Evening Star Newspaper, May 24, 1937, Page 6

Five Other Golfers Liked as Championship Play Gets Under Way. PITTSBURGH FIELD CLUB, As- pinwall, Pa., May 24 —The Twentieth Professional Golfers’ Association championship started under a bril- liant sun at the Field Club this morn- ing with six players, including De- fending Champion Denny Shute of Boston, favored to win. The first 18 holes of the 36-hole qualifying round was on today's schedule. The second qualifying round ‘will be played tomorrow, with the low 63 players and Shute, who does not have to quality, advancing into match- play. The other five betting favorities, sll at 20-1, were Sam Snead, White Sulphur Springs, W. Va.; Johnny Revolta, Evanston, Ill.; Harry Cooper and Horton Smith, Chicago, and Henry Picard, Hershey, Pa. Picard’s approach was short on the par 4 first and he then three-putted for & 6. The lanky star settled down %o par figures for the next five holes. Former Champions Gene Sarazen and Tommy Armour were even par for three holes, Sarazen laying a pitch stiff on the second for a birdie 3 to offset the 5 his three putts brought on the first. Armour, with a 5 on the first, evened up with birdie 4 on the third. Clarence Owens, Greenville, 8. C., set the early nine-hole pace with an even par 36. After taking & 5 on the first, Paul Runyan, White Plains, N. Y, got birdies on the fourth and fifth, and was 1 better than par for six holes. Leo Diegel, Philadelphia, holed a #2-footer for a birdie 3 on the second - to nullify a 5 on the first, and then yolled in an 18-foot sidehiller for a irdie 3 on nine, to turn in a 35, 1 Munder par. Picard had a 38, after a «deuce on the short fourth. Armour %ook & 6 on the par 5 fifth and had s on eight and nine for a 38, Message I '(Continued From First Page.) — 4 small minority, the whole story of f our Nation proves that social progress has too often been fought by them, In actual practice it has ! been effectively advanced only by the passage of laws by State Legislatures or the National Con- gress. Today, you and I are pledged to + take further steps to reduce the ! lag in the purchasing power of in- dustrial workers and to strengthen and stabilize the markets for the " farmers’ products. The two go . hand in hand. Each depends for ! its effectiveness upon the other. Both working simultaneously will open new outlets for productive capital. Our Nation so richly en- dowed with natural resources and with a capable and industrious population should be able to devise ways and means of insuring to all our able-bodied working men and women & fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work. A self-supporting and self-respecting democracy can plead no justification for the ex- istence of child labor, no economic reason for chiseling workers' wages or stretching workers’ hours. Enlightened business is learning that competition ought not to cause bad social consequences which inevitably react upon the profits of business itself. All but the hopelessly reactionary will agree that to conserve our pri- mary resources of manpower, Government must have some con- . trol over maximum hours, mini- * mum wages, the evil of child labor and the exploitation of unorgan- ized labor, i Refers to Old Opinion. f Nearly 20 years ago in his dis- | senting opinion in Hammer vs. - Dagenhart, Mr. Justice Holmes expressed his views as to the power * of the Congress to prohibit the shipment in interstate or foreign commerce of the product of the labor of children in factaries be- + low what Congress then deemed ' to be civilized social standards. Surely the experience of the last 20 years has only served to rein- I force the wisdom and the right- ness of his views. And, surely if he was right about the power of the Congress over the work of chil- dren in factories, it is equally right that the Congress has the power . over decent weges and hours in those same factories. He said: ] “I had thought that the pro- ! priety of the exercise of & power admitted %o exist in some cases was for the consideration of Congress alone and that this court always had disuvowed the right to intrude its judgment upon questions of policy or morals, It is not for this | oourt to pronounce when prohibi~ ' tion is necessary to regulation if it ' ever may be necessary—to say that it is permissible as against strong ' drink but not as against the prod- uct of ruined lives. “The act does not meddle with anything belonging to the States. They may regulate their internal affairs and their domestic com- merce as they like. But when they seek to send their products across the State line, they are no longer within their rights. If there were no Constitution and no Congress their power to cross the line would depend upon their neighbors. Under the Constitu- tion such commerce belongs not to the States, but to Congress to regulaie. It may carry out its views of public policy whatever in- direct effect they may have upon the activities of the States, In- stead of being encountered by s ‘prohibitive tariff at her boundaries the State encounters the public policy of the United States which it is for Congress to express. The public policy of the United States is shaped with a view to the benefit of the Nation as a whole. ¢ ¢ * The national welfare as understood by Congress may re- quire a different attitude within its sphere from that of some self- seeking State. It seems to me en- tirely constitutional for Congress to enforce its understanding by all the means at its command.” f Declared Impractical Distinctions. Mr. Justice Brandeis, Mr. Justice Clark and Mr. Justice McKenna agreed. A majority of the Supreme Court, however, decided 5-4 against Mr. Justice Holmes and laid down & rule of constitutional law which has ever since driven into imyrace tical distinctions ‘sll* attempts to assert the fundamental power of . No “just for fun” duel was this, with Robert Joils in Los Angeles for a place on the Los Angeles with dared steel and with no protection above their waists, blood.” the national Government over in- terstate commerce. But although Mr. Justice Holmes spoke for & minority of the Su- preme Court he spoke for a ma- Jority of the American people. One of the primary purposes of the formation of our Federal Union was to do away with the trade barriers between the States. To the Congress, and not to the States, was given the power to regulate commerce among the seve eral States. Congress cannot in= terfere in local affairs, but when goods paess through the channels of commerce from one State to another they become subject to the power of the Congress, and the Congress may exercise that power to recognize and protect the funda= mental interests of free labor. And so to protect the funda- mental interests of free labor and a free people we propose that only goods which have been produced under conditions which meet the minimum standards of free labor shall be admitted to interstate commerce. Goods produced under conditions which do not meet rudimentary standards of decency should be regarded as contraband and ought not to be allowed to pollute the channels of interstate trade. These rudimentary standards will of necessity at the start fall far short of the ideal. Even in the treatment of national problems there are geographical and indus- trial diversities which practical statemanship cannot wholly ignore. Backward labor conditions and Telatively progressive labor condi- tions cannot be completely assimi- lated and made uniform at one fell swoop without creating economic dislocations. Fair Labor Standards. Practical exigencies suggest the wisdom of distinguishing labor con- ditions which are clearly oppressive from those which are not as fair or as reasonable as they should be under circumstances prevailing in particular industries. Most fair labor standards as a practical mat- ter require some differentiation be< tween different industries and lo- calities. But there are a few rudi- mentary standards of which we may properly ask general and wide- spread observance. Failure to ob- serve them must be regarded as socially and economically oppres- sive and unwarranted under almost any circumstance. Allowing for a few exceptional trades and permitting longer hours on the payment of time and a half for overtime, it should not be difficult to define a general maxi- mum working week. Allowing for appropriate qualifications and gen- eral classifications by adminis- trative action, it should also be possible to put some floor below which the wage ought not to fall. There should be no difficulty in ruling out the products of the labor of children from any fair market. And there should also be little dis- pute when it comes to ruling out of the interstate markets products of employers who deny to their workers the right of self-organiza- tion and collective bargaining, whether through the fear of labor spies, the bait of company unions, or the use of strikebreakers. The abuses disclosed by the investi- gations of the Senate must be promptly curbed. ‘With establishment of these rudimentary standards as s base we must seek to build up, through appropriate administrative ma- chinery, minimum wage standards of fairness and reasonableness, in- dustry by industry, having due re- gard to local and geographical diversities and to the effect of un= fair labor conditions upon compe- tition in interstate trade and upon the maintenance of industrial Peace. Although a goodly portion of the goods of American industry move in interstate commerce and will be covered by the legislation which we recommend, there are many purely local pursuits and services which no Federal legislation can effectively cover. No State is Justified in sitting idly by and ex- pecting the Federal Government to meet State responsibility for those labor conditions with which the State may effectively deal without fear of unneighborly competition from sister States. The proposed Federal legislation should be = stimulus and not a hindrance to State action. Guided by Practical Reason. As we move resolutely to extend the frontiers of social progress, we must be guided by practical reason and not by barren formulae. We must ever bear in mind that our objective is to improve and not to impair the standard of living of those who are now undernourished, poorly clad and ill housed. ‘We know that overwork and un- derpay do not increase the national income when a large portion of our Psychic Message Council 100 Twelfth 8t N.W. rmer of 12th and “L* GRACE GRAY DELONG Reader and Adoiser Psychometry Delineations Daily Hours:'11' AM: to ® PM. . - Telephone MEt. 5334 Junior ezce; Cousineau won when he gashed his rival’s arm slight V. workers remain unemployed. Rea- sonable and flexible use of the long-established right of Govern- ment to set and to change working hours can, I hope, decrease unem- ployment in those groups in which unemployment today principally exists. Our problem is to work out in practice those labor standards which will permit the maximum but prudent employment of our human resources to bring within the reach of the average man and woman & maximum of goods and of services conducive to the fulfill- ment of the promise of American lite. Legislation can, I hope, be passed at this session of the Congress fur- ther to help those who toil in fac- tory and on farm. We have prom- ised it. We cannot stand still. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT. ‘The White House, May 24, 1937, President (Continued From First Page.) as distinguished from commerce that is strictly within State boundaries. In this country today, however, the vast proportion of goods goes into interstate commerce. State Aid Declared Essential. He sald in this connection: “Al- though a goodly portion of the goods of American industry move in inter- state commerce and will be covered by the legislation which we recom- mend, there are many purely local pursuits and services which no Federal legislation can effectively cover.” The President added that it was the duty of States to come to the aid of the workers in those services, and that they should ot sit idly by and expect the Federal ‘Government to do it all. The Federal legislation, he said, should be a stimulus to State action. ‘Taking a shot at those who hold the theory that private initiative may be a cure for deep-seated national ills, the ;’ruisidem gave four reasons why they ail. He said that they “see the problem from the point of view of their own business; they see the problem from the point of view of their own lo- cality or region; they cannot act unanimously because they have no machinery for agreeing among them- selves; they have no power to bind the inevitable minority of chislers within their own ranks.” “The overwhelming majarity of this Nation,” the President said,” has lit- tle patience with that small minority which vociferates today that pros- perity has returned, that wages are good, that crop prices are high and that Government. should take & holi- day.” The clear implication from the President’s message today was that the “breathing spell,” which he prom- ised business more than s year ago, is over. Legislation is to be pressed, and it will deal not only with min- imum wages and maximum hours, but also with industry and with agri- culture, Legislative Forecast, A forecast that legislation will be enacted to cure the conditions dis- closed by the La Follette committee’s investigation of espionage in industry was made by the President. “The abuses disclosed by the investigations of the Senate must promptly be cured,” he said. The President said that enlightened business 15 “learning that competition ought not to cause bad social conse- quences which inevitably react upon the profits of business itself.” And he added: “All but the hopelessly reac- tlonary will agree that to conserve out primary resources of man power, Gov- ernment must have some control over maximum hours, minimum wages, the evil of child labor and the exploita- tion of unorganized labor.” Quoting at considerable length from the dissenting opinion handed down by the late Associate Justice Holmes of the Supreme Court in the child labor law cause nearly twenty years ago, the President said: “Although Mr. Jus- tice Holmes spoke for a minority of the Supreme Court, he spoke for a majority of the American people.” The court, by a 5-to-4 decision, at that time held the child labor act uncon- stitutional, 2 Intersiate Commerce Issue. In his dissenting opinion, Justice Holmes had declared that under the Constitution, when goods are sent across State lines, the Federal Gov- ernment has the right to regulate such commerce. The interpretation of what actually constitutes “interstate commerce” has been & stumbling block, ‘The President’s contention today, as was that of Justice Holmes 20 years 80, is that the Federai Government EATIN CONTRACTORS & ENGINEERS E. J. FEBREY & CO. Est. 1898 THOROUGHLY MODERN THOROUGHLY RELIABLE {a ‘roeulr. remodelir.g h:{ ln-talt- Bot what' cheupest. +© Lan CALL NATIONAL 8680 Cousineau (left) and Harold Bauer matching College fencing team. They fought t face masks, in a duel “to the —A. P. Photo. has the authority to regulate inter- astate commerce and the manufacture of things that go into intersate com- merce, “to protect the fundamental interests of free labor and a free people.” Admitting that the standards to be set up in the first ligislation now pro- posed will be “rudimentary” and “fall far short of the ideal” the President said that care must be taken not to cause economic dislocations by attempting at one full swoop to make labor conditions relatively progressive and uniform throughout the country. Unions Oppose Wage Control. Willlam Green, president of the American Federation of Labor, said at Cincinnat{ that a number of unions opposed Federal regulation of mini- mum wages for men, lest Congreas also might set maximum wages. Green indicated last week after talking with Mr. Roosevelt that he favored other portions of the bill. Administration leaders regarded the wage and hour bill as a companion measure to the Wagner labor relations act, which guarantees to workers the right to organize freely and to bar- gain collectively. A Senate Judiciary Subcommittee meanwhile studied a new child labor amendment to the Constitution pro- posed by Senator Vandenberg, Repub- lican, of Michigan. Chairman Logan expressed the belief the group would recommend its approval, JOHN THOLE, 63, DIES; WAS RETIRED GROCER Funeral Services Will Be Held Thursday—Burial to Be in 8t. Mary’s Cemetery. John Thole, 63, formerly in the grocery business in Southeast Wash- ington for many years, died yesterday in Providence Hospital after a short iliness. A native of Germany, Mr. Thole came to this country in 1890 and shortly afterward established a store at Sixth and B streets southeast. He retired in 1926 and since then had made his home with a niece, Mrs. Maurice J. Conley, 3434 Thirtieth street. Mr. Thole was a member of St Thomas the Apostle Catholic Church, where funeral services will be held at 9 am. Thursday, after services a half hour earlier at the Thirtieth street residence. Burial will be in St. Mary's Cemetery. Formerly, Mr. Thole was.a member of 8t. Mary's Catholic Church. He belonged to the Windthorst Club. Surviving are three sisters, Mrs. Anton Ruppert, this city; Mrs. Arthure Mayers, Los Angeles, and Mrs. Anna Niehoft, living in Germany, Boy in ‘Dog House’ Glad to Get Home After Night Away Samuel Kersey, 13, Finds Bed Is Better Than Shack. Samuel (Buddy) Kersey, 13, re- turned yesterday to his home at 1410 Orren street northeast, convinced that life in the “dog house” is all it reputed to be. Buddy, believing he was in the “dog house” because he failed to bring his books home from school, ran away Sat« urday. His mother, Mrs, Dorothy Kersey, appealed to police to search for him, From Washington Buddy went to the home of his grandparents, Mr. and Mrs, William M. Martin in Fairfax, Va. But he could not muster sufficient courage to enter the house. So he slept through the night in a small shack in back of the residence. Cold and tired he emerged yester- day and asked to be sent home to his mother. IT'S WHAT THE owner says THAT COUNTS! “Entirely satisfactory ... no attention needed . . . more comfortable than coal. I can cheerfully recommend the Norge to anyone.” We're quoting an OWNER of & Norge ‘Whirlator Oil Burner. Holds temperature at same point constantly... cuts heating costs! Phone us for name of your near- est Norge dealer. WKIRLATOR OIL BURNER NORGE ENGINEERING CO. 1223 Eye St. N.W. District 5505 ESTABLISHED 1859 ©® The new AGP Soft Twist Bread is out- standing in flavor, texture and freshness. It's made of the finest ingredients money can buy, and baked to perfection. Chockful of nourishment, and twisted before baking to retain all its freshness and flavor . . . and double-wrapped for your protection. 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