Evening Star Newspaper, July 27, 1937, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. __ July 27, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th St and Pennsyivania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Onicago Office: 435 North Michigan Ave, Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Editlon. The Evening and Sunday amlrh 150 per Week c per month or ‘The Evening S‘B;5 th S 05Ther whek 5c per month or 10c The Sunday Star ___ -5¢ per copy Night Final Edition. per month Final Star. Collection made at the en ach each week. Orders may be sent by mail or tele- phone Natlonal 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance, Maryland and Virginia, $10.00; 1 $A.005 3400 mo., 85¢ 1 mo. 0c 1 mo., 40c All Other States and Canada, {ly and Sunday. 4 yr., $12.00: ily “on) 1 vro TSR 00 =1 tated Press is exclusively entitled to publication of all news dispatches or not otherwise credited in this 1 shed heremn. 1al dispatches Considered Legislation. On the administration's “agenda” for the remainder of the present session of Congress are bills of vast importance. They include the wages and hours bill, the “ever normal granary” bill, the Presi- dent’s reorganization bill, the bill to stop evasions and avoidance of income tax payments and the housing bill. They are not the kind of bills which can be rushed through, or should be rushed through, at the fag end of a long, hot ses- sion. No measure which touches the whole life of America more intimately than does the wages and hours bill has yet been offered. Granting that the purpose is good, it is still something to consider before power is invested in a | Federal board of five members to break entirely an industry in this country, or in any one section of it. The farmers of the country have been getting along well with the existing statutes, some of which are temporary. Congress has extended for another two years the benefits granted under the soil erosion act, which it put through as a gubstitute for the old A. A. A. No new system now enacted i aw could have application to the crops of this year. It is too late in the season. For these reasons members of the Senate Commit- tee on Agriculture insist that there should be no hasty action ab this time on the “ever normal granary” bill. Chair- man Smith of the committee has made it very clear that he wishes to enact permanent legislation which will give the farmers an even chance with the Industrialists. But he does not believe that Congress should hurry into such legislation. He prefers to have his com- mittee make a more thorough inquiry before acting, and the committee takes the same attitude. Congress assembled the first week in January. It has been in session more than six month: If it has not passed laws dealing h labor and with the farmers in all that time, it has not been the It of the rank and file of the House and Sehate. It has been because the administration leaders were not will- inz to proceed, because President Roose- velt demanded first the passage of the bill to enlarge the membership of the Supreme Court, Months have been lost. The blame for failure of legislation in all that time rests not with Congress, however, but with the President, The administration may continue to insist that Congress shall pass these | measures of great importance in Mid- summer. It may even win and obtain & mass of undigested legislation, hurried through under whip and spur. There is a growing spirit of greater independence on Capitol Hill, however, a growing de- termiination to examine more closely legislation proposed by the President. If the President believes that it is unwise to put off legislation until next Fall, an arrangement can be made for & recess of Congress until October or November. Or an adjournment may be taken and the President call Congress into special session at some date in the Fall. Whatever may be done, however, svhether there be a recess or Congress sticks to the job this Summer, let there be an end to ll-considered and hurried legislation. ——————. 8o many incidental considerations have had to be taken up that solicitous friends Bave almost forgotten to inquire how Mr. Rex Tugwell is getting on in the molasses business. Cuba’s Three-Year Plan. Col. Fulgencio Batista, the power be- hind the throne in Cuba, announces & thres-year plan by which he expects to accomplish the economic and social reconstruction of the Caribbean repub- lie. Following the political upset, which ebruptly terminated the rule of Presi- dent Gomez, military influénce remained pronounced, even though Col. Batista, who has dominated the situation since Machado's overthrow in 1933, professed & policy of non-interference in civil af- fairs. The island’s “strong man” has now promulgated a legislative program destined to effect regimentation of nearly every phase of national life. Under forms of *“co-ordination,” #macking somewhat of Italian and Ger- man inspiration, the country’s basic in- dustries, sugar and tobacco, are to be subjected to strict regulation, affecting eapital, labor and distribution of profits, and with a special eye to the interests of workers and small planters. There is to’ be sweeping reorganization of the currency and tax systems. Labor laws, which already bar foreigners from em- ployment, will be tightened. A social security structure provides for unem- ployment insurance, old-age npensions, hospitalization, paid holidays for work- ers and housing. The program compre- hends marketing and consumers’ co- operatives, sgricultural adjustment, pub- Hc health and educational reform, re- visimoithojud!cu? creation of & merchant marine, reforestation and in- tensified control of natural resources. While Cuba’s new deal envisions a millennial future, those who must pay the freight—primarily the business world —are filled with anxiety concerning the wherewithal for Batista's grandiose scheme. Announcement that it will be rushed through Congress, which cus- tomarily does his bidding, does not allay unrest. Capital has been in flight, doubt- less in anticipation of coming economic revolution' Heavy new taxation is in sight to meet a mounting deficit. Float- ing indebtedness and public works obli- gations have reached record figures. Abrogation’ of the Platt amendment obliterated the United States’ political influence in Cuba, but American capital still predominates in the field of foreign investments. The Hull reciprocity treaty produced a favorable trade balance of some $60,000,000 for the island last year. American business men hope that the advantages the Cuban people derive from the pact may influence the Havana authorities to modify the laws which operate oppressively against employment of Americans in Cuban industry. Be- cause of our economic stake and our abiding desire for the nation's welfare, American concern in the Batista three- year plan is deep. If it involves no unfair discrimination against this coun- try, our interest will also be sympathetic. R Tammany. With the sudden death of James J. Dooling, its leader, the Tammany So- ciety, formally entitled the Columbian Order, comes anew to a crisis in its long career as the chief poiitical organiza- tion of New York City. This society, founded in 1789, as “a fraternity of patriots solemnly consecrated to the in- dependence, the popular liberty and the federal union of the country,” has dur- ing its 148 years of existence been the major factor in the public affairs of the largest city of the New World. Taking title and form from the aboriginal in- habitants, it developed, with its thirteen “tribes” which were the constituent frac- tions of its body, into a dominant power in the control of metropolitan political business. It has had some very able leaders, and some who were capable of enlisting the services of others whose shrewdness and acumen contributed to their success and the prestige and power of the organization. In recent years, with the growth of the metropolis into a wider area than that of the original city, which was confined to Manhattan Island, Tammany's power has waned and has been applied effec- tively only through coalitions. The lead- ership of Tammany has not of late been the all-potent force it once was. Com- promises and combinations have been necessary and those who wielded the gavel over the central organization have been forced to the adopton of expedients altogether different from the methods of the earlier bosses. From Croker and Murphy to Dooling was a long lapse in ability of control. Both of these men exercised a potent influence in not only municipal affairs, but in national politics. The consolida- tion of the boroughs into the Greater City brought into the municipal field rival factors and while Tammany con- tinued to wield a large degree of power in metropolitan matters it could not always dominate. The successful deflance of Tammany by La Guardia, gaining the mayoralty through a combination of borough support and Republican strength, reduced the resources of the “Hall” by the dispersion of patronage and favors which were its substantial sources of strength. Latterly the bene- factions of the Federal Government through work-relief jobs and other forms of public charity lessened its political resources. The organized criminal rackets, which once upon a time might have rendered tribute, have also drained the streams of supply. Leader Dooling was a far different type from that established in the old days of the “big bosses.” He had a genuine ability. He was gifted with a larger degree of intellectual acumen than the average Tammainy chieftain. He was indeed out of key with the rank and file of the “Hall.” Troubled by the dimin- ishing of patronage and perquisite through the control of the municipality by a fusion administration, chiefly the product of the non-Tammany boroughs, he became the spearhead of a weakened army, and his lack of success bred dis- content within his own organization. Now, within a few hours of his death, Tammany is seeking a new chief sachem. No commanding personality is in sight. Conditions during the past decade or so have not made for the development of such a figure. But it may be taken as assured that Tammany will continue, perhaps that such a man as those who have ruled the society with striking suc- cess in the past will be found. Yet the thought persists that there will be no repetition of the halcyon days of con- quering, dominating Tammany, because conditions, municipal and national, have changed completely. It may be necessary for Senator Cope- land to step carefully to avoid treading on the toes of New York promoters of a great fair, or for New York to see that 50 great an enterprise is not embarrassed by political conditions. A Double Loss. ‘Washington lost two of its most highly esteemed citizens yesterday in the death, within a few hours, of Murray A. Cobb and Randall H, Hagner, the former in Philadelphia and the latter in New York. They were both merabers of this city’s oldest and most distinguished families. They were close contemporaries and were intimate friends throughout their lives. They grew up together and were edu- cated in the public schools of the Dis- trict. Both had myriads of friends. They were members of the same clubs, They were of the same age and by a strange fatality they passed upon the same day, and in other cities than their birthplace. They were in the same line of business activity, having been in one sense life long eomp-uw’ :nd yet life long friends. THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JULY 27, 19 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Each married a Washingtonian. Mr, Cobb had been a sufferer for many years, invalided in France while he was serv- Ing his country in war. His struggles against his disabilities proved his gallant spirit, which never faltered. Mr. Hagner's illness was not protracted, indeed his death came as a shock to his multitude of friends. Of these two men, sons of Washington, contributors to its welfare and its ma- terial advancement, it may be said that they were rich in their friendships and that to them the Capital City owes a debt of gratitude for their rare qualities and their high character as citizens. The coincidence of their passing upon the same day constitutes a doubly heavy loss. ———— The story becomes current that the late Luke Wilson, himself a cancer suf- ferer, gave his country estate for the purpose of promoting a system of in- vestigation of this mysterious malady, Much money and service has been do- nated to this especial cause. The futile researches with liquid air are recalled and the lady with mice supposed to show the progress of strange ailments will not soon be forgotten. Whether the experi=- ments can be conducted without danger or offense to the adjacent community is a question to be considered in con- nection with the plans that have been definitely made with the avowed object of human benefit. e — It is demonstrated that the Navy can utilize radio. The extent to which it can monopolize facilities in any locality is still a question of some importance. Ra- dio is a new proposition. Al Smith, once a candidate for the presidency, still slips over occasionally into the practice of pronouncing the word as if it were spelled with two d's. ——r e It appears that Vice President Garner has ideas to present on Supreme Court personnel even if he did not arrive to participate in the festivities at Jefferson Island, the name of which will give it an independent claim to regard among students of American history. —r Japanese warriors did not mean to become involved in evidences of dis- courtesy toward American girls, They should make a study of the proceedings in this country in which women directly and influentially participate. 50 R Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Home, Sweet Home. Music's music as it is, Anybody's taste is his; Nothing argument can change, Even when a little strange, When you're fecling in your heart Congressmen are due to start To the home towns once again, Seek no sentimental strain. Home, Sweet Home, will not, they say, Send them waltzing on their way. Let a Sousa march be heard, Firmly let their steps be stirred; Soon to answer they must try Questions like “and how?” “and why?" Home, Sweet Home, with grace sublime, Can't be set to marching time, And when questioning friends they meet Home may not seem near so sweet, Melodious Filibuster. “Are you an admirer of music?” “It }]as its place,” answered Senator Sorghum. “When time is required in order to line up the opinions of a crowd, nothing is more likely to succeed in preventing hasty action than music. I have sometimes thought of getting a brass band to come up to the Capitol and take the place of an ordinary fili- buster.” Jud Tunkins says every boy would be keen for the classics if Hector and Achilles had put on the gloves and had the kind of & mix-up that could be de- scribed on the sport page. Selective Employment. Make hay while the sun shines, Is proper advice. But I'd very much rather Be cutting some ice. Valuable Experience. “Has woman's participation in politics benefited the home?"” “It has,” replied Mr. Meekton. “Her arguments at some of the meetings have convinced Henrietta that there are peo- ple in the world just as hard to get along with as I am.” “You will find,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “that however you sepa- rate quicksilver, it runs together again at the first opportunity. The same thing is more significantly true of gold.” A Blissful Moment. there where stars are sparkling bright snow flakes, light. The branches, where the north wind v grieves, Wear icicles instead of leaves. The children gather ’round with glee And help to trim the Christmas tree, While Johnny very gravely states That he expects a pair of skates. The sleighbells sound in soft refrain; The frost is on the window pane— Out Are eddying swift and How fragile are the joys we find! How transient is each state of mind! The old alarm clock’s jangling ‘crash Has sent another dream to smash, “Good talkers,” said Uncle Eben, “sometimes prides deirselves too much on bein’ able to maké de time pass un- pleasantly.” “Getting Along” in Asia. From the Indianspolis News. The Japanese might bear in mind that though it s hard for them to get along with the Chinese, the Russiang may find it easier. A Real Necessity. From she Forida Times-Union. The crying need of the world is a type- writer that will print the right letter 'hnh?’ou hit the right key or not. . THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. President Roosevelt, apparently, is in- tent upon binding up the party wounds which grew out of the terrific battle over his Supreme Court program. He has called in to see him in recent days some of the leaders who so strongly opposed his court bill, as, for example, Senator Burke of Nebraska. Undoubtedly the President will be met half way or even more than half way. It has not been the desire of these Democrats to tear down either the President or the Democratic party. * ok x k Reprisals by the administration against those Democrats who epposed the court bill could only lead to a war of wide and extended scope. In many of the States, North, South, East and West, Demo- cratic Senators are found who stood firm against the court bill and forced its abandonment—New York, New England, Indiana, Ohio, Missouri, Wyoming, Ne- vada, Nebraska, Maryland, Towa, Vir- ginia, North and South Carolina—in fact, the opposing Democratic Senators hailed from every section of the country. If party warfare grew out of this contest— it would tear the Democratic party wide open. It might be more disastrous than the split in the party growing out of the slavery question in 1860 or the sound money question in 1896, * ok oKk Next year there are twenty-eight Democratic Senators who come up for re-election and only four Republicans. In that group of twenty-eight Demo- crats are included not only many of those who opposed the President's court plans, but also several of the men who took a leading part in that oppo- sition, among them McCarran of Ne- vada, Van Nuys of Indiana, Clark of Missouri and George of Georgia. Other opponents of the court plan in this list are Tydings of Maryland, Smith of South Carolina, and Gillette of Iowa, and counted against the plan. Lonergan of Connecticut and Adams of Colorado and others. If the Democratic organiza- tion, dominated by the President and Chairman James A. Farley of the Demo- cratic National Committee, undertakes to hamstring these Senators and to pre- vent their renominajion, the campaign of 1938 is likely to be one of the most bitter ever waged. Republicans will re- turn to the Senate under conditions of division in the Democratic ranks, be- yond the per-adventure of a doubt. Whether the breach in the party is to be healed effectually, however, may de- pend to a certain extent upon what is done with other measures of the Presi- dent’s program. The court bill was not the only item on the list of controversial nature. The President’s bill for the re- organization of the executive depart- ments has &tirred up another hornet's nest in Congress. It may be resisted— and will in certain features—as strenu- L as was the court bill. The wages s bill is another that will bring T thern Democrats n ance at the wages and v feel that the proposed labor standards board might, by a wave of the hand almost, put an end to in- dustries in their home States. Wages have been lower in Southern mills than rthern. If they should be made the same, while it might be considered fair in some quarters, it would be con- sidered distir in the South, not to mer disastrous. The wages and hours bill is the unfinished business of the Senate. And it is the purpose of the administration leaders to through that body as qui If ever there was legislation whict have the most careful scrutiny, it is this measure. If the Congress quits. however, without passing a labor bill or a farm bill, a number of embarrassing questions may be asked. Why, for example, was Con- gress in session for six or seven months Wwithout acting on such measures? The answer is that Congress was tied up, waiting for the President and the Senate to finish their fight over the court bill. The administration could have had early consideration of farm and labor legi tion—if it had been willing to lay aside the court bill. Having butted its head against a stone wall without accomplish- ing the legislation it demanded. the ac}- ministration is now demanding that measures of great importance be rushed through by a weary and overheated Congress. * ok ok ok Col. James Roosevelt, son of the Presi- dent and one of his secretaries, is not to try for the Democratic nomination for governor next year, in the opinion of one of the best political observers and writers in Boston, John D. Merrill of the Boston Globe. Writing in his newspaper, Mr. Merrill said after a recent visit of Col. Roosevelt to Massachusetts: “James Roosevelt made it plain on his visit here that he would not be in 1938 a candidate for Governor of Massachu- setts, but would support Governor Cur- ley for re-election. Mr. Roosevelt had previously made similar statements, but perhaps they were not so direct and unequivocal as were his answers (0 ques- tions asked him Thursday. EEE “It is generally accepted that the Pwes- ident’s son has political ambitions and believes that this State, where he main- tains his residence, is the most promising place in which to set out to gratify them, but it is equally likely that he has often been accused of doing things for political effect when, as a matter of fact, he had no such aim in mind. In recent weeks stories have been circu- lated that he would run for Governor, for Lieutenant Governor or for Congress in the 1938 primary. He has now taken himself out of the governorship, for 1938 at least, and there is no real evi- dence that he intends to try for any of the other posts with which his name has been associated. * ok kK “If and when he decides to be a candidate for office _he will have to make a hard fight. Perhaps his wisest course would be to give up his place in Washington, come back to Massachu- setts, begin on the lower rounds of the political ladder and look for gradual promotion. “Although he should not be adversely criticized because he wants to start near the top. Whenever he tries to do so he will have to face the determined opposi- tion of Democrats who have had to work hard for every advance and often have failed to reach anywhere near the top. “Possibly, Mr. Roosevelt might get the Democratic nomination for Congress from the ninth Massachusetts district, which is now represented by Robert Luce, Republican.” 3 * ok X Democratic politics in New York City are almost at fever heat. The nmomina- tion for mayor is causing all the trouble. Senator Copeland and Grover Whalen are for the time being, at least, the con- tenders for the nomination. Copeland is poison to the Roosevelt administra- tion in Washington. It may be recalled that the administration upset the apple cart in New York's mayoralty election four years ago, backing “Joe” McKee for the post although Tammany had its regularly nominated Damoufii candi- L “Dear Sir: While we are talking about cats as bird killers, let me mention the bluejay, one of which kills more birds than are killed by two cats. The blue- jay will also eat the eggs of numerous bird families, and is largely responsibie for depletion of song birds in the suburbs. “The bluejay is a bully, but is actually courageous, too, and thrives like the sparrow around human domestic estab- lishments. He is a noisy bird, also, and eight or ten of him will congregate in & large tree around 5 o'clock in the morn- ing and deprive many a light sleeper of his night's rest, making as much noise as a bunch of crows. An occasional jay is enough. “And speaking of crows, the starling, in my opinion, is now a worse and more expensive pest than the crow was even in the hey-dey of the crow, when a con- tinuous belt of them would fly over Washington for hours. “I state this from observation in my childhood, and while time ordinarily seems longer to a child than as meas- ured by adults, still I believe I am correct. * x % x “At this time of year and extending through the corn maturing season, at least, millions of starlings are roosting in the Blue Ridge, sweeping across the adjacent country during the day and feeding on grain produced by human labor. “I stayed overnight at Waynesboro, Pa. a few years ago, and rising in the early morning, I saw great clouds of these birds, reaching far inte the dis- tance, flying low across the farms, rain- ing down to alight in the corn fields, where the corn was in full tassle. “I walked through a corn field later, myriads of these birds flying up at my approach, and I found the husks turned back from the tips of the ears and nearly one-quarter of the grain at the ends of ears eaten. “I was told by the farmer that these birds roosted on the mountains near Blue Ridge Summit at night, and ranged for 20 miles or more in their depreda- tions during the day. I understand the starling was introduced into this coun- try in about 1890, and that stunt is now wasting farm products worth billions per year, I have no doubt. “A flock of starlings will clean the fruit from a cherry tree in very short order. I have an idea that they eat bird eggs and the young of other birds, but am not informed on this. “There should be a bounty on star- lings, the same as for crows, but pos- sibly rated by the dozen instead of singly. “The bluejay should be discouraged by bird lovers as much as possible, and feeding devices ought to have a gniil that would exclude the jay. but allow the smaller birds access to the food. “Let us give every possible support to any measure adopted to exterminate the starlings on the streets and buildings of the city, and our food will not then be so expensive, even if the Government does put up the cost. Very truly, H. L. W.” x o % ok What our correspondent says about bluejays and starlings may be true, and yet many a city and suburban bird lover would miss them from the scene, if the measures advocated were to be carried into effect. The jay, certainly. One of the first paintings by the great Audubon was of the bluejay, and each bird was depicted eating an egg of some ther bird. No doubt with their vigor and strong bills they manage to kill and devour many a fledgling of other species, too. STARS, MEN Yet of all the fascinating birds which come to the small garden, this is easily first, in the opinion of many watchers. It is at once beautiful and interesting. As far as our observations go, it remains in one garden only a few minutes each day. Last Winter we had four visit the yard every morning—except Friday—and while these patronized the feeding sta- tions, they ate very little, and never remained in the garden more than 15 or 20 minutes, after which they disap- peared until next day. We have yet to see any particular harm these fellows did to other birds, but that, no doubt, was due to the fact that the other Wintering specimens were adults. The beautiful wings and tail of this bird are bevond compare. Few other species can equal it. Even the splendor of the cardinal scarce is as lovely to the eye. As for “pep,” verve, whatever one wants to call it, the jay is in a class by himself. His cries are loud, but not unmusical, even the most strident of them, while at times he can make as soft a note as any bird, seeming to say, “Pussy, pussy, pussy,” or the like. * % % X The starling is a most interesting garden bird, provided it does not come in too great numbers. Its economic consequences are another matter, but the gardener who feeds the birds may feel that he is not concerned with these, that they will be taken care of by others, and will work themselves out over the years, just as the crow prob- lem was settled. We doubt whether starlings eat the eggs of other birds, or injure their young, but no doubt some measure of all this may be laid at the doors of most birds. Even Jenny Wren, tiny creature, is said to deliberately toss eggs out of nests every chance she gets. We feel that what has lessened bird life in the suburbs everywhere is the increase in human population While there are many wild birds faith- ful to man, seeming to love his homes, his hedges and his very presence, there are many of the shyer sorts, rare crea- tures, indeed. which will not keep to the built-up localities. As long as a suburban.section presents a truly rural appearance, the birds come in great numbers, but as soon as all the possible lots in a block have been built on, the number of motor cars increased, and people are more in evidence, their numbers begin to decline. This may not be noticeable at first, and. of course, is influenced by such things as the thick- ness of shrubs. and the amount of berries they present, the number of feeding sta- tions kept running and well filled, the comparative quietness, and so on Nevertheless, the birds will decrease in number, not so much the standard species, as cardinals, robins, thrushes and the like, but in such things as chickadees, titmice, nuthatches and the rarer types of woodpeckers. ‘There are always at any feeding sta- tion, and no matter where located, cer- tain guests which the bird observer might wish had remained away. Pigeons and squirrels are certainly among these. English sparrows, some say. Bluejavs and starlings, others. Yet a few of all these are not harmful in amateur bird feeding, it is only when they increase to great numbers that they become a nuisance, At Jeast let us have a few javs. please. This is & brave, handsome, intelligent bird, and, like most brave, handsome, in- telligent creatures, at times is cruel. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Probably science has just started to explore the possibilities of one of its newest brain children—the photo-elec- tric cell. More than 150 uses to which it already is being put are listed in the report on technological trends and their social im- plications just issued by the National Resources Committee. Among its po- tentialities is the disturbing one of eventually displacing & million or more workers in industry. It is based on the fact that certain ele- ments will set up electric currents when light falls upon them. This is essen- tially what is done by the rods and cones of the human retina. The photo-electric cell can “see” just as well as the eve itself—in fact, very much better, for it never grows tired, never wavers in its attention to what is going on, never is “color blind,” never is attacked by dis- ease. It can’t, of course, be hitched up to a brain. It can't make a choice of what it will do in response to a certain light impulse. One photo-electric cell can do only one thing—or a very limited number of things—for which it is spe- cifically designed. But in thousands of industrial operations there is no room for choice either. The list of its uses, admittedly far from complete, cited by the committee, in itself constitutes a most impressive story: Industrial—Reversing rolls in steel mills, removal of soaking pit covers, control of cut-off saws, furnace tem- perature control, operating-limit switches for motor travel, smoke mdicawa: in smoke stacks, detecting fine cracXs in polished surfaces, opening doors for trucks, automatic operation of mine ventilating doors, warning signals on rolls in tire factories, remote control of machines, safety protection of machines, detection of flaws in products, alarm for water hardness, analysis of card records, operating fire and smoke alarms, de- tecting breaks in paper, automatic weighing of batches, control of chemical processes, leveling elevators, inspecting storage battery caps for vent holes, sorting electrical resistances, controlling thickness of wires, rejection of dull razor blades. Food and chemical processes—Con- trolling levels of contents of tanks and bins, controlling drinking fountains, operating doors of refrigerators, opening stable doors for animals, tooth paste filling machines, bottle fillers, control of coffee roasters, candling eggs, moth con- trol in orchards, sorting raisins at 1,000 a minute, sorting lemons, beans, etc.; eliminating green peaches from cannery stock, sorting cigars, control of acidity and alkalinity. Light control—Control of factory, school room, store and office lighting, electric signs, flood lighting and deco- rative effects, turning on store or win- dow lights at the approach of a pedes- trian or a patrolman, automatically turn- ing on parking lights on autos at dusk, lighting signs on a roadway at the ap- proach of cars. date in the field. Mayor La Guardis, the fusion candidate, with the Republi- can support, rode into office. If the present row keeps up in this Democratic city, the mayor may repeat his performe ance of four years ago. |3 Counting and measuring—Counting automobiles, radios, refrigerators, etc., in a production line. traffic in tunnels, on bridges, etc.: people passing or entering (theaters, etc.), animals, live stock, etc., in stockyard pens, recording beats of master clock, tabulating statistics, quan- tities, measuring lamp candlepower, astronomical measurements, color meas- urement, profectile velocities, calipering steel balls, boiler-gage level alarms, counting of printed items on cards, totalizing and analyzing. counting in- gress and egress of honey bees from hive. Visual reproduction “Facsimile” transmission of photos, maps, newspa- pers, etc.; enabling blind to read ordi- nary print, photography of wild-animal life, automatic photographing of sneak thieves, burglars, etc. Safety uses—Protection of personnel operating punch presses and other dan- gerous machines, protection of elevator doors, preventing car from starting un- less all passengers are clear of threshold ;¥ detection of icebergs, ships, etc., through fog; safety doors in mines, remote con- trol of dangerous processes, protection of jails, penitentiari protection of electrical machinery, traffic signal oper- atfon, auto-speeding detectors, street- lighting control, detection of dangerous gases in tunnels, hold-up protection, banks, etc. (closing of safety steel shut- ters), fire alarms, smoke alarms; safety protection of oil burners. Grading—Cigars, tile, beans, vege- tables; detecting missing labels, inspect- ing tin plate, calipering small parts, color comparison, adjusting auto headlights, detecting flaws in products, sorting checks and bills, matching false teeth. Traffic applications—Railroad signals (European), street traffic lights, elevator leveling, elevator door safety control, elevator safety stops, routing mail bags and letters, counting street traffic, check- ing up bridge-toll collections, speeding subway traffic, checking up theater pat- ronage, detecting dangerous gas in tun- nels, lighting air beacons and airfields, controlling wind indicators from pilot vanes, detecting automobile speeding by two photo-cells in roadway, horse-oper= ated signals for bridlepaths, parking lights on automobiles lighted at dusk, head lamps dimmed at approach of an- other car, headroom alarms for tunnel and bridge approaches, adjoining street signs and displays controlled by traffic light, swing-briige pin-lock safety in- dicator, identifying and recording freight car numbers, checking auto crankcase oil at service stations, adjust- ing illumination in vehicular tunnels, calling gas station attendant when car stops. Printing, publishing, etc.—Automatic machine setting of type, from typewrit- ten copy; automatic control of accurate trimming, accurate cut-offs for labels, bags, etc.; automatic stops for presses, preventing paper breaks; adjusting den- sity of printing, counting of sheets and forms in binderies, control of paper thickness and moisture during manufac- ture, matching the colors of inks and papers, controlling uniformity of color during printing runs, providing perma- nent unfading color records, measuring glare and opacity of paper, safety-first devices around presses. Sound production—Sound-picture re- cording, sound-picture reproduction, light-beam transmission, the “talking ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederie J, Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the origin of the phra-e which President Roosevelt used cone cerning Senator Robinson, ending “he has kept the faith"?—T. C A. The President paraphrased a pase sage from the bible, the seventh versa of chapter 4, IT Timothy: “I have fought & good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.” Q. At what age are women most suce cessful?>—W. H A. In the biographies of well-known women given in “American Women," the majority of those listed were born in 1890, making them 47, Q. Ts rum naturally brown in color? —W. W, A. The natural prod is The rich brown color given by 9 addition of caramel and the aging in casks, colorles=, Q. What {s the Texas town that has an amateur circus that has been very successful?>—C. E A. Gainesville, Tex,, has a communi circus, made up of local taler given some ninety performances i last seven years. The performers amateurs in the sense that none of th receives pay. to Q. What i cap, applied to station porter A. The use Labor day, 189 a colored porte the origin of the term, red —H. W. John Williams, 1 the New York Cen- tral Station, tied a piece of red flannel on his cap so that his patrons could identify him in the crowd. Q. What is fuller's earth?—R A. It is clay relativ nesia. WeiPs n mage Q. When was “Gone With the Wind" published?—B. G. T, A. In July, 1936. Q. Please give the name of ernment expert in cryptography - A. Colonel Willlam F. Friedman { cryptanalyst of the War Departm: Washington, D. C. Q. Who Night"?—G. E. M. A. It was written wrote & t Night, Holy by Josef Mohr, an assistant priest, and an organist, Franz Gruber. Josef Mohr was ordained a priest ih 1814, Four years later he weng to Oberndorf and there met Franz Gruber who acted as anist. Desiring some new music for Christmas servi the two collaborated and on Chr day, 1818, the song was sung in parish church of St. Nicholas at Obe; dorf., Q. What is the medical term for athe lete’s foot?>—N. F. C. A. It is epidermophytosis. Q. What was the real name of the late Jack Curley?—W. H. A. The publicity agent and sporis promoter was named Jacques Armand Schule. Q. What is the origin of penny post- age?—W. H A. Sir Rowland Hill 1837 published a pamp! Reform.” in which he advocated adhesive postage stamp and a low and uniform rate between all places in the British Isles. In 1839 Hill was attached to the Treasury Department for the purpose of putting his projected refor into execution. and in the year, 1840, a uniform penny rate came into force, Samuel Insull at Edison’s private 1795-1879) time one recretary Q. Was Thomas —J. H. A. Mr. Tnsull came to America in 1881 as the private secretary of Thomas Edi- son, whose business affairs he managed for many years, Q. Are library books dangerous s car- riers of disease germs?—S. D. A. Studies recently made show that library books are not important as car- riers of disease. Disease germs do not live long outside the body. Books mav be disinfected by sprinkling a few dr of formalin through the books and plac- ing them in a closed container for twenty-four hours. For disinfecting a single book, it may be placed open and the formalin may be placed on blotting paper in the container with it. Q. What three States collected tha largest amount of revenue from sale of alcoholic beverages in §9362—H. M A. According to current report the States were as follows: New York with $41,416.229.08, Pennsylvania with $29,- 233.470.24, and Ohio with $26,706,927.74. Q. Are rikishaws disappearing {n Tokio?—H. E. A. Faster moving vehicles—buses, trolley cars and taxis—are rapidly dis- placing rikishaws in Tokio. In 1905 there were 100.000 rikishaw men in the city, while now only a few hundred remain. 4] A Fine Booklet About Coins EVERYBODY'S COIN BOOK tells all about rarities and oddities in coins, famous collections, high-priced coins and instruction on how to start and build up a coin collection. It contains notes on the development of metallic money; how to read collectors’ cata= logues; how to distinguish the rare is= sues; covers gold, silver and paper money from Colonial times—information that will interest all collectors, amateur and professional. This is a fascinating book= let on a fascinating subject. Order your copy today. Inclose TEN CENTS to, cover cost and handling. 1 Use This Order Blank The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. I inclose herewith TEN CENTS in coin (carefully wrapped) for a copy of EVERYBODY'S COIN BOOK. book,” automatic merchandiser say “thank you” when purchase is made. Scientific instruments—Color analyz- ers, color matchers, light-intenaity . meters, exposure meters, eombuation ine dicator, measure instant of eclipse, mease ure width of eclipse path. A