Evening Star Newspaper, July 6, 1937, Page 10

A—10 5 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY _________________ July 6, 1937 THEODORE W. NOYES Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. 11th St and Pennsylvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Ohicago Office: North Michizan Ave, Rate by Carrier—City and Suburban, Reguar Edition. ening and Sunday Star e s a0 e reontn or 156 per week “« Evening Star e i5¢ per month or 10c per week n ’day Star ___ OS¢ per copy Night Final Editien, Fight ¥inal and Suncay Star--_ 70C per month Night Pinal Star__ 5¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month or each week. Orders may be sent by mall or tele- hone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia, Daily and Sunday. 4 1 Daily only Sunday only mo., 00: 1 mo. 85¢ L 50, $4.00; 1 mo.. 0 40c All Otker States and Canada, Daily #nd Sunday. L yr. $13.00: 1 mo. §1.00 St Daily on. $8.00: 1 mo.,” 75c Sunday ani $5.00i 1 mo. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited fo it or not otherwise credited n this Dapér And also the local news published herein, All righis of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. Why Not Reconsider? Nine of the Senate District Commit- tee's full membership of fifteen are re- ported to have been present and voting on inclusion in the District tax bill of the obnoxious land tax provision. The vote was six to three. In contrast, the proposal to hook on to the tax bill as an amendment Sena- tor Tydings' resale price maintainence measure—which has no earthly connec- tion with the local tax problem—brought a voting attendance of twelve Senators. The amendment was adopted by a vote of eleven to one. Senator King cast the sole dissenting vote. Local taxes, in other words, merely affect the voteless people of the District. There is no national question involved, except when certain principles of taxa- tion are dragged in by the neck and waved around for the enjoyment of voters back home. But when a national question is in- volved, such as the Tydings amendment giving full Federal sanction and co- operation to States which have enacted legislation against price mark-downs of commodities bearing the manufacturer's trade mark and sold at standard prices, there is no lack of attendance or of interest on the part of the Senators. The same thing has been shown hundreds of times in both houses of Congress. And the District suffers as a result. It is now threatened with grave injury through the tax bill and the rea- son for this threat, fundamentally, is the lack of interest on the part of the Senators who have drawn up the Sen- ate version. The Senators have not had, as yet, opportunity to regard their handi- work. They merely voted on principles and left the wording of the bill to the legislative draftsmen. Copies of the bill, as this is written, are not available. It is difficult to believe that the Sena- tors were fully aware of the damaging aspects of the land tax provision in- serted in the bill. It is difficult to be- lieve that there are as many as six mem- bers of the Senate District Committee willing thus to subscribe through the back door to a curious modification of the single tax theory—adopting with only routine attention a measure that was advanced half facetiously in the House and previously had received no serious attention from any source. Senator King is represented as being bitterly disappointed in the bill. He has reason to be, but not so bitterly disappointed as are the people of the District. There is slight chance that the bill can be taken up by the Senate to- day. There is little chance of its con- gideration tomorrow. Is there not still time for the Senate District Committee to hold another meeting for the purpose of examining, with a full membership present, the land tax proposal? Nothing except confusion and injury to the people of the District will be gained by hasty disposal of meas- ures which, though they affect Quly the people of the District, do so vitally affect them. —— ‘When other large cities get through with plans for managing their police they may spare some attention to the eccentricities of personal conduct with which men in and about the Nation's Capital are charged. One of the hard- ships a nation’s capital has to face is a mixture of motives, originally high, yet carrying elements of self interest which sooner or later obscure their purpose. e No Stepladder. Dr. Arthur E. Morgan is a philosopher. Before President Roosevelt drafted him to be chairman of the Tennessee Valley Authority he was executive head of Antioch College. Still earlier he won an international reputation as an engineer, specializing in flood control work. He 15, then, possessed of a scientific and culturai background of exceptional im- portance. Among his fellow New Deal- ers he perhaps might claim to be better read and more widely experienced than the average. It therefore is interesting to notice that he does not share the heady dreams of some of his associates. Speaking to the St. Louis Brageh of the English- Bpeaking Union recently, he declared: “Utopia is not going to come from laws and governmental forms. No single for- mula has yet been found for the crea- tion of a pattern of successful living. Bimply increasing the physical resources of wealth is not enough. The quality ‘of social changes we make is not going to depend on laws and governmental structure, but in the long run the qual- ity of living is going to be that of in- dividuals, the family, the neighborhood. The individual must maintain his own {deas of fairness in his business, his labor relations, in his administration of gov- ernment. He should not come down to the levels of others, fighting fire with fire and erookedness with crookedness.” Were Dr. Morgan a Russian, Stalin \ probably would order him before the firing squad. Herbert Hoover was retired to private life for hinting at the same idea; namely, that there is no step- ladder for the easy attainment of heaven. The New Deal and the voters supporting it have been quite definitely contrary-minded. Mr. Roosevelt re- peatedly has insisted that he will not compromise. His doctrine has been rigid. Likewise, it has been confident. It has promised “a more abundant life” to “the lowest one-third of the popula- tion.” Plainly, too, it has persistently pro- ceeded toward its anrounced objective, There is no efficiency in anybody at- tempting to deny ithat it has been “a peaceful revolution.” The President himself employed the phrase in his first inaugural address and has reiterated it again and again. But the scheme is not Justifying its press agentry. Dr. Morgan realizes that it has accomplished only a small part of its purpose. He sees that it has been expensive and deceptive. So he warns the public that a retreat is necessary, The people, he says in effect, must solve their own problems. Not even a benefi- cent dictator can heave them into para- dise. The sooner they understand that, the better. s Partition of Palestine. Future historians, if impending British plans materialize, will say of Palestine as was said of “all Gaul'—that it is di- vided into three parts. A partitioning program splitting the country into a Jewish state, an Arab state and a British-mandated area is about to be promulgated. Thus the first steps will be taken drastically to alter the status of the Jewish national homeland estab- lished by the Balfour Declaration in 1917. While the London scheme is an am- bitious attempt to solve the problem created by Arab-Jewish differences, which have led to sanguinary clashes and continuous political and economic unrest, it is by no means certain that chronic strife now will give way to durable peace. Indeed, early indications are that the partition of Palestine may provide Great Britain with a Near East- ern Ireland and provoke the same sort of perennial conflict as marks the rela- tions of the Free State with Ulster. The plan is the fruit of the royal commission appointed to investigate the situation caused by Arab hostility to Jewish immigration and land ownership. It is expected that the Jewish state will comprise the upper and lower Galilee Valley, the Mediterranean coastal plain and the towns of Haifa, Safad, Acre and Tiberias. The British area would in- clude Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Naz- areth and a corridor on either side of the Jerusalem-Jaffa road which would give the Arabs access to the sea at the port of Jaffa. The rest of the country would constitute an Arab state joined to Transjordan, British-mandated territory, to the west. Some 250.000 Arabs live within the boundaries of the proposed Jewish state and many thousands in the four cities to remain under British control. Conscious of irreconcilable racial animosities, Great Britain plans to ten- der to Jewish and Arab organizations treaties which would in effect guarantee the independence of the two new states. The Palestinian partition requires as- sent of the League of Nations' Mandates Commission. Theoretically, approval of the United States is also needed, under the Anglo-American pact of 1924, where- by this country became a tacit party to foundation of the Jewish national home. Zionists do not greet the arrangement with enthusiasm. It circumscribes thefr ancient dreams of an all-Jewish Pal- estine, takes Jerusalem from their juris- diction, cuts them off from Transjordania and leaves them to deal with a large Arab minority. The militant Arab in- dependence leader in Palestine, the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, opposes partition because it would reduce him to the status of a religious figure and transfer Moslem political power to the Emir of Transjordania. The British are reported to be considering deportation of the grand mufti as soon as the tri- partite project is launched. Stirring events are likely in the Holy Land before this latest flower of John Bull's genius for compromise fully unfolds. ———. It is perhaps too bad that Lady Astor could not have remained longer and be heard more frequently. She has a way of forgetting disagreeable details and carrying old reminders of good will in a way that makes them seem related to the future rather than to the past. o The quotability of Shakespeare serves many purposes. In a consideration of strikers and non-strikers “a plague o’ both your houses” finds a distinguished and sincere modern utterance. The Gypsy Nation. Nobody knows very much about the gypsies. Even to themselves they are a mystery. From the beginning of re- corded history up to the present moment they have been wanderers. Like the Jews, they have been a scattered people. But despite their migratory habit they have maintained their nationality. In Warsaw the other day they elected a new king—one Janus Kwiek by name, a boiler-maker by profession. And the new monarch wants a royal realm over which to rule. He told news- papermen at his first press conference: “I intend to ask Premier Mussolini to authorize a mass emigration by gypsies to Ethiopia.” Apparently, he visions a homeland for his subjects—in effect, a nation, with a capital, halls of legisla- tion and administration, temples of jus- tice, schools, penitentiaries, debts, po- litical parties, elections in the modern democratic manner and all the other trappings and appurtenances of a con- temporary state. Eventually, he might develop even such distinctive assets as Egyptian equivalents of the Wagner act and the C.I. O, not to mention s culture including features comparable with THE EVENING STAR, trallers and bazookas, the numbers racket and boondoggling. He would need, of course, the assistance of helpers with the genius of James A. Parley, Mae West, Governor George H. Earle and the Marx Brothers, but the problem would not be insoluble—the younger genera- tion of his race is reported to belleve in reform and to be avid for the changes and chances of a New Deal. Meanwhile, much will depend upon “the power behind the throne,” father- in-law of the king's predecessor, who declares: “I prefer to be dictator.” The boller-maker may be another Henry Pu Yi. He wears his crown, sits upon his gilded throne, but, whether established in Abyssinia or constantly “on the road,” he must consult with Thirty Elders, rep- resenting thousands of gypsies in many different countries. Perhaps, his youth- ful followers may have to be content with the lot of their ancestors—nomadic life and beggary. Yet, even so, they ought ot to be disconsolate. Their race has survived hardship in the past; it might survive it in the future. Liberty, any- way, is more important than prosperity, et A schoolboy managed to get an ab- struse problem before Einstein, who de- cided that it could use both a plus and a minus sign in indicating a solution. The decision calls for more mathematical knowledge than is available to the aver- age student, but 5o do some of the eco- nomic problems now casually presented for solution. —————s One of the things Lindbergk did to show that he knew a great deal about flying has been to conduct it in as pri- vate a fashion as possible. The Ppublicity he has had has been in a large measure forced on him and he has chosen to regard the attitudes of the public as not being helpful to his own. . A state of society is sought at present which will permit young people who wish to get married and live happily ever after a fair chance to realize a simple and honest ideal of living regardless of what some of the monetary experts may have to say in the matter. — A sit-down strike is studied as a viola- tion of the law. As the study of modern conditions goes on every kind of strike calls for minute consideration as an in- fluence in obstructing the purposes of the founders of the American Republic. S en U Chancellor Hitler and Premier Musso- lini both hold titles that remain im- pressive, but they do not imply freedom from the responsibilities which auto- matically arise when men undertake to handle other people’s money, —_— e If the hope of Amelia Earhart's res- cue is realized, she should join in the prayers of gratitude and add her great influence in aviation to the restraint of spectacular flying. —— e The weather has been remarkable and even in so great a question as that of aviation it has asserted a right to be considered with earnest care, Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. In the Land of Never Mind. In the land of Never Mind We will leave all care behind. So we journey with a smile On the road of “After While." As we travel day by day, Wearisome becomes the way. And we linger to inquire Of the land that we desire. There no sorrowing we'll hear, Only songs will greet the ear, As we banish all distress To a glad forgetfulness. No one finds this realm of rest; Yet each: journeys in the quest, Hoping sweet relief to find In that dreamland, “Never Mind.” Asking a Great Deal. “Everybody should know how to sing ‘The Star Spangled Banner.'” “That's right in theory,” replied Sen- ator Sorghum. “As a matter of fact, it would require a good many of us to devote an enormous amount of time to taking music lessons.” Jud Tunkins says nobody has yet in- vented a kind of holiday that doesn’t send & man home more tired than as if he had done a day’s work. Commercialized Combatance. Men fear that war will never shrink From view. The reason is That certain people seem to think They need it in their biz. “I understand your wife wouldn't per- mit you to carry a latchkey when you were first married.” “That's all over with,” replied Mr. Meekton. “Henrietta doesn’t care whether I have a latchkey or not. I always stay in the house nights to let her in when she comes home.” “Patience too long maintained,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “instead of being a virtue may become an un- fortunate habit.” What He Made. He never made a buckle, He never made a shoe And yet he stops to chuckle At the work that men must do. He never used & hammer, He never held a saw, But he often paused to clamor On the prophets and the law. “What have you made?” we queried. “That thus you proudly walk?” He answered, rather wearied, “I've made a lot of talk.” “When you gits into a fight foh nuffin,” said Uncle Eben, “you don’t show de sense of a prize fighter who at least gits paid foh amusin’ de spectators.” WASHINGTON THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. Washington has waited five months for the Senate debate on the President’s program to revamp the Supreme Court. It has had to wait because obviously the administration forces were not strong enough to force the issue successfully, and not being strong, were unwilling to hurry the bill along. Chairman Ashurst of the Senate Judiciary Committee com- mented time and again during the early months of the bill's life that he was per- fectly willing to wait; that time was the ally of the President in this fight. Mr. Ashurst, however, appears to have been mistaken. The opposition has grown stronger instead of weaker. And even now, when the administration is about to take the plunge and ask to have the bill taken up for consideration in the Upper House, it is not the President's original bill it hopes to put through, but & compromise. * x ¥ * Unless there is some last-minute change of plans, Senator Robinson of Arkansas, the Democratic leader, will move today to take up the President's bill, which has been adversely reported by the Judiclary Committee. There is the suggestion, however, that the debate may be delayed until Thursday. The reason given being that there is to be an all-American base ball game played here Wednesday—certainly a major rea- son for delaying the consideration of the most important measure that has come before the Senate in years. The opposi- tion can have no specal reason for re- sisting the delay. As the senatorial op- ponents see it, the longer the bill is left hanging fire, the better they are pleased. * x % % Some of the supporters of the com- promise bill, among them Senator Logan of Kentucky, are suggesting that the opponents of the bill are really seeking to wrest control of the Democratic party from the President and his New Deal following. In other words, they argue that the contest is merely political. This the Democratic opponents of the meas- ure insist is all poppycock. Senators Wheeler of Montana, Burke of Nebraska and other Democrats who are opposed to the court bill and to any compromise ask, quite sensibly, what earthly reason they could have for desiring to disrupt the Democratic party. What they are opposing is the disruption of the Amer- ican form of government—with the executive dominating the judiciary. As the plans for this long debate— presumably long—are being made, it seems clear that there will be consider- able bitterness engendered before it is all over. It will take more than a day's visit to Jefferson Island to heal the ‘sores, in all probability. And if the President loses in this contest, what then? It is becoming more and more evident that if the President wins, it will be through a process of attrition, of wearing down the opposition by long day and night sessions, with tempers on edge. The opposition is well organized and determined. It can play this game as well as the administration forces. Decidedly the ramifications of this strug- gle may have considerable political effect. * X ok X If the administration was willing to let the court bill—which is decidedly unpopular with millions of Americans— slide, all of this unpleasantness in Dem- ocratic ranks could be avoided. But the President, despite the favorable rulings of the Supreme Court in the Wagner labor relations act cases and in other New Deal measures, is unwilling to side track the court bill, even to avoid this unpleasantness. He has now the op- portunity of appointing one new asso- clate justice of the Supreme Court—to fill the Van Devanter vacancy. It may be presumed that within & comparatively short time other members of the court will take advantage of the new retire- ment act, put through Congress at the present session, the Sumners act. The President, however, is unwilling to admit defeat. The compromise plan to which he has apparently agreed after being informed by his leaders that the original bill could not pass the Senate, may not be to his liking, but at least it is something. It is really more than & face-saving substitute. For it will give him the opportunity, if it is put through, to name three new justices to the court within a very few months—including the successor to Associate Justice Van De- vanter, *x ok X & Many of the Senate Democrats who are likelv to vote for the compromise bill have no love for the measure. They are reluctant and have been reluctant to go into this fight for months. There is no enthusiasm for the measure. Sen- ator Ashurst, chairman of the Judiciary Committee, ever since the President sent the bill to the Senate has pro- claimed loudly his support of the meas- ure. But he is an exception, he and a few of the more ardent New Dealers. Even Senator Norris of Nebraska has admitted he did not like the President's bill—but has said that he would vote for it if nothing better could be had. 8o when the court bill supporters charge the bill's opponents with disrupting the Democratic party, it is quite natural that the latter should retort that it is the insistence of the former on passing this bill which is causing all the trouble. The opponents of the bill might, 1f they desired, force a long debate on the motion to call the bill up. It is the kind of thing that might easily be undertaken by a determined group of filibustering Senators. One of the most effective filibusters ever undertaken in the Senate was against an anti-lynching bill, en- gineered by a group of Southern Demo- crats. The bill was never taken up for consideration. The filibusters fought over the reading of the daily journal of the Senate and its adoption and all kinds of parliamentary motions were made. * ok % % ‘The present situation over the court bill is reminiscent of the long fight waged in the Senate over the Versailles treaty and the League of Nations covenant. How the opposition grew in strength is a matter of past history. But Wood- row Wilson was unwilling to agree to any compromise and to accept the so- called “mild reservations” which might have insured success for him and put the United States squarely into the League. President Roosevelt has ap- parently come around to the view that a compromise—especially such a com- promise as now dished up—is better than insisting that there shall be no change —not even the dotting of an i or the crossing of a t—in his original court bill. * K ok X The administration and some of its supporters, including Governor Earle of Pennsylvania, have recently realized that its course with regard to sit-down strikes and the strikes conducted in the steel industry to prevent the operation of the mills even by men who desire to work is making them unpopular. A decidedly different tone is sounded. They are be- ginning to talk about law and order and to deprecate violence, the seizure of property by strikers and to urge that the Communistic leaders in the -C. I. O. have their wings clipped. There is noth- ing so powerful—still—in this country as public opinion. And public opinion has grown more and more adverse to the tactics efl the extremists among the C, 1. O. ledders and their followers. So the D. C, TUESDAY, JULY 6, 1937. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Bluejays jaywalking in the street gave the avenue a different look that morn- ing. Two of these handsome birds evidently had found something to eat there. Regardless of whizzing automobiles, they managed to get what they were after before giving over the attempt. It looked as if one of the cars might get one of the birds, but just in time the jay deftly lifted itself into the air. One often wiii see a bird of some kind dart across a street, seeming to miss a car by a few feet. Occasionally a pigeon gets struck, being a heavy bird, and somewhat clumsy flyer until high in the air. Few smaller birds are in much danger unless they insist on putting them- selves into the jaywalker class. Yet out in the suburban districts, where many and great trees line each side of the streets, birds fly across thoroughfares time after time, often just ahead of onrushing cars. - It would seem as if good fortune helps them more than brains; they can have no real idea of the speeds they are deal- ing with, in darting in front of motor cars, any more than scores of human beings seem to have any genuine idea of how many feet a car can cover at a speed of 35 or 40 miles per hour. oK oK % Bluejays and pigeons might seem miles apart, in many respects, but in a few they very much resemble each other. Each wants what it wants. A bluejay goes after food in a de- termined manner, and so does a pigeon. No matter how much & bird en- thusiast may admire pigeons, in their many varieties, he finds them rather disconcerting if he takes up the sport of bird feeding. Feeding the wild birds, which come as free as the air, is one thing; feeding somebody else's pigeons is distinctly another. No matter how secluded one's garden, the pigeons will find it out. If only three or four of them come they are bearable. At the worst they will not eat more than half of all the food put out. (Well, maybe about seven- eighths of it!) If half a dozen to a dozen pigeons spot the supply they will consume prac- tically all the food put out. Neither they nor the bluejays, as far as our observations go, will drive away other birds. Nor do the jays eat much. Seldom will they stay at a feeding sta- tion, even if peanuts are put out, for more than half an hour at a time. They love to fly, to stretch their wings for far places. The pigeons, however, are in & class by themselves, when it comes to gobbling all the seed and grain intended for the small birds, the true wild birds which delight so many people. * x x % In feeding the cardinals, sparrows, chickadees, mockingbirds and the like, the person concerned is feeding crea- tures which belong to nobody except their Maker. STARS, MEN Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. When a gigantic meteor hits the earth what happens to it? This question was tentatively answered before the American Association for the Advancement of Science last week by Drs. John D. Boon and Claude C. Albritton, Jjr, of Southern Methodist University. They made a special study of the famous meteor crater in Arizona. In the past it has been assumed that under this crater, possibly at a great depth, there was an enormous chunk of iron which fell from the skies in the relatively recent past—although possibly before North America was inhabited. All efforts to find this iron have failed. There have been several efforts, due partly to the fact that it might be ex- pected to contain diamonds. The enor- mous heating and sudden cooling of a “shooting star” furnish exactly the right conditions for the formation of these gems. The Texas geologist also stressed that while it may logically be assumed that the earth has been bombarded with meteors since the beginning of its history, no really ancient ones ever have been found. The reason is, they believe, that & shooting star big enough to reach the earth’s surface would be smashed to bits by the explosion following the im- pact. If made of iron these fragments would be destroyed by rust. If of stone, the fine pebbles resulting would probably be indistinguishable. As for the Arizona meteorite, they said, a consideration of the physics in- .volved makes it highly improbable that even a considerable fragment of it ever will be found. Such a body weighing thousands of tons, they pointed out, might hit the surface of the earth at a speed of 50 miles a second. Studies of high speed projectiles dur- ing the World War, Dr. Boon said, showed that if a bullet is moving at a speed slightly greater than a half mile a second it explodes when it strikes a target. It is shattered to bits regard- less of the angle at which it strikes a resisting object. Hence, he reasoned, certainly a meteorite traveling at a rate of 40 miles a second would explode when it strikes the earth. Such craters as the spectacular Arizona crater resemble nothing more than giant shell holes. With this thought in mind we can realize why magnetic surveys and bore holes have failed to locate a large meteorite beneath meteor crater. The crater- forming meteorites were simply exploded, backfired and shattered to bits when they struck. Little wonder that some of these fragments have been found as far as six miles away. “Evidently when a giant meteorite hits it penetrates the earth for a short dis- tance, like an air gun bullet penetrating a piece of cheese. Then it explodes. By the time the projectile has been brought to a standstill it will have lost all its energy of motion. This energy will have been transformed and stored in a thin zone of highly compressed ma- terial which has been driven down in front of thé projectile’s nose. It is possible to show that this compacted material will be momentarily subjected to pressures of several tens of millions of atmospheres. A moment later this material will expand, and with explosive violence. On the surface we see the results of this explosion in shattered rocks and piles of ejected materials that rim the craters. “But not all the effects are super- —_— administration is becoming more vocal. The disregard of courts and court orders during the sit-down strikes in the early part of the year had a good deal to do with the growth of the opposition to the President’s court bill. The ad- ministration said nothing at that time, and Senators did not like the implica- tion. () But in being forced to feed pigeons, at the same time, and out of the same tray, the gardener is simply feeding some other human’s pets. They are, too, extremely dirty birds. Even the government at Berlin recently had to forbid people feeding them in the public places, owing to the damage they were doing. A great deal of pother has been set up about the starlings, in this respect, but they must take a back seat, as the old saying had it, in com- parison with the pigeons. No one can blame Nature’s creatures, of course; they know no better; what- ever fault is theirs, as mankind regards them, is simply due to their hearty and somewhat gross habits. ‘The pigeon, in most of its species, is & very large bird. It cannot class with the dainty chickadee, the charming blue- bird. It is a gross sort of creature, a heavy feeder, one with many of the good and bad points of size. In flying down to a feeding station, which they do as regularly as clock- work, once they have located one which is kept filled, they always take a perch on house or garage, to see if the coast is clear. This wariness cannot be held against them, but it is one of their worst points, because so habitual. X ok Kk Perhaps as good & way as any of solv- ing the pigeon problem is to become actively interested in them. Perhaps not to the point of keeping them, but at least to that of reading and studying them. Tt is an amazing thing how often a little book acquaintance can take out the sting.. The pigeon family is a great one. ‘There must be several hundred different species of pigeons, ranging from the homers to the modenas, with all sorts of frills, feathers, chests, habits, colors, shapes and so on. Doves are just daintier sorts of Ppigeons, belonging to the same group. * x % x Even that goose, or whatever it is, in the yard at Dupont Circle, has to bow to the determination and brain power of the pigeons. A gentleman going by the other day gave Osgood, such is the creature’s name, a handful of food. No sooner had he started to eat than a pigeon flew down. Probably it had been waiting in the trees just for this hour. Osgood was furious and had no trouble at all in driving the interloper away. Down came two pigeons, then three, then four. Osgood did not drive them away. Evi- dently he was afraid of them in number. He switched his stubby tail in great anger—— But the pigeons got all the food. They are hard to hold down, these pigeons. They have intelligence, de- termination, size and power, all qual- ities needed in the race of life, and per- haps more so today than ever in his- tory, both by birds and humans. AND ATOMS ficial. The rocks immediately beneath the exploded meteorite receive a down- ward kick just as mighty as the upward one which hurled tons of material from the crater. The lower rocks, however, will not be shattered because shattering results in an increase in volume and they have no room to expand. Rather they will be powerfully compressed. Then, as the materials above them are blown away, they will rebound upwards. Tension features developed during the upward rebound will cause the rocks directly beneath the crater to become fixed, or frozen, while they are bulged up in the form of a dome. This explains why the rim rocks about meteor crater slant away from the hole rather than dip toward it. Moreover, it has been possible to judge from the tilt of the rocks about this crater that the me- teorite came in from the north. Rocks on the south side are tilted at high angles so that they stand nearly ver- tical. The situation is as though these rocks had been hinged or pried back by the meteorite falling along a path which slanted down from the north.” This up-bending of the rocks, he ex- plained, probably extends downward to depths comparable to the diameters of the craters. This is approximately a mile, in the case of the Arizona crater. Hence if the area all around, in the course of hundreds of centuries, should be planed down to sea level the doming would still be apparent. There are several of such ancient domes on the Gulf coastal plain of North America, he sald, which ‘hitherto have been inexplicable to geologists. Such domes, he said, may constitute untapped storehouses of oil and natural gas, Good Wishes. Prom the Shreveport Journal. A New York landlord celebrated his golden wedding anniversary by notifying 25 tenants he had forgotten the rent for this month. And all of them hope | he'll live to celebrate many more such occasions, e Nothing New. Prom the Oklahoma City Times. Scientists didn't discover anything new when they put lubricating oil under pressure and it came out hard as iron. Our politicians always have known how to put banana oil between blocs and convert it into brass! Plenty of Drama. From the Omaha World-Herald. Helen Hayes bemoans the slump in the supply of drama in this country. 8he’s thinking of the stage; if she would read the papers she would find an oversupply. Barbarians. From the South Bend Tribune. The report that New York city racket- eers are selling W. P. A. jobs for $10 each probably will not be minimized by the German Nazi press, which is de- termined to prove that New Yorkers are barbarians. ] A Punching Bag. Prom the Grand Rapids Press. Edward still serves England. When English statesmen are infuriated by Ger- many and Italy, they can relieve their feelings by taking another crack at him. e Converse Not Proved. Prom the Lowell Leader. Prison makes bad men worse, says 8 well-known doctor. But unfortunately, it s difficult to prove that freedom re- forms them. A / ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How does Lou Chiozza, third base- man for the Giants, pronounce his name?—E. H. A. The correct pronunciation is Key- -ot-zah, with the accent on the second syllable. Q. In what Barrie plays did Maude Adams star?—J. L. A. The actress played in “The Little Minister,” “Peter Pan,” “Quality Street,” “What Every Woman Knows,” “The Legend of Leonora” and “A Kiss for Cinderella.” Q. Where is the largest collection of cigar-store Indians?—J. K. A. The largest and most famous col= lection in the country belongs to Dudley A. Waters of Grand Rapids, Mich. Q. What State collects the most money in sales taxes?—F, H, W, A. In 1936 California ranked first in sales tax collections, with a total of over $70 00. Illinois was second with re- ceip.. of over $61,000,000, and Michigan third with over $45,000,000. Q. What was the cost of the news- paper advertising used in the Old Gold contest?—E, H. A. Newspaper advertising for the con- test cost $1,000.000. Q. How many Hi-Lis have been sold? G. F.D. A. Figures as to total sales of the new game are not available. Over 2= 000,000 Hi-Lis were sold in Chicago in a six weeks' drive last year, however, and more than 1,500,000 in the first two weeks of a drive in New York City this year. Q. Is it true that one can make a good living by placer gold mining?—W. H. A. In a survey made by the W. P. A's National Research Project on Re-em- ployment Opportunities it was found that in 1935 as many as 28000 placer gold miners sold some gold, but their earnings were pitifully small. They worked an average of 43 days during the year and grossed an average of only $1.60 for each working day. Thousands who prospected without success could not be checked in this survey because no sales to bullion dealers were recorded by them. The study covers placer min- ing in 17 States. Q. Has the farm population increased or decreased this year?—W. H A. It has decreased. On January 1, 1937, there was a farm population of 31,729.000 persons, while at the same time last year there were 31,809,000 per- sons on farms. Q. Where is Kentucky's new reform- atory to be located?—C. H. W A. The new institution to replace the Kentucky State Reformatory at Frank- fort is to be located at La Grange, about 30 miles east of Louisville. Twenty- eight hundred and fifty acres of land have been purchased there. Q. What was the earliest course in Jjournalism in the United States?—E. H. A.In 1869 R. E. Lee, then president of Washington College, now Washington and Lee University, inaugurated what were known as press scholarships. Gen. Lee informed the board of trustees that June that “a limited number of boys can receive instruction in the printing office of Messrs. Lafferty & Co., in this town. without charge or cost to the col- lege.” The scholarships announced that Summer, not to exceed 50, were to in- clude tuition and all college charges; and a condition was atached to the ef- fect that each student should labar one hour per day in the line of his profes- sion. Q. Is there an association of men’s garden clubs?—J. K. A. The Men's Garden Clubs of Amer- ica is a national organization. It pub- lishes a bulletin and will convene at Lancaster, Pa., July 16 and 17. Q. How much money is spent in this country on cancer research?—R. B. A. It is estimated that a maximum total of $700,000 is spent on cancer re- search in the United States each year. Q. What is an orgatron?—C. H. A. It is an electronic instrument in- vented by the late Frederick Albert Hoschke of South Haven, Mich. The orgatron looks, sounds and is played like an organ, but has no pipes. Its source of tone consists of free vibrating reeds of brass similar to those used in the old-fashioned harmoniums and melodions. Q. Who invented codeball?—J. P. A. Codeball came into existence in 1927 as the invention of Dr. William E. Code of Chicago. The first demanstra- tion of the game was given at the Lake Shore Athletic Club in that city the following year. The game now has more than 50,000 followers. Q. What percentage of all the rayon manufactured is produced in the United States, Japan and Great Britain?—H. W. A. Japan produces 25 per cent of the world output; the United States, 22 per cent, and Great Britain, 11 per cent. Q. Do the red blood cells contain elec- tricity?—H. M. A. Each of the red blood cells can- tains a charge of electricity. Scientists of the Biological Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, have meas- ured this charge and find that there is enough electricity in the blood cells of 4 grown man to light a 25-watt bulb for five minutes. Q. Was there a famous sculptor named Barye?—E. J. H. A. Antoine Louis Barye was a noted French sculptor. In 1831 he exhibited his widely known “Tiger Tearing a Crocodile,” and in 1832 his more famous “Lion Battling With a Serpent,” which secured for him the Cross of the Legion of Honor. He excelled in accurate de- lineation of the anatomy, character and movements of animals. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. A Rainbow. After the downpour, rain and sunlight blended, A flood uproarious. Across the heavens its flaming way it wended, Prismatic, glorious. A radiant arch thru which God’s love descended To give reality To His great covenant of hope, extended For all mortality. [ b