Evening Star Newspaper, July 4, 1936, Page 6

A—6 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C SATURDAY C July THEODORE W. NOYES..........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Ave. 2nd Bt = Offce: Lake Michigan Buildini Buren BrOmes Kekent 8i. London. Ena) "s, 1936 jand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. e Evening Star -siar--1e vor month ay Star Cahon 4TS S o __60c per month %he Evening_and Sunday Sta; (when 5 Sundays) The Sunday Star__ -3 Night Final Edition. Vight Final and Sunday Star.._70c per month 15Ny Final Ginr onany SIAT--gC per montn Collection made at the end of each month. Orders may be sent by mail or telephone Na- tional 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. §lllr and Sunday. $£10.00; 1 5¢_per month -3¢ per copy .. B0c v ¥ $6.003 3 ra mo.. 40c inday only. $4.00; All Other Dajly and Sunday__ Daily only iy Bunday only. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press s exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches eredited to it or not otherwise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. Al rishts of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. L = — e — Fourth-of July. The only conceivable reason for cele- brating the anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence is that of educating the people to a larger and more comprehensive understanding of the meaning of that event. But it may be wondered if the occasion in- variably is employed to such an end. In recent years the annual holiday has | tended to become a mere festival of jollification, a recurrent date upon which the masses do everything except think about their country. mo.. $1.00 0., 75C In 1936, however, there is »lentiful cause to wish that those who are to decide the future destiny of the Nation might be willing to devote the Fourth of July to study of the problem com- mitted into their hands for solution. Briefly summarized, the issue is one of basic policy. Under the Constitution the verdict must be rendered at the polls and by all the citizens qualified to vote. The question is: Shall the United States remain faithful to the philosophy of the past? An alternative, proposed by reformers, is a nebulous and experimental “new freedom” to be achieved by war on so-called “economic royvalists " Only indefensible presumption could prompt any leader to suggest that the electorate should compromise in the circumstances. But it also is plain that 1t would be something akin to treason for any party to make light of the lesson of history. Hence, careful perusal of the text of the elemental charter of American liberty is recommended. No patriot dares to be unfamiliar with its terms in times like those which at present are trying the souls of millions. The purpose of the Declaration was to advertise to “a candid world” the Colonies’ intention to break the political ties which bound them to England, the British crown and their British breth- ren in general. Specifically, it is an indictment of “a prince whose character is * * * marked by every act which may define a tyrant.” King George III is not named, but he is complained against 8s being guilty of “repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States.” Facts are submitted to, support the charge that he is “unfit to be the ruler of a free people.” Yet the signers made it clear that it was not their intention simply to change masters. Indeed, they were at some pains to set forth their doctrine “that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain tnalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted among men, deriving their Just powers from the consent of the governed.” They then stipulated their design “to provide new guards for their future security” and to erect a system of law and order predicated on the principle of representation with “full power to levy war, conclude peace, con- tract alliances, establish commerce and to do all other acts and things which independent states may of right do.” The Declaration closes with an expres- sion of “firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence” and a mutual pledge of “our lives, our fortunes and our sacred honor.” Such language, analyzed and reduced to its essential factors, signifies— firstly, resistance to evil; secondly, prac- tical determination to create and main- tain good. The preamble to the Consti- tution, framed eleven years later, re- peats the same desires in the aim to bring into existence “a more perfect Union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common de- fense, promote the general welfare and secure the blessings of liberty.” * Perhaps it is true that the hour is about to strike when other aspirations must be served. If so. it may be hoped that they will be ideals as worthy of eonfidence and sacrifice. ———— Airmail will not find favor with aviators if they find themselves uni- formed and reduced to wages corre- THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, SATURDAY, JULY 4, Massachusetts,” he is not permitted the privilege of forgetting that sage ob- servation as soon as it is spoken. As a candidate he must suffer, and suffer in smiling silence, while it is taken down and broadcast over the world. Poor Governor Landon! He has for- feited his right to act as a human being and must act as a presidential candidate. He cannot afford. to lose his temper and tell a nosey photographer to jump in the lake. That would be poor campaign stuff. He must throw snowballs with Peggy Ann, and like it. His words must be measured, his-smile must be reedy, his wit ‘must be keen, his interest un- flagging. He can never be bored, never _be angry, never be careless in speech or gesture. And he has only one way to escape—get defeated. o The Battling John L. Clashing ambitions today ' within the ranks of organized labor are not new. They seem, however, of larger propors tions. John L. Lewis, president of the United Mine Workers of America and at the same time the moving spirit in the Committee for Industrial Organiza- tion, apparently is bent upon .a -show- down with William Green and the Amer- ican Federation of Labor. For Mr.: Lewis and the ten C. I. O. unions are declin- ing to appear next Tuesday before the Executive Council of the American Fed- eration of Labor to answer the charge that they are trying to build up a rival organization. What Mr. Green and the Executive Council will do in the face of this defiance remains to be seen. At the same time that he takes on the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor for a showdown, Mr. Lewis is planning a showdown with the American Iron and Steel Institute. In fact, Mr. Lewis may figure that a contest with the steel operators will be an asset at the time that he is defying the American Federation of Labor. And possibly the president of the United Mine Workers is figuring correctly. His cry, naturally, will be, “don't divide the forces of organized labor during & major battle with the employers.” The American Federation officials, however, who believe in the horizontal or craft unions, have viewed with con- siderable suspicion the efforts of Mr. Lewis and his followers to hold to the vertical union for an entire industry. Mr. Lewis has given evidence of consid- erable adroitness and boldness. Fur- thermore, he has moved over to the political side of the picture. He and his United Mine Workers have indorsed President Roosevelt for re-election. Mr. Roosevelt, in turn, has amiled upon Mr. Lewis. Indeed, it is reported that Mr. Lewis was allowed to have his say re- garding planks in the Democratic na- tional platform affecting labor, when it was in the process of being drafted in Washington and before it was sent on to Philadelphia. Mr. Lewis has a battle on two fronts, one with the Executive Council of the American Federation of Labor and the other with the steel operators, among whose employes he is seeking to estab- lish an industrial union. What is Mr. Roosevelt going to do? Is he going to back Mr. Lewis in his contest with William Green and the A. F. of L. coun- cil? The American Federation of Labor has so far maintained ifs traditional non-partisan political attitude in the national campaign, although Green is a Democrat and has expressed the belief that Roosevelt should be re-elected. Mr. Lewis has seemingly attempted to force the hands of the president of the American Federation of Labor by hav- ing his mine workers go on record un- qualifiedly for the re-election of the President. If the controversy between the steel industry and Mr. Lewis and his organ- izers reaches the proportions of a strike or lockout during the presidential cam- paign, President Roosevelt may be called upon to take sides. What then? These campaigns within a campaign are all very puzzling. Potentially they are filled with dynamite. But in what direction the explosion will go, if it occurs, and whom it will affect are still questions to be answered. Mr. Lewis has attempted to tie the President in with him and his industrial unions. How long organized labor will present a united front in the political campaign under such conditions only time will tell. ——————— A fight is to be made from the Vatican on improper films. The Motion Picture Academy of Arts and Sciences may prove another educational institution that finds itself at odds with strict religious interpretation. e Mr. Baldwin Hangs On. Prime Minister Baldwin has blasted the hopes of his political enemies that the Italo-Ethiopian fiasco, with its igno- minious blow to British prestige, would impel the Tory leader to quit office and leave to other hands the task of re- habilitating John Bull's shattered inter- national position. Mr. Baldwin made & surprlse appearance in the House of Commons on Thursday for the dual pur- pose of refuting reports of his physical collapse and proclaiming his intention to carry on, despite opposition clamor sponding to those of letter carriers. Landon’s Burden. Governor Landon is supposed to be on & vacation. But the vacations he used to enjoy and the vacation he now endures a3 a. presidential candidate are two separate and distinct things. He has inherited one of the penalties of fame. If he lands a trout, it is news—with pictures. If he does not' land a trout, it is news—with pictures. If he attends a beefsteak fry, there is a story in it— with pictures. Should he refuse to eat the beefsteak, what a story that would be! When he looks through field glasses from a mountain top in the direction of the great plains, forty miles away, and is unable to see the plains because of the haze—that is news, with pictures. And when he is told that Kansas lies somewhere in that direction and says, *Yes, Kansas, thee she stands—like that “Baldwin must go.” The prime minister disposed of de- mands for his retirement with the de- flant declaration that he would remain the sole judge of the necessity of such & step. As to the taunts of the Laborites and Liberals who are howling for his official head, Mr. Baldwin took refuge in the attitude of Abraham Lincoln at the time the Great Emancipator found himself under critical fire from all sides. Expressing veneration for the American Civil War President, the prime minister asserted that like him, he intended to ignore the maledictions of his detractors, Mr. Baldwin recalled that Lincoln once said: “I do the very best I can and I mean to keep on doing it to the end. H the end brings me out all right, what is said against me will not matter, and if the end brings me out wrong, ten angels swearing that I was right would make no difference.” In the hard-pressed British 's judgment, “that was the "in the Mediterranean. profound and very wise @ébservation of a very great man.” To such a philosophy Stanley Baldwin has resigned himself, prepared to fight things out on that line, come what may. The Conservatives dominate Parlia- ment by such a huge majority that the Baldwin government so far has been able to survive the storm of indignation and humiliation that has raged about it ever ‘since the fallure of British-instigated League policy to check the Italian ag- gression. Seldom in history has a Down- ing street cabinet contrived to weather so cyclonic an outburst of adverse public opinion. Voted into office last year mainly by the pro-League elements which favored strong British leadership at Geneva in the direction of rigorous re- pressive measures against the Fascists, even at the risk of war, the Baldwin _government proceeded in due course to scuttle that policy in the teeth of Musso- lini’s threat to attack the British fleet It remained ‘quiescent as the ruthless conquest of *Ethiopia took its course, and finally, in the presence of the accomplished fact, led the movement to lift the sanctions whith Britain originally promoted, only to see them lamentably fail of their purpose. Even: in the face of this record, Mr. Baldwin defends Britain's immense re- armament program on the ground that she must be prepared to “fulfill her obligations to the League.” In the light of events, that pronouncement has a cynically ironical ring, but it looks as if the Tories would get away with it. .- A Chicago homicide victim is described as & platinum blonde. So much front page importance is attached to the color of hair that actuaries may feel called on to figure it into calculations of insurance risk. oo Paris having tried a commune in a historic way, does not think well of it. France is one country that might have done well to “teach communism” with candid description in the public schools. — et Curious theories are revived with strange frequency. “Innocuous desue- tude” is another of those phrases which do not seem to mean anything perma- nent. i Even when warnings are most solemn a campaign brings .inevitable cheer as it points to the numerous times the country has been saved by prompt patriotic action. ——— e There is at present a scarcity of topics that do not lead to serious discussion. In times of drought it is impossible to be non-committal even in talking about the weather. - ——————— Advice was given by Secretary Prances Perkins to steel factories not to do any- thing foolish. This is good advice to anybody, any time, anywhere. ——s After all the only favorite sons at Philadelphia who were really favored came from New York and Texas. — R Shooting Stars, BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Rocket. A rocket does not mean a thing, And yet its radiance glows 1 With brightness that will serve to bring | A cure for moron woes, It's oft an insincere display Of iridescent junk That has been started on its way . By just a piece of punk. The rocket may in splendor rise As with a curious trick It carries with it to the skies An unresisting stick. B And yet it is with honor fraught, ' - - As it so brightly tries To grasp some splendid patriot though And write it on the skies, ° et Art Competition. “What we need is a good campaign song,” said the campaigner, A “Don’t make it too good,” said Senator Sorghum. “I'd hate to feel that‘an audience would rather hear me sing than make a speech.” ¢ - H Shenandoah National Park’ A picnic now with pride we must,observe, Big figures prove both pleasant &nd profound. s A % Nearly two hundred thousand acres serve To make a neat and proper picnic ground. 313 43} S Pride of Personality. ~~ - | “Dese newspapers is too .small,” ‘said Bill the Barg. ', : “Can't you find enough to read?”’ “I don’t read much. But when:dey prints my picture it humiliates me to see it squeezed into a space of one. or two square feet.” 5 e A P “In youth,” sald Hi Ho, the sage iof Chinatown, “I called the automobile. a- ‘devil wagon.' I still regard-the police- man as & friend with superniatural pow- ers to whom I must pray for when I cross its way.” Honorable Past. China, patient and polite, " 3 Of her boast grows prouder; . . China flies & mighty kite And first employed gunpowder. 3 3 We'd be free from many pains, With few financial backers, For kites instead of bombing planes And wars with fire crackers. “Loafin’ may need ‘so much apolo- gizin’,” said Uncle Eben, “dat it gits to be more trouble dan’ regular, honest work.” A Case Overseas. Prom the Roanoke (Va.) Times. A New York veterinarign has succeeded in reviving a_dog that had been, 10 minutes. Maybe he’ll get to she what he can do in the cagp of the Teague of Nations. e New Regulations Governing School Athletics Analyzed To the Editor of The Star: The writer noted: with concern the account of the new athletic regulations recently approved by the Board of Edu- cation. Nothing in the new rules and set-up is intended to or will diminish the interest or participation of boys in athletics. Rather it is expected that educational outcomes for the boys will be enhanced. The trend throughout the country is to increase athletic interest and partici- pation and to make fairer competition between rivals. If there were no eligibility rules, and men were allowed to compete with boys, or if boys were allowed to absorb room in public high schools for no other purpose than to engage in athletic competition, or be explofted for financial gain or institutional prestige, the chances are inter-school athletics would soon be abolished except:in towns of only one high school. Your sports commentator erred in stating that the rule goes: into effect next Fall. In fact the limit a year from next Fall, or in 1937..is 20 years, and two years off, or in 1938, the limit is 19 years. A The frequent appéllation “dictator” is applied to the department heads. In the local set-up, the head has no such power as do the heads of the department of health and physical-education in Bal- timore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Detroit, New York or other large cities where they have veto powers and large administra- tive control. All rules and regulations must be ratified by the Board of High School Principals, although they may be suggested or initiated by the Athletic Council. Certain administrative func- tions in the handling of details have been designated to the office of the head of the department, but in no sense is he a “czar,” as is the head of some organized divisions of professional athletics or col- lege conference athletics, For the first time boys have been required to take physical education for a minimum of two periods a week. The school authorities now recegnize after school work of physical education teach- ers in intramural or inter-school ath- letics as part of the school day work of these teachers to be compensated for by lightening the load before 3 p.m. or staggering hours, Recreation and the- training for activities for leisure that have health and happiness as objectives are given a greater place in the program. Health objectives for normal pupils are sought incidental to pursuit of whole~ some physical activity. Health instiuc< tion becomes a definite subject with credit in the high school curriculum for the first time. Specific budgets, better facilities, more equipment and supplies are contemplated. . In fact & modern program of health and physical education for .all boys and girls is approved by the Board of Edu- cation that will compare favorably, after a few years, with the curriculum in other cities of the size of Washington.: E. B. HENDERSON. Veteran Printer Remembers First Machine Typesetter To the Editor of The Star: The very interesting account in The Star of the 50th anniversary of the linotype takes my mind back to the days somewhere between 1860 and 1868, when the first typesetting machine ever invented was purchased by the New York Tribune. I was then night galley boy on the World, and was one of a number of compositors from that newspaper present at the first demonstration of the . machine, . The type case was circular, about 4 feet in diameter, with metal slots radiat- ing from the center, each slot containing the usual copper-faced type. A moving clutch, worked from a keyboard, picked up one letter at a time, depositing them in a solid line at the side of a galley. As 1t could not handle spaces, a second man was needed to space out the words in a composing stick and make it ready | for printing. After being used, the tvpe had to be distributed back into the slots. The Tribune people were so proud of the machine, and they were so positive that it would ertirely do away lenge to any one who cared to take it up. It was accepted by the World men and Joseph Vibbard, the fastest man in our composing room, was selected to work against the machine. The copy chosen was a column of advertisements. In those days each ad over three lines began with a two-line letter, the balance of the first line in pica capitals, with the second line and remainder of the ad in agate. As the machine -could handle nothing but the type in the circular case, a third man had to set the first two lines of each and every ad by hand—the machine, plus the spacing man, doing the rest. The result was what we of the World expected-—Joe Vibbard winning ‘“under wraps.” . What the ultimate fate of “first type- setting machine ever invented” was, deponent sayeth not. & . FRANK E. JAMISON. Peasant Carts of Sicily - Picture Legendary Heroes “To the Editor of The Star: . £ Race displacement possibilities are ex- ‘céllently illustrated by the peasant carts .of Sicily, They are decorated with paintings of legendary Nordic heroes: . “The Burning of Troy,” “Roland Sounds His Horn,” “Charlemagne and His Peers,” paintings on one such cart here.con- tained some 49 figures. All were of red- headed, red-bearded knights, of golden- haired, blue-eyed ladies. Every one was a marked Nordic type. Dating from the Norman invasion, 876 years ago, the Nordic type had remained the subject of peasant admiration, expressed, alongside sacred pictures, on their beloved carts. ‘The driver of this cart was typical of his village. He could almost walk under the arm of a 6-footer. His eyes, his hair were black. His lips, his hair showed diluted Negroid blood. He was a type often seen in the “little Sicilies” of American slums. Against the masterful “Nordic of eight centuries ago he had been triumphant. Slavish, sold with the land, type of the Servile War, when 200,000 slaves were under arms against the Roman, these Sicilian coolies have | won through the differential birth rate, - - Gireek-Nordic, Roman-Nordic did not . “hesitate to cross his blood with the slave % |-concubines in his household., The Nordic wife could not compete in child-bearing, Even when later the French-Norman Nordics came, there continued the mak- ings of a mulatto case. The same law is at work in the Amer- ican population mass in the case of the Mexican Amerind peon. We still have lwh quota against m‘e: ‘;V‘est.em Hemi- —————— Some Relief. Prom the Lowell Leader.. A\'\.vho'::;:e s; far as Congress is con- cerned, ation is going to enjoy breathing spell. 3 * > .. Convention Gavel Prom the Manchester Union. ~ Convention gavels need o be more than streamlined. with | hand composition, they issued a chal- | 1936. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Cut flowers do not need fresh water daily. ‘We are sorry to run in the face of so many advisors, on this matter, but ex- “perimentation for the past two years leads us to this definite conclusion. In the past the general advice has been to cut off the stems each morning with a slanting stroke of the knife, pour the old water out of the vase and fill with fresh water, Such persistent pestering of cut flow- ers really adds nothing to their longevity. Every one interested in flowers knows how much thought has been given to the matter of keeping them fresh as long as_possible after cutting. s Everything from an aspirin tablet to copper solution has been tried, as addi- tions to the vase of water, with what results may be left to the imagination. Mostly it was found that pure fresh water, with as cool an air temperature as possible, would do about all that could be done in keeping one’s favorite cut flowers at their prime as long as possible. * x K % It was generally advised, however, that the flower lover should cut the flowers in the early morning, preferably when the dew is on them, and best when the buds were just opening. This is-good advice. ‘Then they should be brought into the house as quickly as possible, their stems cut with a slanting kimife, to give the largest possible surface to absorb. water, and their arrangement begun, Flower arrangement, as a séparate art in itself, has had a tremendous vogue in the past five years. This is as it should be. Flowers are too beautiful, -even the most modest, to risk cramming them into a vase without thought. The best of the flower arrangement books have been written by womien, as might have been expected. Many strik- ing groupings have been devised by them, based not only on the eternal principles of art, the same in all nations, but particularly with reference to the artistic instincts of nations. Thus the Japanese flower arrange- ment is & thing in itself, marked. by great simplicity, and a general air of frugality, or sparseness, as it seems to | many Occidental eyes. To a Japanese, we understand, oft morning glory blossom in a enough. L Now one morning glory blossom fis enough, if the beholder has beauty in his eyes and heart, to begin with. surely t6 most of us a few more of the same will not be amiss; we like to see many pretty flowers in our vases. This multiplicity may be achieved with wonderful results, if restraint is kept in mind. The national trait of overdoing has no place in a vase of cut flowers, It is wonderful what an artistic- minded person, with the knack, can do with a few simply daisylike blooms, Instead of jamming them helter-skel- ter into a vase or bowl, she takes a stalk here, and a stalk there, deftly touches them a bit, after they are in | the water— And lo! the result is something be- vond the simple flowers, something be- yond the simple vase—she always used a simple one, in order not to detract from the blossoms—something which is better than the elements which went into | the composition. It is art. No doubt there are many- gifted women who can get this fine result without reading books on flower arrangement, vase is | But | the many interesting books on the sub- Ject. * o k¥ Once the flowers are arranged in a given vase to the satisfaction of the arranger, it is just as well to let them alone until they wither naturally. We saw this tried out recently with two vases of that fine gladious, Picardy, with the finest results. At the end of eight days, without change of water, but with enough added to make up for evaporation, the vases of flowers were still beautiful. This variety, really species, of gladious, is, of course, a ‘magnificent keeper, as well as a lovely flower. Still it could not have been in any better shape, had its stem been slicgd every morning, and a campletely fresh supply of water given. he old idea was that the chemicals in water clogged up the pores in the cut stem, and that the milky appearance of the water did other inimical things to the petals. It must be kept in mind that cut flowers are dying flowers, but it is & dying with a difference, after all. Qur belief is that the pores are not so closed, in any real sense, and that very little if any harm comes through the milky water. Appearance alone speaks against the latter, but this is obviated by an opaque vase. A little fresh water daily keeps things under control. In hot weather all cut flowers should be removed to a porch at night where they can get the benefit of cooler air. This helps keep them fresh in a won- derful way. Do not be too ready to cut off faded blossoms. Faded flowers, if not too far gone, have a quiet beauty. The Japanese even have a name for highly beautiful. Often the contrast afforded by partly withered blossoms with perfectly fresh ones has a beauty all its own, * ¥ % ¥ It may be that there are some persons who honestly specimens every day, stems, cleaning the containers, filling them with water, arranging the stalks and blooms anew. If so, the standard way of caring for them is O. K., and theyv will get re- newed pleasure daily. But it seems to us that it is largely a waste of time, that the specimens are even hurt by so much handling. Let us keep in mind that the stems the plant, and no longer get the help of the plant roots. Water is the substitute, | not a very good one, it is true, but one which will do, for all the time necessary, since no plant absorbs food except in solution. arranged, is good for several days. With mum, they remain in good shape for at least 10 days. Most flowers used in vases have a life days to a week, at the longest. ing room overnight in Summer, their usable life will be very short. in some cases not being more than two to three days. We have never been able to see that any of the chemical additions do much if any good in this respect. Still, it is an appealing experiment, and some one may hit on something some day. In the meantime, try arranging once | and for all. then permitting the vase to stand for its life as a composition. Do not overload a vase. If vou want many flowers, use more containers. Try not but it is safe to say that even they would gain something by a perusal of STARS, MEN arranged. Maybe you will be surprised. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY, Man comes into the world a fighting animal—and leading with his left. Such is the conclusion of Dr. Mandel Sherman, University of Chicago psy- chologist, on the basis of studies of the defense reactions of new-born infants in a large maternity hospital. Almost from the first moments of life, Dr. Sherman and his collaborators found, it is able to make co-ordinated defense movements against whatever seems to threaten its security. These movements are governed, he believes, by centers of the brain below the level of consciousness, for the cerebral cortex is not yet ready to function. The defense reactions were stimulated by applying pressure to the chin. Their strength was determined by counting the number of movements in 30 seconds. Most of the defense re- actions, says Dr. Sherman, were strik- ingly accurate, the hands locnipg @he stimulus at the point of its application to the chin. In general the infant at first made defense movements with either the right or the left hand before co- ordinate movement with both hands ap- peared. This indicates, says the psy- chologist, that even within 30 seconds some type of selection of defense was M Many of the children also responded to the pressure against the chin by ap- parently aimless kicking. This, of course, could have no effect in removing the un- pleasant pressure, but was a case of the whole body reacting until some move~ ments were found to be useless and were discarded, Dr.Sherman found similar co- ordinated movements when lights were flashed in the eyes or when a mild pain stimulus was applied. Nature apparently had turned out an orgarism equipped for trouble. The new-born infant, Dr. Sherman concludes, is predominantly “left-sided” —in. striking contrast to the majority of older children and adults. This is shown particularly in the grasp reflex. Exact measurements show that the left hand is slightly stronger. He found a somewhat more adequate re- flex -pupilary response of the left eye than of the right. It required longer for the tight eye to react. The average per cent of defense movements of the left hand in response to pressure on the children. The latter show clearly the element of learning. They become more | the new-born, so far as its few simple | fighting reactions go. acts with an un- | learned efficiency. This is due to the fact, he believes, that the cortex of the | brain—the thinking and learning area— is not yet functioning. The infantile defense reactions are dominated from some lower brain center. Later on, when the cortex becomes dominant, some of | these primitive reflexes will be discarded | as useless, some will be deliberately im- proved by practice, and some will be incorporated into more complex move- ments. These inborn defense reactions, Dr. Sherman holds, are the infant’s heritage from a long line of infra-human ancestors. The twentieth century human baby has actually no need to “fight” for its existence from the first day of life. It is placed immediately into an environ- ment free from danger and annoyance, with even the temperature and illumi- nation carefully adjusted. All of its needs are anticipated. It was not always so. Even at the primitive levels of humanity, it is likely, the baby has to defend itself in & mild way. It is be- cause babies are shielded from any stimulus which normally arouses the defense reactions, Dr. Sherman says, that these have been lost sight of. They can be seen only when the infant de- liberately is threatened by the experi- menter. This has led some psychologists to deny that there are any inborn re- actions in the human being, such as are known as “instincts” in lower animals. Facts About the Locusts Not Noted by Writers To the Editor of The Star: The locusts have come and gone and much has been spoken and written about them. but no one knows all about them as yet. I have seen the locusts for five dif- ferent years, have read all I could find ‘writtén of them by Lugger, Henry, Tracewell and others, and have learned two things of them I have never seen printed. First, the little black locust with a siren or police rattle noise, black all over chin also exceeded those of the right. This difference was particularly striking in those infants who made excessive kicking movements in response to the pressure stimulus. 4 “With advance in age,” says Dr. Sher- man, “there is apparently & shift in the central nervous system function. The difference in the adjustmental re- activity of the two hands offers evidence that the mpre primitive the reactions of the infant the more lef¢-sided they tend to be. The strength of the leg move- ments in response to the pressure stimulus was in most instances stronger on' the left than on the right. On the whole these observations show that & new-born infant is not dominated in his responses by the usual asymatrical cortical function manifested in mature individuals.” . et The defense reactions dunng‘ t::i:}’ infancy, Dr. Shermangsays, are qu - ferent from those manifested by older with golden wings, weighs from 5'z to 6'3 grains, the larger variety weighing from 8's to 9'2 grains. I found one in 1885 in Howard County, caught five this year and saw two others. They are the noisiest of all the brood. Second, the mud chimney built by the Jocust under boards an inch or two off the ground. I have several of them, and they resemble the chimney made by the crawfish, or that made by land crabs in the tropics. 1 would be pleased to hear from those interested in the locust, for I do not ex- pect to see them here again, as I . would then be 92 years of age. 8. A. LEHMAN, Under Ground. Froni the New York Sun. Gov. Talmadge was plowed under at Phi Tnhia, “faded white | chrysanthemums,” which they regard as | like “fooling™ over the cut | cutting off the | | 1926, and their flowers have been snipped from | certain types, such as the chrysanthe- | in the cut state of from three or four ! If they | are permitted to remain in a stuffy liv- | | Capt | beautiful polish and more efficient with experience. But | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN., A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic I, Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. Who has power to change the num ber of judges in the United States S preme Court?—G. A. L. A. The number is fixed by Congre: and this number can be changed simp)| by an act of Congress. Q. What kind of varn should be usel for knitting a bathing suit?--J. R. K A. Stocking yarn, which does not In its shape when wet nor absorb muc] weight of water because of its tizh| twist, must always be used. Q. Do all Christians in Ethiopia wea crosses?—T. W, A. They all wear small crosses of =il ver, iron or brass. The cross is sus pended from a cord around the nec! called a matab. Q. Is a cobbler food or drink?—M A. It may be either. The drink j made of wine, sugar, sliced orange. lemoj| and crushed ice. As a food it is a larz fruit pie, made in a deep dish, with n bottom crust. Q. What nation has the fastest air planes?—R. G. A. The United States flies the faste: commercial and private craft in th world. the noted doctor wh made a study of the effect of altitucdd on eyesight>—M. L. R A. The late William Holland Wilmer ophthalmologist, while acting as a &ur geon in charge of the A. E. F. durin the World War discovered the effect o altitude on the co-ordination of eye an hand. It was on his advice that th United States Government established] the School of Aviation Medicine of th Army Air Corps. Q. Who was Q. What poet eived a posthumor Pulitzer prize?—F. L. R A. Amy Lowell's “What's O'Clock?" n4 awarded the Pulitzer poetrv prize i the announcement being madd after her death. Q. Where is the largest factory in the world?>—S. M A. It is at Creighton, Pa. Its gian furnace holds 1,200 tons of molten glass Q. What was the name of the play in which James K. Hackett appeare during the war for a Red Cross benefit? plate glas The charm of cut flowers, properly | =l A. In 1918 Mr. Hackett played the part of the Canadian in an all-star cast of “Out There” for the American Red| Cross. Q. What is the origin of the parole system in prisons?>-M. R A. The history of parole goes back to| English Colonial experience in the ticket-| of-leave system of New South Wales as| early as 1790 and to the mark system of Maconochie at Norfolk Island in 1840. in both of which the prisoner mizht. | by good behavior win conditional libera- tion. Q. What kind of wood is made from the box tree?—T. B. J. A. The wood is vellowish. close-grain- ed. very hard and heavy and takes a It is much used by carvers. engravers on turners, wood | wood and by mathematical instrument bothering them. after they have been |, yo.c Flutes and other instruments are made from it. Q. Does the expression. “An eve for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” appear| in the Bible?>—A. C. R A. It appears in Matthew. chapter 5, King James version, starting: “Ye have heard that it was said. ‘an eve for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.” but I sav unto vou, resist not him that is evil, but whosoever smiteth thee on thy right cheek, turn to him the other, also.” 3 Who wrote the first dime novel? —W. R. A. The original dime novel writer was Ned Buntline, whose real name was Ed- ward Zane Carrol Judson. He was born in 1823 and died in 1886. f Q. When is the Spiritualist camp to open in New York?—M. H. A. The Lily Dale Assembly opened its large camp for Spiritualists at Lily Dale, N.Y, July 3. Q. Why are shears and scissors ground at a certain angle?—J. W. A. A. The National Bureau of Standards says that the angle found on all shears ang scissors has been proved to be the most satisfactory in service. The action | is really not a cutting one (as one cuts with a knife), but is a shearing one. Q. How many business firms in New York City are 100 years old?>—A. H A. The Hundred Year Association of| that city has 54 members that have been| in business a century or more. Q. What was Canada’s first railway? —J. L. A. It was the 14'z2-mile Champlain & | St. Lawrence Railroad. between St. Johns| and Laprairie, in the Province of Queber (then Lower Canada), connecting Lake Champlain with the St. Lawrence River| and linking the two commercial ports of New York and Montreal. On July 21 Canada will celebrate the 100th anni- versary of the opening of this railway. Q. What was the first horse to trot for a public stake?—J. M. B. A. The first horse to trot in public for a stake was Boston Blue, who ran against, time for $1,000 in 1818 to settle a jockey, club wager that no horse could trot 8| mile in three minutes. Resort Attractions. From the Boston Transcrint. £ Col. Knox says he is going to draf his speeches “amid the historic shrin of New England.” Now the New Eng: land Council can advertise beache: mountains and Col. Knox writing hi speeches. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Regret. Now that you are gone, unspoken word: A thousand unborn thoughts cam back to me; A thousand little ways I might hawv smoothed Your too rough path, sweetheart, seem to see. I put my head where your dear heag once lay, Closing my eyes in vain desire ang tears, Closing t.he’m to the light, rememberi The way I might have helped in thg hard years!