Evening Star Newspaper, October 6, 1937, Page 11

Chicago Talk of Roosevelt Is Praised Is Called Most Useful on World Affairs Since Wilson. BY DAVID LAWRENCE. RANKLIN ROOSEVELT made at Chicago the speech which the whole world has been waiting for several months to hear from the lips of a President of the United Btates. The moral forces of all mankind have lacked in the crisis o” war and revolution a spokesman who could ex- press in explicit g and \moqm\nmlfis terms the philos- g ophy of peace- loving peoples. Mr. Roosevelt's speech is a mi terpiece of state ment, forceful 3 without eithers bombast or threat. : It is penetrating: and incisive be- " cause it is an ac- curate indictment. : Not since the President’s speech at Buenos Aires, defending the principles of democracy and international good will, which this correspondent termed the best he had ever delivered, has there been an ad- dress of such great international sig- nificance. ‘There will be people who will be ap- prehensive les the speech might have to be backed up by physical force some day to make good its declarations, but there are also people who have felt for years that the moral forces of the world in the cause of peace have never been mobilized effectively and that some day such a mobilization by a spokesman who was fearless would awaken the conscience of all civilized nations. Japan has done a barbaric thing. Mr. Roosevelt has not used such exact words, but he has conveyed the same thought. Italy and Germany have despoiled Spain and violated the ter- ritorial integrity of that country. Mr. Roosevelt didn't mention Germany or Ttaly, but his speech plainly condemned them just the same, Much Pondering Evident, ‘There is evidence from a reading of the speech that Mr. Roosevelt pon- dered a long time before he decided to do it. He had, no doubt, been urged to speak the mind of the American people on the horrors of the Far East- ern raids on innocent people. In this gpace a month ago reference Wwas made in a critical vein to the fact that the United States Government had talked a lot about withdrawing her nationals from war ereas and staying in China at their own risk, but had not expressed in forceful tones a real protest against the barbarism of the &ir raids. But the Presfient's speech is even more than the believers in the world protest idea dared to hope. It was thought Mr. Roosevelt would hesitate to speak boldly and that he would deal with the subject in rather abstract fashion. He has come out piainly and bluntly. The words of Mr. Roosevelt, how- ever, come with refreshing vigor to & world vhich had begun to despair of any leadership. Britain and France should be invigorated by the Chicago address. The League of Nations Assembly meeting in Geneva should be encouraged by it, too. It is by| far the most useful and constructive | utterance on international affairs since the late President Wilson's | speeches to the allied powers during the European war, Here are two paragraphs from Mr. Roosevelt's speech which will echo around the world: | “Without a declaration of war, and without warning or justification of any kind, civilians, including women and children, are being ruthlessly murdere. with bombs from the air. In times of so-called peace, ships are being attacked and sunk by sub- marines without cause or notice, Na- tions are fomenting and taking sides in civil warfare in nations that have never done them any harm. Nations claiming freedom for themselves deny 1t to others. “Innocent peoples and nations are being cruelly sacrificed to a greed for power and supremacy which is devoid of all sense of justice and humane | consideration.” What can be done about it? This | is a practical question which will be asked by millions of persons in Amer- fca who have read the Roosevelt address. The key is to be found in | the speech - “The peace-loving nations must make a concerted effort in opposition to these violations of treaties and these ignorings of humane instincts which | today are creating a state of inter- national anarchy and instability from | David Lawrence. which there is no escape through mere | ¥ {solation or neutralit: Not Physical Force. 1 Does this mean war and physical force to back up threats of “concerted effort”? Not a bit of it. There are influences on some occasions more powerful than cannon, more devastat- faking, because of the dramatic poses in which he portrayed birds, John James Audubon early American nat- uralist, has been vindicated by the studies of more recent scientists. THE EVE What’s Back of It All ¢ Hints of Special Session and Doom of Neutrality Law Linked in War Threats. BY H. R. BAUKHAGE. THE President’s epoch-making speech on the international situation foreshadows the doom of the present rigid neutrality law and explains the hints of a special session of Congress, which was generally felt to be politically inopportune. With the administra« tion looking toward a world “quarantine” of warring nations, mentioned by the Fresident, new legisiation might be necessary. While no one can yet tell the whole story behind Mr. Roosevelt's important pronouncement, this column has frequently recorded steps in the undercover campaign of State Department officials in Europe this Summer preparing for international co-operation. 1 To these can now be added another unwritten story. One thread leads from the stagnant ports of China, one from the American stock market. Like others, these threads of interest have lain, as far as the public was concerned, in their separate news columns. But some Amer- ican officials knew that they were being deftly woven into the pattern of our foreign policy, whether we willed it or not. To those who attended the last meeting of the President’s cabinet, this is no secret. At least the subject was discussed, according to those who can read the unwritten minutes of these confidential meetings. Later it must have been the chief topic of conversation between Secretary Morgenthau and the efficient Sir Frederick Phillips, fiscal Ambassador from Great Britain, who spent a week in Washington recently. Secretary Morgeinthau was tight-lipped about those conversations and let the red herrings of tri-partite agreements, hot money, the stability of the franc and similar fish and fowl of rumor scurry across the path undefied. But this is the historic sequence of the developments as watched by certain silent observers: As August waned, the Japanese shells and air bombs had blocked British trade in Shanghai and cut off millions of revenue. The water way to Hong Kong was already menaced. By the end of the month, the New York Stock Market was shaky. By the time the cabinet met on September 15, when the situation was discussed, the President, in all prob= ability, had been informed that the British, faced with their heavy losses in the Far East, were forced to sell American-held securities on the stock exchange, That week end Sir Frederick arrived and doubtless confirmed and developed the report and its significance, perhaps made predictions. If so, they weren't long in being realized, for, the day before he left, Wall Street witnessed its black Friday of 1937, Now, as mere economists scratch their heads over the market crash and try to discover a method of preventing future panics, those who assert that British diplomats have the answer step up with this advice to America: Stop the Japanese and end the conflict in China so that world trade will flow again. If you don't, you'll imperil your own recovery.” The first step, they say, is not boycotts of Japanese nicknacks, but an official restriction of silk imports from Japan and a real embargo on exports of scrap and other war necessities, * K ok % This isn't a scare story. It doesn’t purport to reveal a great interna- tional spy plot. But it is a fact that at least one serious case of sabotage has taken place recently ?n board an American warship. > Considerable damage' was done, though how much hasn't leaked out yet. Enough, nowever, to mean an official investigation, the results of which probably eventually will be made public. While it isn't possible to reveal the identity of the ship or its class, it can be stated that it is one of the more important units of the naval force. So far, the story has been carefully guarded and it is not even common knowledge in the Navy. Inquiry at the Navy Department established this fact. No official comment could be obtained. It can be definiiely predicted, however, that evidence will be introduced in the investigation tending to prove that the damage was done by persons outside of the Navy. Rumors that there are two other suspected cases of less successful sabotage cannot be substantiated at this writing. * Ok % % The coming visit of the Duke of Windsor is looked upon with mixed emotions in Washington. The State Department is not overfond, though it couldn’t breathe it, of kings and princes when they turn up incognito or otherwise. There is so little precedent for dealing with them. And when it comes to an abdi- cated king and a native-born duch- ess, the protocol is completely I scrambled. Some say that there is more than meets the eye in this casual call of the Windsors. The duke is supposed to be interested in housirg. In that case, Secretary of Labor Perkins will do the chief honors. But there is also just a hint that the State Department’s repre- sentatives might be interested in more than how the guests are to be seated. When the duke was a prince he was known as the empire’s No. 1 good-will salesman. He may have something in his old line to see this time that officials would be glad to look over. It is noted that it was the British war minister who negotiated the arrangemenis for the duke's visit. (Copyright, 1937, by the North American Newspaper Alliance. Inc.) Time Clears Audubon. Accused in his own time of nature Traveling Turtle. NEBRASKA CITY, Nebr. (#)—Joe McGinnis, Nebraska City boy, picked up & baby turtle in a creek near here. There are lots of turtles in the creek, but this one had “Colorado Springs, Colo.,” carved upon its back. SHAR ing than mobilization of armies and navies, influences which imprint on the dictatorships and autocratic gov- ernments of mankind the label of bar- barism. In the intercourse of nations, the stigma of barbarism hurts. When peace-loving peoples come to ostracize from their midst the governments which do violence to all humane principles, there is put into motion the forces that ultimstely shame nations into a change of policy. If the democracies of the world stick togéther and put & “moral quarantine” on the leper governments of the world, there will be a sudden realization on the part of the peoples living under those governments that world trade, world intercourse and world ‘opinion shuns them as the enemies of man- kind. There are remedies. They come out of the spontaneous action of peoples in democratic governments who wish to make their protests effective. A great start has been made. The Presi- dent of the United States has made vocal the feelings of an outraged humanity. No government can live long in the modern world with the United States, Great Britain and France when working closely together and using not physical force or threats of force but quiet and far-reaching moral forces which have again and again in world history brought civili- zation to its senses through concerted expression, concerted voice and con- certed pressure for the sanctity of treaties and for peace. (Copyright, 1837.) /r/ i 'HE opinions of the writers on this page are their own, not necessarily The'Star’s. Such opinions are presented in The Star’s effort to give all sides of questions of interest to its readers, themsel although such opinions ma: ves and directly opposed to T%a Star’s. be contradictory among Remove Black One Senator Sees Way for That Body to Withdraw ; Its Consent to Naming Justice. is being used free-handedly in our Republic. That is to sub- ject the people constantly to shock surprises, to follow one measure 50 rapidly with another that attention is diverted, and, if caught in a mistake, to brazen it out, - and trust to the * swiftly moving kaleidoscope of staged events to cover everything. Certainly there is a very large body of opinion in this country which was totally unsatisfied with the explanation which Mr. Black gave the other night on the radio —a speech which mixed an admis- sion of guilt with sanctimony and further suppression of material facts— and which is totally unsatisfied with the present status of the whole affair. But there is a feeling that nothing can be done about it. It is not well for democracies to get such a feeling of defeatism. And in this case there is good reason to believe that something can be done, and should be done. So far, the-onus has all been put upon Mr. Black. But that is not where all the onus belongs. The onus is also on the President, who made the ap- pointment, and on the Senate, who ratified it. Both are accused by a large branch of public opinion of having been delinquent in the exercise of their constitutional obligations. It is im- possible to believe that the President would have appointed to the Supreme Court, in a liberal administration, and in response to a popular demand that the court be liberalized, any man who had ever been a member of the Ku Klux Klan, which is the very symbol of anti-liberalism. It is impossible to believe that the Senate would have ratified the appointment if the facts now known had been known at the time—if the revelations recently made had come out six months ago. One can put it on & cynical basis, and say that the President would not have ap- pointed Mr. Black nor any member of the Senate voted for ratification if it had been suspected that the facts— which some of the members undoubt- edly knew—would ever be sensationally disclosed. For even Justice Black him- self agrees that the disclosure of the facts is not good for the public wel- fare. The facts and their disclosure are humiliating to Mr. Black, humili- ating to the Supreme Court, humili- ating to the Senate and humiliating to the President. * ok ok X I understand that a scholarly lib- eral lawyer and a liberal Senator agree that there is a way in which the Senate may clear itself. The proposal is that the Senate shall reopen the gase, not for the purpose of reconsideration but for rescinding its original approval, because its “ad- vice and consent” were secured under misrepresentation. Under the common law and the practice of our whole legal order judgments obtained urder misrepresentation can be voided. The very words “advice and consent” have been defined in the seventy-sixth and seventy-seventh papers of the Fed- eralist, and the Supreme Court has often made reference to this docu- ment as a source in dealing with the constitutional powers of the various branches of the Government. * ok ko ‘The passages concerned—and com- mon sense as Well—make it clear that advice and consent are not being exercised when facts are suppressed. The purpose of securing the ratifica- tion of the Senate is to have a body HERE is a technique of the au- | thoritarian governments which Miss Thompson. hTIC - L4 Again we say it—but this time we stress the fact that they have “ar- rived.” seasons that they We told you for several would soon be in general demand and we were right. Of course, we bought our new fabrics with the test experience of three seasons behind our selection. We know that these SHARKTICK pat- terns are “right” style. In the New Chesty With Peak Lapels 35.00 GROSINER of 1325 F Street different from and independent of the Executive pass deliberate judg- ment on the merit of the candidate, for which judgment essential facts are necessary. And an essential fact is a fact which, if disclosed at the time of consideration, would have made the appointment impossible. Does any one doubt that this afflia- tion with the Kjan is such an es- sential fact? ‘The advantage of reopening the czse for rescinding rather than reconsid- eration is simply that the latter would certainly pave the way for abuses. Rescinding could only be proposed ‘on the basis of indisputable evidence to prove that material facts had been withheld. And it is an un- questioned fact that when Mr. Black's appointment was being discussed statements were made and published denying any affiliation between him and the Ku Klux Klan. In fact, these denials were so emphatic that the Senate decided not to hold sub- committee hearings on this issue, as had been proposed. ‘The papers of the Federalist to which I have referred justify the necessity of the Senate's approval, as a check to prevent the Executive from bringing forward any candidate whose “only merit was . . . of being in some way personally allied to him, or of possessing the necessary insignificance and pliapicy to render him . 4. the instrument of his (the Executive's) pleasure.” The passage makes clear that the whole purpose of senatorial ratification is to pro- vide a body for carefully investigat- ing the appointees of the President to the Supreme Court. It is clear that in this case the investigation was not thorough, because the Sen- ate was falsely informed. There is, | therefore, here, a case of moral fraud, on which the Senate can declare a misconsent. * ok % % It is the belief of this column that the Senate should so declare, and thereby greatly enhance its own moral prestige, remove an onus from the President, and show “a decent re- spect for the opinion of mankind,” which Jefferson, at least, felt was due, even in the midst of revolution. In view of all the facts there is not a wing of public opinion in this country that feels satisfied with this appointment, except the extreme and conscienceless reactionaries, who hope to make capital out of it. Nobody expected, and nobody expects, Presi- dent Roosevelt to appoint constitu- tional conservatives to the court They have expected, and they still expect, that under this administra- tion vacancies will be filled by men who share Justice Stone's the Constitution, which is to give all legislation passed by Congress the benefit of every possible doubt. But they also expect to see men appointed whose record is clean of any suspicion of fraud and of any alliance, at any time, with organized activities in basic conflict with the bill of rights. What President Swapped « Newspaper Interview For His Clothes? view of | | the Senate of having acted with lax- NG _STAR, WASHINGTON, D. U, WEDNESDAY; OCTOBER 6 1937, This Changing World Britain May Recognize Franco to Save Stockholders 5 in Copper Production. BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. HILE Mussolini is studying the Franco-British note asking for a conference for the withdrawal of Italian volunteers from Spain, the Rome unofficial spokesmen sey: “They might just as well ack us to give them the moon.” And to show that this is what Mussalini actually has in mind, the Propaganda Bureau has made it known that young Bruno Mussolini, I1 Duce’s favorite son, is leading a squadron of 23 planes and is ready to bomb Seville and Madrid. Some diplomats believe, however, that there is something more in the present British-Italian conver- sations than the mere demand to call back the black shirts from Bpain. London, it is said, is fully aware that Mussolini would ot yleld unless he was given some- thing in exchange. And that some- thing must be the recognition of Franco by the other powers. In other words, Mussolini wants the French and the British to capitulate once more before brutal force. ¥ ‘There are negotiations at present between Rome and London regarde ing the control of the important copper and ore mines in Spain. The British, who are greatly interested in them, fear that in the event Franco becomes the actual ruler he will repay the German and Italian for support by large concessions given at the expense of the British stockholders. And before considering the recognition of Franco the British government wants definite assurances from Il Duce that he will not fleece the British investors, « * K K % Foreign chancellories still are trying to find out what actually hap- pened between Mussolini and Hitler during the last Berlin meeting. While they are still in the dark regarding the tangible decisions the two dictators may have taken, one thing appears certain. Both men agreed that the western democracies are decadent and incapable of a real “manly” effort. Consequently they have taken upon themselves the task of helping the people of those democracies to “find” themselves. They think the Prench and the British people, seeing the straight course the dictators have adopted and have been following un- flinchingly for the last four years, will adopt the totalitarian form of gov- ernment. In order to achieve this aim, it will be necessary that Germany and Italy shall show themselves more adamant than ever. * x * ok Despite the brilliant resistance of Chiang Kai-shek’s troops at Shanghai military experts are worried lest his power of resistance declines. The Chinese armies have suffered enormous losses not only in men— who are replaceable—but in war material, which is difficult to replace. While the Japanese claims that they have destroyed the whole Chinese air force may be exaggerated, there is no doubt that it has suffered severely during these weeks of fighting. The same thing can be said about the guns and the machine guns. The latter can be manufactured in the Chinese arsenals, but, the replace- ment work cannot keep pace with the losses. On the other hand, the atten- tion of the world is focused on Shanghal. There the Japanese are fighting for their honor. The military problem of the Japanese general staff is the con- quest of the five provinces. And in this they are successful The Chinese armies which are opposed to them in Shantung, Shansi and other places are of an inferior quality. They are ill equipped and lack leadership and cohesion. The resistance they are offering is extremely weak. A few hours of battle and these Chinese militiamen, armed frequently with bread- swords and old-fashioned rifies, flee before the tanks and the airplanes of the Japanese, Few of Chiang's regulars cap rush Chinese generalissimo needs svery = from breaking the Nankinz-Shangha Reports from the Chinese natvmalut capital indicate that unless some other power takes g hond nt conflict the resistance of Chiang Kai-shek might be ’ Of course, the Japanese sre not have sent no less than 600,000 to the ma: 130.000 men left in reserve in the Japanese to their assistance because the ble man to keep the Japanc:e . They nd and there are only about clear the President nor does it clear 'the cause cf liberalism nor the pres- tige of democratic government. ity. On the contrary, it involves them | iz in the tacit acceptance of fraudu- O 7 lence if they suffer the matter to Before approximately 456 A.D. Japa- drop. If they try to cover it over, | nese history is ponly legend or pure Mr. Black's statement does not | to let it drop, they will neither help | myth. While John Quincy Adams shivered in the Potomac, Anne Royall sat on his clothes and got her paper’s story before the embarrassed Chief Executive was left to dress in privacy. WHAT KEEPS THE FLAVOR BUBBLE-LOCKED | | was a pitiful showing . Headline Folk and What They Do Bevin, British Labor Leader, Finally Loses Fight to *“Pinks.” BY LEMUEL F. PARTON. EW YORK, October 6—Big, square-headed, ham-fisted Er- nest Bevin, czar of Right Wing British labor, lost his first big fight at the Bournemouth conference as the Labor party voted greater rep- resentation for its Left Wing political elements. Mr. Bevin is the Sam Gom- pers of British labor, opposing political activity, labor theorists, philosophers, Communists and intelligentsia and re- lying solely on the economic squeeze for tying knots in the Lion's tail—and on occasion he has made the Lion yelp resoundingly. ‘The Bournemouth showdown, lightly touched in American news dispatches, is a victory for the “united front,” for such Left Wing ascendancy as that of Maj. Clement R. Attlee and Sir Staf- ford Scripps. It marks a potential schism in British labor and it reveals distinct similarity to nascent political and “ideological” trends in American labor. It is the first time that the old rock-and-sock battler, Ernest Bevin, has been downed for a loss by the “pinks,” whom he has booted zest- fully on the slightest provocation. He is head of the powerful Transport Workers' Union, a large element of which is now clamoring for a boycott against Japanese goods and threaten- ing to refuse to handle them. Eng- land notes all this with acute memori of 1926 when Mr. Bevin and his dock workers gave Britain a severe case of jitters with their paralyzing strike. He was similarly obdurate when he pulled the big London bus strike at the time of the coronation. Innocent bystanders cheer his round- house swings at the reds, the cat pow d Mr. Be n vated case of the power i present issue—rougk comparable the disagreement bhetween John Lewis and William Green—conserva- tive opinior \behind Mr. Be He is from the Limehouse district, an | expounder of trad: doctrine such as | based chiefly on * as in 1924, battling ipowners for a shilling a day rise dock wages. Professors at a con- i‘ ference showed charts proving a worker | could get £ m the current wage. He stepped and translated a daj wage into bread and margerine. They won the: increase. Just now he hope of the conservati the boycott on Japanese goods. They hope he can prevent Prisoners Must Pay. German Fascist concentra: camps are finarced partly by gov ment, but as far as pos by prisoners themselves, whe have %o px for their meager food aad the salar, of their guards by various forms of forced labor. A second step in aging, making the taste’ perfecting precess more costly, is added te give the tiny bubble hedy te Semate. These tiny bubbles are lenger releasing their bouquet t the large emes in bheer. n So Senate holds its flaver bubble-lecked—it's beer at its bes