The New York Herald Newspaper, November 12, 1849, Page 1

oxele NO. 5637. “THE CALIFORNIA NEWS. ARRIVAL OF THE EMPIRE CITY. Four Weeks Later. HIGHLY IMPORTANT INTELLIGENCE, aes ‘ wee Proceedings of the State Constitu- tional Convention. Slavery Prohibited in California, ACCOUNTS FROM THE GOLD REGION, Arrival of Gold Diggers with their Pockets Full af Rosks. enews ‘Over Half a Wiillicn in Gold in the Empire City. ** MARRIAGES AND DEATHS. » ween PPING = INTELLIG: l., KO. HO, The steamship Empire City, Capt. J. D. Wilson, -arrived early yesterday moruing from Chagres, by the way of Kingston, Jamaica. Annexed is her report:— agi ire City, WI from 8. mail steam shiv | mpire , Wilson, on res, Oct, 29, and hingston, Jamaica, Nov. 4, with ® to J. Howard and Sou, loft ab Chagres bark Flo- Fy fiom New vork be passengers by the Oregon report that the steawstip | nicora and propelier Hart- ford were at Acapulto ou the 14th Sept, the California wap at St Jogo on itch rhe Raw two top sail sehr Dovnd up the Pacific. Phe Grexou brought, from Saa Frapcireo, 380 pacsengers and about 750 000 doilara in old dust. The steauer Alabama. from Chagres for Rew Orleans, was st Kingston, Jamaiea, on the 4th Nov, taking in conl. ‘The following are her passengers :— NAMES OF PASSENGERS BY THE SMPIRE GITY. Charles R Churebill Capt N Darfy. John McDonald Hawerd Jewett. Ceptain § Bunee Jenoo B. Catlin, Thy nes “Capt. Samuel Very, Jr. Licut. Meade, ws N son and tervant. Dr. A.J. Ward. Joe 8 Hyatt Cbarles A Ogle. ‘Thomas N. Edwards, A. L, Cook 1, P Graben. J.O Bavgbn. P Yan Aoken “Bevj Hiliard. Jas. Sullivan. -G. W. Feliston, lady ara it. ‘Thomas Viurpby. YT. B Batener. GW Brown. Jno #8 Fhelps. P Movnbe Dr Alex. McBean. 8 L Ouaster Samuel Frost. Story Sanit, KR Halstead, \ Johu Tyson. ©. E. Hunter. JP Chase, ‘Mrs. Grithn and two chil- N. Peck dren J) 3 \nderson, ‘W. HH. Hicksk. Jno. B Varvia 8B. L. Westerteld. JW. Liviogstom, Jobn Ww OW Lavy. Henry bradiey. John Rea D. Dwyer — Reuven Roby C., Robbins D L White and servant. G. 8. Broughten. PF Cyson J er. Ss. —y Cy J A Hubbard, T. “tas 1 Bas J. e byson. Dr st Wm. Ripley on Knowlsten. Dureudo. Silas WE Keyes. War Cas-itti. Levens, KL taker tames Sidrich ‘ptnony Dunken. Somer Foley. Storr George Undertill, Jerome Ratferty, ‘Siles Fited Crrpeliug Vanderbilt, Hon. L. R Thurston, K.P. Drigns Janes eehaa’ KE Pubiter James Burnett, Philip Raton, Jr " Anpnexed is the amount of dustin the Empire Cry :— AMOUNT OF GOLD DUST ON BOARD THE EMPIRE CITY. Wowlend & Aspinwall. . A. Galviard & | ‘Livingston. Welis & Co.. # oiterel & Co F. Weed att ©. 9. Robbins & son Haroden Eto... . Whitri¢gs . eh oh Des it & E. ©. Delevan. Bebee. Ludic Booth & bide James Bishoy D, W. Bro A Kemp. David Barnett, 1 trank ; ; Edwin Bartiett. 1 box ‘otal $477,207 87 00 froig ‘the hands of the p . The Oregon arrived ot Paaama on the 23 ult. Our advices from San Frenviseo by her are to the Ast of October, owe mouth later than our previous accounts. We are indebted to Capt Wilson and Mr. Por- avo.. 400 ton, Welle & Co,1 ut, aod a large amowatio ter, of the Empire City, Mr. W.C. Jewett, Me. | Philip Eaton, and other yentiemen, for our letters and papers. The news ie of the highest interest. There are about one hundred thoasand persons in the mines; their average earnings are about three dollare per dvy evch. American gold dollars sell in San Francisco at $3» prece. ‘The following letter, which we are permitted to publish, gives the California news in brief Sreamer Barre Orry, New Yous, Nov. H—8 A. M } Interesting Account of the Trip m the Oregon from San Francievo to Panema— The State Conven- tion at Monterey— Tie Boundary Survey—Burial at Moratlan— Verse!s met an the Way— The Une corm—The Hartford Naval Intelligence—The Steamer Colifurnia Gold Dust—Politws in Ca- lifornia— Candidates for Governor— Trial of Mu fineere—Trip of the Empire City—Arrival at New York. Groros BE. Batowin, Esq , New York:— My Dear Sir—My Inst was dated at San Francie- 0, Sept. Ist. The U. 8 steamer Edith was ‘ost, on the 24th Angust, off Cape Conception, near San Luis Obispo, coast of California, two days oa! rom San Francisco, bound on a cruise te Santa Barve- ——— { MORNING EDITION-----MONDAY, NOVEMBER 12, 1849. TWO CENTS. ra'and San Diego, to iake delegates to the Conven- tion to convene at Monterey on the lst September. She was a tetal wreck on the 28th; ‘all hands” saved. I left Sun Francisco, in the stedmer Oregon, on the Jat October, a1 6} o'clock A. M., and arrived at Monterey on the sume day, at5 o'clock P. M. The packet stood off and on, without coming to an an- chor, delivered and received the mails, and de- parted on her course at 7 Uiock P. M. The Cenvention, at Mouterey, was still in ses- sion, organizing a State coustitution tor California, and, it was supposed, would finish its labors about the 6th of October, So far as completed, and what my be cousidercd as the settled opinion of the majority, and will, doubtless, form a part of the constitution, may be sunimed up as follows:— Pueblo San Jose hud been ugreed upon as the peimanent seat of government Slavery is tor ever prohibited Free aegroes are uot permuted to enter the State. The right of suflrage is extended toallfree white male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age, after six months residence in the State, and thirty days in the district; to all Mexicaw citizens of Cali- torn at the ratification of the treaty, (ladians, negroes wid the descendauts of negroes excepted.) il officers of the Staite to be elected by the people ulier the first oe to four ogrtad during which time they will be appointed by the Gover- nors, &c. ‘The constitution will be submitted te the people for ratification or rejection oa the 7th November At the same Ume ‘en election will be held fora Gover Lieutenant Governor, Senaters and Re- prcsentatives of the Stare Legislaturesand two Re- presentalives to the Congress of the United States. The Legislature will convene in December, and elect two Senators to Congress, and proceed to or- gunize w State governineu! forthwith. Banks of diecount ore prohibited, and banks of deposit are strictly guarded, by making the stock- holders hable, && ‘The boundary agreed upon includes all Alta Ca- Tifosuia ; bet uit etiort would be made to confine it to the Sierra Nevada on the Bast a ‘The odiei:y will Coneist of a superior or appel- late court, three judges, cireuit courts beware | courts. lu ull other respects, the coustitution wall contorm, at leact in spirit, to several of our State constitutions. Freu alll could leara, the consti- tutions of lewa wud New York were regarded a3 the special models if The districts o:ranged inthe following order:— 1. Sun Dieyo, Los Angelos, Santa Burbara and Sen Lue Obispo. i 2. Monieiey und San Franeiseo. 3. San Jose aad Sonoma, 4. Sacramento and Sau Joaquin Pay of delegetes to Coavention, $16 per day; in- te pen es, $25 per dey: aud clerks, irom $20 tv $2 t day. Pethe Senate will probably consist of M4, and the House of 36 members ‘The Oregon artived at Santa Barbara on the 21 October, at 6 P.M, laying off aod oa, uaul7 2. M, torceeive fruits cad vegetables, aud also to receive Mr S. Robiason on a visit to his fatheria- law, Senor Dou Gueria Nonega 4 On the 3d October, at 10 A, M., arrived at San Diego; hauled alongeide the baglish bark Aree; took in 200 lonseout by meidian ot the Sth, and at 5 P.M. cast of} and stood eat of the harbor, The Joimt Conmission to mask the Line between the s and Mexieo, Col. Weller, Gon Milssloner the U d States, and Gen. Conde, ot Mexico, have been in the field since the Gth July. Their meeting here was required by the treaty to be ow the ouin Mey, butattera delay ef 70 deys ov the lethmas, of the American Comnus- sioner, the party were enabled to leave Panama on the 18th May, end rewched San Diego on the Ist of June. The Mexican Comutssion, however, atter a ferty days’ Lop trom Sen Blas, were defeated in reaching here until the 8d July. There arose no coptieveisy or ailicully Whatever respecting the Inebility oF both parues to meet bere as required by the Creaty, and they proceeded to the discharge of their importont dates with prompiness. this tune they heve succeeded im accom plishing the survey of the port of San Diego; have ascertained the “pont” where the line leaves the Pacific; have run the meine league due south of the couthermest pout of the port of San Diego; have completed ell the wstrovemical Observations on the court, sod despatched a detachment to tmwke bke obrervaivous at the junction of the Gila and Colorado, and entered the survey of the line from the Peeitic to the junction of the two re nemed, v hock will b spleted about the h Oct This wil close ¢ fs of the commis- sion, on this side of the content, at least, till | after Congress shall have made tarther appropriation | of means to prosreute it to the Kio Grande; and, considering the Lmuted means provided, and the 1a the minwg regton, indacung emigras rirom oll parte ot the territory, what- ever the oblipe ot the employees to remain, | may be justly regarded as the accomplishment of | @ great lurk, cheeted under difficulties of extraor | | would coon be | that the | they are; which there had existed great fears, the deepest anxiety preveilingin their behalf on the upper coast. ‘The Califoraia had on board a Mr. Raymond, with @ private way-mail ; he is acting agent for Howard & Co. The steamer Oregon has $620,000 io gold dust, on freight, und as much more net on freight. She has also 833 passengers. A court was about to convene at San Francisco, for the inal of the five mutineers of the U. 8. coust turvey schooner Ewing, Lieut. Commanding McArthur. These mutineers had attempted to drown Passed Midshipman Gibson. Judge Geary, Firet Alcaldetor San Francisco, is very popular, and will be warmly supported for Governor of California in the coming contest, next December. ‘There is # population now of over 100,000 m Cali- tormis—about 20,000 in San_ Francisco, 10,000 in Sacramento City, 6,000 in Stockton, &e ; about 40,000 will arrive this year by land, from Missouri and Arkansas. , There are over 300 square ngced vessels now in San Francisco, several at Benicia, New Yori ot the Pacific, Sacramente City, Stockton, Sutter's, we The Sacramento river is a fine stream for steam- boat navigation all the year, to the mouth of the Feather river; above that point there is never less than two feet water for 250 miles; but there are many snags and shoals, and a rapid, that will re- quire a little work to remove the former, and open a channel among the loose stones of the latter. There 1s mnch fine land up the Sacramento valley, very litile timber, except the Jong acorn oak, which haw « short body and large crooked limbs, unfit for building and most other purposes, except ship build- ing. The days in summer are very hot and sultry, the aur feeling os if just passed over a heated fur- nace ; the nights quite cool, little or no dew, and very sickly ; fevers and fever and agne very preva- lent. Thermometer is usually at 100, and often at 180, in the shade. Saimon are plenty in the rivers | and creeks ; bears, elk, antelope and deer, are found in plenty, Large stocks of cattle and horses are on the prairi The Oregon enchored at Panama on the 28d of October. “The Empire City arrived at Chagres Octover Wh, end lett Wh, at 7PM; arrived at Port Hoynl, Janmica, Nov. Ist, at 5 A. M.; left Nov. 3d, at3 A.M, and reached this to-day, at the wh at SA M. Lenelose you a list of the passengers per Oregon—333—most of whom had token their iekets from Mr. Turner, the agent of Mr. George Law, to go per Faleon; but she failing toarrive, Mr. Turner promptly refonded th sage money, the passengers taking thy the steamer Alabema, via New Orleans, which letter thip we left at Port Royal, coaling, to sail on the 4th of October morning. J wm proceeding to Washington, and hope to see you on my return. Most truly and respectfully, R. W.M. Our Californta Correspondence. San Francisco, Oct. 1-5 A.M. Interesting Intelligence from Califurnia— The State Constitutional Convention—Incidents Connected with the Country— Trials for Murder—Important Srom the Sandwich Islands—Enterprise and En- ogy—Howe Burlding—Ship News, &¢. &c. When all the world—for this isa woild, anda great one in iteelf—1s wrapped snugly in the arms of Morpheus, dreaming of gold and greatness, your homble servant for one night abjures the inflaence of the presiding deity of Somnus, for one object— to keep you posted upto the jatest moment with the affairs of the new country. tis an unusual thing, even here, where sleep is so much and so highly ap- preciated, to resist the tempting and natural enjoy- ment of the cot; but a promise is held here as bind- ing as abroad, signed and countersigned at the courte of the kings or monarchs of Europe. To our mutual friend, Capt. Meade, of the navy, who returns in charge of the United States Mail, 1am indebted for the chance thus offered of giving you the news up to the very moment of the sailing of the sieamer. Our frends in the United States will very natu- rally suppose that the proceedings of the Conven- tion, now in session at Monterey, are held by the inhabitents as the most important matters of dis cvesion extent; but were they here, their ndeceived, and they Would won pceches and opinions of such un august treated with the indifference and levily specially as it is well understood that the best Interests, and even welfure, of the country depends much upon the course and the result of the Covens ; und as sogular os it mey appear, not the least notice is taken ot the efforts of thts legislative body to establish a proper form of govern it. Although there does not appear to be un avaricious in the place, yet every political and social ideretion yields to the power of menmon. You will obseive, by the reports given mn the Jovrnale publiched bere, that the movements of the convention hove beeo tardy, and the only great or importont metier settled, up to this period, is the bedy wel dipary character. Col Weller enmberked tor San Diego at Monte. | rey on the Lith Oet, in the stenmer Oregon, where | he hed beer attending the convention. While | there, be hag veceived the offen rews of bis hav- ing been supere ed, Col. Fremont arrived at | Monterry by the Oregon, aod sigattied to him h | acceptance of the appointment, but deel ree | heving him until he should arrive at Saa Diego, whieh will probabiy be ebout the let November. Col. Fremout will make the jourary overland to | Maer Emory is diligently pursuing vel of the eecort and astronomer to It is pnnecessery to add that wm his department w conducted with vecision, o# he name already beloags ws ch Mission. every thin | abiley en | to history | Geteber 10th, at 7 A. M., arrived at Mazatlan | | and delivered the mails. On this day Capt Mend, of Weetcheeter county, N.Y, a passenger on ' beord the Cregon, who hedbeen inthe merchant service, departed thie Lil*, of a fever contracted at the mines. Hie was buried at the Protestant bury. ing ground, on Singer Lost Istend, at the mouth of | | | | the barber. The body was conveyed in a separate boat, eccompenied by a large vumber of the pas Pen amongst whom were Brevet Col, Gra- Mie« , Hon My. Toure | ton, delegete from Oregon, D. Phillip, T. Tyeoa, | | and the effiecre of the Oregon seamer, Alter the | return of the boots. the steamer got under way and | stood out of the harbor } Oewber lib, at 6A. M., anchored at San Bias, delivered the mrtis, and communicated with the ogent, efter which got under way atl P.M. Up to this time experienced pleasant Weather. } | Cet 1th, 1 P.M, weather was eqnally, with tein, ved ot 3 o'clock, wh — 6 | Acaculco, it blew #® gale for twe hours y North; wiud hauled ES. E., with a heavy head sea end thick fog; stood ofall ight. At4 A. M. of the Lith, stecd im, and at merdion made a beau. | tifel Jenefill, Acapulco 20 mules off to leeward. AUS P.M, cane to anchor m the harbor ef Aca- puleo, tock al and provisvous and proceeded 2 day. Met here the steamer d her y the 13th from Pas | neme, to eel for Son Francisco afer et Steerer Hertterd anived at the same um Ware without coal, and withno po ahiy of any. ‘The French bark Mane Louise, from fiavres wineh, during the gale of the ISch, was eaved by j omg to peces on the , was under he or Denigad im | Forks st the month of Acapulco hb eo for fan Francisco. | the paemoge to b | dn compliance wih € from the eo anys | be out 21 deye, in order wo meet tne Atlantic Mail Line, and ether veqnieitions of the company At San Froocieeo, the St) Marys, Commander | Jebreon, ses hourly exyeeted trom the lower On ber citival ehe waste teke Commodore «, bpyeinted tothe seat of his command, equedron. She wil toneh at the . « the © delay ¢ is caweed by the want of | | | | a hae wae advised to await and go ad nearly completed hig private survey of Sumon bey at San Frenessee tional em ipy Which h im, Cope. C. Ringgo'd h ‘The Oloo, 74, satlea from Sen Franciseo for Nerfolk, Ve, Sept. Mb, Ceptem OG. K. Strib commer dupe ‘The Warre Commander ey Franeiece, all The Pree pder Glynn, at the Sandwich tery on boord; bvet The frigate Savane we cores of dy m her, doiwe well newe neh wee at Berio. the flagship of Com. Jones: nleo, the ttenmer Masaechuserts, and store ebts Southampton. The steamer Maseachneestts was coabing ond to seit soon, with the yotat commisetor, army and nevy, for the Sandwich Islands, there to procure a crew. before proceeding on her daties upon the corset of Oregon Met the stesmer Calitornva Crom Panama Sept the bth Oct, w! she pot J6rh) at Sen Drege, oF " it te eval We received by her the joyful and cheering itelligence of the safety a arrival ar Penema of the steamers Unicorn and Senator, for | the progrese « | veserle aie eestabliche total prohibiion of slavery in the territory of Cale fornia, ‘This will beve a beneficial eflect on the comnng provisions of the Congre Srate of the United wand vettles at once the question at. be- the Nerth and South. Llearn that the eoa- won Will be eubmitted to the people in a few ‘The wepapers will aleo give you some idea of the place, its growth, and its futare At prevent, there 1 bot one opinion vr eyects. jeld by all here, ond that is certainly strengthened by ew and circumstances, too palpable to be overlcokod— tis conntry must and will become the great commerciel tocus ot the Pacific. Even at Unis eatly period, the operations in commerce give evidence of the fect, mesmach as lines ot sailing d in full operation, be tw bis pert, the &: ch Islands, and various | is op both the upper and lower co: Steem- | er, Cf Vallous sizes and capwcities, navigate the adjornt rivers, bringing the numerous | ard thriving towns, which have sprung up, as if by mewic intivence, in clore proximity to the me- wovld scarcely give meat to a dog, are forced, through necessity, to shift and follow the tide, for a decent or even a necessary subsistence. Some are merchants, others lawyers, and, I Tegret to say, come loafers. Yet are gentlemanly and well behaved, and doubtess with a litte drilling in the science ot economy, would eventually make good and useful citizens. This California climate will have a very desirable effect upon many of there young gentlemen, not only ia a business poiutef view, but in giving them a just apprecia- tion of the worth and value of labor. Hotels ond houses epriug up like mushrooms; every day brings a chanye in the appearance of the place, and a men who ubsents himself for a week 18 rely lost on his return. ‘To give you an idea of the despatelrand the eleeuic spuit of buildin: and speculation, I will state a fact that occurre a few days since. Going to dinner, 1 met a young man of my acquaintance who seemed to be unusually burned, and asked him the se, or what it was that impelled him on at such a pace; he answered that he had just leared a house to a party of traders, aud as they wished to tuke poesession that night, he had as much as he could well do, to build and make it ready for their uccommodation. He had actually rented and built the house in the space of six hours. Whole towns go up in this way. ‘The means of | making meney are as numerous and various as the characiers thatfollow them. Physicians, instead of ridiwg in their gig, make more profitable calls, at mg celars, carting dirt, and other respectable occupations, One I noticed sails bis aquatic gig, Visiting bis floating panents. The bay 1s literaily a@ city vflout, and although many of the habitatious are deserted, there are yet enough left to give busi- ness to more than one desciple ef Eseulapius. The harbor presents for miles an unbroken forest of musts—ships from every nation and country lay here, idle and worthless, with no prospect of ever leating—many must go down at their anchor, for there are not men enough unemployed to work the twentieth partof them The men will leave; there is no way of detaining thei tor duty on board; the naval force has been weakened by desertion, and thereis no buman effort or possibility to prevent the * custom” of deserting Com. Jones has burely foree enough on board to form aerew, much lees to tender assistance to merehantmea. There are yet scores of Vessels in port, that have been months endeavoring to discharge—some have no consignees, others too mavy—many have cuptains, | while numbers are without them, and without use for the commedity. We huve many converted into | siore houses, hotels, lodging houses, and hospitals, ‘This is the only place in the world where Jack tor- gets the swactily of the forecustle. ‘The news brought by the krench frigate Pour- suivante, from the Sendwich Islands, relative to the transactions of the commander of this vessel, end the French Consv! at Honolulu, has by no means given these dignitaries a respecttal posi- he people here regard the affair as au ont- and look vpon the perpetrators in the ight of usurperr, or as litle less + a party of bucca- neers, You will get the tuets trom the Alta Ca- | “fornia ot Saturday last, but 1do not see that it mentions the fact of the French commander having seized one of the Hawaiian government vessels, and rent herto Tahita ag an indemnity!-— for what?) Lunderetand that Mr. Miller, the Bri- tish Consul, epposed the demands of the French Acmiral with much earnestness, What Mr. Ten Eyck hes dene, is not known. Mr. lames, the newly-sppointed commissioner, has beea here some few days, awaiting « vessel to take hum to his destination; be is exceedingly anxious to be at his post, expecially as his presence at this time end under the existing circumstances, would, no doubt, preserve the interests of bis goverament from apy emergency that might possibly arise from this aflair. Mr. Eames bus been disappointed in iegard to the facilities in possession ot modo Jones, end is detained here much a: jt his melmetion There being no veesel of war here except the St. Mary, that can be spared, he | is compelled to await her arrival. He expeeta to leave m the St. Mary, which vessel is hourly ex- pected, on or in the neighborhood of the 10th inst. | The vial of the Engliehmea who made the brutal attempt todrown Passed Midshipman Gibson in the bey. a few days since, 1s now going oa on board | the ileg ship Savannah, at Benecra. ‘Thin was the moet revoliing act of cowardice ever perpetrated; so much so that the other sailors on board felt, that should these fellows escape, it would stigmatize them and the profession jor ever, and with the uimost esprit du corps assisted in their capture. However cisposed Commodore Jones may feel for an sequittel, or transportation to the United States, be cannot well resist the current of public opmicn. Exeeute them he must; tha is the feel ing. The moet aggravating feature in the case ia, that the fellows taunted the officer while uttempt- ing to drown him, and showered epon bim while in the water the most brutal insults. The fellows were shipped of Valparaino im the echooner Ewing, and hed received no wrong from Mr. Gibson, who. is represented a on amiable ond kind officer. A Frenebman, by the name of Daniles, will be bung in the Pioza, on the 26th inet., for the mur der of a friend and country man. You will observe by the papers, that we havea regular organized police; but I am afraid their energies will corrode tor the want of encourage- ment or buringss. J ‘The people from the mines come in bat slowly, Some report ndifierent enceees, others offer no en courogement, while some again ourish their bags of curt, with the utmost hilarity of spirits. The duri comes i, and money is to be had; but it mg iron constitutions te endure the toil and work. Port routes and offices are being established threugh the country, onder the enpervision ot Col. Allen, superintendent of the post oilice depart ment for this terrivery. People in the United States, where the appetite certainly can be gratified, though the most fasti- dour, imagine we have no good liviag here. Leck ot this bill ef fare. Wouldn't some of the gents who pick their teeth on the Astor steps, prick up ther ears at an invitation to such a dinner. | Prices high, true, but the people are neh. Motels in CaliforniamThe Hill of Ware. DELMONICO KRESTAURANL. BILL OF PARE. tepelis. Laws end civil iuetitutions are in course of formation; and the attempts made by a few, to Organize religvous bedies and circles, are re- | #)(cled und encouraged by all—even those who, | at home, mede no profession of piety or religio sentiment. The city of San Frencwco, at present, containsa | /O vletien of twenty-five thousand, not including the fleeting population, which must number at least ten theorand ‘With thie binnifaniows come ebity—the © ng habits of the Various ma- | hens reprecented, and the entire absence of any eettied form of government—there is notin the «, por hes there ever been, a more quiet, | pracesble, or orderly place. There appears to be ep intuitive sever of what ia rmeht pervading all clurres, ord the feelings personal property of | every individual are protected from insult and haim. and the respect Tey, intelligence, for equity end evil laws brought fiom home by our peo le, exerciees a beneficial influence over the me. > lawlees spirite from other countries. It 18 impostible te give the readers of the MMerald a ct view of the country. bythe = Hd yet tystem; wll ve and confu regarded, in trade, that does not ve peculial of the individual. i accoidance | with the standard of mere nor—but no cus ton® borrowed from the mother country are held | in eeteem, inermuch as they do not ewit the pecu- her usting GHrcnmetaners. The leeding men end politicians are at Monte- | rey, emerge whom is General South and Governor Kiley. ‘Thee burler King, of Georgia, 18 aleo there. There is eleo eogyg, shifty in & emell wig. Lere, meng seme ba niente to oftce end dieupeten ; fot nothing ean be deve until the ecepien of the consttuten. In the meantime, however, much pipe-laying is pereeptible for the epee te ec tie. ‘ Lannogretion still continues, and large numbers, trem ell parte ef the world, flew m daily; many end try their tortwwnes in poles and owl ; there, less embrtrows of fame, leave the muvee; the nity, however, eke the latter wbpres, end, elibe work is hard and their privetion® gveat, me! ‘a little time, to realize © porter of their ent ys The treffie on the rivers, at present, is immense. Some ninety ves cele, of bl) classes, including three steamers, are Hy cmpleygl treneporting pastengers and metehenciee fo the very *, and towne thet border > Mock turtle... 1 ittom, Veab, patents Pri 8 exrnees 75 Boenf a tam ntion chor 75 Sausage, wine YRORTARL ES jed brai- wear ot potatoce 1 Fomatons i ses see oe M0 ‘clatoes, fried i fice, bell s 2 polled ; . 1B Cnbiage and dauenge.... 78 Roast. ceees OL Mutton, a] Veal o “Apple tauce.... Gan PASTRY AND LIST OF WINES arm DELMONICO RESTAURANT. cHayrsose, MADEIRA, Cito Madeira, Biningen & oni | Boperior Old Pale Sherry Twa. e CERAM WR w th cI “ Bparbliig Hoek, feet Londen Doek, raondy Port, jobert Pynen’ bh uperior Old Seu: ‘Lhe only vi Favernah, fag hip ¢ Superior Aloe Ale. here at present, are the pt. Voorhies, the loop, of res wer Warren, Capt. Long, ond the store ship corm. The St. Maty is pouty expected from Colleo. She will proceed immediately on her arri- yelto the Sandwich Ielands, with Coramissioner Jemes on bonrd. ‘The errivels from een have not been large during a, how- hewerk Since the eailing of the Pan ever, quite an addition hes been made to the im- renee fleet, Three hundred equare-rigged vessels of Seermente, The em (het girl the town, exhibit, trom morning t one nied ccene of bustle and confusion ; levee et New Orleons, or the wharves at New York, wll net, in the most horned season, surpace the pebbly beach of Sen Franewco im the amount of Lorinere trensected—ine emwli way. Every man hae bie hele burners to atiend to, and may be hell hours to and fro, intent mation speculators lawyers, few loafers are, wed up in the enormity of their Neval oflicere, whose lawful pay treneections. aie LOW riding at enehor in the harbor; some are | their teams soon giving out. | en | months’ grow Sacramento City, August 25, 1519. Arrwal of the Overland Expedition—Life on the Praivies—Sufferings om the Rowte—Crossing the Sierra Nevada, §c., §c. Tarrived here on the 2Ist, thirty-one days from Salt Lake, with but comparatively little difficulty, when placed in the balance with that to be over- come by those emigrants with wagons. As re- gards those behind, numbering some twenty thowsand, time ean only tell whether or not they get through with, or even without, their wagons. On the desert, a distance of seventy miles, eom- mencing about twenty-five miles above the sink of the Humboldt River, and extending on one route to Trackie’s River, on the other to Salmon Trout River, there were lying dead between six and seven hundred head of stock, and only five hundred wagons had entered it, and over seventy of these were abandoned and left deserted on the road. Those who do get through with their Wagons are compelled to take their team through to the river, there reeruit two or three days, aud return for them. Fannlies can lie here that length of time without much suffering, if water is packed to them in season, on the backs of some fresh animals, Vor the last hundred miles on Humboldt River, there is litte else than willows to support steck, so that they are compelled to enter the desert with their stock nearly exhausted, with the absolute certainty ing them in the face of This difficulty no longer exists ; a large tract of grass (a God-sead selvation to the emigrants) has been dis- covered about twenty miles above the siak, and some eight miles east of the road. Tere they all go before attempting to cross the desert, and reeruit their animals, cut and make hay, which they take with them to cross the barrens) Whea first the news came back of the discovery of this grass, the daik forebodings which shrouded the countenances of al, were dispelled, and cheerful- ness once more held the sway. Itisim fact the emerent’s salvation. One more difficulty to overeome and they are here. It is to cross the Sierra Nevada mountains; and if the northern or old route, via Johnson’s Ranche, is as rich in obstructions as the south, or new route, (und I learn that itis,) there must be a great destruction of property, 1f not suffering and lors of life. About one-fourth of the wagons whieh bad entered the mountaws when I crossed, were left broken to pieces upon the rocks. If they do not cling too long to their wagons, they may yet acgereniely over. If the rear trains get belated (us they must) their only resort, to avoid the snows, will be to leave their wagons, pack yrovisions upon their oxen, and make the best of their way to the nearest, cettlement. J was in the mountains three days; the second of which, August 17th, was freezing cold, the night previcus there having been a series of tre- endous thunder showers, which terminated in heal and snow. the snow does not. come for six weeks, all ately artive in California, This town, Sacramento City, is situated at the opfiuence of the Sacramento and, American te, two miles below Sutter's Fort, of only three h, and yet contains a population of three thousand five hundred ; houses moetly of mus- lin, wbout sixty only of wood. As to prices: All mining tools are high, as are elo all articles upon which labor Bay per- formed here. Picks, €5; pans, @5; cradles for weebing gold, three feet long, worth about two collers in the States, sell here for $40; flour from €8 to $20 per hundred; pork, $50 per hundred; coffee, $18; board $21 per week, or $150 per meal, with the privilege ot sleeping under the nearest lee unoceup: At the nines, 60 miles distant, prices are doubled, and of some things tiebled. Brandy, $2 per bottle. At the mnes, they are making on an average an ounce ef gold per day.’ One nian who arrived here this month, made in two weeks twenty-five thoa- send dollars, and hes gone to San Francisco to take passege to the States. Labor is in proportion to the prodace of the eg ranging from cight to eighteen dollars per ev The latest news from the States is contained in the New Yok Herald, June 50th, which were sold in iy streets yesterduy at 40 cents upiece, and quick at that “lam going, in a day or two, to the mountains, on a prospecung tour, and on my way shall again visit the principal mines, when 1 shall again report to you. “8. Z. F.C. Raxcno prt Cueno, Aug. 21, 1849. News from the Interior—A California Farm— Overland Emigration—An Appeal to General | Riley, &¢., Fe , Se. Since | last wrote you, from Mazatlan, T have experienced no small portion of the vicissitudes und trials that befall, more or less, every one who may attempt to visit California by an overland route. And as the one travelled by me is seldom teken by Americans, and never described, to my | knowledge, I will, at some future time, give you an account of it, For the present, events and cir- cumstances of a more interesting character com- mand my pen. Tum now stopping at the hospitable residence (above named) of Col. Isaac Williams, situated 30 miles east of Los Angelos, and about 20) west from the Colorado, on the whole of which distaw Col. Williams is the only American residing on the road. The colonel has a splendid property, com- prieing 63,000 acres of the best land in the universe. Almost everythiog is, or ean be, raiked here that yeu cen nome, and in such profusion, and at so lit tle expense, that | forbear perticolara, tor fear of demeging my reputation, The eluate, too, is the | most celighttul that can be imagined. Inthe mora- ing the weather is warm, but towards noon a de- | lighttul cea breeze eprisgs up, and for the rest of | the day there prevails a most exhilirating atmoe- | here. ‘The colone) has, 10 his fields, about 20,000 cad of horned cattle, 1,000 horses, several huaa- dred mules, and sheep without limitation. But for the events of the war, this namber would have been much incrensed. The Mexicans vistied his rence, with « foree of €00 men, and after having been fought for some twelve hours, his amimuni- tion heving become exhausted, the colonel was obliged toeurrender. His property was then seized, his Louee plundered of everything it contained a eet tire to is pastures were then robbed ef thou- ronds of his most valuable animals. attack, Col. W. loet upwards of $150,000 worth of property . } ra 1. Fremont, on bis way through this valley last spring, Was eo much attracted by the estate of Col. W., that he oflered $200,000 for it, which was ac- crpted. Bat the first payment not naving been Inece at the time it was agreed on, the arrange- ment has fallen thre ugh. ‘This renebe ws onthe great thoroughfare, over h all must pass who wke the overland route Sunta Fe, or Mexico, to Californi is a by-road, which does not pass this place, to the Porbla, but it is little travelled, aw aleo a roed to San Tiego, but this is 100 miles out of the way for travellers to the north.) ‘The con- ence is such an inflox and efflux of sufferin wenity as mortal man never witnessed out of Calforria [tis the opmion of candid observers, that at least 20.000 persons have passed here with- | in the lost twelve months, and the number that | vase daily is now much increased. Indeed, [ have jenrd it eatimated that there are ever 10,! per- | fone now on the road, between the Colorado « 4 | the Kio Grende. And then, again, the namber o Meaicene that are returning has got to be very nu- merous. Jt nmy interest many of your euy tendera to know that the Knickerbocker company, command- ¢0 by Captain Ebbetts, which left New York early in February lost, have passed here—at least a por- tien ef them. Col. Golding, eo well known in New York ae a surgical metrument maker, was the first to arrive, end hes been stopping with us fora week. The compeny tormed by Mejor Webb and Mr. Avoulon is daily expected. This company leit New York the middle of Febroary last. I can edvise no one to take either of the routes that lead by this place to the Placera. It is very eced travelling 10 come from Matamoras to this and from ake i o ere ina state of open hostility wi ire ‘Two young men, ove from Charlestown, oe) Secrenento, seme at Bereci#,and at New York. eee, S Kingeby by name,and another, P. Spald- You hive a list of those in port, in addition te ing, of Nashua, N. I, were killed by them a few which the following have come in since its publica- days ince. ‘The company to which they belonged, ie | whe were all from Boston and its someponeee 4 28th, brig Cayven. Le Roy, from San Luis; 29, were nleo robbed of nearly every t they Pr mm wed rom Hebart Town, 80, Fr bark | jy I enclore you in this, a e " ro 5, bales Fronnen Nig Teng yy from | which Colonel Witaae has sent on CA Bee Coen ae ~ Goulding, ot New York, to Gow. Riley, which w reine and the Cameo, (apt, Tibbetts, fom New | give yee 3 len of owen of Oe vA Verh, S21 Gaye pa The pree curren leead you. * rent you will find in a letter sheet cop estore you that the etatements are not atall ex- eggetmted. Since that was writen, one party has arrived who lost twenty-seven mules and mueh baggage. Another, among whom were several the Knickerbocker company from New York, lost nineteen mules, $600 in cash, and mach bagzage— in all, they estimate their loss at $3,500. The eon- dition of some of the emgrants who arrive here is most distressing—on foot, nearly naked, and many of them without an ounce of provisions or a ehilling of money. Even when they do net have their baggage etolen, if they lose their animals they are obliged (o throw it away, and the road, in eon- fequence, for many miles this side ot the Colorado, is strewed with guns, clothes, d&c,&c. A few days simce Emanuel Kells, whose fa:her, Lam told, is a merchant tailor in Broadway, died from fatigue and exposure upon the desert, and was there buried. ‘The robberies of the Mexieans, too, continue to be most extensive. According to the report of one party that arrived last night, they saw in one drove fourteen splendid horses and four males, with Col. ‘Williams’ brand upon them, and most of the other perties of Mexicans had more or leas of Col. W.’a animals with them. Other proprietors of stocks sufler equally severely. If Gov. Riley does not respond to this appeal of Col. Williams, there will be warm work at the river before long. There are meu here who are determined to take the matter in their own hands. This you may not be surprised at, for independent of the desire of revenge, there is large expectations of booty to be obtained, both from the ludians aad the Mexicans. Jn my next letter, I propose taking up the subject of routes to California, os J have had opportunities such as few have hud ot judging of their relarive merits, Yours, . P.S. Lhave just understood that Audubon and party have gone from Chihuahua to Mazatlan. A party that has just arrived via Fort Smuh, Santa Pe, &e., report that between Fort Smith, om the Atkensas end Santa Fe, they passed nearly 390 wagons with emigrants for the diggings; betwe oa Santa Fe and the Colorado, at least 160 wagons ; end that at the Placera, near Santa Fe, besides pack mules, companies maunmerable These was- gons are mostly drawn by oxen. These parties are Very generdily accompanied with their women aad children. THE OVERLAND EMIGRATION. ‘weno, Aug. 24, 1849. cT Baiganina Gar. B. Riuwy, Govesnor or Cauiroxnia, Xo , &o. Sm—So three weeks since L did myself the honor to address your Excellency upoa the state of affairs in thig rection of Culfornia, and to solicit military aid in repelling expected hostilities from the wild Indians of the valley. As the messeager by whom this communication was seut his mot yet returned, 1 am ignorant of the dissositiou yenr Excellency may have made of my applicauon; but as events of the most serious character, portending consequences Cf a yet more alaromog nature, have recently transpired in this quarter, | shall make no apology for again intruding myself on your Ex- cellency’s notice, 2 The tmniense emigration which has been going on for ihe Jast twelve months, taki in us route the road which crosses the Coleraco, 13 doubtiess knows to jour Lxcellen But of its preeme amount hardly any one can form an adequate idea, who has not had opportunities ef personal ovser vation. I am fully persuaded that not less than 20,000 persons have passed iy house withia the last twelve months. ‘The animals aud equipages cf this immense multitude appear to have exeited the cupidity or the Indians residing at the river; for,within a few monthe, hardly a party has passe that hus not been rebbed by them Treir depree dations have gradually assumed a hostile chatao ver, vil at length, it mey be said, open war exists between them and the emgronts They have recently murdered a party of six Mexicans, and another, comprising a dozen mea from Massehu- fetta, two of them were killed. Their depreda- tions upon the property of the emigrants have bee come most extensive. A party of Texans that arrived at my house no longer ago than yesterday, reported that they lost over $1,200 worth of pro- perty m money wad baggege, besides avinala; and wnoter party ihat was lere last week, lost, beside much baggege, 24 mules. I ean safely say, that tor the last three months, hardly a party hes a that has not had to report some loss of this wd. if this state of thiegs had reached its climax, bad as itis, it would not be so alarming; bat have reason to believe it 18 bat the tanader that precedes the storm. Asan evidence of this | will state, for the last eight years f have lat treaties with the Indians at the Colorado, and that their chiels were in the habit of regularly visiting me every spring. This seasen they evased to do eo. About two months ago, hearing of thetr coutrnued depredations, | sent for them. ‘This they deelaed dewg, but sent their interpreter, who reported that they (the Up ) were at war with the Pte oor. This, | bave aseertuined, was wholly fake So fur trom their being at war, | have ase certeined that y have receatly formed treaties with the neighboring tibers—the Mohares and the Meoreopes. They have also sent their womea and chyldren into the intertor, and eppear deter- mined © Weging & Vigorous Contest. From the best testimony, | nave reavon to believe there pre now on the re gh this place trem 5,000 to 10,000 envgreats, meny of them with wagors, With their wives and children. Taese witl, ia ail probability, arrive at the crossing mw snill de twebed parties, ignerant and unsusj wthere. The ine tress that will ensue to euch parties, from the lose of their property, Which, in atue cases out of ten, is ceriain to ensue, are distressing to contemplate, to say nothing of the probable scenes olor sned and murder, which, we have too good™teasoa to rupporr, will follow. Leaanot here torbear adding (however egotistical 1 nay appear) that in this business I am a severe sutierer ia @ pecuaiary Way. ‘The emigrants who have been robbed, when they alrive here, are generally ina desttate conditoa, end it eppears incumbent oa me, ay the oaly Amencan between this and the Colorado, to re- heve their necessities. This | have the means of showing | have done, to the extent of over ¢10,000, hi | within the last twelve mouths, I have wow givea your L.xeellency a hurried view of the condition ot aflairs here with the ladians. Dut its my wi usant dety te add that there are ovher causes of uneasiness among us, to which I must now ask leave to call your Excell y's most earnest attention. Within a tew we arge par- ties of Mexicans have d on their way home, their return being avce , es Lam intormed, by disturb tthe mines. we nee a, pt tieet » and disposed to avenge me wrongs, real or supposed, whenever and wherever they may find it convement to do so. Nota aight peeves, but that more or less mules and other au male are taken from the people of this and the weighboring valleys. One of my neighvors has lost his entire st I am Layeul a severe tuflerer. liew far and to what extent this st is to Continue, It 8 ne » and ate of things for me to say; but L see uo reason to doubt but that it may go on aud imerease in wipe gO until the people ot this se robbed of their entire stock. There ww preventing their robberies, and when purs' pertinaciously refuse to give up their plander. La many cases they dispose of the ‘envmale taey steal, to Americans on the road, and we not watrejaently have the mortification to see our owa «animals brovght to our own doors, ia the possession of some unsuspecting emigrant, who has parehused them of these marauding Mexicans Permit me, in closing this corm he hi that your Excel: prough consideratic of thousands of ovr countryme may depend upon the course your Excetleuay may decid ta this matter, to say porhing of the lose ef property. But there tre Other reasons, it strikes me, whien should have no litle weight in the eye ot a pabue functionary in the situation of your fi xeeliency. Cale ferme bot recently a conquered State—is nae bitants con but view themvelves as a eubdued yeo- pit, depeadene fr seourny on & government to whieh they have become subject by the fortunes of war, Iisto the laet degree important, that as far os is Consistent with « wholesome s*if respect ond the digaity of the Amerieaa people, they should be preified and conciliated as far ag is pow sible. To this end, it strikes me, a prompt rédeese of their wrongs, and adequate protection extended to their lives and property, ie oue of the first and most Cbvious of duties: 1 have the honor tobe, Your Excellency’s most oba’t servant, J. Wieesama, Streamer Exeie YY, at Sma, Nov. 9, 1849. Mercantile Afuirs at San Francisco. Dear Sin—You will please fiad herewith prices current ef merchandise, sold by the house of which fama member. 1t ia due to the merchant of San Francisco to notice an article aype.ing im your journal, Oct 16th last, referring to aw acount of wale chow ing small returas aod heavy charges, The inpression made by the general pusheation of the acccunt of sales, mekes referenee to the poms “First, 4 house, threagh whom $ a od they First, the auction “ wicuter portion of merehaadise arriving ts di ES ————