Evening Star Newspaper, May 11, 1940, Page 8

ill Sunday Mernins Cditien. THEODORE W. NOYES, Editer, WASHINGTON, D. C. SATURDAY. May 11, 140 e L MR eyl ol e PR Delivered by Carrier—City and Suburban. Ing and 1day url:é Der w E:‘hmm# { uumi?r‘&esur':‘ o Sunday Btar . -, : ... 106 Der 0Py t Final Raitlen. 1 inal & Ript Bns g BV s g monty ) very. R B S8 B e o monty Sonday Biar B 1) at the end of each month of Collection ondh wsek " Sr,t, 110,900 ot each month of phone National o Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. ily lnlllg Bun 1 yr. 8 =: Slzg inday only_. mo.. Entered as wm-chn flfler Post office, thmbn of the Associated Press. e Associated Press is exclusively entitl the sa for Tebublication oF o) heas dedte eredited to 1t or not of ise_credited aper and also the local news publisned herein. ! nights of publication of special dispatehes erein also are reserved. D e — Churchill at the Helm In a day crammed with such events as studded Europe's tragic yester- day—a black Friday if ever there was one—none of them, at least of purely political magnitude, approxi- mates the retirement of Neville Chamberlain as British Prime Min- ister and his succession by Winston Churchill. Such a swapping of horses in mid- stream was inevitable after Wednes- day’s acrimonious_proceedings in the House of Commons. The tired and harassed seventy - one - year - old statesman, who had steered the ship of state through three tempestuous Yyears, emerged from two days of debate over the Norwegian flasco nominally- victorious, but with the prestige of his government so shat- tered that it might well have been a ~yote of no-confidence which was recorded instead of the slender mar- gin of eighty-one in a house of six hundred and fifteen, by which the cabinet technically escaped over- throw and was entitled to carry on. But Neville Chamberlain was prompt to read the handwriting on the wall. It told him that popular confidence in his capacity to conduct & Britain fighting for its life was gone; that the integrity of the man, the inflexibility of his high purpose, are not enough in such a crisis; that the hour calls imperiously for more vigorous hands at the helm than those of the deceived man of Birm- Ingham, who made “appeasement” of Adolf Hitler his shibboleth and, in blind faith in fair Nazi words, brought back hopes for “peace in our time” from Munich a sad year and a half ago. . One can sense with little effort the heartbreaking disillusionment which welled up in Neville Chamberlain’s soul yesterday, as he broadcast to the empire from Number Ten Down- ing street the motives that led him to submit his resignation to King George. He confessed, with a poig- nancy of candor which will do him enduring credit, that after Wednes- day’s debate he had “no doubt some new and drastic action” was required to restore the nation’s confidence. In a farewell passage to the nation, the man who had seen his dreams of peace so brutally blasted, bade Britain to present her “full and united strength behind the new gov- ernment” and adjured her that she must fight “until this wild beast that has sprung out of his lair upon us be finally disarmed and overthrown.” To Winston Churchill, the empire’s brilliant, bold and impetuous new man of destiny, this herculean task now falls. He assumes it, panoplied not only in full war-waging powers, but in a full degree of public assur- ance that no other in the realm measures up to his capacity for it. To the “half-American,” sixty-five- year-old statesman, who has worn many party colors in his day and played a vast variety of roles in peace, war and statecraft, tenancy of the prime ministership comes as the realization of a lifetime ambition. Britons hope, and believe, it has not come too late. None among them personifies, as does the dynamic and sometimes incalculable “Winston,” the bulldog spirit the hour demands. Hitler has not wantonly invaded the Low Countries, primarily to subjugate Dutch and Belgian independence. It is the North Sea coasts of Queen Wil- helmina’s and King Leopold’s lands which the Nazis covet as spring- boards for attacks on the British Isles. In Berlin there is no conceal- ment of that objective, as the strategy underlying what Queen Wilhelmina brands as “this unexampled violation of good faith and what is considered decent between civilized nations.” Winston Churchill takes up his burden fully cognizant of its terrific magnitude. For three years he thun- dered unheeded warnings into the ears of his government and country as to the menace rising across the North Sea, especially in the air. Day in and day out he admonished a somnolent Britain that it would pay dearly for the folly of not meeting that challenge betimes. Y In many British minds, the name of Winston #Churchill stands for dare-devil impulsiveness, rash state- ment and general recklessness. But he is twenty-five years older than when he instigated the ill-starred naval expedition to Antwerp in the earliest hours of the World War and the even far more disastrous misad- venture of Gallipoli. He is the Wins- ton Churchill who said in his “The World Crisis,” written long after Jut- land, that Admiral Jellicoe was per- haps the only man in history “who might have lost a great war in s &in- gle afternoon.” The new Prime Min- ister identified himsell with the & strategy of caution which“the com- mander of the grand fleet chose to pursue that fateful, misty May day off the Danish coast in 1916. That energy tinctured with fore- Slght, zeal governed by discretion, will be the hallmarks of Churchill wer policy “in the greatest peril we have ever faced” may safely be as- sumed. With words that now seem prophetic of the prespongibilities he was about to inherit, Britain’s new steersman concluded his address in Commaons thiy week in these terms: “Let pre-war feuds die. Let per- sonal quarrels be forgotten. Let party interest be ignored. Let all energles be harnessed. Let all the ability and force of the empire be hurled into the struggle.” The man who makes this plea to the British commonwealth of nations, with his feet on the ground and his eyes to the stars, is caparisoned to captain his country’s cause to victory if vic- tory is to be had. That he belleves in its ultimate achievement is not the least of the many qualities which accompany Winston Churchill into his post of supreme responsibility at Britannia’s hour of test and trial. —— Costs of Unpreparedness Great Britain today is paying some of the costs of unpreparedness. Winston Churchill’s amazingly frank admission in the House of Commons that failure of the allied campaign in Central Norway was due to the overwhelming superiority of German air power provides the world with & grim object lesson on the dangers of a laissez-faire policy with respect to national defense. The Prime Minister-to-be deprecated Britain’s “failure in the last five years to maintain or regain air parity with Germany” and warned that this neglect “will condemn us for some time to come to a great deal of diffi- culty, suffering and danger which we must endure with firmness until more favorable conditions can be established.” It is interesting to compare Great Britain’s expenditures for defense during those five vital years with the cost of war preparations in Germany during the same period. Britain's total was $7,897,000,000, Germany's $19,100,000,000. A large part of the Nazi bill was for airplanes—the same airplanes which desolated Poland, which swept in waves over Norway, driving the helpless allied landing forces back to their ships in con- fusion, and which now are spreading death and destruction ovér the new Lowland front. The record of events since Munich gives disturbing proof that the nation unable to defend itself be- comes easy prey for avaricious and unprincipled aggressors. Britain’s shocking experience in Norway is well worth pondering on this side of the Atlantic Ocean in these cru- cial days. The same sort of apathy which afflicted England in recent years has been all too evident in the United States until the last year or so. The same outcryyraised in England against military costs has been heard in Congress. Even now there are those who contend that what has happened to the democ- racies of Europe could not happen here. 1 But these misguided individuals should not be allowed to forget that when aggression is on the march, the lust for further power and fur- ther conquests is not easy to satidte. It Britain and France should fall— ‘and it is high time that America began to think seriously about that very possibility—we would have two oceans to watch, instead of one. We do not have a two-ocean fleet, be- cause we have depended on England to patrol the Atlantic for us. Can we afford to ignore the implications of Nazi domination of Greenland or of Bermuda, of Nazi “fifth columns” in any of the republics to the south? And what of Japan in the Far East it democracy is crushed in Europe and we are forced to divide our fieet? These might have been fantastic thoughts two or three years ago—but they are taking on real substance today. Fortunately, the administra- tion and both Houses of Congress have begun to face the realities in forthright manner. Large expendi- tures for national defense already have been approved. It is régrettable, however, that the House and the Sen- ate Naval Affairs Committees have seen fit to reduce the naval expan- sion program from the twenty-five per cent asked by the Navy to eleven per cent. There have been indica- tions of shortsightedness, also, in the shelving of certain other defense items—such as the harbor improve- ments at Guam and the air base at Anchorage, Alaska. It is not too late to reappraise Army and Navy needs in the light of the spreading flames of war in Europe and to take such additional action as our experts on hemisphere security deem to be urgent. Fallure to do so now might condemn us in the future to “dif- culty, suffering and danger” of the type which Britain gravely faces today as a result of her own short- sightedness. America should profit by Britain’s tragic lesson: That while the costs of preparedness are great, the costs of unpreparedness can be inestimably greater. No Immunity Honest appraisal of the implica- tions of the latest “attacks on civill~ zation” in Europe, as analyzed so cleafly by President Roosevelt in his address to the Eighth American Scientific Congress last night, should leave no doubt in any one’s mind'« their very real threat to American security: There is no escaping the President’s “reluctant conclusion” that continuance of the bloody march of conquest undertaken by Germany presents a definite chal- lenge to the New World. ; All thinking persons who face thé issue squarely must admit with Mr. Roosevelt that if the “modern con« querors” who “seek to dominate hundreds of millions of people in vast continental areas” are success- ful in that aim they will “enlarge their wild dream to encompass every human peinig and every mile of the earth’s surface.” It is well that this be realized before it is too late to do anything about it. Too many Americans have believed, the Presi- dent pointed out, in the “mistaken idea” that the ocean between here and Europe gives us “some form of mystic immunity.” This idea is ex- ploded by realization of the fact that “in terms of the moving of men and guns and planes and bombs every acre of the Americas * * * is "closer to the homes of modern con- querors and the scenes of attacks in Europe than was the case in his- toric efforts to dominate the world in bygone centuries.” America does not want war and for that very reason cannot afford to shut her eyes to the dangers of totalitarian domination of the rest of the world. Surely it is time, as Mr. Roosevelt said, “to spread that problem before us in the cold light of day, to analyze it, to ask questions, to demand answers, to use every knowledge, every science we possess, to apply common sense, and espe- clally to act with unanimity and singleness of purpose.” S — A Friend at Court The Police Department has learned with pleasure that it has a distin- guished friend at court—at the Su- preme Court, in fact. He is Asso- ciate Justice Harlan F. Stone, former Attorney ‘General of the United States and long a supporter of ef- forts to improve the Nation’s law enforcement machinery. Justice Stone, it has just been disclosed, wrote a letter recently to Senator Nye, Republican, of North Dakota, urging a “substantial addition” to the personnel of the Metropolitan Police force. Addressing Senator Nye as a member of the Subcommit- tee on District Appropriations, the jurist characterized the increase in crimes of violence in Washington as “alarming” and declared that ex- isting police protection is “inade- quate.” Justice Stone, who believes in get- ting at the facts, has done the Police Department and the citizens of Washington generally a favor by fo- cusing attention again on the urgent need for an enlarged force of patrol- men in the growing Capital. He points out that data prepared by the Washington Criminal Justice Asso- ciation show that during the past decade, when the population of the city was increased by approximately one hundred and sixty-eight thou- sand persons, only eighty-two po- licemen have been added to the de- partment. That means about one policeman for every two thousand and forty-eight citizens. Responsi- bility for this disparity lies not with the police officials, for they have pleaded year after year for adequate personnel. This year, for example, Major Brown, superintendent of po- lice, asked for one hundred addi- tional men, but after conferences between the Commissioners and the Budget Bureau, the request was cut to twenty-five men. The House elim- inated even this small number, but the Senate Appropriations Subcom- mittee fortunately has restored the item. The Senate would make no mistake if it were to take Justice Stone’s advice and give Major Brown the total he really needs to make Washington a safer city for law- abiding citizens. e ————————— Red Cross Appeal American sympathy for the inno- cent peoples of Europe doomed to suffer the horrors of “blitzkrieg” war as a result of new German invasions can be translated into effective action by prompt and generous re- sponse to the Red Cross appeal for an emergency war-relief fund of $10,000,000. The money will be used to help supply warm clothes, surgical dress- ings, medicines and other things essential for the thousands of civil- ians whose homes are being de- stroyed as the ravages of war spread. Already, the Red Cross has spent nearly $1,500,000 for the relief of human suffering in wartorn Europe, including $800,000 contributed vol- untarily. Invasion of the Nether- lands, Belgium and Luxembourg increases the need far beyond what can be met from ofrdinary sources, however. President Roosevelt and Norman Davis, chairman of the Red Cross, emphasized urgency of the need in announcing the appeal yesterday. Calling for immediate donations through the Red Cross chapters or to headquarters here, Mr. Davis said: “Destruction is rapid; so also must be the response of those who would sustain the sufferers. Our sympathies must not be empty expressions. They must be mobilized for action; not the action that destroys, but the action that gives life and hope and courage.” Mr. Roosevelt pointed out that the Red Cross is “the logical agency through which our citizens can ex- press thbir compassion for the inno- cent victims of the wars that rage overseas,” and expressed his confi- dence that “we will not fail them.” It is a challenge that sympathetic Americans should be quitk to meet. S ———— American manufacturers of small arms are said to lead the world. But there is one instrument they have not yet been able to perfect—the pis- tol whith works s0 beautifully for for suicide. the:attempted - . .4cy in whatever he Of Stars, Men And Atoms _Notebook of Science Progress In Field, Laboratory And Study By Thomas R. Henry. In the pleasant Berlin suburb of Dahlen, about five miles southwest from the center of the city, is a group of 30 or 40 two-story, stucco-finished buildings with lawns and gardens interspersed among them. ‘This is the brain center of the universe —or was until Adolf Hitler drove from the country or threw into concentration camps its most distinguished workers, Out of this group of buildings in the past 30 years have come some of the most rev- -olutionary discoveries in the history of human thought. It is the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, de- voted up to now to research in pure sci- ence. It has lengthened men’s lives and immeasurably lightened their burdens. There is hardly a person living who is not indebted to it. It is the glory of the German race. Several hundred scientists are em- ployed there. There is a persistent, but naturally unverifiable, rumor among American physicists that these men have been ordered to devote their exclusive attention to finding some way of ex- tracting from pitchblend the precious actino-uranfum. & It would be a military assets of the first order, if theory actually works in practice. A few pounds of it would be enough to keep a submarine, or even a battleship, fueled indefinitely. Its value in airplanes almost certainly would be enormous. It is hardly possible to im- agine a more potent “secret weapon,” of which Hitler sometimes boasts. It would never be, one may be reasonably certain, material for bombs. Even if it would work it would be far too expensive to waste in such a way. The staff of the Kaiser Wilhelm Insti- tute are brilliant men. It is far from impossible that one of them will hit upon some scheme of separating actino- uranjum from ordinary uranium in ap- preciable quantities and that he will start in it the vital chain reaction that might change the face of the earth. When he does so he is doomed. He will be dead within two or three days, the first human sacrifice on the altar of his own strange discovery. He will, the chances are, be a brave man who will devote his agonized dying hours to mak- ing a complete record of his revolution- ary experiment. The man’s body will be riddled with X-rays of such penetrating power that he will essentially be burned alive. Also everybody else at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute runs a fair chance of. suffering the same fate. The deadly rays will permeate the whole neighbor- hood. The great scientific institution may be the first victim of its own brain- child. There is only one way, American physicists say, that the starter of the chain reaction might escape his fate. He might work by remote control appa- ratus, himself in a cubicle surrounded by hollow walls 20 to 30 feet thick and filled with water. It is highly improb- able that any such precautions will be taken. They would, at the best, be ex- tremely inconvenient. The man will have no means of knowing when the moment of success will arrive. ‘Two questions naturally cause Amer- ican physicists some bad dreams. How close are the Germans to solving the problem. They had the first chance at it. They muffed it. If Hitler had let Lise Mintner alone he might have had exclusive possession of the whole field of actino-uranfum utilization. Instead it came to the United States. But did they muff it? Maybe they saw the possibilities and were working quiet- ly all the time. If so they may have 8 head start and know a lot more than ever has been revealed. This is highly doubtful. For one thing they have not the necessary apparatus. Otherwise here in America the physi- cists are six months ahead of the Ger- mans. Up to date everything has been published freely in American $lentific Journals. Hitler's scientists have the advantage of everything which has been accomplished here. But the Americans feel that if they cannot keep ahead with & six-month start they had better 80 out of business anyway. They will be & little more chary of information in the future. The second question is: What will Hit- ler do with atomic energy if he gets 1t? It would hardly be an immediate threat. 1t might require as much as 10 years to find a way to use it eMciently and rede- sign battleships and submarines in order to take advantage of it. “It's the next war we have to worry about, not this one,” remarked one of the American leaders in the search for atomic energy. If the Germans obtain substantial quantities of actino-uranium they will have a terrible threat to hold over the heads of the allies, but maybe there will not be much behind the threat. Meanwhile the alliles may be doing something themselves. Very little activ- ity in this line has been reported from Great Britain. One of the leading centers of research in this fleld, however, is the College de France. As long ago as last summer there were disquieting rumors in Paris that Prof. Frederic Joliot, son- in-law of Mme. Curie, might be blowing the city off the map some quiet after- noon. Prof. Joliot and his associates actually had very little at the time, but they have not been asleep since. Sees Walter Johnson as Asset to Congress. To the Editor of The Star: ‘The millions of admirers of Walter Johnson, the “Big Train” of baseball, are gratified at his election as the Republican nominee for the House of Representatives from the 6th Maryland district; particu- larly as he made little effort to secure the nomination. It seems a case of the office seeking the man, a theory of our Government now almost forgotten. Walter’s election in November promises to be almost non-political. Clark Griffith, president of the Wash- Ington ball club, recently stated to the writer: “Walter Johnson may not know all the tricks of a politician, but he is an honest-to-goodness fellow and a man of character, who would be s great asset in Congress. He would always be standing for an honest And upright pol- ¢ ] May 8. " THIS AND THAT “UPTON STREET. “Dear sir: “This 1§’ not" written with & desire to burden you or to take up space in your column., “I thought that you might be interest- ed to hear the sequel to, the story of ‘Cardinal versus Robin.’ “The robin won! “Whether or not fate played & part we shall never know. The morning after the snow and severe cold the female cardinal was in her nest. “She came several times that day, busily trying to rearrange the disorder caused by the storm, a pat here, another pat there. % x % “Each time she came she settled down in the nest for & few minutes in spite of a lump of ice in the bottom of it. “The next day she didn't nor have I seen her since. It was very cold again that night. Could she have suc- cumbed? “The male came again and aagin, sat in a nearby tree and called, but she never appeared. “The robin lost no time in taking over. “In her enthusiasm to get settled she pushed the bottom right out of the nest. 8he has worked several days patching with mud and leaves, until now she has & nest that will withstand anything short of an earthquake. % X % % “Up in our home in Alaska she would receive the unflattering title of ‘claim- Jumper.’ “Robins are forever hopping about the lawn, but the cardinals are more elusive. “So it was a great disappointment to miss such a rare opportunity to view the cardinals at close range. “But now a happler turn of events. Yesterday the male cardinal came for the peanufs put out for him, accom- panied by & younger mate. Younger? She’s petite and vivacious. “Very truly yours, . * % %x Cardinals and robins are wonderful birds. All observers think so. Starlings and English sparrows also are wonderful, but some people do not think so. The latter ask how any one can see anything good in these imported birds which have made themselves so at home in America. Well, for one thing, these creatures bring happiness in locations where no other winged creatures normally come. We were in & hospital the other day, talking to a patient who was surrounded by kindly service, books and flowers, but she got more fun out of watching a lone starling. * % % This' glistening fellow cheered the watcher, who waited each day to see his visits to a series of flower boxes on the roof garden of a building opposite. Letters to Discuses Republican Candidates’ Qualifications. To the Bditor of The Star: The Republican National Convention is but a few weeks away and still the question of who will be the nominee for President is just about as uncertain as it was a year ago. Enough delegates have now been selected to indicate that none of those who have been promi- nently before the public, has, or wiil have, sufficient votes in the convention to bring about his nomination. It is granted that there will be a goodly number of favorite sons presented to the convention and it is to be expected that the delegates from their States will stand by them as long as there is any chance for their nomination. While District Attorney Thomas Dew- ey has made a good showing in a few States where primaries have already been held, yet Mr. Dewey will be un- able to come into the convention with the support of the entire delegation from his own State. This, in a measure, will discount a sizable vote he has been able to roll up in Wisconsin, Nebraska and Illinois. It is conceded that United States Senator Robert Taft will enter the convention with a large block of votes. But this, to the seasoned politi- cian, means little. The leaders are fully aware that to be successful at the polls in November the party must have the full confidence of the farmers, the small and large businessmen and the manufacturers. Whom do these voters really want in the White House? It is evident that President Roosevelt cannot be smoked out until he is good and ready to announce his plans. It is now apparent that he will be the choice of fully 80 per cent of the delegates to the Democratic National Convention, it he wants the nomination. It is equally true that, in the event he does not want to run for & third term, he will be able to-name the candidate. In this event, he undoubtedly will be guided by whom the Republicans put up. The Republl- can Convention being held first makes the work of President Roosevelt just that much easier. D.M.D."” Now the starling is & sort of natural Ppossesses ty slong entertainment lines. ‘The spectator, of course, must be will- ing to watch without prejudice. This is essential in all art. The starling has gifts of mimicry, able to throw his voice from point to point. 3 * %% It was only natural, then, that this particular starling was able to furnish real amusement to the patient. 1t became sport to watch for him, and then to see just what he would do. Usually his routine lay along the line of boxes, over which he solemnly plodded as if on a round of inspection. Many a more important bird could have done the same without creating half the effect. The starling is a good actor. * ok k% This bird came every day at about the same time, made his round of the boxes, then flew away. Few birds came to this point. Not even English sparrows, which are, above all, the city bird, bringing the sport of bird watching and feeding to locations where otherwise there would be none of it. The visits of this lone starling were particularly appreciated. The patient was a great bird feeder, having gone out in all sorts of weather for many years to carry the birds their seeds and grain, and to see that their baths and drinking places were filled. *x %% Those who deprecate starlings and English sparrows perhaps do not know of the place which these birds hold in literature. Famous writers have paid them tribute. The house sparrow is not despised everywhere. Perhaps he would not be anywhere if detractors would stop to think that he is just a little fellow trying to get along. The American bird scene would be better without starlings and English sparrows. But now that they are here, what can be done about it, short of uni- versal slaughter? Surely there is enough of that across the seas. We believe that most real bird lovers are willing to put up with unwanted species, in the name of decent humanity. In time many are surprised to find themselves admiring birds which once they thought they hated. Love and ad- miration win every time, if you give them a chance. the Editor Letters to the Editor must bear the name and address of the writer, although the use of a pseudonym for pubdlication is permissible, Please be brief! in public affairs, as against the present incumbent, or any candidate he may select, just because the present Presi- dent has been unable to put all of the unemployed back to work. Will the voter, though dissatisfied, be willing to take this chance in so critical a time? Many of us would like to see a poll of the kind of man the voters prefer for President, irrespective of names. For example, would the voters prefer 8 successful, experienced businessman, & good lawyer versed in governmental ,and international affairs, or would they choose a man conceded of sterling char- acter, but devoid of these attainments? ‘What does the public really want—a man of proved administrative ability or just anothér politician? If such a poll were to be made, it would go .a long way toward helping the delegates to act intelligently and for the best inter- ests of the Grand Old Party, when they assemble in Philadelphia next month. May 5. AMERICAN PATRIOT. Suggests Bible Standard For New National Policies. To the Editor of The Star: Although not a candidate for public office, I venture to answer the ques- tions asked by the President in his address of May 3 to Democratic women, i. e, how a candidate would change the laws and what laws he would repeal. I answer as a Christian, i. e, an in- heritor of the Holy Law delivered through Moses, and as a citizen of the State, of New York and therefore of the Republic of the United States of America. I would “return unto the Lord and unto the ways of His commandments.” Specifically: First, I would stop lying and stealing. For example, the United States of America will not pay to the bearer on demand ten dollars, as prom- ised in large print on the face of notes of the United States. A dollar is gold, 15 5-21 grains, as fixed by the President’s own proclamation of January 31, 1934. The introducer of the act of Congress pursuant to which thit proclamation was issued, recommended the act be- cause it might steal (“transfer,” he said) value to the amount of almost 200 bil- lions from the owners of the bank de- posits, bonds and fixed investments. Return to Washington's policy that honesty is the best policy. . Answers ! To Questions By Frederic J. Haskin. A recder can get the answer to any Question of fact by writing The Eve- ning Star Information Bureau, Fred- eriec J. Haskin, director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the weight of ohe inch of rain?—H. B. L. A. One inch of rainfall represents about 113 tons of water per acre. 'Q. How much did the Maginot Line - cost?—H. B. H." A. The Maginot Line extending along the Pranco-German frontier was built - at & cost of $150,000,000. Q. Please give the height and weight of Jumbo, the telephant—F. J. B. A. The famous elephant was 11 feet 8 inches tall and weighed 6 tons. Q. How did the Preakness race that - is run in Baltimore every year get its ° name?—C. 8. B. A. The first horse to win this race, in .~ 1873, was named Preakness, and the horse got its name from a little town in New Jersey. — Q. What caused the accident in whicn Frank Hawkes, the aviator, was killed? —G. 8. B. A. He died on August 23, 1938, when ’hls small commercial biplane struck a high-tension wire and crashed while he was taking off from a polo field near East Aurora, N. Y. Q. How many brain cells are used in thinking?—R. D. A. The number of brain cells which function in an act of mental effort weigh hardly more than one-fourth of an ounce—proportionately 1/100 part of 1 per cent of the average human body weight. Q. Please give the number of fish in the Marineland Studios at 8t. Augustine and the method by which the tanks are supplied with water—G. L. C. A. There are several hundred varieties of fish in the oceanarium and the total number approximates 50,000. Two giant tanks are used. One is a rec- tangular tank 100 feet long and 18 feet deep, and the other, a circular tank 75 feet in diameter and 15 feet deep. The sea water is pumped from the ocean at the rate of 5,000,000 gallons per day. The floor of the mammoth tank is cov- ered with sand and sea shells. A seven- ton coral reef gives protection to the smaller specimens of sea animals. In this oceanarium the species are not seg- regated, but are placed together as in the open sea. Q. Who was the cowboy evangelist? —~H. 8. A. The Rev. Paul Rader (1879-1938), & native of Denver, was known in his youth as the cowboy evangelist. His earliest sermons were preached in Pitts- burgh. After a pastorship in Boston he went to Chicago, where he became pastor of the Dwight L. Moody Memorial Church (1914-21) and founded the Chi- cago Gospel Tabernacle. He was a ploneer in radio broadcasting of religious services. Q Was Gen. Winfleld Scott married? -V. 8. A. Gen. Winfield Scott married Maria Mayo, daughter of John Mayo, Esq, of Richmond, Va., in March, 1817, Q. Who lnvenufle camera that takes pictures under water?—R. J. A. Capt. John D. Craig is the inventor i of ihe deep-sea camera. Q. What size shirt does President Roosevelt wear?—J. M. D. A. The President wears a size 16% shirt. Q. Please describe how Nancy Hart, the pioneer Southern heroine, outwitted the Tories—C. T. A. During an ‘enforced absence of her husband a band of six Toriés descended on her home and demanded food. Jok- ing and bantering with her guests, Nancy Hart prepared a meal. The Torles stacked their guns to eat. As they sat down, Nancy seized her rifle and, point- ing it at the men exclaimed: “I'll blow the head off the first man that rises or tries to eat.” To one of her sons she added: “You run out and tell your father that I've got six d——n Tories an’ he'd better come and git 'em.” The Whigs responded to the summbns and the band was taken in charge. Q. How much did the State Capitol Building at Austin cost?—C. L. A. The Texas State Capitol was com- pleted at a cost of 3,000,000 acres of land, which the State exchanged for its con- struction by authority of the State con- stitution of 1876. An additional 50,000 acres was sold to defray the cost of sur- veying and locating. It is estimated that this land is now worth approximately Q. Who are the officers of the Poetry Society of America?—W. G. M. * A. They are as follows: A. M. Sullivan, ' president; "Elias Lieberman, Alfred Kreymborg and Gordon Lawrence, vice presidents; Miles M. Dawson, treasurer, and Harold Vinal, secretary. When Apple Blossoms Bloom A chubby little girl with straight brown' hair In two tight braids, and Monlu’ hagzel 5 : eyes; The blue checked apron small girls used, | to wear; A happy, heedless child, who would’ surmise She sat, & falry princess in her tower, When the old apple tree burst into y; flower? : Or, had you seen her prone upon the grass, Her eyelids closed, her dimpled hands’ "tight pressed, | While apple bjossom petals drifted past,: A soft smile on her lips, would you have guessed You saw the lily-maid of Astolat As she moved toward the towers of Camelot? mwmm‘ :hfl'mfllfl‘ Were spent 4 . Azlthoolm and home, engaged in work - mfl.mmmam A spirit of enchantment to each day. The orchard vanished T e