United States, Canada, and Cuba. The hall was xyain densely crowded, and his loréehip was welcomed wim unbounded enthu- siasm. In the orchestra wrre the Mayor, (George Goodman, Esq.,) J. G Marshall, Esq, and W. Beckett, Eaq. (the members for the borough,) Ala Sidney, M.P., W. KR © Stansfield, Eeq, > Beg p uddersfield). the Hon. and Rey. the Dean of Ripon, Major Daveymonth, Xe, &e. The sister of Lord Carlisle, Lady Mary Howard, was present, as well as sone o' her ladies of distinction. Lord Canuis.e did not commence the delivery of his lecture until about halt- past eight o’clock, when, after one or two prefatory observations, he pro- ceeded as follo it may be kaown to some of ‘those whom I have the pleasure to see around me, that when circumstances to which I need not tur- ther allude, occasioned a breach, temporary in- deed, and soon repaired, ia my connection with the West Riding of Yorkshire, whun, as the hragse Tuns, some of your neighbors, and pro- bly of yourselves, had piven me leave to go upon my travels, I thought I could make no better use ef this involuntary Jeisure than by acquiria: some personal knowledge of the United States o America. | accordingly embarked in the autuma of the year 1841, and speat about one year in North America, having, within that period, passed near, ever the length and breadth of the republic, tro at least the soil of twenty-two out ef the twenty- six States of which the Unien was thea composed, and paid short visits to the Queen’s dominions in Canada, and to the Island of Cuba. I determined to keepa journal during my travels, and only at the end of them to decide what should become of it. When it was completed, I found that it was written in too hurried avd desuitory a manner, and ‘was too much confined to my own daily proceed- ings to make it of much interest to the public at darge ; still more strong!y | felt that, after having been received vith uniform civility and attention, may, I may eay, with real warmth and openness of ‘heart, J should not wish, even where [ had nothing but what was most fevorable to commuvicate, im- mediately to exhibit myself as an inquisitive obser- ver of the interior life to which 1 had been admit- ted; and this very feeling would probabiy have dis- alified me for the office of un impartial critic. Yow, however, thatadove eight years have elapsed since my return, in turning over the pages then written, it has seemed to me allowable to endea- vor, for a purpose like the present, to couvey a few of the leading impressions which [ derived from the surface of naiure, avd of society, as they exhibited themselves in the new worl It must follow, necessarily, from such limits a8 could be allowed to me on en occasion of this kind, that eny account which | can put together, from materials so vast and so crowded, must be the most superficial skimming of the subject that ean be conceived; all | cao auswer for is, that it shall be faithful to the feeliogs excited at the mo- ment, and perfectly honest as far as it goes. I must premise one point with reference to what [ e just now glanced at—the use of individual names. I came in contact with several of the pub- lic men—the historical men, they will be, of the American republic. [ shall think myself at li- berty, oceasionally, to depart in their instaace from the rule of strict abstinence which I nave other- ‘wise preecribed to myself, aud to treat them as pub- dic property, so long as I say nothing to their dis- adventage. On the other hand, the padlic men of the United States are not created faultless bemga, compriring the six Malta States of the Uniga, oti! retuin much Mt the Puritan tenets and Rabies of their immediate ancestors—their Pilgrim F sthers Before I leave Boston, let me add one obs-rva- tion on a lighter topie 1 lodged at the Tremou Hotel, which was admirably conducted, lke very mapy of those imposiag establishmen’s in the chi~! cities of the Union lere I learned that one is ap to receive talse impressions at first; was struck with the clean, orderly, agile appearance of the waiters. ‘The Americans beat us hollow in wau- ers,” was my inner thought. On inquiry, I found that of the 25 waiters in the house, four were English, and 21 Irish. I could nov help wishiag that a large number of Irish might come and be wai'ers here for a little while. Within three or four days of my landing, I grew impatient to see the Falls of Niagara without loss of time. If any sudden event should have summoned me home, I feit how much I should have grudged crosring the Atlenuc without having been at Nu- gara; und I also wished to look upon the autumn Unts of the American forest, before the leaves, alreedy beginning to fall, had entirely disappexred. The Western Railway, which appeared to me the best constructed that I saw in America, took me to Albany, a distance of two hundred miles. The money carrieges, always there called cars, con- sist of long rooms, rather like the dining room of a steam packet, w stove inside, often a most de- sirable addition in an American winter; and you enn change your seat or walk about, as you choose They are generally rougher than our railways, aad the whole getting up of the line is of a she and cheaper character. They do not impede the view so much as with ua, as they make no scruple of dashing across or alongside of the main street, in the towns and villages through which they p: but I ought to remark about this, as about every: thing besides, that the work of progress and trans- formation goes on with such rapidity, that the in- terval of eight years since my visit, will probably have made a large portion of my remarks thorough- ly obsolete. ‘The New England country, through which we pared, looks cheerful, interspersed with frequent villages and numerous churches, havisg the marks at the same time, of the long winter and barren soil with which the stout puritan blood of Britain hes so suecessfully contended; indeed, the only staple productions of a district which supplies sea- men tor allthe Union, and ships over all the world, are said 10 be ice and granite. Aibony is the capital of the State of New York, the Empire State, as its inhabitants love to call it, and itis a name which it deserves us fairly as ever old Yorkshire would deserve to be called the em- pire county of Engiand. Itis rather an imposing town, rising straight above the Tendre river, gay with some gilded domes, and many white marble columns, only they are too frequently appended to houses of very staring red brick. From Albany to Utica the railroad follows the stream ef the Mo- hawk, which recalls the neme of the early Indian dweilers in that bright valley, still retaining its swelling outhne of wood covered hills, but gay with prosperous villages and busy cultivation. on perhaps, still more struck the next evening, though lt Was a more level country, where the railway passes in the midst of the uncleared or clearing forest, and suddenly bursts out of a tine glade or ceder swamp into the heart of some town, proba- bly four, three, or two years old, with tall white houses, well Jighted shops, billiard rooms, &e.; undemerging, as we did, from the dark shadows intotbe tult moonlight, the wooden spires, domes, and porticos of the infant cities, looked every bit as if they been hewn out of the marble quarries of Canada. Iam aware that it is not the received opmion; but there is something, both in the out- ward nspect of this region, and on the general state of riety accompanying it, which to me seemed eminently poetical. Whatcan be more striking or stirring, despite the occarional rudeness of the apy more than the public men ef other couatnes; it must not, therefore, be considered, when men- tion with pleasure anythinng which redouads to their credit, that I am inteading to preseat you with theie full and complete portratts It was on the 2ist of Oc'ober, upon a bright crisp Morning, that the Columbia steam packet, upon which | was a paseeig turned the lighthouse outside the harbor of Bostoa. The whole effect of the scene was cheerful and pleasing; the bay is studded with small isiaads, bare of trees, but eneraily crowned with some sparkling white Guiding frequently rome publicestablisbment. The town rises well from ‘he water, ond the shipping and the docks wore the look of prosperous coor amerce. Aas | stood by some American friends, ac: quired during the voyege, aud heard them point out the familiar Villages, cod villas, aad institu- tions, with pstriotic plensure, Leould not aliogeth. errepress some slight mut not grudging envy of those who were to bring s) long a voyage (0 an end in their own count idst their own fimily, within their own home. [am not aware that t ever ageia experienced, dam g my whole Ameri- can ecjourn, the peculiar treting of the stranger. It was indeed dispelied ot the moment v hea their flag-ship Columbus geve our Columbus a dis’ ‘qhubed, end J thought rother touching, reception; the crew menned we vards, cheered, and their band played firat “God save the Queen,” and then “Yenkee Doodle.” I spent altogether, at two different intervals, about « month in Bostou. TL look back with fond recollection to its well-built eireete--the swelling dome of tte Swte-hous:s—the pleasant walks, or what is termed the Commoa, # park in fact of moderate size, in the ceatre of the city, where | amade mys first acquaw'anee with the bright winter sunsets of America, sud the preuliar transparent green ant opal tints which stripe the sli abem. The long wooden causeways iwner harvor, which rather recalled Sc Peters: burgh to my recollecuou The newly erecied grenite obelisk on a neighboring height, which certainly had no affieuy with St Petersbargh, as ‘it was to mark the spo’, sacred to an American, of the battle of Bunkers Hull, The old elm cee at the suburban universit ¢ which Wasbiagwon drew his teke command of the national army. The shaded walks and giades on Moust Aueura, the beaunful cemetery of Boston—to which none we yet have can be compared; bat w. L crust, before long our Chadwicks and Paxtons may enable us to imitate, wad perhaps to excel; these are some of my external recollections of Boston, but there are some fonder still of the most refined and animated social Intercourse—of bospitulities which it seemed impos- sible to exhausi—ol triendships, whieh | trast can pever bee Boston appears to me certainly, on the whole, the American town ia whieh au Ene glirhman of cultivated oud hterary tasves, or on hilanthropic pursuits, would feel himself must at ome. The residence here was dered partic: arly egreeable to me oy a ineadshiy with one of = ta inbatitants which | hed previously made in | England ; he barcly yet comes within my rule of exception, but ldo pot wive up the notion of his | becoming ove of the bistorica: men of his couatry. | Tlowever, itis quite cpeo tor me to meat of those with Whom, manly throagh Ate ia tion, | here became wequas There was Justice Story, Whose r pulat sod authority commentator and expound: r of law, stands high wherever lew is koowa or hovored, and who was what at least is more generally attractive, one of the mort geniel end eoyie heared of mea. He 8 country—espe- sald kindle up and u,on Lord Hardwick or Lord Manslicid. bs un American always begins, “on the prairies of Illinois this day Lord Mansfieid admiuicters the law of com- merce.” He had alew a very exalted opinion of the judgments of Lord Stowell, which his Own sivdies and practice hid led him thoroughly to Qpppreciate, and | my permit myself to say that be had formed a tigh estunate of the jadicial powers of Lord Cotteuhin Ta edmit one thing; when be was in the room, few ochers could get ‘Word, but it Was Impossdie to resent thia, for talked evidently not io bear down others, but be- cause he could not help it Then there was Dr Channing 1 could not near him preach, as h phyticai powers - nearly exhausted; but o one or two accasiogs I Was admitted to his house. You found a fragiie frame, aed a dry manner, but felt that you were in a presence ia which the re, buse, or selfish, could © wae the painter Alston, @ of reel genias, Who suffices to prove What the domain of the fine arts, thigh certainly not hitherto the moet congrmal to the American sotl, may be suce wily bee tent, to wee their eurrect phrase, into wonexavon with it. These, alas, have wince my Visit all been tisen away. la the more dmmedia'e departoen: ef leiters there are, happily, @everal Who yet rei Mr Baneroft, the able and animeted bistoriaa of hie own eouairy—Mr. Ticknor, who has ciplaved the resources of ‘well-stored and accomplished mind in his recent ‘Work on the literature of Sparn—Mr. Longfellow, with whose feeling aud graceful poetry mauy mast be acquainted—Mr Everson, who has been he ard avd eouared in this country and | erowa my hat th Me. Prescott, the historian of Ferdiaand and Hla, of Mexico and Pera, with respeet to Whom, Curing the visit he pad to Eaglind dari; the lest summer, | had the eutisfaction of witness: ing how all that was mo t eminent in this country contirmed the bigh estimate | had myself formed Of bis bead, and a higher one of his neart, The publi institutions of Boston are admirably conducted. The public or common schools there, ae, | believe, in New I generally, are sap enalleontribate, aud Tom not naturally now disposed westion how far this syetem would being traneplaned and engrafted on our polity; it would be uncaudit if Lard mot state that the uuiversality of the sastrucion, aud the excel lence of what fll veder im. «wa observation, pre- d 16 WY Mind eooe morotyies points of con Gract wih heat We have ni here eff-cted at hom Tt ia well known thet « tutee proportion of the more wealihy avd ed the sven iy of Berton belong to ihe Vow cso persaawous bat « considerable nomivr of tee maddie etas eepecaaliy of the rural populacoa of New f:rme, than all this enterprise, energy, and life, swelling up in the desert ? At the towns of Syracuse, of Auburn, and of Rochester, | experienced the sorcot feeling which takes away one’s breath; the process seems going op before one’s eyes, and one hardly knows whether to think it as grand as the Jhad, or as queint #8 en Harlequin farce. I will quote the words | wrote down at the time :— The moment ie vot eome forme yet; ifitever should come, te make me teel myself warranted in forming speculations upon the results. upon the guarantees for future endurance and stability; all that { can now do is to mark and to marvel at what is before my eyes. [ do not think I am deficient in relish for antiquity and asseciation. { know that Iam English; not in pig- headed adberion to everything there; but ‘in heart, to ite last throb; yet I cannot be unmoved and callous to the ronrirg of foung America. in such legitimate and laudable directions too; aud I fecl that it is already not the Irast bright, and may be the most enduring title of my country to the homage of mankind. thac she has produced such » people. May God employ them well for his own bigh glory. 1 um bound here in candor to state, that I thiak what | first saw ia America was, with little ex- ce tion, the beet in its kind—such was the society of Bostoa—such was the energy of progress in the western portion of the State ol Ne ork. At Koehester a odd coincidence occurred to me—strikung enough, | think, to be mcauoaed, theush it ouly coweerned myself. After the ar- rival of the rasway cars, end the usual copious meal of tea and meat that ensues, I had been waik- tog about the towa, which dates only from 1812 aud then contained 20,000 inhebitents, and, as was returning to the hotel, | eaw the word * Theatre’ written up. Wishing to see every- th ny in a new county, I climbed up some weep feu, nto What was lille better than @ gariel, were Tfourd a rade theatre, snd rader sudience, consieung chilly of boys, who took delight ia ove another, There was something, how- ever, at which | had a right to fee! surprised = laa ploy house of etroilers, at a towe nearly 500 nules in the anterior of America, which thirty years before hed po existence— hus coming in by the merest chance, | saw upoa the droseene the mert urate representation of my own house, Neworth Castle, in Cumberland. A great improvement has recently occurred in the vomenclature of this district; formerly a too seal surveyor of the State of New York had bristened—1 use a wrong term--had heathen sed, 'o meke a new one, all the young towns and vil lages by the singularly inapplicable tides of Uuca, | ithaca, Patmyra, Rome; they are aow reveruag | to the far more appropriate, and, | should say, more hermonicus leeway memes, indigeaous (0 the soil, such as Oneida, Ononday I thought my errivel at Nisgara very exciting. We hed come to Lockport, where there is a chara of inegoiticent locks of the Erie cans!, one of the great public works ef Amer end whiell his | dove much to enrich the empie & d York; the surpius of the receipts ea | execute a variety of other public works. rived too lute for the usual pv | The preprietor of the stage coach reed to give me, With one or two othe lishmen, & lumeer wagon to convey us lo the Falls. The colonel, for he was one, u8 | fonud the drivers of the coaches ve bis team of four horses himself wud ‘he stage coach driving in the ceeribably reugh, bus the drivecs often were, I generally United Si ere by their nemes, i reasonable beings, to which they seemed quite to respond Altogether, the strangeness | ot the vehicle, the cloudless beauty of the night, the moonlight streaming through the forest lades, the mectiug of a party of the Tuscavarala | Giens, who still have a settlement here, the first | hearng th se of Niagara, about seven miles off, | and the growing excitement of the nearer approach, | | gave to the whole drive a most stirring and enjoy- | able character. When | arrived at the hotel, the | Cataraet House,| would not anticipate by any moon- | light glimpses the first. disclosures of the coming | day, but reserved my first visit forthe clear light | and freshened feelings of morning I stayed five dwys at Ningara on that occasion; [ visited it aga twice, having travelled several thousands of miles in eech interval. Lbave thus looked upon it in the | | late autumn, in the early spring, aud in the full summer. Mrs Butler, in her charming work on | America, When she comes to Niagyra, stys only, “ Who can deseribe that sight?” aad with these | words fine hes her work. There is not merely the difficulty ot fiadingyedequate words, but there is a simplieity absence, os | should eay, of incidents in the scenery, or ot least so eotire a subordination of them to the maia great spectacle, that attempta | at description would seem inapplicable, as well as impotent. | have andertaken, how. | ever, the endeavor, however ioadequately, to piace before you the impressions whieh | a-tually derived from the mest promiment objects that | saw in America; bow then can 1 wholly | omit Niegara? The firet view neither in the it pointed nor surprieed, but it wholly satistied i to be complete, and that nothing could nature, majesty, might, are the first 3 On nearer and more fami- reciated other attributes and beeuties—the emerald crest—the sees of ay — the rainbow wreatha. Pictures and panoramas hid given me & correct apprehension of the forms and oudlme, but they fail for the same reason as Jan- guege would, ty impart an idee of the whole effect, which is not picturesque, though it is sublime ; there ie, aleo, the technical drawhack in. paiutin, of the coutinuovs mass of white, and the line of tbe commit of the fall is as smooth and asevea asa | commen mill dam. Do not imagine, however, th the cilret could be improved by being more pic- tureeqne, just as there are several trivial and un- sight y buildings on the bauks; but Niagara can be mere spoiled than iteen be improved Yoa would, when on the spot, no more thiok of complaini thet Niogara Was not picturesque, than you wou remerkio the shock # clang of battle, that a trumpet sounded our of mn Living at Niagara was not hke ordinary Ie; it's not over loud; but conttunt solemn rost, bas in iteelf a mysterious e und. Te not the bugheet voice to whieh the an verse cen ever liste compared by inapiration to the eornd of meny weters! The whole of exis tence there hee a efecmy, bat aot # frivolous im press; you feel that you are not ia the common © cd, bat ip fe eublimest temple. | 1 | | | I paturally left such a place and much a life with keen regret; but I was already the lest visiter of ihe year, and the hotels were ubout to close. [| wes told that I had sane been too late for the beet Gute of entumn, or “ fall,” as the Americans piet quely term that season, Gud that they were wt ne time so vivid that year as was usual; [ saw, however, great richnesa and vanety of hue. think the bright soft yeliow of the sugar maple, and the dun red of the black oak, were the most rematkable. These, end the beech, the white cedar, the hemlock spruce, the hickorv, with oc. cee ‘iy the chesout ond Walnut, seemed the prevatliug tees in all this district. 1 caa well imegme a person being disappointed in the Ame- heap forest trees; such as those of Weatwor:h or Coste Howard (may L soy) seem the exception, aod not the rule The massof themrun to height, ond are too thick together, and there i3 a great de#l too much dead tir; still there is great charm and freshness in the American forest, derived pardly, perbaps, from association, when you took through the thick tracery of its virgin glades Op my way back, | paid two visits #¢ country- houses, one to an old gentleman, Mr. Wadsworth, most distingui-bed in aopearance, name, aud un- aerstonding, who had settled where | found him fifty years before, when he had not a white neigh- bor within thirty niles, or a flour mill within fifty; he lived entirely surrounded by ludians, who have now dirappeared. On one occesion there had been areview of u corps of miliua. A neighboring Iodian chief hed been present, and was observed to be very dejected; Mr. Wadsworth went up to him, offered refreebment, which was usually very ac- ceptable, but he decliaed it; upon being pressed to say What was the matier, he answered with a deep sigh, pointing to the east, “You are the rising stn’’—then to the west—“twe are the setting. The face of the country is now indeed changed; a small flourishing town, the capital of the county, stretches from the gate; and the house overlooks one of the richest and best cultivated tracts in Americe, the valley of the Genesee. I fancy that quotations of the price of Genesee wheat are fa- mnili#r to the frequenters of our corn markets. My host was one of the comparatively few persons in the Unied States who have tenants under them holding farms; among them I found three York- shireman trom my own neighborhood, one of whom showed me what he called the ‘-gainest” way to the house, which I recognised as a genuine York- shire ‘erm; he told me that his landlord was the hret nobleman in the country, which was clearly not wn Americanism. While on this topic, I may mention that on another occasion | was taken to drink tea at a farmer’s house in New England; we tad been regaled most hospitably, when the farmer took the guide, who bad brought me, aside, and asked what portof Engiand Lord Morpeth came from? ‘From Yorkshire, 1 believe,” said my frend “Well, 1 should not have,thought that, from his manner of talking.”’ was the reply. My other visit westo Mr. Van Buren, who had been the last President of the United States, and who, I suspect, shrewdly reckoned upon being the next; 1t seemed, indeed, at that time, to be the general expectation among hia own, the democrats, or, as they were then commonly called, the loco- foco purty. He was at that time living on his tarm ot Kivderhook; the house was modest, and ex- tremely well ordered, and nothing could exceed the courtesy and fulnees of conversation. He was full of enecdotes of all the public men of bis try. Iu his dining room were pictures of Jeflerson aid Geueral Jackson, the great objects of his oli- neat devotion, On my return through Albany, I had @n interview with Mr. Seward, then for the 8 coud lime Governor of the State of New York. 1 find that 1 noved at the time that he was the first perecn I had met who did not speuk slightingly of the abolitionizts; he thought they were graoually gaining ground, He had already acted a spirited part on points connected with slavery, especially in a Contest with the Legislature of Virginia con- cerping the delivery of fugitive slaves. J approwched the city of New York by the Hud- ron. The whole courge of that river from Albacy, as seen from the decks of the countless steamers that ply along ingularly beautiful; especially where it forces a passage through the barrier of the Highlands, which, however, afford no features origged grandeur like our friends in Scotland; but though the forms are steep and well defined, teeir rich green outhnes of waving wood, ioclosing in smooth, meny-curved reaches, the satl-covered borom ot the stately river, present nothing but soft ood snnling imeges. I then took up my winter quarters et New York. I thought this, the com- nie revel and fashionable, though pot the politcal capital of the Union, a very brilliant city. To give Ihe best idea of it, I should describe it as some- thicg of a fusion between Liverpool and Paris— crewded quays, long perspectives of vessels aad mosis, busuing streets, gay shops, tall white house, and @ clearsky overhead. ‘here is an ab- rence of solidity in the general appearence; but in some of the new buildings they are successfully wveiling themselves of their ample resources in white marble and granite. At the pernt of the battery where the long thoroughfare of Broadway,extending some miles, pushes its preen fringe into the wide har- of New York, with its glancing waters and -eful shipping, and the long raking masts, which k so diff rent from our owa, and the soft swelling ne of the receding shores, it has a sj cha- au recter end beauty of its own. I spentabouta month here very pleesantly; the society appeared to me, ov the whole, to have a less sold and really re- hicd charecter than that of Boston, but there is more of animation, gaiety, and sparkle, inthe daily lite. Ip point of hospitality neither could excel the other. Keeping to my rule of ovly mentioning no mes whieh already belong to fame, | may thus disnoguish the late Chancellor Keut, whose com- mentantes ere well known to professional readers; he bed been obbged by what Pihiok the very un- wise law of the State of New York, to retire from bis high legal flice at the premature age of sixty, and there I fouad him at seventy, fall of boyish srimeten ond vigor, which, combined with great ein platy, mace bis conversa‘ion most sgreeable— Weshington Irving, a well known fieme boch to Ameren end Engiich ears, whose nature appears a> gevile and kindly as his works—! cannot well give Ligher prairee—Mr. Bryant, in bigh repute as @ port, Bn I had the sure of making acquam'en-e with many of the femilies of those who hed been the foremost men of their country — Hamiltons, Jays, and Livingstone. 1 lodged at the Astor House, a lerge hotel conducted upon a splendid seale; and | cannot refrain from one, L ter, rather sensual allusion to the oyster cellars of New York; inno pert of the world have Lever been pleces of refreshment as attractive; every one Fecms to eat oyeters all day long. What signifi more, the public institutions and schools ere there also extremely well condocted. The churches of the diflerent denominations are very numerovs end well filled. It is my wih to touch very lighly upon any point which among us, even tome of tis now here, may be matter t dispute and controversy; |, however, dy think thet the experience of the United s does not, as yet, enable them to decide on either side the argument, between the estab- lished ard voluntary systems ia religion. ‘take the towns by themerlves, and [think the voluntary rincijle appears fully adequate to satisfy all re- jivions exigencies. Then, it must be remembered, that the clase which makes the main difficulty tleewhere, ecarcely, it at all, ex! in America. It ie the bleseed privilege of the United States, and it is one which goes far to counterbalance many | draw backs at which I may have to hiat, that they realiy have not, #8 a class, any poor amoag them. A_ reel (beggar is whet you never see. On the other hand, over their immence tracts of territory, the voluntery m has not enfliced to produce sufficient religious accommodation; it may, how- ever, be trnly questioned whether any establish- ment could be equal to that function. This is, however, one among the many questions which | the ggg experience of America has not yet solve Ag matters stand at p,event, iadiflerence to relig not be fairly laid to her charge. Probably religious extremes are pushed further then eleewhere. There certainly is a breadth and universality of religious liberty, which I do not re- gard without some degree of =v Upon my progress southwerd, [made a compara- tively ehort halt at Philadelphia. This fair city hes not the animation of New York; but it is eminently Well built, t, aud clean beyond pereilel.” The streets are all at right angles with | each other, end bear the names of the different trees of the country. The houses are of red brick, and moetly have white marble eteps, and silver knockere, all looking bight, and shining under the efleet of ous and perpetoal washing — It still seems like a ft constructed by (luakere, who were its original founders, but by Quak become rather dandified. The waterworks estab- liched here are deservedly celebrated; each house can have much water as it bkes within and without at every moment, for about 184. a year. | he pe our towns will be emulous of this great ad- ventege I think it rightto eay, that in our general arrangements for heath and cleanliness, we appear tome very much to excel the Americans, end our people look infinitely healthier, stouter, rosier, and jolher, The greet proportion of Americans with whom you converse, would be apt to tell you they were dyspeptic; whether principally from the dry quality of their atmosphere, the comparatively ttle “exercise which they take, or the rapidit: with which they secomplish their meals, I will vot take upon myself to pronounce. There is one point of advanteze which they turn to secount, +syeeially in all their new towns, which is, that their imme nse command of space enables them to isclate every house, and thus secure ao ambient armoephere, for ventilation lo my first walk through Philedelpbia, | passed the glittering white merble poriice of a greet banking establishment, which after the recent craeh whieh it hal s toned, made me think of whited sepuichr Near it wea a pile, with a respectable old Enutich appearance, of far nobler association; thia wae the state Houee, where the Decleration of American Independence was signed one of the most preg- nent eeteof whieh history beara record. It e ren plete of Williet Peon, and a etutue of Warbingion. 9 State of tiem, in- . the Declara- signed?’ When he man, he seemed, with real good feeling, to be afraid that he had grated on my feelings, and told me that in the year Isl4, our flag had waved over the two greatest capitals in the world, Washington and Paris. | looked with much interest at the great model prison of the se- parate system. I was favorably impressed with all that met the eye, but [refrain from entering upon the vexed question of comparison betweee this aud the tilent and other systems, as | feel how much the solution must depend upon ever-recurring ex- perience. The poorhouse, hke that at New York, is built and administered on a very costly seule, wed also bad a great proportion of foreigaers a8 ia- mates, and of the foreigners a great pert Irish. This ceems wo exhance the mumificence of the pro- vision for destitetion; at the sume time itis not to be forgotten that toreizu labor is an ariicle of nearly ersentiv! necessity to the progress of the country. | On the only Sunday which | spent in Philadelphia, 1 went toa church, which was not wauuing ia as sociations; the communion plate had been given by Queen Anne, ond I vat inthe pew of General | Washington, | was told by some one that his dis- tinguirhed contemporary, Chief Justice Marshall, fais, that, in contradiction to what was often thought, he wes a maa of decided genius ; but he Was such @ personitication of wisdom, that he pever put any th forward which the occasion did not absolutely require. Jt seemed to me that there wes at Philecelphie a greater separation and ex- clusiveness in society, more resemblance to what would be called a fashionable class in Eurojezn cites, than | had found in Amenica elsewhere. My next brief pause was at Baltimore. Ata halt on the rai!road on my way thither, | heard the con- ductor, or guard, say to a negro, “I cannot let you 20, for you are a slave!’ This was my first inti- mation that I had crossed the border which divides freedom from slavery I quote from the ertry which | made vpon noting these words that eve- ning :—* Declaration of Independence, which I read yesterday ! piliarof Washington, which | have Jocked on to-day ! what ere ye 1” 1 must now give myself some little vent. It was a subject which | felt during my whole sojourn ia America, as | feel it still tobe paramount in inte- rest to every other. It was one on which | intended and endeavored to observe a sound discretion. We have not ourselves long enough washed off the stain to give us the right to rail atthose whom we had originally inoculated with the pest; and a stranger, abundantly experiencing hospitality, could not with any propriety interfere wantonly upon the most delicate and difficult point of another nation’s policy. ] could not, however, fail often and seenty to feel, iu the progress of my intercourse wit! many in that country, ** Come not, my soul, into their secrets; 10 their council, my heart, be not thou united.” At the same time I wished never to make any improper comoromize of my opinion; | I made it a point to pay special respect te the lead- ing abolitionists—those who had labored or suflered in the cause—when I came within reach of them. At Boston | committed the more overt act of attend- ing the anti-slavery fair, which then was el nost considered something ot a measure. I was much struck, in the distinguished and agreeable com- panies which I had the good fortune to frequent, with a few honorable exceptions, atthe tone of disjaragement, contempt, aod anger with which the abolitionists were mentioned; just as any very n Company in this country would talk of @ jist or red republican. | am, of course, now speaking of the free northern States; in the Sonth an abolitionist could not be known to exist. My impression ia, that in the subsequent! interval, the dishke, the anger may remain, and may probably have been heightened; but that the feeling of slight, of ignormg, to use a current phrase, their very existence, must have been sensibly checked. There were some who told me that they made it the besinees of their lives to superiotend the p tage of runawey slaves through the free Siates; they reckoned, at that time, that about one thou- sand yearly escaped into Canada. ubt whether the enactment and operation of the Fugitive Slave law will damp the ardor of their exertivas. It may be eesy to speak discreetly ard plausibly about the peramount duty of rot contrevening the law; but bow would you feel, my countrymen, if the fugitive was at your feet, and the man-hunter at the door? dmit that the majesty of the law is on one side; but the long, deep inisery, of a whole human hfe is on the other. What you ought to feel is fervent gratitude to the power which has averted from your shores and nearths this fearful trial; and, Jet me edd, a heartfelt sympathy with these who are suet#ining it. At Baltimore, | thought there was 4 more pic- turesque disposition of ground than in any other city of the Union ; it is built on swelling emimences, commending views of the widening Chesapeake, a noble arm ot the rea ‘There are an unusual num- ber of public monuments for an American town, and hence it hus been christened the monumental city. | found that the type of trees began to change; the Virginia cedar and the tulip tree abound found the same hospitality which had greeted me everywhere, and the good living seemed to me carried to its greatest height; they heve in perfee- tion a kind of land tortowe, and the canvass back dock, a most unrivalled bird in any country. With Teference to the topic | have lately touched upoa, a slaveholders’ convention wes beiog held at the time of my visit, for the State of Maryland. They bed been led to edopt this step by the apprehension felt cf the increase of the free colored population, and what they termed their demoralizing actfon on the slaves. he langues ge as reported did not seem to have been very violent, but they very nearly subjected to lynch law a man whom they suspected tobe a reporter for en abolitionist newspaper. I trost thet we are not poing to copy that system in this country. | dined with the daughter of Charles Cerrol), who, when signing the Deelsration of In- depend: ner, wee told by a bystander that he would incur no dan there were so many of the seme name—‘of Carrollton,” he added to hia name, avd | think it is the only one upon the docu- ment which has any appendage. Being thus nobly fathered, it is rather curious that this venerable lady should have been the mother of three Eng- lish peeresses The Roman Catholic Archdishop of HKeltinore was one of the company; he wore his Jong violet rebes, which bhave never seen done on sinnler occasions, either in Ireland or this conntry. From Baltimore 1 troneferred myself to Wash+ ington, the seat of government and capital of the ja American than to British eyes. There is also a fine colored statue of weemenn, whe is univer- sally, and not anduly, called the fa of his coun- try. The chamber where the Senate meets is handeome and convenient; the general aspect of that aseembly, which, is well knewn, shares largely both in the legislative and executive powers of the constitution, is grave and decorous. The House of Representatives, the more popular branch of the government, returned by universal suffrage, assem! inacl ber of very im \ppear- ance, arranged rather like a theatre, like the ere of a bow; but it is the worst roem for hear- ing 1 ever was in. We hear jaints occa- tionally of our Houses of Dortenaeres and new; but they are faultless in comparison; in parts of the house itis impossible to hear anybedy; in othera it er swers all the purposes of a whispering gallery; end | have heard members carry 0a a continuous dixlogue while a debate was storming arouad tiem Both in the Senate and the House every menber bas a moet commodieus arm chair, desk for his poperr, end a spitting-box, to which he does not elways contine himself. ! come very often, end it was impossible to svrposs ihe attention I reeeived. Some member's feat in the body of the house was always given to | me, ond T wesat liberty to remain there dunag the whole of the debate, listen to what went on, or write my letters, as I chose. The palpabie dis tinetion between their end our House of Commons Lshould sey to be this—we are more noisy, they ure more disorderly. They do not cheer, they do not cough, but constantly several are speaking at a time, and they evinced a coutemptuous disregard for the decisions of their speaker. They have po recognised leaders of the difierent parties, the members of the goverament not being aliowed to have seats in cither house of Congress, and the diflerept parties do not oceupy distinct quarters in the cheies ; 80 that you may often hear a furious wrangle being eared on between two nearly con- tiguous members. While I was at Washington, the question of slavery, or at least of points co: necied with slavery, gave the chief color and ani- metion to the discussions in the House of Kepre- fentatives. Old Mr. Adams, the ex-President of the United States, occupied, without doubt, the most prominent position; he presented a very strik- ing eppesrance, standing vp erect at the age of se- venty- five, with trembling bands and eager eyes, in defence of the right of petition; the right to petition against the continuance of slavery in the District of wlumbia, with a majority of the House usually deciding sgainst bim, and a portion of it lashed into noise and storm. I thought it was very near being, asto sore extent it was, quite a sublime yosition, but rather detracted from the grandeur of he effect at least, that his own excitement was so treat as to piteh his voice almoet into a screech, end to make him more Sieeadetiy than all the rest. He put me in mind of a fine ofd game cock, and occusionally showed great energy und power of | sercerm. Thad certainly an oppportunity of formiag | my opinion, as I eat through a speech of his that | lested three deys, but then it is fair to meusionthat | the actual sittings bardly last above three hours a | day. About four dinner is ready, and they goaway for the day, diflering much herein from our prac- tice; and, on this occasion they frequently allowed Mr. Adems to sit down and rest. All the time I believe be wes not himseif for the discontinuance of slavery even in the district of Columbia, but he | contended that the constitution had conceded the | free sight of petition. One morning he presented a | petition for tbe dissolution of the Union, which | teised @ great tempest. Mr. Marshall, of Ken- tucky. a fine and graceful speaker, moved a vote of censure upon him. Another member, whom I need notname, who was the ablest and fiercest champion whom | heard on the Southern or slave- holders’ cide, made & most savage onslaught on | Mr. Adams; then up got that ‘old man elo- quent,” end no one could have reproached | him With not understending how to speak even daggers. Nothing came of this stir. After seeing and hearing what takes place | in some of these sittings, one is tempted to think that the Union must break up next morning, | bucthe fleme appeared generally to ,smoulder al- most as quickly as it ignied. The debates in the | Senate during the same period were digaitied, bu- | siness-like, but not very lively, so it may be | jueged which house had most attraction for the | passing traveller. I heard Mr. Clay in tae Senate | once, but every one told me that he was laboring under feebleness and exhaustion, so that 1 could only perceive the great charm in the tones of his ce. Ithink this most ettractive quality was stil} more perceiveble in private intercourse, and | certainly never met any public a, either ia his country or mine, always excepting Mr. Canning, | observer would not be long at faule who exercised such evideat fascination over the minds and sflections of his friends and followers, as Heniy Cloy. 1 thought his soviety most attra tive, easy, simple, and genivl, with great natural dignity — If bis country men made beuer men Pre- sicents, | ehonid eppleud their virtue in resisting the cyeli of his eloquence and attractions; when the actual lict is considered, my respecttor the dis cernment elicited by universal suflrage does not stend ata high point. Another great man, Daniel Webster, | could not hear in either house of Con- grees, because he then tilled, asagiin he doesnow, the high office of Secretary of State; but it is quite epovgh to look on his jutung dark brow, cavernous eyen, end masrive forehead, to be assured that they ate the abode of as much, if not more, intel= iectual power, than any head you perbaps ever re- reiked. For many, if not for all reasons, | am well coptent that be should be again at the head of the American cabinet, for | feel sure that while he is ever intensely Americep, he hes an enlight- ened love of peace, and a cordial sympathy with the fortunes and glories of the old, as well as the new, Anglo Saxen steck. The late Mr Calhoun, who impressed most of those whe were thrown in his wey with # high opinion of his ability, his honesty, and, | may add, his imprecticability, | had not the goed foriune to hear in public, or meet ia private society. It is well known that his attaeh- ment to the maintenance of siavery wept so far as to leed him to declare that ree! freedom could not be my intained without it. Among those who, at thet time, contributed both lo the credit and gaiety of the society of Washincion, I cennot forbear from adding the name of Mr. Legare, then the At- tortey General of the Union, now, uahappily, like too mery of those whom I have had occasion to mention, no longerlivirg. He appeared to me the dest scholur, and the most generally accomplished n | met in atl the Union 1 may teel bias- a in his favor, for T find smong my entries, “Mr Legere spoke tc-tigbt of Pope as he ought,” Jheave not mentioned what might be thoughta Americen Union. I never suw #0 strange a place; it eflords a strong contrast to the regularity, com- pactness neamers, and animation of the trans. atlantic cities | had hitherto visited; it ie spread over a very Jarve space in this way, justityiog the expression of some ove who Wished to pay ita com- pliment, but did not know very well what attribute to select, so he termed it 4 city of magotficent dis- tances. It extends, or rather eprawls; it Jooks es it it hed rained housee at random, or like half a dozen indiflerent villages scattered over a goose common Here and there, as if to heighten the coptrest with the meanness of the rest, there are er me very handeome publi¢ builaings, and the American Cepitol, the meeting place of the legisla- wore, and the seet of empire, though not exempt from archivectarel defects, towers prow steepascent Which commends the subj and the course of the broed Potomac, which makes the only redeeming feature of the-natural laad- eeape. In short, while almost every other place which I saw in Amerea gives the impression of life and progrese, Washington sppeers not only eteenent but retrograde. No — commerce cir- culetes in its streets, no brilliant shops diversify its mean renges of ill-built houses, but very few equipages move elong its wide, splashy, dreary aveners | saw it, too, in the prime of its season, during the sitting of Congress; when it is not sitting the members of the legislature and officers of the government disperse themeelves over the breadth of the Union, and leave tne Capitol to the clerks of the pubhe officers; and does it not seem anation to sey it, the slaves, who are still per- d to iohebit what ehould righttnily be the repolis of freedom. [tis at least gratifying to thot in the last session of Congress, the slave trade has been aboliehed in the District of Colum- bia, the emall portion of territory immediately an- nexed to Washington. When they are here, the embere of Congress are mostly packed together lorge and very anterior boarding-hot agreat portion of them aot bringing their wives and tami- ties over the immense distances of country they have to traverse; hence it aleo happens that Wash. ington will eppewr to the stranger not merely one of the lenst thriving, bat aleo the least hoemtable of Americen citi 1 event nearly a month there and it woe the only place in which | what is termed kept house, that ie, | resided im private lodgings, end tevnd my own food, a method of life, however, which in the long ran, has more comfert and inde- pendence than that of the hotels It waa a con- trust, however, to the large armies of waiters to which | hed grown aceuswmed, to have no one in the hevee but en old woman and a negro boy, the firet of whom my lish servant characterised as crora, and the second #¢ stupid. T believe it was the poliey of the founders ef the republic to plice the seat of government where it would pot be lable to be distreeted by the turmoil of commerce, and overawed by the violence of mobs; we have heard very lately of epeeulations to remove the seat of the French gove rurment from Parie Agother cause which has probably contributed to check any de- signa for the external improvement and develo ment of Weshing‘on, murt have been the doubt how fer in a nation which is extending its founden- cies weerword at so prodigious A rate, it will be esirable and possible long to retain, as the seat of eovernment, a spot which will have become so little central. What gave most interest to L 4 ipton naturally was the opportunity of «tending the meetings of Congress The imerior of the Capitol is imposing as well os the exterior; in the centre ball there were then five large pictures, il- lvevrating the prominent points of Amerie: . hia- ty, Which inevitably must be more agreeséle to stoy at Wash- very prominent object at Weehiogton--the Presi- dent cf the United 8 He resides for his term of ¢ftice at a eubstant Wiite House. Mr. Tyler filled the office when | Was there, and eppeered a simple, unaflected per | son. Washweton is the head quarters of another | branch of the constitution, which works, perhaps, | with lees of friction and censure than any others— the Supreme Court of Judieatmre. The large fe- dere] questions between State aud State give great weiwht end interest to its preceedings. | heard an in eresting cane n the Staves of Maryland exrd Pennsylvania; it was on action to try the con- | stitulioval veldity of an actof the State of Penn- fy lvenin, which geve a trial by jury to the fugitive tinve. Lieve this subject puraned and pervaded everything. lt wes argued with great ability on both sides; it was ulumetely ruled against the ft the free States to pass such an act, and | t Fugitive Stave law probably have | frome such debateable question of vight; at allevents, it has entireiy swept away the | intervention of # jury. ‘The \aet day ot my abode at Washington was | spent becommegly aM ount Vernon, the residence | the ereve of Washington — It is well placed oa coded hill shove the poble Potomac, here « mile ond 6 half broad. The tomb isa cad affai | for euch @ man; it 43 8m ipecription upon it, de | poling thet it eted by John Steattere, mar- ble meron! Itos pleced under a glaring red build. ing, romething beiween a coach house and a cage; the Senwte once procured the consent of the family to have it removed to the capital, when a brick layer, a inborer, ard a eart arrived to take it off one p ms et which the indignetion ef the fa- mily neturally rove, There ere few things remark- | able m the heuse, except the key of the Bestle, | sent by General Latuye tte to General Washington, | ond a sword tent to him by Frederick the Great, | with this address, * From the oldest general of the age to the best.” | was grattied to see a print | from my picture of the Thice Meries. Did itever | excite the mtere d the jity of Washivgton? I made a rapid journey, by steamboat and tail reed, through the States of Virginia and North Corolins; the country wore a tniversal impress of exhavenon, desert slavery It appears to be one of the trials for the cupidity of tau that slave+ ry, Dotwithstending all the osawhac hasa cer ation, not, | trast in the mercy of Goo, @ necereary a to the culture of cre soils ih bot ehavate heusted sotle, where the energy of man must be erlied out to overcome difficulties, it isevident that slavery has no elastic spring or restorative power. RKichnend, the capital of Virginia, has a cer fom reeemblance in namesake in Surrey va ire in eession 5 it Woe very full of coarse looking farmers, from the weetern portion of the State. Tt struck me that the acute town lawyers must manage matters much as they choose. [never saw a country so bourelees ae all that | passed through in North Cerolna—n flit sandy waste of pines, with scarce- lye tation fortmght at Ch ton, the cepiia! of her more energetic sister, South Ca- roina. This town or State may be looked apon the head-quarters of the slavehbolding intere: end repestediy, when they have thought ‘he policy of the North too encroaching, either vpon questions relatmg to what they term their peculiar imetintion, which is their euphe- nious deveription of slovery, or, When we should feela juster sympathy with them, upon questions relating to the protection of woolen manufactures in oppoertion toa liberal commercial poliey, they \) not only held the very highem tone in fave oi « ciycluuon of the Union, but have proceeded 1 | commending wbility or the o | repeontre my much gaiety and . I have made no disguiee of what my upon slavery were, are, and ever must be, but it would be ua- candid to deny that the planter in the southerm States has much more in his manner and mode of intercourse that resembles the ntleman than any other class of his men; e is more easy, companionable, the germ of coun- try life and out-of-door pureuits. { went witha re- markably agreeable party to spend a day at the rice plantation of one of their chief proprietors; he had the credit of being an excellent manages, and his roee, youn; old, seemed well n care of ard looked after; he repelled the idea—not of edu- cating ‘hem, that is penal by the law of the State, but ef letting them have any religious instruction. 1 was told by others that there was considerable improvement in this respec’. Many wnom I met en ertained no doubt that slavery would subsist amorg them for ever; others were inclined to think that it would wear out. lem sure thet ] am not wantiag in respect for the operative classes of thi strict, but | cannot concee! from myself that the appearance of the fe- mate factory population of Lowell presents some points of favorable contrast Among the more opulent portion of society, an idle man, without re- gular prefession or fixed pursuit,is the exception which excites obseivation and surprise. The pu- Tily of the female character etands deservedly high, aud society has been deemed by some to be ren- dered less agreeable by the rigid devotion of the young married women to their households and burseries. It is something to have travelled nearly over the whole extent of the Union without having encountered a single specimen er of servility or incivility of manner—by the last | intend to denote intentions] rudeness. Liections may seem the uoi- vereal business, topic, and passion of life, but they are, at least with but few exceptions, carried oa without any approach to tumult, rudeness, or dis- order; those which | happened to see were the most ee date, unimpassioned processes! cam imagine. Ia the free States, at leas', the people at large bear an active, and, | believe on the whole, a useful port in all the concervs of internal goverument aad preetical daily life; men of all classes, und esye- cially ef the more wealthy and instructed, take a zeulous share in almost every pursuit of useful ness and philanthro,y ; they Visit the hospitals and aeylumse, they attend the deily instructions of Us echools, they give lecturesat lyceums an 4iasticutes, tam gled to think thit ] may be treading ia their footsteps on this occasion. 1 have already mea- tioned With just praise the universal diffusion aud excellent quality of populer education. ested: lighed eepecially in the States Sugland,wne powertul Empire State of Ne y add the prosperousand aspiring State of Oni. Without venturing to weigh the preponderating re- commendationa or deficicscivs of the voluntary eyctem, I may fairly ask what other commaaties are £0 amply supplied with the facilities of pable worship for all their membe: he towas, old and young, bristle with churches; they are a ways well filled; the Sabbath, in the taster: Northern States, at least, is scrupulously observed; and with the most unbounded freedom of con- science, and a pearly complete absence of polem- ical strife and bitterness, there is apparently a close unity of feeling and practice in readering homege toGod. Though it would appear difficult, aad most certainly be ungracious, to paint the reverse side of such 4 country and such a people, a severe With respect to their scenery itself, while he cculd net deay | that within its vast expanses it contained at tines beth eublinity und beauty, he might establish egainst it a charge of monotony, to which the inmense continuities of the same surtaces, whether of bill valley, wood, lake, or river— the straight unbroken ekit of forest, the entre abserce of eirgle trees, the square ale lelogrems of the cleared’ spaces, the uniform line’ of zig-zag fences, the stariug squire. ness of the new wooden towns, ali powerfully coutribute. In regard to climate, without dwetl- ing on euch partial fluences xs the milerta, whieh derolates the stunted pine burens of North Caro line, end banishes every white native of South Cerolwa from their rice plains during the enure summer, the hot damps whi festoon the trees on the southern coust with a fuaereal drapery of gray moss. the yellow fever which decimates the quays of New Orleans, und the feverish agaes which line the benks of the Missis be impossible to deny the violdnt alternatious temperature which heve @ more general pre’ lence, ond it is certain that much fewer robust forms and ruddy complexions are to be seea thau in our own more even latitudes Passing from the physical to the moral atmosphere, amidst all the vaunted equelity of the American freemen, there seemed to be a mere unplicit deterence to custem, a mere passive subaussien to what is assumed to be the pub of the day or hour, than weu'd be a MANY Aristo cratic or evea despot munities This qniet sequiercence in the p one, this e vinegation of mdividual sepumeal, is navorsily Moet perceptible in the nem of polities; bar I thought that it alee, i servaded the social eirele, be the judicit} bench, # teachings of the pul, robably, in scme meesure, be traced the ren able similerity im the manners, deportment, con- Versation, ond tone of feeling, which has so gene- rally struck travellers from abrond in American society, Who that bes seen, can ever forget, the slow and melancholy silence ‘of the eoupl-s who walk erm-in-erm to the tables of the great hovels, or of the unseeial groups who gather round the greesy meals of the steamboats, fi minutes’ meal, . 80 depart? One of their able public men mide an observation to me, which struck m+ as pongeat, and, o rhaps, true, thet it was probably the country in when there was lees misery and_less happiness than ia any ,orher of the world. There are other points of wed the deow: d even tofeeted the so! To this source m manners on which | am pot inclined to dilate, but to which it would at least require tim ike to be recone I moy just jotimate that their native plant, co, lies at the root of much that we might pk objectionable. However necessary and land- able the general devotion to habits of intustry, and the prectice] business of life may be, and though there are famiiies and circles in which wo grace, no Charm, no accomplishment is wanting, yet it cannot !« denied that among the nation at barge, the empire cf dollars, cents, and material inter este, holds a very preponderating sway; and thut ert, and all ite trein of humanities, exercive nt present but an enfeebled and restricted intla- epee. If we ascend from eocisl to polsical life, and from manners to institutions, we should fied thet the erdiees cycles of electioneering pre- paretions and contests, although they may be carried on for the most part without the ri turbulence or overt bribery by which they are times but too notoriously diearaced amoog our- selves, still leave no intermission for repose ra the publierind; enter into all the relations of exist- ence; subordinate to themeelyves every other ques. tion of internal and foreigo policy ; lead their pubbe men, Lwill not esy the t the average of them, to pander to the worst prejudices, the mmewn- est tastes, the most maligaanl reseutments of the people; ateech change of administration incite the Lew rulers to curry the spirit of proseription isto every department of the public service, from the minister ata greet foreigu court to the postarister of come half barbwrous outyost—ihus tene render those whose fuact ought to wy bem the mest completely from perty intlaen Ost Larcrupuleus perivans; and would mike large mares 8 Welcome War, aod eves sequierce in rom, if it eppeared thet they could thue counteract the antogeniet tactic®, humiliate the rival leader, or remotely influence the elec of the next presi. dent. Lt is elready painfully felt, that ae far as the ubiversel choice of the people was relied to se cure for the highest the the moet goal ment, it miy be prenounerd to have filed There may be lese habituel ardactual poise in Congress tham in our own Parliament, but the time of the House of Repres » Not Without Cost to the cowstituent hich pays for ¢ services, if cont taken up, when engiorsed by a ayreeh With Wrapgies upon points of order ond angry te of sume days’ darat he language used m dehate his oe vded the lowest depths of course ae asthe toot of the Laishuave halt bas actus lly be he scene ef Molent persom The miwners of the barely exvil weet, where it hae teen known that coucer! ¢ lenge joe ges on the beneh, and members of the mination siopelly ee virulent nerimeny, gielatore fire off rifles at the speakeras be ste in the chair, would appear to be gradually mvadiog the very tanner shrine of the constirution Having dere justice to the strictness aod eariy of moraks which distinguich my uy of the mor ted portions of the ecntinent, it cxngot be concerted, that the reckless notions and hshirs of the west, evinced as the ef gambling, drinkiog, and licent habitual die regard of the Sabbath, and by stant swearing than lever heard anvahere else, fearfully disfgure thet great valley of the Missiaap- ni, destined ineviiably, at no dst dev, to # the preponderating rection of the entire | Tris at this day impossible to go inte any x, especially of the older aod more thougtfal men, some of whom may themselves hove borne an eminent part in the earher stroggies and service of the commonwealth, without hearing the degeneracy of modern times, and the downward tendency of ail things, despoodingly ineisted upon. At the period of my visit, besides the numerous ances of individual ovakraptey and ineolvency, not, alas! pecwliur to the new world, the doctrines of repudiation, officially pro mulgated by sovereign States, had given aa mn- Pleasing cenfirmation to what is oerhaps the pre- veiling tendency amor g retired poli Thave reeerved for the Inst tonic of crowning evil, the capital da epot—elavery | have not disclaimed the orig: responsibility of my own country in introduc + nd rivetting it upon her dependencies; 1 do vo