Evening Star Newspaper, July 3, 1936, Page 5

SCHOOL REVOLTS SPREAD INMEXICO Rural “Patriots” Die Trying to Stop Socialistic Teachings. Widespread revolt in the smaller Mezican towns against the govern- ment's school policy is dcscribgd here in the fijth of a series of sit articles on Mezico's changing social order, written by a newspaper man with wide experience in that troubled country. BY GORDON GORDON. QUERETARO, Mexico, July 3 (N.A. N.A).—This historic city of teeming markets and picturesque Spanish aque- ducts today is the hub for one of the most violent disputes that ever raged in North America over education. The government’s little frame and thatched school houses are the set- tings for some of the most murderous raids since Pancho Villa rode two decades ago. They are the crux of Mexico's religious turmoil and furnish the Cardenas administration with a problem which is daily growing more serious. During recent days more than 2 score have died in Canatlan, Durango, in sanguine street battles over the fed- | eral schools, and a score are deac in Ciudad Gonzales, Guanajuato. Be- tween 40 and 50 have been killed in| the state of Puebla. and the total shot down in Jalisco approximates 100. And B0 on, reads the grim and long record. Hardly a day passes that there isn't at least one casualty in this smouldering war, an insurrection which is seldom reported in the Mexican press. Many mothers and daughters are pffering themselves as sacrifices for their religious and moral convictions. In Canatlan they deliberately marched Into the bullet fire of the federal sol- diers, shouting, “For God!” There are tew districts that don’t pay honor to| #t least one “martyr” who died for “los muchados”—the children. Teachers in Dangerous Place. Arrayed against the crusaders are the school teachers, who are sent to their posts after listening to stirring talks by government minute men who | praise their heroism. These instructors | hold the most dangerous jobs in all| Mexico. They may be s stoned and beaten mercilessly. The usual procedure in this and the ot to death or | adjoining states is for a rebel band to | ride quietly into a village. ing the teacher to a fence post outlaws carve off his or her ears in slow, fiendish fashion. That gruesome task finished, they set fire to the school house, send a note to the nearest gar- rison threatening other instructors in the neighborhood with a like fate. and scurry back to their mountain hide- out. *The schools are an integral part of the government's six-year plan, which was launched in 1934. Before 1940 Mexico expects to establish 14,000 new schools, Iready they are being founded at the rate of 1.000 every six months, an astounding pace for a small nation which has so long lacked educational facilities. Although unorganized. the rebellion against the schools is widespread and it is growing at the same pace as the government’s speed in building new ones. It centers in the villages. There are few disturbances in the cities. Opposes “Persecution.” To quiet the rural regions, President Cardenas has repeatedly stated that his administration is opposed to “re- ligious persecution” and he has per- suaded the Governors of 12 States to moderate their harsh policies. Quere- taro already has repealed laws which closed its churches and yesterday Lhe State Legislature lifted the ban on activities of priests Other States, though, are defiant toward any move to alleviate the critical situation. Chi- huahua recently reduced the number of its priests from four to one, and such storm centers as Sonora persist in outlawing all religion and in pad- locking the churches. Of Mexico's 5,000 churches, fully 60 per cent are still nailed shut. The school question remains the chief obstacle to any settlement of the religious conflict. The schools are s0 deeply rooted in the country’s rev- olutionary principles that there can be no retreat for Cardenas. the cry of hundreds in nearly every village of any size from Sonora to Yucatan is, “The socialistic schools must go!” Straw polls show the preponderance of sentiment. In Navajoa, Sonora, a typical rural town of Northern Mexico, 32 opposed the schools out of 49 ques- tioned. In La Piedad., Miehoacan. on the central plateau, only 8 out of 31 favored the schools. And in Progreso, Yucatan, to the far south of Mexico, 9 out of 28 voted for the schools. ‘While the Catholic prelates urge peaceful means of convincing the gov ernment the schools are fostering evil and immoral doctrines, fanatical groups in the back count continue to fight with stones and pitchforks and guns. Accused of Teaching Atheism. They accuse the schools of teaching: | Atheism, principles of government which will eventually turn Mexico into another Godless Russia where family life will be abolished, and sex facts which are conducive to im- morality. “The teacher told my boy that the Bible is only a collection of myths,” the mothers in numerous villages in- form travelers. And again: “He told | my girl that the padres wanted to keep us in slavery and in superstition.” Theoretically, the ministry of ed- ucation program provides for instruc- tion which is nonreligious, similar to that of the public schools in the United States, but it provides also for the teaching of the tenets of the national revolutionary party, which has controlled Mexican politics since 1920, and of the six-year plan. These are diametrically opposed to the par- ticipation of the church in government and attack severely the record of the church in Mexico’s history. That some teachers, swept away in the radical outburst against the church, have taught atheism cannot be demied, but the ministry of educa- tion, whiie fighting the church as an organization, has never officially con- doned such teachings, and the records show that the department has removed some instructors for such expressions. Disseminate Propaganda. Actually, the government schools are sources for the dissemination of propaganda which favors the ideals of the national revolutionary party and the President in power. Nothing in recent years:has stirred community life in Mexico as has sex education. Immersed for centuries in Victorian attitudes, the average Mex- jcan parent shunned sex knowledge. It was a situation comparable to that iff the United States of a half century ago. Blaming ignorance for considerable After rop- | the | 7, morality, with its resultant disease the ministry of education has em- | barked ori one of the frankest pro- | grams of sex teachings of any country. Working slowly at first in the larger centers, the ministry now requires that sex courses be taught in every school But the average village father and mother, excepting those workers and farmers who are sworn to uphold the revolutionary program, protest that such classes, instead of combating immorality. encourage it by placing so much emphasis on sex in the impres- sionable minds of ‘teen age boys and gir! “Such instruction belongs in the homes,” parents here stated in a | formal protest. “A father or mother | should give it. When it is taught in the schools, by teachers who are in- | terested only in the physiological side |and not in the spiritual, it leaves a frightful impression.on the minds of the boys and girls.” President Cardenas himself has traveled by horseback and automobile into some of the villages where virtual civil war is under way, such as Ciudad | Gonzales, and he has pleaded with the villagers to give the schools a chance. | “It is a lie that socialistic education seeks the dissolution of the home.” he declared. “It is a lie that it perverts ' children.” | | Sces Government Helpful. | | He maintains that the cause of much | of Mexico's bloody history lies in the lx]‘utc:acy of its people, and that only | the federal government has the funds for a nation-wide educational cam- paign against ignorance. One of the primary goals of the present school program is to break { down Mexico's language barriers. Mil- | | lions do not know a word of Spanish. | | There are more than 120 Indian tongues still spoken in Mexico. A half | million Aztecs talk only in the Aztec ianguage, and so it goes with most of the large tribes. Schools are also being established for adults, and a craze for learning | has swept the cities. Even in such| rough-and-tumble harbor towns as Vera Cruz, salty fishermen sit in the plaza while some one teaches them to | read and write so that they can “let the little President talk to me on pa- e | Meanwhile, every week, the strife Brows worse in the mountain and jun- | gle lands. During the next few months | Cardenas must pacify these rebellious | parents, or crush them beneath army dictatorship, or else the country will | become a shambles. CGopyright. 1936. by the No:n American Newspaper Alliance Inc.) BAND CONCERTS. By the Army Band in the Army Band auditorium at 3:30 p.m. today. Capt. Thomas F. Darcy, leader; Karl Hubner, assistant leader. { Program. “The Fourth U. S. Infantry March,” . Ballet suite. -Ansell 1The Sabot 3 The Cour! Shoe 2 The Ballet Shoe 4 The Sandal 5 The Brogue Solo for clarinet, “Valse du Ballet de Patrie”__ Paladilhe George Hays, soloist Fox trot, “I Like Bananas” Waltz, “Un Peu D’Amour’ _Silesu March, “Regimental Review__Panella | “The Star Spangled Banner.” Burger Yacich By the Army Band at the Capitol at 7:30 p.m. today. Capt. Thomas F. Darcy, leader; Karl Hubner, assistant leader. Program. “The National Geographic March” + Fantasia, “The Evolution of Solo for trombone, Dijiste” Clarence E. Suite, “Silhouettes’ 1 Spanish 2 French 3 Italian Fox trot, “Take My Heart”..._Ahlert Grand scenes from “Il Guarany” Solo for Xylophone, Bedar St Charles D. Hershey, soloist. “Humoresque” Selection from “Mlle. Modiste,” Herbert March, “Young Veterans”.....Frazee “The Star Spangled Banner.” THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, No. 1—-St. Edward’s crown, the crown of England, with which the Archbishop of Canterbury will crown King Edward VIII in the coronation ceremony May 12, 1937, at Westminster. The crown was made in 1662 for the coronation of Charles II to replace the older one destroyed by the commonwealth. No. as old as the Bible. 2—The bracelets of gold, with the emblems of the three kingdoms, a tradition of royalty In the center are St. George’s spurs of solid gold, the emblems of knight- hood and chivalry. With the jeweled sword of state, they are placed on the altar of the Abbey as a symbol that the new King places his military power at the service of the church. No. 3—The King's orb, which is carried in his left hand during the ceremony as a symbol of the dominion of the Christian religion over the world. It is a symbol of sovereignty bor- rowed from the emperors of Rome by the Saron kings, and preserved since. 4 _ No. 4—The Royal scepter of jeweled gold, with the largest of the four stars of Africa, a diamond presented to King Edward VII by the Union of South Africa, the gteatest diamond in right hand. No. 5—The amulla, or golden eagle, % the world, mounted below an orb and a cross of diamonds. The King will hold the scepter in his which may be of Byzantine origin, and which was spared destruction by the Puritans by being kept in Westminster Abbey. Into this is poured the ol with which the King is anointed by the archbishop on the head, breast and the palms of his hands. It is the oldest bit of plate kept with the crown jewels in the Tower of London. No. 6—The anointing spoon, into which the oil, after it has been blessed, is poured from the amulla. The spoon is of very ancient origin, and like the ampulla, was saved jrom destruc- tion in the time of Cromwell after having been used for centuries in the coronations of Kings and Queens of England. No. 7—A symbol of the flowering staff of Joseph. The scepter with the dove, symbolizing the Holy Ghost, at its top. On the staff are bands of diamonds. No. 8—The most valuable sword in the world. The jeweled sword of state, on the scabbard of which, repeated three times, are the rose of England, the thistle of Scotland, and the harp of Ireland. It measures 3 feet 7 inches in length, and is 2'; inches across at the top. In the center is the sword of state, carried before the sovereign on all state occasions At the left is curtana, the sword of Edward the Confessor, of ancient origin. The point of cur- —Wide World Photos. Irvin S. Cobb Says: Which Should It Be? Spiked Coffee or Religion? BEVERLY HILLS, Calif., July 3.— When those three gallant men were imprisoned in that Moose River mine cave-in up in Canada end dying by inches in the darkness of cold and damp and hunger and ex- haustion—one of them, you'll re- member, did die —and the res- ruers finally bored a slender shaft through to their living tomb, al- most the first thing sent down from above was some hot coffee with a slug of brandy in it. Now Rev. A. A. McLeod, a fleld secretary of the Sons of Temperance, has formally protested to the gov- ernment of Nova Scotia about putting in the brandy. 8o I've been sitting here all day trying to make up my mind, if I'd been buried in that freezing, slimy pit, which I'd prefer—to have ‘em | send along some spiked coffee right away or keep the hellish mixture up on the surface and lower Rev. A. A. McLeod with a pitcher of ice water | and some tracts? It's one of those things a fellow really can’t decide off hand. (Copyright. 1936. by the North American Newspaper Alliance Inc.) CONVICTS SURRENDER MEXIA, Tex., July 3 (#)—Handing over six pistols, a shotgun and a rifle, two convicts who fled the retrieve prison farm June 19 after shooting down a guard, surrendered last night to officers near Thornton. The convicts were Luke Trammell and Forrest Gibson. Sheriff Will Adams, leading a posse, stepped out in the road in front of the convicts’ approaching car, pointed & sub-ma- chine gun—and the two got out, arms aloft. : A third escaping convict was cap- tured previously. tana is broken off 4 inches as an emplem of the King’s mercy. SECOND-OFFENSE SPEEDING. : Robert C. Mattingly, 1441 B street northeast, $25. FIRST-OFFENSE SPEEDING. ‘ Turner C. Trippe. no address. $10. Clarence H. Coler, 6805 Georgia ave- nue, $5. Nathan P. Cohen, 200 Massachusetts | avenue, $5. | Eugene Parkham (alias Eugene Par- | ham). 25 Congress court, $5. | | Herbert Burnett, 310 H street south- west, $10 | Joseph E. McGill, Continental Ga- rage, $5. Clarence Norden, 925 K street. $5. John E. Wood, Maryland, $10. | George E. Harding, 56 New York | avenue, $5. | SUSPENDED PERMITS. Beverly H. Brown, 1575 Flower ave- | nue, Takoma Park, 30 days. Max Coe, Forest Glen, Md., 30 days. Hazel T. Cowling, 1661 Crescent | place, 30 days. | Michael M. Crosby, Brandywine, Md., 15 days. Joseph Deleon. Ballston, Va., 15 days. Joseph G. Dickerson, 1527 Four- teenth street, 30 days. Roland C. Diggs, 710 Thirteenth street northeast, 15 days. Herbert P. Fales, 900 Nineteenth street, 30 days. i Romeo P. Gendron, Silver Spring, | Md., 30 days. “ Edward S. Graves, Edmonston, Md., | 30 days. George L. Handy, 4245 Meade street northeast, 30 days. Robert L. Lavender, 3723 T street, 30 days. Morin Lomax, 1417 Newton street, 30 days. John D. Marsh, Potomac Park Apart- ments, 30 days. Abilio 8. Martins, 48 H street north- east, 30 days. Sylvester H. Moriarty, 1620 Southern avenue southeast; 15 days. Robert H. Mosley, 811 M street, re- voked. Raymond B. Payson, 1319 Ritten- house street, 15 days. Frank W. Petchnik, 9 Sixteenth street southeast, revoked. GOING AWAY? Accident and Baggaze Insurance. Le Roy Goff 1036 Woodward Bldg. Natl. 0340. SPECIAL S.ALE. 10- 20-30-40-50-70 HIGH HEAT-RESISTING QUALITIES GREATER NATURAL DILINESS LASTS LONGER » LONGER (AR LIFE Wackerman, Riverdale, 2d, 2438 Bel- 1235 Madison Firemen Refused Hour Cut. { London firemen have been refused a 48-hour week. ON YOUR VACATION THE STAR e oo keepin touch with home Mail or leave your ad- dress or itinerary at The Star Business Office and The Star will be mailed to you with the same dis- patch as if you were in your own home in Washington. | | PETPTTTTE PR TP E AR TPV Ty FRIDAY, JULY 3, 1936. LANDON SPEEDS WORK ON SPEECH Views on Farm Relief Hinted PANAMA IS LACKING MINISTER TO U. S. | Office Temporarily Vacant After Dr. Alfaro Quits in Political Row. Panama was temporarily without a Mnister in the United States today after the resignation of Ricardo Alfaro from that post after 16 years of service. Dr. Alfaro resigned vesterday at Panama City, supposedly because of disapproval of the government's atti- | tude in the present political situa- tic in ntry. According to an Associated Press | im patch, his brother, Horatio Alfaro, }fll.f- ce minister, also resigned | Both resignations were accepted and no appointments were announced. At the legation here no comment was forthcoming today. It was indi- cated. however, that Dr. Alfaro will return to Washington soon to make his home here. Elizabeth L. Rickard, 2913 Kml; place northeast, 15 days James G. Sayles, 106 Euclid street. 15 days Daniel W. Md., 15 days. Jack B. Welden, 5814 Broad Branch road, 45 days George V. Wheeler, mont road. 30 days. Ralph I Williams, street, 15 days. Surrey Thanked. As a token of thanks for the help St v has given the distressed dis- trict of Jarrow-on-Tyne, England, Jar- row has extracted a stone from its parish church and sent it to Surrey to use in constructing its new Guildford Cathedral. Saddlery and |TRUNKS-*%.: Repairing of Leather Goods G. W.King, Jr., 511 11thSt.N.W. Fededekdr ek bk dede ok e de ek RATES by MAIL Payable in Advance Maryland and Virginia Evenin & Sunday Evening Sunday One Month, 85¢ 50¢ 15¢ 40 One Week. 25¢ 10¢ Other States and Canada Evening & Sunday Evening Sunday One Month. $1.00 50e 30¢ I8 One Week 25¢ 15e RARARARAAARAARA A AR AA A AR K A A A he Foening - Staf as Governor Shapes Ac- ceptance Address. fy the Assoeiated Press. ESTES PARK, Colo, July 3.— Speech drafting and political confer- ences occupied the major portion of Gov. Alf M. Landon’s time today—the last full day of his vacation. Surrcunded by his campaign aides, the Republican presidential nominee faced more work on the acceptance speech which he will deliver July 23 ' at Topeka. ‘The presence of Earl H. Taylor in- dicated the Governor may deal with the farm problem in his acceptance address. Taylor, former associate editor of & national farm weekly, has been assisting the Governor in pre- paring agricultural material for the campaign. A possible hint as to the nominee’s stand on farm relief came from Sena- tor Robert D. Carey, Republican, of ‘Wyoming, after his conference yester- day with the nominee. Senator Carey told ncwsmen that “Gov. Landon agreed that some better form of farm relief than benefit pa ments to farmers should be found.” Part of the Governor's time today was to be given over to a conference with W. B. Bell, New York, chairman of the Republican Finance Committee, Bell, his aides and prominent Colo- rado- Republican leaders were to be luncheon guests at the ranch home the Landons have leased for the Sum- mer. McKINLEY FIGHT RECALLED. CHICAGO. July 3 (#).—John D. M Hamilton said today, “The 1936 pres- idential campaign spirit is the nearest approach to that of the McKinley contest we've ever seen.” The Republican national chairman in an interview, quoted Gen. Charles G. Dawes, former Vice President, as | authority for his comparison—made | after a dinner last right of the II- linois Republican Pinance Committee. at which Hamilton was the chief speaker. ‘The Middle West and the West are aroused,” Hamilton said. “In the East, destruction of the textile in- dustry through the Democratic party policies woke the people early. reciprocal tariff agreements roused Midwest and the West. At last the people are, in the face of new tax WOMAN ON STAND INNAVY SPY GASE Friend of Former Yeoman ‘to Relate Evidence of Deals With Japan. ) the Associated Press. LOS ANGELES, July 3—The woman in the naval spy case—a pretty Japanese waitress—was called upon to testify in the trial of Harry Tnomp- | son, accused of selling United States Navy secre's to & Japanese, She is Janet Ono, who has de- 2y herself as a friend of the , & former yeoman in the She said the did not know io Miyezaki, asserted lieutenant nder in the imperial Japanese who was indic‘ed with Thomp- son on charges they conspired to vio- late the espionage act. Clyde Thomas, assistant Federa! attorney, said the Government ex- pects to complete its case by night- fall. The last witness called before court | adjourned yesterday was S. Hirano assistant manager of the Yokoham: Specie Bank of San Francisco. The | Government placed him on the stanc in 1ts efforts to show that Thompson | obtaining confidential _information concerning the Uhited States Navy was paid for that information b; Miyaz.aki Hirano identified a check purchase by Mivazaki and indorsed by the dc fendant Lennie Thompson, not related Harry, testified he met the defen in Long Beach, .Calif., in 1934, that Thompson told him he was work ing for Japan “He came to my house and when ! asked leim for whom he was working he said, ‘a foreign power,’" the w | ness testified. “I asked him if | was Russia and he said ‘no.’ So then I mentioned Japan and he admitted | it was Japan.” Egypt Fights Narcotics. Egypt is warring on dope p: ‘The | bills, realzing that they must pay for the Roosevelt piping.” Hamilton declared that Democratic | pronouncements of opposition to mo- | nopoly, plans to balance the budget and promises to uphold the civil serv- jce system were made with an eye to the platform previously adopted at the rival nominating convention. “Hardly was the ink dry on the | anti-monopoly plank of the Repub- | lican platform when Mr. Roosevelt suddenly deplored the evils of monop- oly and added our pledge on this issue to his own platform,” said Hamilton “Hardly was the ink dry on the civil service plan when Mr. Roosevelt again followed our lead, to the astonishment of the Nation, which is well aware of his record on civil service. After reading the Cleveland platform, Mr. Roosevelt decided once more to prom- ise a balanced budget.” NO WE OFFER YOU THE FAMOUS FRESH Lemonade A cool, refreshing Summer drink: amount of Roma California Claret Wine . . . It's an old favoritel “FROM AMERICA'S LARGEST WINERIES The Roma Wine & Liquor Co | Baltimore Alcohol 17% to 14% b Volume that we tan get peaches -sun-ripened on the tree- PEACH ICE CREAM