Grand Rapids Herald-Review Newspaper, August 28, 1912, Page 8

PAGE EIGHT © ABOUT THE STATE News of Especial Interest to Minnesota Readers. WASHBURN 1S NEAR DEATH Former United States Senator Reaches Minneapolis From Abroad in a f Critical Condition. With his life hanging by a thread and despaired of by his attending phy- sicians and family former United States Senator W. D. Washburn of Minneapolis won the race with death to reach his home and, with a tena- elous grip, is still fighting for life against the disease which overtook him while on his European trip. As soon as he had reached his old home in Minneapolis, “Fair Oaks,” where he had expressed the wish to die, a deep and peaceful sleep seemed to come over him and, with all pain gone, he lay at the door of death. Intestinal troubles are the cause of the senator’s illness and with his great age against him his battle for life was considered, almost from the first, a losing fight. Never once has he rallied since he began to fail while in Carlsbad. As soon as it was seen that his decline in health was serious i was decided to hasten home. From arlsbad they went to England and ‘took passage on a steamer over the shorter northern route, arriving in Quebec on July 16. ‘FATHER AND SON KILLED Electricity Causes Two Violent Deaths at Winona. Martin Daszkowski aged fifty-three, ‘the oldest mail carrier in point of years in service, and his son Edward, mineteen years old, were electrocuted in the rear of their home in the lower end of the city of Winona. The young man, who had consid- erable experience as an amateur elec- trician, was building a workshop back of the house. He worked by candle Hight until he thought he might “bor- fow” electric illumination from the home. He completed the connections and was about to supply the bulb when he dropped to the ground, writh- os Fi agony and unable to release his ‘7 The tather who already had retired, hheard his cries and rushed to assist fim. He apparently realized his son’s predicament ata glance He hesitated # moment, then grasped the boy. The @lectricity coursed through his body in an instant, and the two were dead before the horrified children, who had Witnessed the tragedy from the rear Porch, could reach them. ~~ ‘ “WOMAN CRUELLY MURDERED | Evidently Strangled to Death by Her Assailant. ~ The body of Mrs. Mary Weinard, fifty-five years of age, bearing marks of violence on her neck and arms, ‘with clothes torn as if she had been fm combat with a person stronger than herself, was found by William Lampson, a switch tender, at a via- duct over the Great Northern tracks at Minneapolis. Her coat had been jerked off and thrown in some bushes and her waist had been torn almost completely from her body. A brown switch, nearly the @olor of her natural hair, had been @natched from her head and lay in the mud near the body. The autopsy performed revealed the presence of “frost” in the woman’s Iungs—a _ recognized symptom of strangulation. The condition of the body was such that the theory is ad- vanced that the woman died trying to defend herself from an assault. STICKNEY IS OPERATED ON former President of Great Western Under Knife. Alpheus B. Stickney of St. Paul, the former president of the Chicago Great Western railroad, who, when he Tetired from active work in 1909 on account of poor health, had established @ nationa! record for continuous serv- ice as chief executive of one road, was eperated on at St. Joseph’s hospital at St. Paul for kidney trouble. Mr. Stickney was in the operating Yoom for an hour and a half. Although seventy-two years old he seemed to stand the operation well and it is stat- e@d by his physicians that unless un- foreseen complications arise his life is not in danger. ONE GIRL SAVES ANOTHER Student at Carleton College Rescues Friend From Drowning. Miss Josephine Stearns of Owa- tonna, a student at Carleton college, saved a girl friend, Miss Dorna Butsch, from drowning in Clear, lake, west of Owatonna Miss Butsch was bathing and in div- img from a barrel floating in the lake and held to the shore by a rope she became entangled and went under wa- ter, being unable to free herself. Miss Stearns heard her cries and jumping ito the water went to the rescue of the drowning: girl, pulling her from the water when nearly exhausted. Miss Butsch alsc is a resident ot Owatonna, A TOTAL SOLAR ECLIPSE. It Is a Very Impressive and Most Won- derful Spectacle. One of the most beautiful and inter- esting sights to be. seen is an eclipse of the sun. It is quite a remarkable fact that the sun is 400 times as broad as the moon and at the*same time is about 400 times as far Sway. So to us they appear to be the same size. A total eclipse of the sun is a very impressive and wonderful sight, says Harold W. Clark in Farm and Home. As the time of the total eclipse draws near the darkness increases. About ten minutes before totality the darkness can almost be felt. Men's faces show a copper color, which makes them look ghastly. Birds cease their songs and go to roost. Flowers close, and an awful stillness rests -upon all the face of Nature. The tem- perature falls and dew appears. Then away to the west we see the shadow of the moon coming with almost terri- fying swiftness. It comes at the rate of 1,000 miles an hour and pounces upon us so suddenly that we are star- tled. Looking at the sun, we see it wholly covered by the moon, but surrounded by a brilliant light that flashes out all around it. This is the corona and is seen only during total eclipses. The eclipse lasts only for four or five min- utes, and then the shadow of the moon passes us, and we can see the sun again. If we should ever be so fortunate as to get a chance to see a total solar eclipse we should count ourselves lucky indeed. It would be worth ge- ing many miles to see. OLD ROMAN BATHS. They Held Theaters, Temples, Feast- ing Halls and Libraries. The ancient Romans were extrava gantly fond of bathing. They got their notions about the bath as a luxury from the Greeks, and at one time there were nearly 900 public bathing estab- lishments in Rome, some of which were the most beautiful and elaborate structures in the world. The baths of the Emperor Diocletian covered more than half a square mile and contained, besides immense basins \ and thousands of marble recesses, the aters, temples, halls for feasting, prom- enades planted with trees, libraries. schools for youth and academies for the discussions of the learned. The bathers sat on marble benches below the surface of the water, around the edge of the basins, scraping themselves with the dull knives of metal and ivory and taking occasional plunges into the water. Dissipated Romans would spend whole days in the bath. seeking relief from overindulgence in eating and drinking the night before. Everybody. even the emperor, used these baths. which were open to every one who chose to pay the price of admission. It was not usual for the old Romans to have baths in their houses, though at a date 1,500 years before that, or | 8,500 years ago, the noblemen of an cient Greece had their dwellings sup- plied with baths of terra cotta. He Hadn’t Heard of Socrates. A big policeman who walks a beat near the Greek settlement in the north side always gets angry when he hears this told at his expense. but there are those who will vouch for its truth: About a month ago a young man. very much excited. rusked up to this policeman and exclaimed: “Say, Jim. did you hear about a Greek by the name of Socrates taking poison?” “1 did not.” Jim replied innocently. Then he added, thoughtfully stroking his chin: “Sure, that’s the first time | ever heard of a Greek going up against anything stronger than what he sells in his own coffee houses. I guess I’d better look this up and bulletin all the details to the department. It’s an un- usual! case.”—Kansas City Journal. Paul Jones’ Promise. After the great fight in which John Paul Jones in the Bonhomme Richard made splinters and shreds of the Brit- ish vessel Serapis the English govern- ment generously decided that, though vanquished beyond a question, the cap- tain of the lost vessel had behaved with becoming bravery and deserved promotion te the rank of commodore. John Paul Jones heard of this promo- tion and its cause and said, “Well, by George! If i ever meet that chap again I'll make him an admiral.” Mozart’s Work. Mozart lived thirty-seven years. His first mass was composed when he was less than ten years of age. and the enormous quantity of his compositions was the work of the succeeding twen ty-seven years. Mozart wrote forty-one symphonies. fifteen masses, over thir- ty operas and dramatic compositions. forty-one sonatas, together witb an im- mense number of vocal and concerted pieces in almost every line of art. The Missing Word. A prospective woman tenant through the typewriter’s omission of one all important littie word of two letters re- ceived the following startling state- ment: “Dear Madam—You can have the fat provided you repaint and re decorate yourself!” The Retort Courteous. Miss Oldwun—!I've refused many, many offers of marriage. Gayboy (absentmindediy» — Very thongbtful and considerate of you, I’m sure.— Meggendorfer Blatter. That character is power is true in a much higher sense than that Knowt- edge is power .- Smiles. TAMED THE BULLY Dramatic Incident of Pioneer Days In Tennessee. — A STAGECOACH ADVENTURE. — The Thrilling Scene When the Terribly Calm Stranger Cowed the Insulting Desperado, as It Was Described by Henry Clay, Who Witnessed It, Upon a certain occasion in his early manhood Henry Clay was traveling in a public stagecoach in Tennessee. His fellow passengers were a young lady apn invalid—and a man in the front cloak that his features were concealed. He appeared to be rather under than over the medium size and was evi- dently enjoying a refreshing slumber. By and by a big, brown faced, brawny Kentuckian got into this coach, smoking a rank, coarse grained cigar. He gazed around fiercely, as though he would impress upon the minds of his new companions that he would chew up and swallow any one who dared to interfere with him. Ip short, he was half horse and half alli- gator, with a goodly sprinkling of pan- ther and grizzly bear thrown in. He puffed forth huge volumes of smoke without the least concern for the com- fort of his companions. Presently the lady, who seemed to be growing sick. whispered to her hus- band, and the husband, in the politest he would not throw away his cigar, as wife. With an impudent, swaggering stare the fellow replied. interlarding his speech with several oaths: “T reckon I’ve paid for my place. Pll smoke as much as I please, and I’d like to see some one try to stop me.” He looked dangerous as he glared around, and it was very evident that be was used to quarreling and strife. and, furthermore, a struggle with him might have been a deadly one. The young man who had spoken to him shrank back and was silent. The lady lowered the sash by her side for a breath of fresh air. Mr. Clay felt every gallant instinct moment whether he should interfere and found himself reluctant to draw upon his own head the brutal violence of the gigantic ruffian. In that then lawless country he knew that his life | might be sacrificed unavenged. He knew himself to be physically un- equal to the contest, and he thought, after all, it was not his duty to risk his life in some quixotic manner. Clay was settling back with pity for the insulted and disgust for the insulter when suddenly, but very quietly, the cloaked figure in the corner assumed an upright position, parting the burred mantle without a particle of excite ment, thereby revealing the small, well knit, muscular frame of a man plainly dressed in a closely buttoned frock coat, with a face rather pale and a pair of bright eyes that gleamed like pol isbed steel, and those strange eyes quickly attracted the attention of the ferocious Kentuckian. With a terrible calmness this man passed his hand under his collar at the back of his neck and deliberately drew forth a jong, glittering and ugly look- ing knife from a sheath in that sin- gular place. “Stranger.” he said, “my name is Colone! James Bowie. well known in Texas and Arkansas. If you do not put that cigar out of the window in less than fifteen seconds I'll put this knife through your heart as sure as death!” Clay said he would never forget the expression of the colonel’s eyes at that moment. They told, as unmistakably as signs can tell, that the threat would | certainly be fulfilled, and this convic- |tlon evidently impressed itself upop the mind of the offender. During a very few seconds his eyes met those of Bowie. With all his brute strength he was the weaker man, and he quailed. With a muttered curse he threw his cigar away, upon which Bowie coolly returned the knife to its sheath and, without another look or word, refolded his cloak about him and lay back as before. At the next stopping place the Ken- tuckiap got out and took a seat with the driver—New York Telegram. The Proper Retort. At a dinner a married man praised the beauty of the Atlantic City girls Then, with a foolish chuckle. he added: “I had an awful bunch of them after me when I was down there on my va tation.” The lady beside him looked at him coldly and retorted: “Dear me! They must have been an awful bunch.”—Exchange. The Better Name. “So you are thinking of calling your baby boy Peter. I wouldn't; I’d call him Paul.” “Why so?” “He would have a better chance in life. It's Peter. you know, who is al- Ways robbed to pay Paul.”—Boston ‘Transcript / ————— Crawford—Do you think he’s hen- pecked? Crabshaw—He never men- tioned it. but I’ve noticed that the Portraits over his mantelpiece are those of his wife’s folks.—Judge. Our highest hopes are often destroy. ed to prepare us for better things. f and her husband—the latter evidently | corner so muffled up in a fur lined, manner possible. asked the stranger if | the smoke greatly discommoded his | of his soul aroused. He considered for | Home Course Road Making VII.—Highway Cuiverts and Bridges. | By LOGAN WALLER PAGE, Director Office of Public Roads, United States Department oS Agriculture Copyright By American Pree Asso- elation, 1912. structed for a twofold purpose. In the first place, they are re quired to provide the mecessary drainage for the road and, in the sec {ond place, to furnish a suitable cross | ing for traffic over waterways. A large | percentage of the highway culverts ‘and bridges in this country were built of wood in the frst instance, and in later years many of the smaller cub verts have been rebuilt with some kind | ef pipe, either of terra cotta, cast iron | or more recently of corrugated metal. | It is impracticable in a short paper te | discuss the various forms of pipe cul- | verts. They are purchased in the open market, and the road official uses his | judgment about the size of pipe that {should be laid to serve the require ments of the location in question. | The following principles should, how- | ever, be borne in mind: All pipe cul- ! Cs: and bridges are con- | | verts should be laid deep enough s0 | that the pipe will not be injured by the | FIG. L—OONCRETE CULVERT STEEL I BEAMS INCGASED IN OONOBETE. traffic passing over it, and head walls | should in all cases be built at each end of the culverts to prevent them from being washed out. The maxi- mum fill to be allowed over a clay pipe culvert should be at least three | feet. The objection to pipe culverts is that they become easily clogged and are thus made useless. Clay pipe cul- verts are easily broken unless they are well laid and well protected. The most simple and natural form of bridge consists of timbers laid across the stream or opening which is to be passed over and covered with planks to form the roadway. Walls should be built to support each end of the timbers, and these are called abut- ments. The width of the opening which they cross is termed the span. The timbers themselves are called stringers, and the planks are usually referred to as the flooring. The size of the stringers required in- creases with the span and the distance apart, center to center, that they are | laid. For example, a 2 inch by 6 inch | stringer will do for a two foot span, while a 6 inch by 10 inch or 6 inch by 12 inch stringer is required for a twen- {ty foot span. The distance apart that the stringers are required to be laid varies with the thickness of the plank flooring and the amount of traffic. | The weight of the materials in the bridge is commonly referred to as the dead load. The additional load which the bridge is designed to carry is known as the live load and consists of animals, wagons or motor vehicles or pedestrians. A crowd of people stand- ing close together on a bridge is usual- ly estimated at about 100 pounds per square foot of floor space. The strength of the bridge depends upon the kind of timber used, the di- mensions of the timber, the amount used and its location, and also very largely upon the span of the bridge. For example, assuming a loaded wagon varrying 500 pounds per wheel, a yel- low pine board one inch thick and eight inches wide would require stringers to | support it about every thirteen inches apart to carry the load safely, while a |plank of the same width and two inches thick would require stringers | three feet apart, and a three inch plank {would require stringers about every four feet apart. These figures are based | | Upon the assumption that yellow pine, Douglas fir or a good quality of oak would be used. If such timbers as j white pine, hemlock or spruce are used, ‘then stringers would be required about every eight inches for a one inch | board, every two and one-half feet for a two inch plank and every three feet | for a three inch plank. | The following table gives the approx- “imate sizes of stringers required for the different spans: | | | Eeglieg eelie gee cee leees gifseid [BS IREceigcse Eg|S2ee \Ssiest= esse abd Ce iobd Cael ees wil eas 2x6 8x6 2x6 | 8x6 2x6 Bx6 Bx6 | 4x8 | 8x6 | 4x8 Bx6 | 4x8 H 8x6 4x8 | Im the above table round timbers or logs may be substituted for the strin | gers, in which case the diameter of the . log should be about one and one-eighth (times the largest dimension of the stringer as given. Fig. 2 illustrates two methods by * inches by 12 inches square and 24 feet between points of support will carry safely a concentrated load of one and one-half tons at its center, while if the same beam be made into a King post beam by passing underneath the beam 4 one inch steel rod, which is made fast at either end of the beam, and in- serting a single post under the load at the center of the beam, then such @ beam will carry about two and three- quarter times as much, or a load of three and three-quarter tons, safely, | | while if the same beam be built into a King truss beam the load concen- trated at the center may then be ip- creased to nine tons. The best culverts and smaller bridges are built of re-enforced concrete. The cost is greater than for wooden or pipe constructions in the first instance, but if well built there should be no fur- ther cost for repairs. That is, the first cost is the last cost, while durability and safety are secured from the out- set. Good materials, consisting of crush- ed stone or gravel, sand and portland cement and water, are required for con- crete. Deformed steel rods imbedded in the concrete are used for strength- ening the cover spans. The mixing of these materials into concrete and plac- ing it in the forms are extremely sim- ple matters after they are-once well understood, but nevertheless should not be undertaken by one who is unfamil- iar with the use of concrete. There are three general kinds of con- crete culverts, which are known as the concrete box type. They are built for the smaller sizes up to such as have an wide. For sizes above that the floor is usually left out where it is not needed to protect the foundation, or paving May be substituted for it. The floor and side walls are constructed of con- crete with or without metal re-enforce- ment, usually without such re-enforce- ments. The proportions of concrete used for the floor and side walls are usually, 1, 8, 6—that is, one part by Measure of portland cement, three parts by measure of sand and six parts by measure of crushed stone or gravel. For spans above ten or twelve feet the , cover needs to be strengthened with concrete beams. This type is known as the concrete T beam from its resem- blance to the capital letter. They are Placed adjacent to each other, the dis- tance from center to center depending upon the load which the bridge is ex- pected to carry. The best type of concrete culverts for spans from ten feet up to thirty feet is the steel I beam incased in concrete, as shown in Fig. 1. Here the concrete floor is designed to carry the load across the span from one I beam to an- other, while the steel I beams carry the load from one abutment to the oth- er. It often happens that the culverts are built on yielding foundations and that the abutments sometimes settle, causing cracks that would be danger- ous in some types of culverts, but it is the ability of the steel I beam type to withstand such conditions as these just mentioned that makes it the best type to build. The I beams are incased in concrete to protect them from rusting. Sometimes they are simply painted or more often not painted at all, and what would be a permanent bridge is al- lowed to rust out ‘for lack of proper care. For details in regard to the methods of designing and building concrete bridges attention is called to bulletin No. 39, “Highway Bridges and Cul- verts,” issued by the office of public roads, United States department of agriculture. No road can be called a good road that is dotted with broken, wornout and unsafe wooden culverts and bridges, such as are encountered on 24-0" Simece Beam Safe Load at Carter 1& Tans. Ning Post Beam Sate Load at Center 3% Tens Kine Truss Bean Safe Load at Center 9 Tone. VIG. Il.—COMPARATIVE TYPES AND LOADS FOR WOODEN BEAMS. ° many of our highways at the present time. Such bridges are a menace to our traveling public and are expensive to maintain. The price of timber is advancing, and the increasing traffic dGemands safer bridges ané culverts. Re-enforced concrete for this class of work appears to form the best solu- tion of this problem. Bridge construc. tion is eminently the work for the en- gineer, and his services should in al cases be secured. . The Road Contract System. There are three systems of road maintenance in use in this country— viz, the contract system, the labor tax, or personal service system, and the system which provides men perma- nently employed to look after particu- lar sections of road. The contract sys- tem has been used to some extent in various states, but it has never been found entirely satisfactory. As a gen- eral rule, the amount paid for this work is small, and such poor service is rendered that in many cases the roads have become worse rather than which the simple beam or stringer may j better. BIGFORK RIVER Bids Approved for Judical Highway Between Itasca and St. Louis Counties — At a meeting of the poard of coun- ty commissioners held last week it was decided to advertise for) bids for the construction of a steel bridge across the Big Fork river, on road No. 28, the bridge to cost approxi- jmately, $2,500. The board also approved the bids for the construction of the judicial highway between the counties of Itasca and St. Louis. This new road will be ten miles in length and will open up a large section of the fertile Bear River country to market. The total cost of the work will be $5,260, ot which Itasca and St. Louis each | pay half. Bids on the LaPrairie road were opened, and the contract was as- signed to Jasper Pogue of Feeley, for $600. Appropriations for highway repairs in different parts of the couny were made as follows: Town of Iron Range $500; town of Bass Lake, $125; town of Ardenhurst, $300; town of Lake Jessie, $300. The board will hold its next meet~- |ing Tuesday, September 10. |opening about four feet by six feet | DROWN AS LAUNCH BURNS Man and Woman Perish Near Shore- ham, Minn. Cora Gysland, twenty-one years old, end Charles Hurley, thirty-two years old, both employes at the Shoreham ho- tel, a summer resort fifty miles east of | Moorhead, drowned when they jumped from a burning launch. Their bodies were recovered. They clasped one another in a grip which it was found | difficult to break. Hurley and Miss Gysland were mem- bers of a party of seven which went for a launch ride. Hurley acted as engineer and after lighting a cigar threw the burning match into some gasoline. Flames spread, setting the boat afire. Miss Gysland pushed Hur- ley into the water and followed. Other members of the party did not see } them again. The other three women and two men jumped into the water and kept hold of the burning boat until onlook- ers on shore saw the flames and res- | cued them. | ANSWERS ATTACK OF RIVALS Minnesota Governor Defends Use of Contingent Fund. Answering attacks on Governor Eber- | hart regarding expenditures from the | governor's contingent fund Ralph W. Wheelock, secretary to the governor, issued a statement in answer to argu- ments accredited to Lewis C. Spooner jand W. E. Lee, gubernatorial candi- Gates and rivals of Eberhart. The reply made by the governor’s secre- tary covers an expenditure from the contingent fund used for the care of | Bertha Clausen of Duluth, an insane girl. Mr. Wheelock says in the reply there was nothing improper about the expenditure as is alleged to have | been charged by the two rival candi- | dates. Regarding other alleged improper usages of the contingent fund Mr. | Wheelock says no answer will be made because they are. too trivial. | Presence of Mind. 2 | Thus she reproached him: it “Alfred, this is the first time yor have come to see me for more than a month!” Thus he explained: “Kitty. U've decided that when a ; young fellow can't keep from thinking ef a girl every moment of his life it’s time for him to quit seeing her.” “Kiss me, Alfred. dear.” | He hesitated a moment—and was lost.—Chicago Tribune. Artemus Ward’s Account. | Ap Ohio man who attended the dedi- cation of a monument recalled Artemus | Ward's account of one of these cere- monies: “It was a fine parade, a very fine parade. The marching column was fully a mile and three-quarters long— &s was the prayer of Dr. Chaplain, the | chaplain.” | Promise to order a telephone today. The safety and comfort of my wife and children demand it. Tried and proven Residence Service 5 cents per day Order the Mesaba len = B MESABA TELEPHONE CO Bike