Evening Star Newspaper, July 6, 1937, Page 26

URGED BY ROPER Warns Autocratic Control of Both Factions Is Only Alternative. Warning that autocratic control of both industry and labor is the only alternative if these principals in con- troversy fail to assume the proper ob- ligations of restraint, self-discipline and service was given last night by Secretary of Commerce Roper in an address in the National Radio Forum. The forum is sponsored jointly by The Evening Star and the National Broadcasting Co. and is broadcast over & national network. Citing the responsibilities of both employers and employes under the national labor relations act, the Sec- retary added: “The proper right to strike must be safeguarded, but equally fundamental is the right to work. Coercion has no proper place in this program. Advice to “Extremists.” “Extremists on either side of the prevailing controversy should har- monize their views with the objective attitude of the majority who are con- structively seeking a peaceful solu- tion"” The text of the Secretary's address follows: I thank Mr. Oliver Owen Kuhn, managing editor of The Washington Star, and the National Broadcasting Co. for the opportunity afforded me tonight to visit again with the Na:ion- wide family of the Radio Forum. The commendable objective of this Radio Forum, now entering on its seventh year, is to help the American people to better keep pace with and better understand national problems through the process of free discussion. On the natal day anniversary of the oldest and greatest democracy in the world, we naturally think in terms f human relations. Accordingly, I use| as my subject: “Industry and Labor— Their Mutual Problems.” Constructively analyzed the aim of these interdependent groups should be fundamentally the same. They both seek human happiness in a country committed to that attainment by all of its citizens. This can only be se- cured through peaceful evolution and never through force or revolution. Dif- ferences arise frequently, not, how- ever, over ultimate objectives, but over the mechanics of procedure for obtaining economic progress, and, hence, human happiness. In opening our discussion this evening we natur- ally reflect on the fact that this is the 161st anniversary of the founding | of our Government. The purpose of | the founders was to launch a Govern- | ment that would provide men and womon epportunities for co-operative | development. Recent Trend Cited. Notwithstanding our decades of ! preachments for liberty and oppor- tunity under our democracy, we have not yet wisely co-ordinated attitudes in the absolutely necessary mutual endeavors through which alone the needed results can be secured. In recent years evidence has been un- folding that men and women are becoming more desirous of self- | expression as a means to their social | and economic betterment | Thus have come leaders, insisting on the every-day practice of the theory of democracy, that is, the fulfillment of the contention that the people can wisely govern themselves, if kept truthfully informed. The unfolding of democracy has been dependent upon the correct understanding and Just interpretation of its principles. Associated with this is the willing- ness of all to conform to the changes in the mechanics of adjustment. Interpreted for our times, democracy may be said to be an awakened con- sciousness of the people to their duty to give and take in their recognized | necessity of advancing the eommon ! good, if they would safely advance the good of one unit of society. i A half century ago Thomas Carlyle projected this thought. He asserted that the danger in maintaining the necessary balance in human relations might be that the people would stress opportunities out of proportion to duties. We would de well to reflect on that prophecy in considering our modern-day problems. Condition in 1776. From the historical approach, we #ee in all of its physical aspects our national beginning in the crude equipment of natural resources. In 1776 we had 13 colonies and 4,000,000 population, but a land richly endowed with wonderful resources. Except for & few water wheels, windmills and animals, our whole civilization de- pended upon manpower. The pro- ©cessing of raw materials was by hand. As recently as 60 years ago, we were predominantly an agricultural people, still dependent largely upon hand labor. Then with magic rapidity we plunged dramatically into a romance of power and machines—coal, oil, gas, hydroelectric energy. This was the dawn of the “machine age” Today we have 48 States, a total of 127,- 000,000 people and a technology that looks to a reduction of the muscle load on human beings. We now have at HOW EXPLORER KEEPS COOL IN PANAMA JUNGLE Gregory Mason, uoted jungle ex- plorer, says: “Trudging through tropical wilderness under the scorch- Ing sun, I rely on vitalizing tea to earry me on. Tea steps up my vital- ity—always gives that lasting cool- mess in the most torrid climate.” The difference between tea and other so-called cooling drinks is this: Tea does more than merely quench thirst. Tea actually LOWERS the body temperature. Its coolifg effect s mors LASTING. For full, delicious flavor, select 8 brand of Orange Pekoe from Ceylon, and Java-Sumatra. SECRETARY OF COMMERCE ROPER. our command installed mechanical power to total capacity several times the combined manpower of the whole human race. Particularly, over the past quarter century, our progress has been almost incomprehensible. Our increase in the use of power has been more than 25 times as rapid as the increase in our population, Acceleration of Production. Research and human ingenuity have developed a variety of useful machines and processes to direct this power into thousands of constructive operations. This is reflected in man- ufacturing, agriculture, transporta- tion, merchandising and even in housework. Needless to say this has enormously accelerated the produc- tion and distribution of goods. Coin- cident with this remarkable progress, other changes in our domestic- econ- omy have been coming with breathless speed. We have seen changes in the char- cter of ownership of business; in the growth of great corporate combina- tions covering numerous flelds of production; in the exploitation of the best of our free public domain, and in the disappearance of the easily acces- sible bloom from our natural re- sources. All these things, culminating rap- idly and in unison during recent years, together with the ravages and The Brilliant Mid-Summer Success . . . Hit of All the Mid-Season Paris Showings! Sleek, molten black jersey—unre- lieved except perhaps by a bril- liant clip or sombre sash. Sculp- tured, draping lines when you stand still . . . making every pos- ture beautiful! And a vital living fabric in motion . . . the only in- stance we've ever seen when drap- ing and fullness are slenderizing. ansburghs SEVENTH, EIGHTH ond £ STREETS District 187§ dislocations of the recent depression, have produced new problems. As we look at the more recent part of the picture, certain factors stand out clearly — things requiring ‘most thoughtful consideration. We see, for instance, that, with less than ome- fifteenth of the total world population here in the United States, we have 70 per cent of all the motor vehicles, two-thirds of all the mechanical refrigerators, almost half of all the radios and nearly a third of all the hard-surface roads in the world. Grestest Individual Liberty. Notwithstanding our perplexing problems, we enjoy a degree of indi- vidual liberty and security, unknown in most other countries. These are reflected in freedom of thought, speech, and action; a standard of living for the average citizen far above that attained under any other form of government or any other type of economy—a atandard of living which reaches far beyond our mere physical needs—to almost universal free educational advantages, broad opportunities to enjoy fine music, art, literature, and recreational facilities. In countless ways we are living under happier, more healthful condi- tions than any other people in the world. Our standard of living is higher because of our ability to pro- duce and to purchase. Let us take, for example, a market basket con- taining one pound each of pot roast, bacon, butter, sugar and potatoes; a loaf of bread, a dozen eggs and a quart of milk. The average American industrial worker would have to work twice as long in England; four times as long in Germany and Italy and twelve times as long in Russia than he does in the United States to secure this basket of commodities that we in CHEESE is made even more tasty by GULDENS . Mustard . 16.95 Misses, - Sizes 14 to 20. resses, Snd \ / / this country regard as necessities. In general, this same ratio applies to most of the things we usually consider uu contributing to our standard of ‘This forcefully illustrates the com- parative standards of living among the nations and the advantage en- Joyed by the American worker. It also suggests the immense passibilities of world trade and commerce when and if the purchasing power of the work- ers of other countries reaches a par with that of the people of the United Btates. Necessary Concessions. As soclety has become more intricate and involved and as we have become more dependent upon one another in our extensive civilization, some con- ceasions of liberty on the part of the individual have been necessary for the safety of all. The traffic control on a busy street corner is a simple example of such curtailed liberty. It requires the in- dividual to make some sacrifice in the public interest. In other ways, the interstate commerce laws, restrictions governing the sale of securities, the control of utilities and banks, en- for JULY &, 1937, deavor to curb unrestrained liberties, yet they safeguard and protect large numbers of people in the enjoyment of their rightful liberties. The same neceasity exists in business and in- dustrial affairs and must be met through proper efforts to devise work- able and equitable controls. Under such procedure, the determination of rights must be formulated on the basis of the common good. We must realize that the proper solution. will require time, patiernce and bona fide co-operation. Thus, the basic conditions of our economy need to be well understood. The machine age has increased our capacity to perform work many-fold, and the advance continues. Scientific knowledge is ever accumulating and technical arts are advancing by geo- metric progression. Each new inven- tion lays the groundwork for still others. The movement cannot, and should not, be suppressed or hindered. Our need today is for unselfish busi- ness and industrial leadership—yes, leadership with the vision, patience, tolerance and the will to understand changing conditions—and the courage the to act with rather than against them. Furthermore, leadership of such qual- > L’ ifications is appearing and must not be discouraged by outmoded conceptions. Rightesus Adjustment Seen Problem. Our plan of government and our type of economy have been tested as to their ability to meet our changing needs. Our development of power, of machines and of improved production technique has unquestionably resulted in broad benefit to all of us and has thus been amply justified. The prob- lJem therefore is one of righteous ad- jusument and balance, rather than of trying to resist, delay or control in- evitable trends. The .increasing use of power and machines along with improved tech- nique in production certainly imposes the responsibility upon human leader- ship of dealing efficiently, justly and intelligently with the distribution problems for all society and with the resultant employment situation. The problem of unemployment is national in scope. It is not exclu- sively the responsibility of Federal, State or municipal governments. It is 8 special and direct challenge to lead- ers in industry, labor and agriculture. Labor leaders should work with man- UN - advertised the Store —They Point the agement in the introduction of methods devised by management to reduce costs. Industrial leaders must find ways to advantageouslyl employ more people and then willingly meet their share of the tax burden neces sary to care for the remainder. Ine dustry’s contribution to increased em= ployment from now on must largely be through scientific methods to de- velop new products at prices within reach of the consumer and by im- proved efficiency to reduce the cost and thereby encourage consumption. Those industries that have been suce cessful in the maximum of mechani- zation have, by expanding markets through lowering prices, substantially increased employment. The extent to which these joint responsibilities are met through co-operative efforts look= ing to continuous operations will de- : (Continued on _B-8.) PSYCHIC MESSAGE COUNCIL 1100 12th St. N.W. or. of 12th and L P.M. DAILY $1 from 11 a.m. CIRCLES: Private Interv; DELONG—Reader 1 5234 Wood Poster BED GROUP 8.75 Wednesday Only! ® Walnut, Maple or Mahogany Finish Bed ® Tailored Innerspring Mattress ® Stabilized Coil Spring A value you just have to look at—to realize its extraordinary savings. A bed outfit you just have to sleep in— to appreciate its restful character. Bed is 7-ply veneer in mahogany, maple or walnut ‘finish . . . sizes 3'3”, 4, 4'6”. Plus a non-sag coil spring and well made Innerspring mattress. Complete for 18.75. Lansburgh’s—Third Floor. 3 Famous Brands! ‘SHEETS 1.00 j Wednesday Only! ® Mohawk, Cannon, White Beauty @ Sizes 72x99, 72x108, 81x99 Inches ursday these great named sheets go back to 512{: reg)\'flnr prices. 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