Evening Star Newspaper, July 22, 1937, Page 10

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. THURSDAY ______________ July 22, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd St. ©Ohicago Ofice: North Michigan Ave. Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban. Regular Edition. vening and Sunday Star The EVenIng And B onth or 15¢ per week vening St The Evening Sta%; per month or 10c per week The Sunday Star___ . 5¢ per couy Night Final Edltion, Night Fina! and Sunday Star--_70¢ per month NiERY i B, 5¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month or each week. Orders may be by mail or tele- phone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virzini g-'.lv and Sunday.. 1 v aily only 1 Sunday only 1 All Other States and Canada, 1m 1 mo. 1 mo. Daily ar Daily o; Burday only. . $12.00 $5.00 $5.00; Member of the Associated Press. The New Senate Leader. Senator Alben W. Barkley of Ken- tucky, new Democratic leader of Senate, enters upon his duties difficult conditiol His broad shou however, are capable. [ politics has been col tent good soldier and should ms lent Like his precede late Se r Robinson of A ator Ba bel ' | one of 501, 10 hern border terr y upward by and hard work. It devolves t ey to bring har- mony into of the Democra Senate, that have been split wide open in the fierce struggle over President Roosevelt's to s bership also made of his own p proposal the of Court. dent 1 nized. the Presic Democrats v for his op- ponent in the 1 5 o Pat Harris If there is to be b bill must be disposed of wit delay. It must be which will be sati: ti According Montana, leader can be accompli donment propos membership of the Supreme Court proposal was the heart of the Presi court reform plan. To abandon cause a bitter pang to the ad tion. The choice must be made, howev between this desire to increase the Supreme Court membership and an powering desire for harmony among the Democrats, not only of the Senate, but also of the House and the country large. Senator Barkley's position necessarily §s difficult. It can be made much easier if the President himself agrees to the harmony drive and is willing to shelve his recommendations regarding the Supreme Court. Should the President continue his in: court shall be changed in personnel by action of Congress, the -outlook for Democratic harmony in the Senate would be exceedingly dark. The opposition to the court bill is wil ing, it appears, to give the new party leader an opportunity to try his hand &t & solution of the tangle over the court bill. It is willing to w: days. It is not willing, however, to y: on the essentials, as it sees it. Nor is it likely that it will yield to such silly threats as those made by Governor Earle of Pennsylvania, who is demanding the political scalp of every Democratic Sen- ator who has opposed the President in this court bill fight. Barkley gained his spurs in the po- litical lists years ago, first in his own home State and later in the House of Representatives. He came to the Senate in March, 1927, & little more than a decade ago. He is an effective speaker, willing at all times to mingle in debate. In 1932 he became the keynote speaker of the Democratic National Convention which nominated President Roosevelt, and last year he performed the same service at the national convention which renominated the President. In earlier days he was a strong supporter of na- tional prohibition. When he became con- vinced that national prohibition was a failure he supported repeal. ———— A fight between Japan and China may finally be arranged with doubt still lingering in the background as to Rus- sia’s selection as the eventual winner, among the at D Neutrality’s Rocky Road. Great Britain’s strenuous efforts to hasten the end of carnage in Spain by the withdrawal of foreign “volunteers” from both the Loyalist and Insurgent armies have come to naught. The Non- intervention Committee at London, that pusillanimous body of twenty-seven nations, which, for the past.year, has gone through the motions of preserving neutrality in the conflict, has once again agreed to-disagree. Nominally, the London foreign office’s latest peace maneuver went on the rocks over a mere matter of procedure. Actu- ally, it collapsed because Italy and Ger- many, realizing that taking their forces out of Spain would fatally handicap Franco at the zero hour of his thrust for decisive victory at Madrid, are not prepared to leave their Fascist ally in the lurch. So the spokesmen of Il Duce and Der Fuehrer at the Downing Street round table found one more pretext for con- tinuing the participation of the Italo- German contingents in the conflict now raging with intensified fury on the Cas- tilian plain. Great Britain and France, supported ) the | under | | the force cog- | it cannot trust (except defaulting gov- 1 | money.” | perfectly natural. tence that the highest THE EVENING by Soviet Russia, Belgium, Sweden and Czechoslovakia, seek withdrawal of alien troops from Spain preceding the grant- ing of “limited” belligerent rights. Italy and Germany want the order reversed. The result is deadlock and, of course, prolongation of conditions whereby the insurgents obtained man power, muni- tions and equipment without which the Franco campaign would Jong since have collapsed. As long as there is no embargo on sinews for the rebels, the Loyalists naturally feel at liberty to accept all the foreign aid they can com- mand. The Russian aircraft at their disposal is playing perhaps the principal role in the stubborn defense of Madrid1 which the government is this week maintaining against the heaviest Insur- gent offensive it has yet had to combat. So the hour has not come when Spain’s war can be returned to the Spaniards. The land is doomed until further notice to remain the arena of foreign invasion— a shamble where once there were fair cities and countrysides, thriving indus- tries and national monuments of price- less historical value and beauty. The reckless sponsors of rival alien political ideologies have not yet had their fill of blood-soaked Spanish soil as an arena for internecine strife and a training ground for men and weapons in the next world war. Europe's “neutrality” on the Iberian Peninsula will rank as upreme international scan- edies—of all time. the dals—and t —— Alice in Blunderland. ee by the paper said Alice, rais- r 1er eyebrows and turning the pages f The Star, “that Representative Pal- oing to ask Auditor Donovan is a good risk and whether is safe for the United States Govern- to lend the District any money. Is t a good risk?” e District is a rotten thing,” the White Rab- replied, pi 1g the Queen’s ear, 1t I do not intend to say anything. So there!” “But wk asked Al the District a bad risk?” has no government,” said “and when there is t there is anarchy and rchy it is a good time 1d to close up shop and town.” Do you mean there is anarchy in the ict of Columbia?” asked Alice. “Of course not, you impudent child,” 1 e you treason, only my s to have stopped and I fear there will be none.” t?” asked sunrise for Alice, becom “No treason,” said the White Rabbit. “That is, no loan. You see, it is this way, you silly child: The District has no gov- ernment except Congress and Congress | | wiil make no loans to any government | ernments, like European governments) because it must conserve the peepul’s “Do the peepul have any money?” asked Alice. “Certainly not,” said the White Rab- bit. “The reason Congress will not lend any money to the District is tk gress does not trust Congress, whict If you were Congress d not t Cor would ess, But,” said Alice were Congr indignantly, “if I I would certainly trust Congress, just as I would trust myself.” “Then f{t a very good thing you are not Congress,” said the White Rabbit, “because we would be in a fine state of affairs, indeed, which is precisely where we are today.” Alice was about to pursue the subject further but held her tongue, for the White Rabbit had gone sound asleep and by this time was snoring loudly. ———— It is now estimated that the Supreme Court contention has been of great service to the intellectual life of the Nation. It may not serve to change the conditions under which we live, but it will permit the assurance of awareness of these conditions. e The Hindenburg Verdict. When the giant airship Hindenburg fell in flames at Lakehurst May 6, with thirty-six persons dying in the wreck, the immediate question raised was that of the cause of the disaster. The craft had made numerous voyages across the sea and was supposedly wholly safe in handling. It had weathered severe con- ditions on previous crossings and those that prevailed at the time of her fatal landing at Lakehurst were seemingly such as to insure security. Yet at the last moment something happened to cause the ignition of the hydrogen which constituted her flotation factor and in a few minutes the great mech- anism was a wreck. Sabotage was immediately suggested. Just why any person should wish to destroy the airship and with it the lives of its occupants was not clear. In fact, there was no conceivable reason for such a dastardly crime. A board of inquiry was constituted to investigate. Now its report has been made, after ten weeks of examination and inquiry, and the verdict is given that the airship was the victim of a static spark, which caused the ignition of a mixture of free hydro- gen and air. A leak at or near certain cells containing the hydrogen caused this mixture and a spark of static elec- tricity, generated by the atmospheric conditions and conducted by a damp- ened landing rope, caused the first ex- plosion, which was quickly followed by others. Such is the conclusion of the board, from which there can be no reasonable dissent. The primary factor of danger and of eventual disaster lay in the use of the highly inflammable hydrogen as the agency of flotation. That it had been used previously, in fact through- out the long maintained trans-Atlantic flights of the Hindenburg and its pre- decessor, the Graf Zeppelin, without disaster was no assurance against such STAR, W a happening. As long as this potentially dangerous element is used there is pos- sibility of an explosion. Structural de- fects, incident to continued service or exceptional strains in severe weather, may at any time effect leakage and when that occurs there is peril. With such a possibility as the ignition of hydrogen through static electricity, either in the course of flight or at land- ing, tragically demonstrated by the Lakehurst disaster, the continued use of this element becomes a grave liability in lighter-than-air navigation. Only through the use of helium, which is non- inflammable, can this danger be averted. Helium, however, is produced at present only in this country, in quantity suffi- cient to such an end. The Government of the United States controls it. Use by others can be permitted only by order of the President, upon the recom- mendation of the Secretaries of War, the Navy and the Interior. No formal application has been made for this accommodation. In the light of the Hindenburg disaster and the findings of the board of inquiry it may be expected that one will be made, and it is not to be doubted that it will be granted, with stipulation that it be used only in com- mercial travel. In the event of a war in another part of the world the use of helium from the American source would, of course, be denied. L e America has never learned a great deal about either the Chinese or the Japa- nese hostilities. Wars which decide the course of ancient civilizations are, how- ever, simple in one respect. They depend again on who can succeed in getting to a strategic point at a critical moment with the most men. r——— American girls were not politely treated by Japanese soldiers. Discipline is easily arranged in the Mikado's army and can be accomplished as a minor though drastic incident of the proceed- ings. —————— When John Nance Garner talks Su- preme Court plans over with the Presi- dent of the U. 8. it must be remembered that a Vice President is expected to show certain deferences as matters of formal courtesy. ———e— Marconi was truly a great man. He will be honored for his inventions al- though he cannot be held responsible for all the music and verbal flippancies they transmit. ek - So far as a monument is concerned, it may be assumed that Thomas Jefferson’s shade is in no particular hurry about all these modern formalities. R Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON Progress. Used to be contented To watch a butterfly. Now I want an airship, Sailin’ through the sky. Used to hear a robin With serene delight. Now I want the radio Playin’ half the night. Used to think the wildwood Brought a joy complete. Now I want the golf links, Manicured so neat. Times are ever changing. No use bein’ glum. All our pleasures promise Greater joys to come. A Modest Declaration. “You have served your country a great many years.” “I have,” admitted Senator Sorghum. “Your people have absolute confidence in you.” “I won't say that they always have absolute confidence. But it has always happened that they'd rather take a chance on me than they would on the other fellow.” . Jud Tunkins says a man who never makes a mistake has to die fearfully young to avoid spoiling his record. Indefatigable. The old thermom sets out again His terrors to renew. We take vacations, now and then. Why can't he take some, too? A Case of Silence. “Josh,” said Farmer Corntossel, “did you tell the new Summer boarders there are no mosquitoes worth mentioning?” “Yes. The language that has been used about those mosquitoes has got so free that the less they are mentioned the better.” Facial Expression. “You must not take my photograph,” A wise man gravely said. “The public wants & merry laugh. I wear a frown instead. “For in the midst of serious cares Some gloom is sure to fall. A man, though famous in affairs, Is human after all. “Sometimes I'm weary; often sad. Vexations rise anew. But none save an expression glad ‘The people wish to view. “So chide me with satiric ease, I'll bear it with good grace Nor seek to make reply—but please Don't photograph my face.” “De hardest-worked person I knows of,” said Uncle Eben, “is a talker dat’s tryin’ # convince folks of sumpin’ he don't honestly believe hisself.” — . A Voice for Education. From the Omaha World-Herald. Maybe ex-President Angell of Yale, who signed up for educational broad- casts, will be heard at the mike in those sponsored broadcasts of the foot ball games. LY THURSDAY Community Chest Asks Details of Waitrese Case To the Editor of The Star: A letter from Mrs. Louise S. W. Martin in The Star of July 19 tells of a waitress from whose pay was deducted a contri- bution to the Community Chest. The whole situation is so contrary to the wishes of the Community Chest that I should like to have Mrs. Martin, the wait- ress in question aud all who read the letter note the following facts: (1) The Chest does everything pos- sible to assure contributions being made on a voluntary basis and has repeatedly stated that if contributors are in any way coerced by employers or superiors into contributing, we will cancel the pledge or refund any pavment that has been made upon statement of the facts by the contributor. In only a few cases have such repayments been asked for and our promise has been kept in each case. (2) This is the first time that I have ever heard of an employer transfering a pledge from one employe to another or securing a new pledge in the middle of the vear. We have sometimes been criti- cized for not having pledge cards avail- able for new employes to sign whenever they entered upon a new job, but there have been seemingly excellent reasons against such a practice. But certainly to deduct a weekly contribution for which no pledge had been signed and which had not been authorized by the con- tributor is absolutely contrary to our policies and no such arrangement has ever been suggested to us by an employer, nor has any such payment been reported to us. (3) Thus far this situation is anony- mous. But I shall greatly apreciate it if Mrs. Martin will let me know the exact circumstances and the names of the employer and the employe, so that we can follow it up. The Chest has no de- sire to receive money that is extorted from unwilling contributors or to secure contributions from people who c: afford to make even a small gift. T be glad to go further into this m. or any other s r ones, if I m have the full facts upon which to proceed, We occasionally receive anonymous com- plaints, but naturally there is nothing that we can do about it unless we know the people involved and can go to them directly and reaffirm to them the princi- ples upon which the Community Chest is organized. We want every possible voluntary gift because the Chest representing as it does curative and preventive social work of many n by more thar 60 member knows the traged which faces people in need when other people. who have resources, fail to understand or to appreciate how essen- tial it is for all of us who have to be good neighbors to those who have not. But because “the gift without the giver is bare” we want gifts to be voluntary as well as generous. HERBERT L. WILLETT, JR. e all Single Tax Essential to Political Economy Reform My attention has been called article and edito to the al appearing in T rding the propose gton. Sinc ington is my “home political economy is my ¢ feel titled to speak to subject. The “single tax” is a label conveniently used to crush by an economic reform that c crushed by reason. Once th has been invoked the a tled. T will not, therefore, con I only wish to sav that it is the refusal of leaders of public opinion to support this essential reform which is compell- ing me, and others like me, to embrace socialism. I do not believe that government ownership and operation of industry or government coercion of privately owned industry is desirable. I believe in eco- nomic freedom for the indivi I believe in political~ But I know that until a correct tion between social property and private property is drawn economic freedom for the individual is incompatible social order If. therefore, you will not sc socially-created wealth but conti socialize individually-created wealth by taxing the products of labor, then vou must choose between government owner- ship or socialism and government co- ercion or facism. WALTER F. SWANTON, No Political Party in the U. S. Since 1932 Election To the Editor of The Star: What is all this talk about splitting the party? And what party is meant? No one has heard of any party since 1932, and in 1936 only Maine and Vermont seceded. The other forty-six States ignored the incident. If, to put his reforms across, Frank- lin Delano Roosevelt sees fit, or deems it necessary, to eliminate the Supreme Court or any part thereof, or, if it seems obligatory upon him even to dispose of Congress, the above mentioned Maine and Vermont can do nothing to stop him. And all the shouting and storming of the press can accomplish no more now than it did in 1936. And what is so strange and inconsist- ent that a President holding such a mandate from forty-six out of forty- eight States should expect courts, Con- gress et al. to forward his program? He would be both a fool and a traitor if he did not enforce that program, and do it now. The time has struck when further patience ceases to have virtue; yet, I suppose, if the opposition is getting its throat cut, it has the option to squeal and bleed. MILO E. EMMERSON. et Questions Are Raised By the Wagner Act To the Editor of The Star: This is what I cannot understand about the Wagner act: ‘What right has Congress got to in- terfere with interstate commerce for the manifest purpose of putting an addi- tional burden upon it in the shape of higher production costs, which, of course, must mean higher selling prices in the long run? Or, what right has Congress got to pass such a law on general welfare grounds, when manifestly the public at large is to be taxed for the benefit of a favored few? Or, if it is claimed that the general welfare is promoted because strikes will be avoided, is it in conformity with the spirit of the American Constution to avoid trouble that way, responding to the same leverage that the victims of racket- eers encounter? Why does not some victim of this law test these points before the Supreme Court? The actual effect of this law will affect me only in the matter of paying higher prices for what I buy and consume, and that is not so much, but I am one of the 217,000,000 who expected better things, and that worries me. W. BTANLEY FREEMAN. free JULY 22, 1937 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Dear Sir: O would that some power give me the facile and trenchant pen you possess! If so blessed I would im- mediately sit down and pen a scathing denunciation of those many unmannerly drivers who plague our city streets. But, lacking such a gift, I must perforce express my thoughts to you and ask you will you not be so kind as to pen such a missive for me. “If you will not do that, then, through the medium of your column, won't you at least write a mild reproachment of that porkish slice of humanity that sits behind the wheel of motor cars and insists on usurping the civil human rights of others? “The other day I tried to cross the street and I started when the light was green. But before I got half-way across, here comes one of those motorized hu- man devils around the turn and removes from me, almost, the last remaining vestige of a waistcoat I possess. Not a sign of a horn, a bell, or a peep. “Where, O where, are those drivers of yesteryear who signed the safe driving pledges and promised to love, honor and sometimes obey the rights of the passing pedestrian and other motorists? “They, like other good things, scem to have drifted to the realm of forgotten tiangs. * ok ok ok “I often wonder how these same mo- torists would act if they were to meet in the drawing room. Would they each try to knock the other over as they entered, and dive for the best chair in the house? “And, if so doing, they failed to get complete possession of the chair, would one of them sit on one arm of the chair and the other on the other, both refus- ing to budge, ju. they do downtown grappling for a parking space? Is that what they would do? It is only safe to assume that they would “But if they wouldn't, changes the perfect ‘man in the drawing room to a glutting hog the moment he gets behind the wheel of his motor car? Perhaps you can readers aright on that peculiar ¢ human nature; I have, with my mind, given up trving to fathom it. r, the point I wish to make ‘'t you call the attention drivers to the true e ? Some of us are inherently mean, but a great many of us—I like to think a great many of us—merely do these discourteous acts because we do not realize we are doing them, and a little jogging of the mind would, to this group, resuit i amelioration of conditions. can see fit to call the 1 notice yvou will be rende: public service, and of there need be no doubt. We need courtesy badly. r your int ted reader, J. D. A x ok % A, but we good. lem t is it that Thanks, My t would do a don't believe for years. A nds of persons have been d jo people who are caref plaud, and the car indifferent either can't or don't or, if they do. forget all t} have read the next second ation on the subject, “Be More ful!” It was one of the best articles ever written on the subject, we do be- STARS, MEN We have been | | nes: On April 19 last this column printed | lieve, and we were proud of it and sin- cerely hoped it might help. None of us needs be discouraged, how- ever. The sum total of all such eflorts to help a bad situation may be much greater than we sometimes suspect. It is true that “every little bit helps,” per- haps. * ok K % What the interested world seems to have forgotten, in regard to man and his motor car, is the unseen influence of the machine. The term “machine age” means more than factories and men chained to them, as the saying has it. It incl automobiles. The over” of the influence of this machine to those who operate it is the only possible explanation of the seeming change in character noted by our correspondent. People really do not change from courteous to discourteous. They just seem to. The days of the old stage directions for the miser, “Leans against post and becomes generous,” are long over. The man who is polite in the drawing room is the same fellow who leans out the car window and curses you for your dumbness, as he calls it, in rather pointed language. He is not a bad guy, as we all know. He is just driving a motor car! e And the machine has done something to him. For the time he is at the wheel the personality of a machine has either partially or totally eclipsed his own personality. There is no courtesy in a machine, therefore there is no use in expecting it from one. There is no kindness in a machine, no for others, no fear. fore we see a car come along a quiet residence street miles an hour, r ing up, but running straight thri group of children and their pet dogs. One dog is bowled over, but the ma- chine does not stop. The driver? Wh him in its grip! ¥ * The machine h 50 enervating. evidently, that kes monsters of men, who often are so lost to all hu- manity that they “bawl out” the person whom the jured er addicts, men not so enslaved by the machine habit, show various phases of thoughtlessness, selfishness, discour- tesy, brutality What mo Look again at of senseless steel Its daily food is gasoline. Its favorite end product is monoxide, deadly to all living things To go fast and faster seems to be its principal mission in the world If this thing could be courteous it would be a miracle past belief. It e difference b and would have hap- pened in the ages which had never swirli can be expected of them? that shining monster carbon | pened before. Puny man t} i he seldom does so; most controls him, demanding that it be allowed to fulfill its mission—speed and more speed. Does a machine know whether it hurts, insults, injures or kills living things? It doesn’t know and it doesn't care, and something of that awful care-less- evidently communicates itself to many of those who play around with it. Its great sin is that it is unhuman; its great threat is that it tends to make s he man inhuman. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOJMAS R. HENRY. When gas lighting first appeared. at ab > end of the eighteenth century, it was considered by all persons with sound common sense to be too ridiculous to be taken seriou: ~ Only when the practice be gain ground did an o lic arise against it. It is one of the instances of the essential conservatism of the public mind toward revolutionary inventions cited in the recent report on technological trends of the National Re- sources Committee. Gas lighting, which first appeared at about the end of the eighteenth cen- tury, was considered too ridiculous at first to be taken seriously, and only when it appeared to be gaining ground was there an active propaganda against it “There is a madman proposing to light the streets of London with smoke,” wrote Sir Walter Scott. Lord Byron thought the idea was very ludicrous. Such an eminent man of science as Sir Humphrey Davy laughed at it and considered those who proposed it as harmless lunatics. “Une grande folie,” said the great Na- poleon when somebody proposed gas lighting for Paris. One outstanding ob- jection was that gas tanks would not be picturesque. London succumbed in 1810. Paris held out until 1818. Berlin only submitted to a gas plant in 1826, after tremendous opposition. Some of the gas lamps ex- ploded the day they were installed on Unter den Linden, and all Germans with sound common sense felt that their long fight had been vindicated. Baltimore, the first American city to install gas. succumbed fo the inevitable in 1821, after much opposition. As late as 1833 a petition to the Philadelphia Common Council warned against gas as “ignitable as gunpowder and as nearly fatal in its effects as regards the large destruction of property.” Of all the inventions of the Ilate Thomas A. Edison, perhaps the one which hdS had the greatest effect on the world is the incandescent light. It has made possible foot ball games at night, the illuminated city seen from an airplane which is man’'s mastérpiece of supreme beauty, the lovely neon signs over the corner saloon, and a thousand other things of more or less utility. But the invention was by no means hailed with enthusiasm. The learned president of the Stevens Institute of Technology in 1879 rushed to Edison’'s defense when the light was first dem- onstrated. The young man had done excellent work as an inventor, he said. It was a shame that his reputation should be ruined by the publicity given this innovation which ‘“every one acquainted with the subject will recog- nize as a conspicuous failure.” The thing was bound to fail, he held, because all previous attempts had been failures. The New York Herald printed a story about the lamp. The managing editor called the city editor on the carpet for letting such nonsense get in the paper. It was agamnst the laws of nature, he maintained. Presumably the city editor fired the reporter who was bringing in such fake stories. But it turned out that the story was not a fake after all. When news of Edison’s demonstrations reached London there was a veritable panic on the stock exchange as gas share quotations nervous stockholders \ 1 needn't have been scared. The public, with jts reliable instinct for common sense, resisted. Franchises were hard to councils that electricity was dan- Moreover, it was unromantic. lit streets were essential to the blossoming of romance. This charge in A& measure has been upheld. Edison can indirectly be charged with the park po- liceman’s flashlight. The Western world might have had the benefit of printing centuries before the invention of Gutemberg. Block printing had been invented in China, but when it reached the Islamic world on its way Westward the scribes rose in arms. They were producing beautiful manuscripts, far better than any printer could turn out. Printing had to hurdle this barrier to get into Europe. Not until about 200 years ago was a press allowed in Turkey, Iy within the past few years h: n been printed. It would have been blasphemy to_Allah, the scribes mai In Paris the introduc was delayed for 20 yea of the guild of scribes. upon in early Virginia. “I thank God there are no free schools nor thinking,” wrote Gov. Berkeley in 1670, “and I hope we shall not have them these hundred vears. Learning brought disobedience and v sects into the world, and divulged them and liby best government.” Stereotyping machinery was first in- troduced in Edinburgh in 1725. The opposition was so bitter that the in- ventor, William Ged, had to abandon it and it did not come into use until a century later. Congress was accused of irresponsible extravagance when it appropriated $30,- 000 for an experimental telegraph line in 1843. The appropriation was passed only by a margin of eight votes. Even the reckless New Dealers of the day who had thus squandered the people’s money regretted it. True enough, the experiment was a success—but what good was it? Just a scientific toy. There was a limit in those days to the recklessness of legislators with other people’s money, and when the Nation was offered all rights to the invention for the scandalous sum of $100,000 the proposition was indignantly defeated. This, again, seemed ordinary common sense. Two years after the first tele- graph line was installed the receipts for a quarter were $203.43. Thus were the crack-brained claims of the inventor exposed. The telephone fared little better at first. It was denounced as an instru- ment of the devil, disturbing the tran- quillity of the countryside and inducing nervous breakdowns among its users. The inventor was ridiculed as a crank and a charlatan. As late as 1914 an eminent economist declared: “Its ubiquitous presence conduces to an unremitting nervous tension and un- rest wherever it goes.” n of printing by the hostility t was frowned printing against Two Licenses Needed. From the Grand Island Independent. Before the average man can get mar- ried these days he has to show his girl two e and automobile. | actre: P | held een child | obtain because gas companies convinced | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureaw, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Why do white woolen swimming suits discolor when worn in swimming poois?—R. D. A. It is because of the chlorine and or copper sulphate which is used to kill the algae in the water. Q. How long has the flower mart been held in Baltimore?—G. S A. Tt has been held at the foot of the Washington monument, in Mount Ver- non Square, for 26 vears—e cept two years during the World V held on the second Wednesda sponsored by the Women's Many women's clubs have gay smocks and band ant costumes of the flower color to the charn ic League. booths, and s and peas= ndors add scene, Q. How much did the late Lipton spend on Americ —H. J. - A. From 1899 to 1930 the tea magnate raced five Shamrocks and spent more than $4,000,000. Sir Thomas ~ s Cup races? Q. Please give the of outstanding women of 1936 as selected by American Women.—J. G. A. Durward Howes, editor Women, the who's who of of the Nation, the 10 outstandi WO Evangeline Booth, general of Army following as 19; e Inter- Margaret ilum, de- Josephine American mothe States? A. About 87.000. Q. Where was Field of the Cloth of Gold?—G. T. A. It was near Calais. France. between and Ardre Henry VIII nd and Fr ce met iscuss an al his result was t accomplishec t the splendor and ed have gone down Q. When is the Bov Scouts?—E. W. A. The fifth world in boree of the jamboree the Netherlands from July t 13 be 29 to Au Q. What the tropi A. The and is a fi The frui it is called the apple of con tree ch the appearance of h-skinned peach and has ul aroma and spiciness. Q. What became of Henry Wi he superintendent at Andersonville Prison? —P. M. A. Because of mismanagement of the prison and unusual cruelty he was court= martialed in 1865 and hanged Novem- ber 10, 1865. Q. How long will Paul Green's pageant-drama, “The Lost Colony,” be given at the exposition at Roanoke Island, N. C?—H. L A. Performances will be given three times a week during the remainder of July and every evening after that until the exposition cioses, on Labor day. Q. Who invented the Good Humor ice cream bars on sticks?—P. L. H A. The confection was brought out by Harry B. Burt of Youngstown, Ohio. Q. Where does the English nightingale spend the W N A. In Africa. It arrives in England or Western Europe in April. Its song is heard until about the middle of June. Q. Who wrote President Wilson's fa- vorite limerick, beginning, “For beauty I am not a star’?—E. H A. It is by Edward Lear. Q. How long did the Mesozoic era or period last?>—T. M. A. It is estimated at about 125,000,000 years. Q. Is the first Franklin car in ex- istence?—W. M. A. The first car to leave the Syracuse plant. in 1902, is now on exhibition in the National Museum, Washington, D. C. was Edward the Confessor s title?—H. D. A. It was because of the holiness of his Iife. After his death he was ree membered as sort of a national hero. Q. How much did the movies pay for the groduction rights of the play, “Have ing a Wonderful Time"?—J. L. A. R-K-O paid Arthur Kober $82.000 for the movie rights to the current play, Q. In storing linens for a long should they be rolled or folded A. It is better to roll linens, as the material may be weakened by continued creasing. period, E Preparing for College? If you are planning to enter colleze this Fall you will want a copy of the booklet HOW TO GET A COLLEGE EDUCATION. Prepared from recent surveys of the United States Govern=- ment; indicates actual costs and living expenses at various types of schools for every State; suggests ways and means of self-support; outlines in detail all the new Federal aids available to stiie dents through the National Youth Ad= ministration. Send for your copy today, inclosing ten cents to cover cost and handling. Use This Order Blank The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. I inclose herewith TEN CENTS in coin (carefully wrapped) for a copy of the booklet HOW TO GET A COLLEGE EDUCATION. Name ... Street or Rural Route.