Evening Star Newspaper, June 29, 1936, Page 8

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TBe Bunday only.__._ $5.000 1 mo.. 50c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited tn it or not otherwise credited in this Daper and also the local news published herein All rights of publication of special dispatches also reserved Four Long Months. The tumult and the shouting of the political conventions dies and the cam- paign begins. For four long months—to follow a formula lately made vocal at both Cleveland and Philadelphia—the country will go through the stress of battle, on a Nation-wide front. It is not a long period, in the life of a nation, but while it lasts it seems very pro- tracted. There will be mass meetings, smaller gatherings, with speakers ring- ing the changes on the issues of the campaign. There will be a continuous din in the air as the radio carries the words of spellbinders to the multitudes. There will be acres upon acres of printed matter as the text of these speeches and the synopses of campaign deliverances are lald before a patient public. It has been forecast that this will be e “dirty” campaign, that charges of mis- conduct and deceit, malfeasance and scheming are passed back and forth. Already the spirit of the intense rivalry that assumes the nggresih’e is manifest. Fach side will, through the mouths of its chosen agitators, impugn the good faith of the opposition and assail the repute of the enemy. This is no new phenomenon. It has been presented in this country for more than a century and a quarter. The party system which is the characteristic of a free government has worked through that process with few exceptions each quadrennial period, with no lasting harm to the foundations of the American in- stitution of political self-determination. These four months will be ample for the thorough debating of the questions now before the electorate. In fact, the fssues are already as well understood as the country needs for its declaration of will in respect to the single question of rontinuing the New Deal or quitting it. Whether many voters will be changed in their present attitude by the clamor and the eloquence -and the statistical demonstrations of the proponents and the opponents of the administration which seeks continuance is a question that cannot be answered now. To win the election the Republicans have to convince several million people who voted Democratic in 1932 that they erred. On their side the Democrats must persuade those millions that they voted right in 1932 and should vote the eame way this year. It has been fre- ouently observed that Mr. Roosevelt was elected by Republican votes. That 1s nndeniably the case. Are those Repub- lican votes to be recaptured by the Re- publican candidates? Or is the equation complicated by new factors which ob- scure the old party lines? A third party {5 in the making, which may have an effect upon the final reckoning. It would seem to be impossible to predict its effect or the degree to which the Re- publican shift to the Democratic side four vears ago will be reversed this year. Optimism may inspire predictions on both sides. The old law of reaction may have a determining bearing upon the matter. Not all who voted Democratic in 1932 after years of Republican voting will remain Democratic, nor will all return to their old lines. And further- more there is in the fleld today & new generation of voters, become of age since 1932, whose affiliations are unknown and virtually unknowable. With them may rest the decision. Four long months hence and the re- sult will be known. Not until then. ] It may as well be frankly understood that when convention reference was made to “Al Smith demonstrations by Republican hoodlums,” no announce- ment was intended of a suspected local coalition. el Where Was the “Fraud?” After brief sojourn on the lofty peaks of Elysium, whither they were wafted on the breezes of sublime convention oratory, it is something of a jolt to the American people to be set down pgain among such mundane things as cancellation of airmail contracts. But, bumps or no bumps, that is where at- tention is now diverted by Attorney General Cummings’ labored epistle to his colleague, the Postmaster General, {nforming him solemnly that “in the exercise of sound discretion (the air- mail suits) may be compromised.” Compromise is reached in five of the fifteen suits, brought against the United States by the airmail companies whose Government, contracts were cancelled overnight by Mr. Farley on the ground of fraud. Cancellation of the airmail contracts, following the hot pursuit of wickedness by Senator Black's investigating com- mittee, came on a cold day in February of 1934. Followed the calamitous at- :empt by the Army, unequipped and un- prepared, to fly the mails, which cost, the lives of mine aviators, Followed also she almost immediate retention of Colonel Carl O. Risti as a special assistant to the Atto General, who was to handle the legal proceedings apparently anticipated—which, in fact, should have been anticipated after the Postmaster General's grave and un- proven charges. A year and a half has passed, in which Colonel Ristine has gone thor- oughly into the business. If he has made a report, it has never been made public. It may never be made public. But there was not enough “fraud,” the Attorney General now discovers, “as to justify or require criminal proceed= ings.” While the Attorney General says the contracts were obtained under pro- ceedings which were “highly irregu- lar,” the Department of Justice offers no proof that such was, indeed, the case. The disposition of the ten re- maining suits pending before the Court of Claims will be awaited with interest. “Sound discretion” on the part of the Government may also advise their settlement. r——— For a Nazi Danzig. Troubles of the League of Nations seem endless. At the very moment the perturbed Geneva powers are assembling to liquidate the Italian sanctions flasco, fresh complications confront them in Eastern Europe. Out of a clear sky the Nazis of the free city of Danzig, which has been under League super- vision since 1920, have taken action smacking of a declaration of inde- pendence. The Hitlerite leader pro- claims in & public manifesto that the League has become “superfluous” in Danzig affairs, particularly with refer- ence to the city's relations with Poland. festo in Germany, the Reich govern- ment, through one of its official mouth- pieces, openly supports the anti-League move. “A state with many centuries of old traditions and culture such as Danzig,” the Berlin foreign office organ asserts, “does not need a governor or governess.” Then follows a veiled warn- its hands off the territory. ship in Danzig would directly violate the treaty of Versailles and require prompt League action. Having resorted to rearmament and to remilitarization of the Rhineland in defiance of the peace pact, Berlin is apparently now ready to risk yet another abridgement of that sadly shattered document. The Germans, having also observed League futility in connection with Italian ag- gression against Ethiopia, are altogether unlikely to be curbed by any action at Geneva from execution of their long- cHerished purpose to restore Danzig to German sovereignty. Evidently the Nazis do not even fear that Poland will obstruct their plans. Danzig was con- verted into a “free city” at Versailles as & compromise between the Poles’ de- mand for a sea outlet for their shipping and the peace negotiators’ fears of placing an essentially German popula- tion -under another nation's control. Since then the Poles have established a port of their own at the head of the corridor and, in addition, have a ten-year understanding with Hitler, safeguarding them from any German designs on the corridor, which drives a wedge between the Reich's eastern- most provinces. The League high commissions in Dan- zig retain only a shadow of power. Nazi agitation among the preponder- antly Teutonic population has resulted in progressive German ascendancy. The opposition of the Polish minority is wholly ineffectual. If Warsaw now fails to act and the League reveals inability or unwillingness to thwart Nazi am- bitions, Danzig sooner or later is destined to go the way of the Saar—back to Germany. That would represent the latest, though probably not the last, of Hitler's efforts to undo the “injustices” inflicted upon the Reich by the “victors” of Versailles. Also it would drive one more nail in the coffin of the League. ———s The Atlantic City ad showing mer- maids on the beach was a charming in- cident of the Philadelphia display. Per- haps it would have been good business for General Farley to assess the famous ocean resort for a share of the conven- tion expenses. S The demand for speedier procedure in nomination conventions brings the time dimension again into consideration. By eliminating the two-thirds vote it may be possible to put the ceremonial through in one-third of the time. ————s. Defeat of the Canal. The Florida Ship Canal is undoubt- edly dead until after the election. What happens to it in the next session of Con- gress depends pretty much on the elec- tion. But the refusal by the House to accept the administration proposal that feasibility of the canal be determined by a Board of Engineers, and that only in case of approval would the President be permitted to allot $10,000,000 for con- tinuing work, means an indefinite delay in completion of a project that will ulti- mately cost between one hundred and forty-two and one hundred and sixty million dolars. In the meantime, here is the descrip- tion of the work so far undertaken, now to be abandoned, as given by Represent- ative Green of Florida: “Six thousand men are employed di- rectly on the job. Seventeen million cubic yards of earth have been excavated. The people of that portion of the State of Florida traversed by the canal have bonded their property for nearly $2,000,- 000 and have purchased and contributed [to the Federal Government the right of way, comprising many thousands of acres of land. An excavation has been opened across the central portion of the State nearly sixteen miles long, four hundred feet deep and thirty feet wide. A great bridge, with its piers rising forty feet into the air, is in course of con- struction.” The point was made, in the rather lackadaisical debate on the canal proj- ect, that the canal has been & boon to Flerida relief kers. It undoubtedly has. But if xlmt was the only Coincident with circulation of the mani- | ing to the League to take and keep | Any attempt to set up a Nazi dictator- | THE consideration in such undertakings, the obvious way to meet the difficulty now would be to turn right around, fill up the canal, take down the bridge and give or sell the right of way back to its former owners, EVE vee—s “A Few.” The phrase “a few” is somewhat in- definite. Senator Alben W. Barkley per- haps meant to be not too explicit when, _in his keynote speech at Philadelphia, he confessed that he was aware of the fact that “a few little pigs” had been done to death by the New Deal in its A. A. A. program of “planned scarcity.” He also was not over-anxious to be specific about cotton. Yet he did so far yield to the critical opposition as to admit that “a few rows” had been plowed under. But records are available to correct any misapprehension the public might enter- tain. The Roosevelt administration has been measurably mindful of the his- torical importance of statistics. Hence, each day of the A. A. A. massacre was carefully charted in terms of destruc- tion. Porcine totals show the elim- ination of 5,140,984 so-called “light” pigs, weighing 80 pounds or less each; 1,083,738 “heavy” pigs, weighing over 80 pounds each, and 222144 sows—altogether ap- proximately one-tenth of the baconian population of the United States. As for cotton, official reports testify to the destruction of 10,400,000 acres in 1933 alone. Data for 1934, 1935 ard 1936 are still in process of compilation. To the normal mind, then, “a few” would signify quite a lot. But Senator Barkley has caught the contagion of Rooseveltian arithmetic. When he uses | the phrase he means multiple muitiples. b Since an airplane fell on the Nor- mandie aeronautics may point to a slight | margin of safety. Nobody ever heard of an ocean liner falling on an airplane. This comparison, of course, means nothe ing, yet is about as sensible as some of | the arguments advanced to show that aircraft in its present stage of develop- ment provides an absolutely safe method of travel. e Photographers are sometimes rather abruptly dismissed. The political smile | has been so well rehearsed that it is no longer needful for an artist to devote prolonged attention to persuading & candidate for pictorial fame to adjust his features so as to look pleasant. — e One-Eye Connelly crasned the Phila- delphia convention gate with ease. He ! could not do this at a prize fight. | Pugilism in some respects is better systematized than politics. e Agencies that collect royalties on dance tunes should be called upon immediately to forego their claims in order that politicians of every belief may enjoy freedom of the saxophone. — s et Critical attention in quest of “drama” cannot fail to admire the art displayed in delaying the entrance on the scene of the real star of the production at Philadelphia. — e Even the intellectual authority of the Department of Agriculture is confronted with difficulty in a plan to plow under | the United States Supreme Court. Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Radio’s Hiss in the Dark. (Reported by Astronomers.) Somebody hissing In yon Milky Way! Somebody sissing Earth and our display! Just whn we are working hard Getting politicians starred. Here comes a hissing, Radio listeners say! Big drums are sounding With gigantic grace. Cheers are abounding All around the place. Philadelphia gives a show ‘To surpass the long ago— ‘But hisses are sounding From the depths of space! A Merry Pun. “Are you sure the ‘ayes’ really had that vote?” “In some confusion,” replied Senator Sorghum, “you can't believe your senses. In studying the vote a chairman may observe friendly faces that warn him to use his eyes rather than his ears.” Hero Worship. The eyes of youth we'll dazzle soon With patriotic display, As we illuminate the tune The big band wagons play. Our hero with respect is seen. At him we'll never scoff— The man upon the village green Who shoots the fireworks off! Figures. “The star we have discovered,” said the astronomer, “is revealed by light which started 3,000 years ago, traveling at the rate of 186,400 miles per second, which would make—" “Go ahead!” said the political econo- mist. “Make your string of figures as long as you like. But for the love of Heaven, and also of earth, don't put a dollar mark in front of them!” “We have had wise men,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “who built a great wall to keep trouble out and there- by only provided an enemy with stones to throw at us.” Wagon Squeals. Some & great convention sought Their rhetoric to rehearse; Some to hospitals were brought To say, “Good morning, nurse!” Contrasts may be brought in line When statesmen take & chance. Along with & band wagon fine Youll meet an ambulance. “De big noise of thunder,” said Uncle Eben, “is what scares us, even thunlh it doesn luppen till after de ligh has STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, THE POLITICAL MILL BY G. GOULD LINCOLN. The Democrats have nominated their candidate for President for the®four- year term beginning next January. Who will be the Democratic nominee for Chief Executive in 1940? Either Frank- lin D. Roosevelt will be found seeking third term, or the Democrats will pick another man. Mr. Roosevelt, who has still to be elected for his second term, has certainly given no indication so far that he will endeavor to break the tra- dition, coming down from George Wash- ington, that limits a President of the United States to two terms of office. There is no law denying a President a third term of office if he can get it. Theodore Roosevelt was President for more than seven years, his first service in the White House growing out of the assassination of President McKinley. He issued a statement immediately after he had been elected for his sec- ond term of office to the effect that he would abide by the old two-term tradi- tion and that he considered his first three and a half years as a first term. Later he changed his mind about seek- ing another term of office and was & candidate in 1912, first for the Re- publican nomination and then as the candidate of the Bull Moose party. He was not seeking a third consecutive term, but still, a third term. Gen. Grant, the hero of the War to Pre- serve the Union, tried for a third-term nomination, but failed. Calvin Coolidge, who succeeded Harding as President when the latter died a vear after his election, and who later was elected and filled & four-year term, doubtless could have had another nomination if he had not issued his “I do not choose to run” statement. * X ¥ X As T have said, the President has given no indication that he plans to seek a third term, nor have any of his friends put forward such an idea. That is & matter which he and his friends may have to consider, but not now. If not Roosevelt for 1940, who then? The Democratic National Convention just closed has had an opportunity to look over several probable entrants in the next race for their party’s presidential nomination. They have not only seen these gentlemen, they have heard them. Some of them took their part in the 57 varieties of seconding speeches which were uttered from the platform when President Roosevelt’s name was pre- sented for the presidential nomination. For example, there was Gov. Paul V. McNutt of Indiana, handsome, a former national commander of the American Legion, and “Happy” Chandler, Gover- nor of Kentucky, who carried the ad- ministration banner in the race for the gubernatorial nomination of his State against the hostile former Gov. Ruby Laffoon. There are Gov. George Earle of Pennsylvania and Senator Bennett Clark of Missouri, also, both of whom talked to the delegates. Earle delivered an address of welcome when the con- vention began and got away with it very well. Clark led the fight to abro- gate the two-thirds rule and was en- tirely successful. In addition, Clark made & speech to the convention sec- | onding the nomination of Vice President Garner. ok ok Earle and Clark, McNutt and Chand- | ler are of the newer comers who have made their mark in the Democratic politics. McNutt has built himself a | strong organization in the Hoosier State. He is going out of office, for he is not a candidate for re-election. He has. how- ever, succeeded in having the Demo- crats nominate his choice as his suc- cessor. He will remain the power behind the throne and continue to control the organizatien, it is said. Indiana may figure that it is her turn to have a Democratic presidential candidate four vears hence. Earle's chances may very well depend upon whether Pennsyl- vania this year sticks to its newly found inclination toward the Democratic party. If Pennsylvania goes for Roosevelt next November, Earle’s chances for the presi- dential nomination may be enhanced. If Pennsylvania returns to its old Re- publican moorings Earle will not have so good a chance, unless, indeed, he should be renominated and re-elected Governor in 1938, when he would come up for re-election. * ok x % The abrogation of the two-thirds rule by the Democratic National Convention probably will stick for future conven- tions. Having cast off that incubus, the Democrats are scarcely likely to go back to it. Certainly it would seem in- credible that any future candidate and his friends should insist upon two-thirds rule applied to him chances in the convention. It is far easier to obtain a majority vote than a two-thirds vote, if there is anything in political arithmetic. Incidentally, it might be easier for a President to win a third-term nomination under a ma- Jority rule than a two-thirds rule. But here again, there is no reason to believe that President Roosevelt had any such purpose in mind when he backed the abrogation of the two-thirds rule, and the administration forces got back of the movement in the convention last week. * k ¥ ¥ ‘The Democrats, certainly of the New Deal variety, are too satisfied with their newly nominated presidential candidate to be paying much attention, serious at- tention, to what may happen in 1940. They believe that the reaction of the country to President Roosevelt's accept- ance speech will be such that his chances will be greatly increased. Some of them are likening Roosevelt's address in Philadelphia to Lincoln's address at Gettysburg; say that it will go down in history alongside of Washington's fare- well address and other great utterances by great Americans. It is too early to say yet what the reaction throughout the country will be; what will be said in California and Maine remains still a conundrum. To those who were close to the picture it seemed that the speech must be effective and will have its ap- peal to a great many people. * koK * The President stated the issue of the coming campaign in words more plain than any he has hitherto used, al- though both in annual message on the state of the Union to Congress last January and in his Jackson day dinner address he seemed to go far enough along the line he has carved out for the campaign. He makes the issue that of the “average man” against the success- ful men of industry, banking, etc. There are certainly more of the “average man” than there are of the successful men, successful in the big way that the Presi- dent may point to them as makers of & new economic dynasty and as “eco- nomic royalists.” If Mr. Roosevelt can get all the “average men” to vote for him it would look as though his re- election were certain. The President and his New Deal friends, however, may have a tough time convincing the people that Alf M. Landon of Kansas is an “economic roy- alist,” once the people have seen the Governor of Kansas and Republican standard bearer. He does not: give the impression of being & royalist—not so much so, indeed, as does Mr. ?unu imselt. - MONDAY, JUNE 29, 1936 THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. “Stop, look and listen,” the old rsil- road warning, gives place to “Think, plan and plant,” in gardening. All too often the beginning amateur gardener reverses the order. He plants first, plans a little, in succeeding years, but sometimes does not think at all. And this is too bad, for thinking, in some form or other, is the beginning and end of garden wisdom. Not the over-elaborated and meticulous think- ing which would make a ledger out of a back yard, but the true sort which puts first things first, and lets the re- mainder pull up behind, as they should. Begin with the beginning, not the ending. Begin with the lawn, trees and shrubs, not with roses. What is the first thing the average person wants, when he comes into pos- session, for the time being, of a plot of ground as large as a handkerchief? Roses, of course. The country, the whole world, is rose- conscious. This is & wonderful tribute to a wonderful flower, but it really isn't thinking, in a garden sense. There is no flower more difficult to raise well, under average garden condi- tions, and certainly none which more deserves to be properly grown. Notice we say “well-raised,” not just raised, or grown. Any one can raise roses, but it takes real brains of the best gardening sort to raise them as they ought to be raised. The world is full of poor roses, just because so many persons insist on beginning at the end, rather than at the beginning. * X X % obvious. It is the ground, the good earth of hopes and dreams, apple blossom scented earth of Spring, earth of Sum- mer fullness and Autumn leaves, and snow and Winter ice. There is no real beginning in a garden, except with the plot of ground itself, the beginning and the end, too, for that matter. This is so obvious that it might seem that every one would keep it in mind, but the plain fact is that very few do keep it in mind, but most start off on the tangent of roses and iris and peonies and pools and a thousand and one matters which prop- erly should come along later. In the first place, it is utterly impos- | sible for even the most intelligent per- son to know how a plot of ground is going to “stack up,” as the phrase has it. There is no seeing, at first, just where a pool will fit in properly, if at all. Everything in the beginning gar- den is untried, unproved. Time is the | essence of things hoped for, the real alpha and omega, before which nothing, and behind which very little. Every new garden is its own problem, the solution of which time will work out, provided the owner uses his head a bit from the start. * x ¥ % If there ever was a place to go slow, it is the small garden. It is the place to grow slow, too. The old saying, “Make haste slowly,” | speci vhich ‘The beginning of every garden is | pecinén Whioh requirts the appiles just a bit better in the garden than elsewhere, except in the street, where, if it could be carried into effect, the traffic problem would be solved overnight. Going slow in the garden means at- tending to first things first, notably trees, lawn and shrubbery. So often the beginner thinks that just because the builder has put in a foun- dation planting at the front of the house, he has no more need for thought in the matter of evergreens and shrubs. The builder has planned, or let us hope he has, for the house, but usually not so much so for the garden. When the real estate man steps out, the owner must step in, and he is a wise owner who thinks first of trees and their need, but not their over- doing; of good and varied shrubs, of & lawn which is green, and of the value of perennials in his borders, as well as a few annual flowers to make things bright the first season. * ok ok % Let the beginner realize that two or three years, with some study and much experimentation, will change his own views a great deal. This does not mean that he should not like what he likes, or that he should run to books and magazines or older gardeners every time a decision is needed. He should stand on his own feet, but at the same time he could solve many of his problems by the simple expedient of taking his time, and permitting time, the great teacher, to modify and better his own taste. The beginner who will heed this simple but elaborate wisdom—it is both —will see shortly that the horticultural longest time to grow, to wit, the tree, is pre- cisely the thing which should be thought about first, and not last. Many a householder has gardened and managed a home for 20 years before he ever gave trees a thought, and then it was too late, or was it? Is it ever too late for trees? Undoubtedly they mostly re- quire a long time to grow, and life is short and art is long, and so is horti- culture. Bide your time in the garden. Hurry in the street, because you must, or because others force you to, but go slow in the garden, where Nature works with you for beauty and growth. Real- ize that the universal mother takes her time. It is 17 years between the visita- tions of the cicadas. The life cycle of the slowest growing oak is as nothing in comparison with the eternal roll of | the centuries. The home gardener should realize that | if he wants to be in tune with the infinite, he must adopt some of the good qualities of infinity, one of which is slowness, rather than hurry. teaches anvthing, it is that all things come to them who wait. Surely the principle of the years is sure and slow. “The friends I seek are seeking me.” In the garden one must think first, then plan, then plant, and in that suc- | cession and by that order the most | beautiful and satisfying garden at last comes into being, a garden in which neither size nor cost or any other matter | counts except happiness. WASHINGTON OBSERVATIONS BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE. It's pretty generally agreed that both the Cleveland and Philadelphia national | conventions, from the oratorical stand- point, were far more distinguished for quantity than for quality. Nobody at either hullabaloo made a reputation as & Demosthenes. Speeches, with few ex- ceptions, were of the stereotyped con- vention brand, both in content and de- livery. Most politiclans nowadays say their spellbinding style is cramped by the necessity to talk to the radio microphone rather than to their visible audience. They alibi that they cannot let themselves go under such circum- stances, and that the inevitable result is colorlessness. Herbert Hoover carried off speaking honors at Cleveland. Sena- tor Bob Wagner of New York turned in the best oratorical performance at Philadelphia by reading the Democratic platform in tones that did not strain for eloguent effects. The four or five dozen speeches seconding President Roosevelt’s nomination resolved them- selves into a sort of elocutionary con- test. Of the lot, the address of Gov. Lehman of New York made the best impression. Senator Tom Connally of Texas acquitted himself impressively, too, during the deluge of seconding oratory. k% President Roosevelt, like many a lesser mortal, showed some of the physical effects of long hours of participation in the Philadelphia convention via radio, but he survived the ordeal. His medical advisers and others in the White House circle say that F. D. R. enters the 1936 fray in the pink of trim for the battle royal, which everybody expects to be the hardest fought presidential contest of the generation. Always a rugged campaigner, and usually the least easily fatigued of his travel mates, Mr. Roose- velt has indicated to party managers his readiness to engage in as intensive & personal canvass as may be de- sired, including a swing around the circle in the Fall, to embrace at inter- vals virtually every section of the country. * ok x % Chairman Farley, like most other boxing authorities, looked upon the late Schmeling-Louis collision as a push- over for the Detroit Negro. Many a Philadelphia conventionite, after im- bibing Big, Jim's sunny optimism about the outcome of the 1936 election, won- dered whether the Democratic political pundits may not turn out to be as lopsided in their cocksure predictions as the pugilistic fraternity recently was. Altogether it's been a sad year for experts. Europe's military sooth- sayers were 100 per cent wrong in prophesying that it would take Mus- solini at least two years to conquer Ethiopia. Then came the Schmeling- Louis upset. Are the New Deal star gazers destined to be the next to have their infallibility knocked into a cocked hat? * ok x % Much will be heard from the G. O. P. side, as the campaign progresses, about the “all-Western” ticket which the Re- publicans have put in the fleld. That claim does not stand the test of an- -geographical scrutiny. From the lat standpoint it is an “all-Eastern” ticket. Gov. Landon was born in Penn- sylvania and Col. Knox in Massachu- setts. The Roosevelt-Garner ticket per- sonifies an East-West combination, as does the Lemke-O'Brien Union party slate. * % % % Despite reports that abrogation of the two-third rule is meant to be the cur~ tain raiser of a Roosevelt third term movement, the woods already rever- berate with talk of 1940 Dem‘::ln'a!c young hopefuls. Early entries jude the names of Gov. Earle of Pennsyl~ vania, Gov. McNutt Senator Min- ton of Indians, Tydings of Maryland, Senator Clark of Missouri and Assistant Attorney General John Dickinson. If undiluted New Dealism is extant four years hence, it's even suggested that Secretary Wallace, W. P. A. Boss Harry Hopkins or Rural Re- settlement Administrator Rex Tugwell might have a look-in for Democratic presidential honors. * ¥ % % Senator Joe Guffey of Pennsylvania emerges laurel-crowned from the Democratic national convulsion at Philadelphia. He was engineer in chief of the plan to take the convention to the Quaker City, promising in re- turn not only a rip-roaring good time for all concerned, but also delivery of Pennsylvania's 38 electoral votes in the Roosevelt column in November. If that happens Guffey will mount into the highest bracket of Democratic lead- ers, and have claim to a position within the party comparable to those held in the G. O. P. by the legendary Keystone bosses, Matt Quay and Boies Penrose. The Pittsburgher’s acknowledged ambi- tion is to construct a Democratic organi- zation in Penn State which will be the peer of anything the State has ever known in the way of a political machine. Guffey’s supreme goal is said to be the nomination of Gov. Earle for the presi- dency. Earle was given many oppor- tunities at Philadelphia last week for & national build-up. He made a gen- erally favorable impression on Demo- cratic brethren from the provinces. * kX X While William Allen White, the sage of Emporia, was active at Philadelphia as a newspaper correspondent, he’s sure to have served Gov. Landon effectively there as holder of a watching and listen- ing brief. As the Kansan's unofficial chief scout on the late New Deal battle front, White will be able to supply the Republican standard bearer, his long- time personal friend, with an authentic first-hand account of the ins and outs of the Democratic conclave, from both personal and political angles, and give the Governor many a hunch for use on the hustings this Summer and Fall. Mr. White avows he will be active dur- ing the campaign only as a reporter, but hardly anybody is closer to Landon than he, and his seasoned counsel commands great respect. The editor of the Emporia Gazette would be one of the powers behind a Landon White House throne. * % ¥ % Diplomatic service at Washington is frequently the forerunner of high Gov- ernment honors at home for Latin American diplomats. In several in- stances during recent years they have retired as envoys to Washington in order to become foreign ministers or presidents of their countries. The latest Latin American statesman to be re- called from the United States is Dr. Enrique Finot, Minister of Bolivia, who has been appointed minister of foreign affairs at La Paz. Still in his early 40s, Dr. Finot was prominent in the negotiations, both at Washington and Geneva, which finally led to a settle- ment of Bolivia's war with Pareguay over the Gran Chaco. Dr. Finot, who has been on duty here since December, 1932, will be the only civilian in the military cabinet of the provisional gov- ernment which came into power after the political upheaval in Bolivia last month. (Copyright, 1936.) Not Necessary? Prom the Chicago Tribune. Jimmy Walker, being sued for $500 by a New York beauty shoppe on ac- count of bills run up by his first wife, contends that facial treatments lu not necessaries life, under the law. James gets a'woman jury he's sunk. If time | | with the National Safety _EVENING : ! ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. What is the population of United States?—M. M. A. The census is decennial. the last one having been taken in 1930. The Bureau of the Census makes estimates between census years and as of July 1 1935, estimated the population to be 127,521,000. No estimate has thus far been made officially for 1936. The rate of population growth has slowed down and it is not expected the 1936 estimate will exceed 128,500,000 It may not exceed 128,000,000, as the increase be-- tween 1934 and 1935 was only 895,000, the Q. Has any cartoonist made carica- tures of a whole House of Representa- tives?—S. P. A. Clifford Berryman, cartoonist of The Washington Evening Star, is prob- ably the only cartoonist who has car- tooned every member of any one Con- gress. He published “Berryman's Car- toons of the Fifty- Eirmth House.” Q. What is the highest amount of bonus paid to a World War veteran? - E. B. A. The largest bonus amounted to $1,592. Q. What was the name of the novel by Zola in defense of Dreyfus?—R. M A. The novelist came to his defense with “I Accuse.” Q. When was the turbine first used? —M. L. R. A. The turbine was used by De Laval in 1879 for driving a cream separator, and in 1884 Parsons built the first practical power turbine. Q. Are many people Canada?—C. P. A. Last year only 11.277 persons were admitted. The high mark of immigra- tion was reached in 1912-13. when 382,- 841 immigrants were admitted. Q. Has Gutzon Borglum who is also an artist>—N. N A. The younger brother. Solon, is alsn an artist, particularly devoted to the delineation of aboriginal American types. migrating to & brother Q. How many miles long is the dan River between the Sea of Gallee and the Dead Sea?—I. H. H. A. The Jordan River meanders such an extent that in direct distance of 65 miles it travels at least 200 miles. Jor- to Q. Where in Maryland was Stephen Decatur born?—L. K A. The famous naval officer was born at Sinnepuxent, Md. Q. What is the history of the Old Plank road between Petersburg and | Courtland, Va.?—C. S. A. This road is shown on Revolu- tionary War maps but was not then a plank road. It is not certain when it was improved, but the popularity of plank road construction began in the 1820s. This much is certain: During the Civil War the road was known as the Jerusalem Plank road, running from Petersburg to Jerusalem, Va. Jerusalem was later renamed Courtland and is so marked on modern maps.. It was customary to charge a toll on these plank roads, the fees being used to | retire and pay interest on the privately subscribed road bonds. The Jerusalem Plank road was the scene of a number of engagements during the siege of Petersburg, 1864-5. Q. When did Carlo Bergonzi live?— H. E. A. A. He was born in 1686 and died in 1747. He is considered to have been the best pupil of Stradivarius. He took over the house and workshop of the master. Q. Is there a device for estimating the amount of pectin in fruit juice?— M. R. A. A device called the jelmeter been developed for that purpose. has Q. What qualities are distinguished by the sense of taste?—E. M A. Four distinct gustatory qualities are appreciated—sweetness, bitterness, acid- ity and salinity. Q. What was the law in England known as benefit of clergy?—A. K A. By an ordinance enacted in 1087 | in England, any man sentenced to death could save his life if he could prove that he was a clerk, or man of learn- ing. This might be done by reading a certain verse of Scripture proposed to him. The privilege was known as benefit of clergy. It was officially with- drawn in the eighteenth century. Q. Where was Joe Louis, the fighter, born and what was his father's name? —C. B. A. He was born in the Buckalew Mountains, five miles from Lafayette, in Chambers County, Ale. His father was Munn Barrow, a cotton picker. Louis dropped the family name after hig fight with John Miler, in which he was defeated. Q. How many members are affiliated Couneil?— R. L. A. In 1935 there were more than 4.000 members, of which about 70 per cent were industrial concerns. Affiliated with the national organization were 51 local councils. Q. In what year did Buffalo Bill kiit the most buffaloes while furnishing meat to a railroad?—F. 8. A. The record kill of buffaloes by Buffalo Bill for the Kansas Pacific Railroad was made during the 1867-8 | season, when he killed 4,280 buffaloes. Q. What kind of a violet is it which is cultivated and sold by florists?—P. F. A.It is a European variety, Viola odorata. It has been cultivated in Eu- rope for hundreds of years. Q. Do Japanese royal persons sit fac- ing in a certain direction?—N. N. A. Japanese persons of high rank al- ways sit fncing south. A Rhyme at Twilight Gertrude Broolw Hamilton A Whimsy. Veiled in white mist Earth was star-kissed, And the Lady Moon hid her face. Every star-ray In twinkling play Danced down to Earth in light grace. ‘Then the Moon Queen, Smiling, serene, Rose in her majesty bright. Btar-rays went pale, m her vefl. e