Evening Star Newspaper, August 18, 1935, Page 31

" PRESIDENTIAL TIMBER INCLUDES 25 OF G. O. P. Man Who_Will Oppose Roosevelt, Mark Sull BY MARK SULLIVAN. REPUBLICAN of vigorous temperament, young enough A to be within the age period of those who are likely to man the party in the future, and experi- enced in party management—he was formerly acting head of the National Committee—is Robert H. Lucas of Kentucky and Washington. Lately Mr. Lucas made up a list of 25 men whom he regards as possibilities for the Republican presidential election next year. Mr. Lucas’ 25, alpha- betically set down, are: James M. Beck, Pennsylvania; William E. Borah, Idaho; Charles Curtis, Kansas; L. J. Dickinson, Iowa; Hamilton Fish, New York; Daniel O. Hastings, Delaware; Herbert Hoover, California; Harold G. Hoffman, New Jersey; Patrick J. Hur- ley, Oklahoma; Arthur M. Hyde, Mis- souri; Frank Knox, Illinois; Alfred M. Landon, Kansas; Arthur W. Little, New York; Frank O. Lowden, Illinois; Charles L. McNary, Oregon; Ogden L. Mills, New York; Harry W. Nice, Maryland; Gerald P. Nye, North Da- kota; Arthur R. Robinson, Indiana; ‘Theodore Roosevelt, New York; Ber- tram H. Snell, New York; Frederick Steiwer, Oregon; Arthur H. Vanden- berg, Michigan; James W. Wadsworth, New York; James E. Watson, Indiana. That seems a comprehensive list. Possibly it would be safe to say that somewhere among those 25 is the man who will run for President against Franklin Roosevelt next year. But this is a time when it is danger- ous to prophesy. One man frequently mentioned, Comptroller General J. R. McCarl of Nebraska, is not on the list. ‘There may be others. Also, there is still some faint possibility that: the Republic.ns may enter into a coalition party which, if it comes about, would give its presidential nomination to a Democrat. That possibility, however, tends to become less and less likely. Lindbergh Below Age. One omission from this list is un- doubtedly intentional. Col. Charles Lindberg is frequently mentioned as a possible Republican nominee, but Col. Lindbergh will be slightly below the constitutional age limit when the next presidential term begins. ‘Two other omissions are undoubt- edly intentional. Mr. Lucas does not include the two justices of the Su- preme Court who are occasionally mentioned in this connection, Justices ivan Says. of Oregon, and two from the Middle West, Dickinson of Iowa and Vanden- berg of Michigan. Other things being equal, the two from the Middle West have a better chance than the others. Indeed, it is quite certain that Sen- ator Dickinson and Senator Vanden- berg will be important, in the Repub- lican picture next year. Between the two, there is a faint distinction. With- out checking carefully the record of all the Senate roll calls since March 1, 1933, T should say that Senator Dick- inson has wholly and uninterruptedly opposed the New Deal, opposed all of it and all the parts of it. Senator Vandenberg, while strongly and very effectively opposing the fundamental principles of the New Deal, has ac- cepted or tolerated some minor parts of it. This slight distinction between the two may have some weight next year, depending on public feeling at the time, and on what line the Re- pulican platform takes. Borah a Man Apart. There is another Senator, Borah of Idaho. He is a Senator, but he is more than a Senator, in all respects a man apart, and in most respects a man above. He has been in the Senate neatly 30 years; he is now the old- est in service. In every presidential year since 1908, Senator -Borah has been mentioned as a possibility for the Republican nomination. Once or twice perhaps, had he chosen to go after it, he might have had it. He has never tried to get it. Time and again, to groups and individuals who wanted to bring the nomination to him, he has been smilingly indifferent. He may be the same again next year. It is a fact, however, that large numbers of Re- publicans in the Middle West and ‘West would like to get behind Senator Borah next year. Perfectly regular and orthodox Republicans in the West favor him. By backing Borah they can be regular and also appeal to the progressive and farm sentiment. It is quite possible that whether or not Senator Borah himself does anything about it, a considerable number of delegates may be voting for him when the convention opens. In the list of 25 Republican possi- bilities, three are members of the | House of Representatives—Bertrand H. Snell, James W. Wadsworth and Hamilton Fish, all of New York. Rep- resentatives, like Senators, are slightly handicapped by having gone on record . Harlan F. Stone and Owen J. Roberts. In omitting these Mr. Lucas reflects the best thought of the country and of the Republican party leaders. It can be taken as probable that the Re- publicans will not turn to any one on the Supreme Court to be their presi- dential nominee. At all times, it is a little dubious to do that. In the present circumstances, the particular objection is that in next year's cam- paign the Supreme Court, and the | Constitution, which the court inter- prets, is likely to be the main issue. | In that situation, the sanctity of the | court will be better served if the Re- publicans refrain from even talking | about the justices in any such active and partisan political connection as a presidential candidacy would be. Let us try to reduce Mr. Lucas’ list of 25 to more manageable pro- portions. Some of the names no | doubt are included merely in order to | give opportunity for the widest pos- sible expression of choice. But, on grounds of age and otherwise, we can eliminate former Vice President | Charles Curtis of Kansas, former Sen- | ator James E. Watson of Indiana, | former Gov. Lowden of Illinois and former Pennsylvania Representative James M. Beck. These belong to the older generation; they have been im- portant for 30, 40 and 50 years. They are not now in public life, and in the public mind they are identified with | older issues and older conditions. It | Pert Hoover, former Secretary of War | is quite certain, and natural, that the | Republican presidential nominee next | year will probably be a younger man; | certainly he will be one identified with | newer issues. Little’s Inclusion Puzzling. This brings the list down to 21. One we can omit, because of the slight public knowledge of him. The inclusion in Mr. Lucas’ list of Arthur W. Little, New York publisher, must have been a little puzzling to most of the local Republican leaders throughout the country, except, per- haps, those in New York. We now have our list down to 20. One I think we can omit on the ground that he is too strongly identi- fied with the exclusively and extremely so-called progressive edge of the party. ‘There is little likelihood of the Re- publicans nominating Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota; if the party is going in that direction at all it will stop with Senator Borah of Idaho, Wwho, while belonging to the progressive wing of the party, is not so extreme as Senator Nye and has much better standing in all respects. We now have our list down to 19, and it isn't prudent to make any further arbitrary eliminations. In the race for the Republican presidential nomination next year the fleld may be large. Five men on the list of 25 Repub- lican possibilities we can treat, in one narrow sense, as a group. The five are all Senators—L. J. Dickinson of Iowa, Daniel O. Hastings of Dela- ware, Charles L. McNary of Oregon, Frederick Steiwer of Oregon and Arthur H, Vandenberg of Michigan. It is quite possible that within this group may be the place where the lightning will strike. Yet just because these Senators are Senators they are under a slight handicap. They have been in the Senate during the whole period that the New Deal has been with us. Consequently they have been obliged to take definite stands, and vote on, every one of the New Deal measures, and on every other measure that has been before Congress. That is a slight handicap. By some of their votes or others, all these Senators must have offended one group or aenother of the voters. < They Must Makes Speeches. Also these Senators, especially three of them, are making speeches prac- tically every day the Senate is in ses- sion, and no doubt will continue to be maling speeches when the Senate is in session again next Winter. The speeches are on many subjects. The number and variety of these public utterances, just on the eve of a race for the presidential nomination, are not good for the utterers. Any one seriously and cautiously seeking the on all, or substantially all, the meas- | ures that have been before Congress | since the New Deal came in. While | this is a handicap, it is slight. I mean | no more than merely to say that as between a Congressman and, for ex- ample, a Governor, other things slightly the better chance. G. 0. P. Governors Qualify. Three on the list of 25 are Re- publican Governors—Republican Gov- ernors are a small tribe just now, and almost any Republican who succeeded in making himself Governor in the year 1932, by that uniqueness, qualifies as 8 presidential possibility. The three on Mr. Lucas’ list are Govs. Harold G. Hoffman of New Jersey, Alfred M. Landon of Kansas and Harry W. Nice of Maryland. Within this three there is an in- teresting distinction. Messrs. Hoff- man and Nice are Republican Gov- ernors of Eastern States; Mr. Landon is the Republican Governor of a Mid- dle West State. As between the two geographical locations the Middle West would, under normal conditions, have the more appeal. As of today, one would say that Gov. Landon of Kansas is decidedly 2 man to watch. There is a group of four who, speak- ing very roughly, can be treated as having to a slight degree a common quality. They are ex-President Her- Patrick J. Hurley, former Secretary of Agriculture Arthur M. Hyde and former Secretary of the Treasury Ogden L. Mills. The fact in common about these is that all were mer.bers of the Hoover administration. If any- body is selected from that adminis- tration, there are obvious reasons why it should be Mr. Hoover himself. If there is a handicap to Mr. Hoover the same handicap applies, in minor degree, to the three members of his cabinet. Three Others Remain. There remain three — Theodore Roosevelt, son of the great Repub- lican, Theodore; Arthur R. Robinson, who until this year was a Republican Senator from Indiana, and Frank Knox, publisher of the Chicago Daily News. In this particular group Mr. Knox has rather the best chance. In- deed, the arrangement of this article, which brings me to Mr. Knox as last to be mentioned, must not lead any one to take that as a sign of Mr. Knox's rating among the whole 25 Republican possibilities. Decidedly the contrary. A record of what is now going on would say there is rather more activity in behalf of Mr. Knox than for any other one. The reader will understand that this disquisition about a list of 25 Republican presidential possibilities does little more than resolve them into groups. Hardly ever was it so little possible to predict, nearly a year in advance, who the presidential nominee of any party would be. I have suggested that, other things being equal, the nominee is more likely to come from the Middle West than from either the Atlantic Coast or the Pacific. But even this likelihood may change. One cannot pretend to even suggest the respects in which the picture may change by 10 months from now. As of today, one might say, roughly, that as among the Senators, Mr. Dick- inson and Mr. Vandenberg have rather the best chance; that among the Gov- ernors, it is Mr. Landon of Kansas; that if any one identified with the Hoover administration is nominated, it would likely be Mr. Hoover him- self, and that among the candidates not now or previously identified with public office, Frank Knox is the leader. (Copyright, 1935.) Ruins of Ancient Lake Seen. ‘The ancient legend that the city of Sanyang was buried under the water of Taihu Lake hundreds or even thousands of years ago seems to be ccnfirmed by Chinese fishermen who say the ruins of the ancient city can easily be seen from the surface of the presidential nomination would from now on make comparatively few speeches, and these on carefully chosen topics. Geographically, the five Senators lake. Few Midgets Born. One child of every million becomes | being equal, the Governor would have | e DEMOCRATS WORRYING OVER OUTCOME IN 1936 Insurgency Has Sprung Up in Party and A. A. A. and Work Relief Has Caused Much BY JOHN SNURE. ONGRESS is champing at the bit to end the session and go home, and the main reason is not the heat here nor a need for rest, but simply that most House members and those Senators who are coming up for re-election are worried about political conditions back home. ‘This doubt, anxiety and perplexity over conditions is not confined to one party. It is necessarily more con- spicuous among the Democrats be- cause of their greater preponderance. Despite all denials and attempts to minimize it, there is no concealment of the fact the recent Rhode Island upset has disturbed a large number of the House Democrats, apart from those in the South, and the uneasi- ness, too, is obvious in Democratic circles in the Senate. As the session néars a close, there is more indication than ever of a revolt among the Democratic mem- bership in Congress against some leading phases of the New Deal. Talk in Democratic quarters in the cor- ridors and cloak rooms substantiates this, Flare of Insurgency. From time to time through this ses- sion insurgency among the Democrats has flared up against certain recom- mendations of the President. Prom- inent instances of this have been the rebellion against the huge works ap- Resentment. would vote against a large part of the New Deal. ‘What is coming to pass, it is clear, is that the Democrats in Congress, who at one time expected to sweep the country easily in 1936, are now beset with uncertainty, especially as to control of the House. Until lately no one has considered seriously the idea of loss of House control by the Democrats, although it has been as- sumed that the Republicans will make some gains. Today, while it is not expected generally that the Repub- licans will sweep into control, the number of distrcts which may be re- garded as doubtful is increasing. It is not at all out of the question | that the Democratic majority in the next Congress will be reduced to the point where Republican and insur- gent or independent elements are in virtual control. President Roosevelt, if re-elected, may find himseif with |a House nominally Democratic but out from under his domination. The | effect of such a situation easily can be imagined. Many Causes for Unrest. The causes for the gathering unrest are many. Industrial sections are aroused over the processing taxes and other phases of the A. A. A. The N. R. A, always disliked in the agri- cultural sections, has left there a | wake of bad feeling which is not | helped by talk of efforts to revive it. | Signs are numerous of concern among fv.axnnyer&—nnc all of them wealthy— propriation bill in the Senate, when men like Senators Carter Glass of Virginia, Alva B. Adams of Colorado and M. E. Tydings of Maryland pro- tested strongly against piling up the public debt and inviting a weakening of the Government credit; and the overwhelming refusal of the House to yield to administration demands for the “death sentence” in the utility holding company bill. But, on the whole, the majority in the two houses g-; voted for the administration ills. Nevertheless, Congress will wind up the session with Democratic insur- fency and dissatisfaction seething at both ends of the Capitol as never be- fore. Conservative Democrats of the East, North and West who are in- clined to rest their faith on Jeffer- sonian ideas are disaffected. Besides, there is dissatisfaction among the { more radical elements. The admin- | istration's policies swing too far to- ward the left to please the conserva- }nves, and the progressive and radical Democrats hold that the New Deal is MUSSOLINI AND EMPEROR HAILE SELASSIE REVIEW TROOPS IN PREPARATION FOR WAR. By GAETANO POLVERELLI Member of the Italian Parliament HE dispute between Italy and Ethiopia has become a serious affair. The attacks of the Ethiopians against the Italians at Gondar, Walwal, Afdub and Har- rar are publicly known facts; but what most people ignore is the gen- eral situation in the country itself. Ethiopia has a population of 10,- 000,000; Italy has 43,000,000 inhabi- tants in a small area and naturally | desirous of expanding. In these cir- cumstances some may say that Italy's policy threatens to become that of the strong trampling the weak. This is not the case. Italy chose a policy of friendship, collaboration and pacific economic penetration—the course fol- lowed by all civilized nations which repudiate violence. A policy of friendship, collabora- tion and pacific economic penetration was exactly what Italy had planned with regard to Ethiopia. In the spring of 1927, H. R. H, the Duke of the Abruzzi, a member of the Italian royal family, renowned as an arctic explorer, traveler and colonist, jour- neyed out to Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, as an ambassador of peace and good will. He took with him gifts from Italy, in the form of arms, curios and other objects which were pre- sented to Taffari; the list even in- cluded a tank! Obviously arms and weapons are tokens of friendship, for who would give them to an enemy? Italy wanted thus to pave the way, politically and spiritually, for the penetration of her own civilized cus- toms into Ethiopia, by first establish- ing cordial collaboration and recipro- cal understanding with these peoples. Ethiopia is a country of great unde- veloped resources, which would yield enormous profits if properly admin- istered. Treaty Made in 1928. This policy of friendship, which forced Italy to a difficult task of per- suasion, was patiently pursued throughout most of 1928, ending in a treaty of amity with the Ethiopian Empire in October of that year. The protocol was signed by Taffarl Ma- konnen, the present Emperor, in his own name and in that of his suc- cessors. Italy’s intentions were so loyal and friendly that she offered Ethiopia a free zone in the port of Assab on the Red Sea, in the Eritrean colony. It was also planned to pro- vide direct connection between Ethi- opia and this new outlet on the coast over a modern highway which Italy formally pledged herself to build. By accepting this proposal Ethiopia, which possessed no outlet to the sea except Jibuti, which is linked to Addis Ababa by the French railway—a some- what antiquated construction by now and {ll-suited to trade requirements— would have acquired free transit to and a free area on the coast, with speedy means for traffic. Travel by rail from Addis Ababa to Jibuti is painfully slow. Several days are required to cover the dis- tance, always stopping overnight for reasons of safety, since raiders and savage tribes hold sway over the desert wastes through which it runs. ‘The highway would have reduced the Jjourney to & matter of hours. Italians are past masters in road-making. With their help Ethiopia, whose trade and traffic are hindered by lack of com- munications, would gradually have ac- quired a road system almost equal to in the civilized countries of Free Zone Held Rejected. How did Ethiopia respond to Italy’ good will? Simply by all treaty to remain a dead and rejecting the offer of the free zone played ill feeling by arming, by act in a hostile manner, by attacking the are located thus: One on the Atlantic | a midget, while midgets are invariably | Italians on the boundaries and in the Coest, Hastings of Delaware; two on | the children of parents of normal | interior. Jihe Pacific Coast, McNary and Stelwéy size, declares a London normal conditions in Ethiopia is the absence of established boundaries. As far back as 1908 Italy vainly requested the demarcation of frontiers with Ethiopia. The appointment of a board of frontier experts was contemplated in that year, but Ethiopia failed to nominate her representatives. Mean- while bands of armed Ethiopians have also attacked the French possessions at Jibuti, and recently the French administrator, Bernard, and his native troops were massacred by Ethiopian | raiders. Who is responsible for these at- acks: the central government of |Addu Ababa or native chiefs in peri- | pherical areas? In any case, the im- !perhl government is responsible for disorder and anarchy which reign supreme. Such a state of affairs | would be incomprehensible in any | civilized country in Europe, America or elsewhere. It can be understood only in Ethiopia, where slavery and barbarism provide the foundations for social organization. The main cause of raids and at-| tacks is to be found in the slave trade, | still practiced extensively throughout Ethiopia. The horrors of slavery in | Ethiopa have furnished inexhaustible | BY GASTON NERVAL. OLIVAR, the great South American liberator, tried once B to make of Panama the center of a political union of all the American republics. Situ- ated on the geographical center of the Western Hemisphere, uniting the two Americas and the two oceans, Panama, in the Liberator's mind, was the ideal seat for the conti- nental alliance which he had dreamed to establish. The many forces which were working inces- santly for separation and disunion among the young states of Latin America—political changes, internal unrest, lack of unity in direction, lack of physical contacts, personal rivalries, etc. —defeated the Boli- varian endeavors and kept Panama from becoming the political link of union of North and South America. Today, however, a new attempt is being made at Panama to make of this historical place a center, this time not of political but of intellec- tual union among the nations of the New World. The “Centro de Estudios Pedagogicos e Hispanoamericanos de Panama,” which is now closing its first annual Summer School at Pan- ama City, gathered in the capital of the isthmian republic a group of out- standing leaders of thought from both Americas and the largest number of students ever assembled for the study of political, social and educational prohlems related to Pan Americanism. Founded by Decree. On WMarch 27, 1935, President Harmodio Arias of Panama issued a degree founding the Centro de Es- tudios and endowing it with $15,000 funds annually. On June 13, the statutes of the Centro were given legal sanction by another presiden- tial decree, which entrusted Dr. Salo- mon de la Selva, Nicaraguan educa- tor and a former Sandinista leader still in exile, with the task of plan- ning and directing the activities of the new institution. - According to those statutes, the primary aim of the Centro de Estudios is “to be an intellectual home for students the world over, especially for those of the American countries.” Further- more, the Centro is to maintain a permanent office for “relations with colleges, universities, learned societies and institutes of all sorts, for the purpose of promoting a fuller evalu- ation of Hispanic-American contribu- tions to world “culture” and of en- couraging education and mutual knowledge as the only solid founda- tions for inter-American understand- ""%ith these goals in mind, Dr. de la Selva was directed to organize s PANAMA CITY BECOMING INTELLECTUAL CENTER | quires Bolivar, Great Liberator, Once Sought tivities of All American Republics. to Have Isthmus Unite Political Ac- graduate courses open to foreign as well as to Panamanian students. The success which has attended this first attempt has already made of Panama, overnight, one of the leading educa- tional centers of Spanish America. Profound Interest Aroused. The Panama Summer University, as the courses offered by the Centro were properly described, brought to Panama a faculty never available be- fore at the same time or place; it aroused a profound interest not in Panama alone but throughout Latin America at large; and it threw light, through the variety of courses given, | on nearly everything that is worthy of study in the history, achievements, art and present problems of the Ameri- can republics, and in their relations with each other. A registration of more than 800 regular students from Panama, the Canal Zone, the United States and various Latin American countries—a record achieved by no other school of its kind—testifies to the significance of the new under- taking. The faculty included men of the caliber of Dr. Lester M. Wilson, pro- fessor of education in Teachers Col- lege, Columbia University; Dr. Paul Vanorden Shaw and Dr. Frank Tan- nenbaum, from the same university; Dr. Jose Antonio Encinas, a Cam- bridge University scholar who until recently held the rectorship of San Marcos University, Lima, Peru, the oldest university in America; Dr. Urel Garca, of the University of Cuzco; Dr. Jose Gabriel Navarro, of ['the University of Quito; Dr. Raul Carranca y Trujillo, of the National University of Mexico; Prof. Fals Fer- nandez of the American College of Barranquilla, Colombia; Dr. Ramon Grau San Martin, former President of Cuba and also a former rector of the University of Havana, and a host of other distinguished North, Central and South American leaders in educational and social reform. Many Courses Offered. Courses were given in Romance languages, in German and English, in literature, in education, in mod- ern problems, and in Hispanic American art, customs and folk- lore. Besides, there was organized a Spanish-American art exhibit, in con- nection with the art courses, in which over a hundred individual artists, including ancient, colonial and mod- ern schools, were represented, ranging from Mexico down to Ecuador and Peru. To the success of this exposition the Ecuadorian government contrib- uted largely by sending to Panama a very exhibit of A. P. and Wide World Photos. material for French, German, Italian and English literature on the subject. There are also many reports by re- ligious missionaries and societies against slavery. An interesting book, rich in documentation, is that recently published by Lady Simon, with an enlightening preface by Sir John Simon, former British foreign min- ister. Conditions of slavery have caused England to make a formal protest to the League of Nations. Indeed, the truth of facts cannot be doubted, as any one may discover by looking into the pile of existing publications bear- ing the signatures of scientists, poli- ticians, missionaries of all nationali- ties, who have traveled in Ethiopia | and have been eye-witnesses to most of the instances they describe. Ethiopia is losing blood from every pore. only systematic work and some legislative discipline to become one of the most productive in the world, it is having its population, al- ready sparse in outlying districts, daily decimated by the slave trade. The Ethiopians rule the empire from the upper tableland, while the people of Somali, of Dankali, of Galla, of Kaffa (to which coffee owes its name) live in servitude. Arabs, Negroes, Christians, Mussul- mans once ranging into millions are now reduced to a few hundred thou- sand, owing to the periodical raids made upon them by order of the native chiefs, who sell the human booty in the interior or smuggle it across the sea to Arabia. Slaves are a tragic sight to behold. Often, when they get near a white man, a murmur escapes them: “Have mercy, white man! Have mercy upon us in the name of God!” Slave trading may surely be defined as the most cruel and perfidious enter- prise ever planned by the human mind. Every year, every month, al- most every day hordes of savages as- sault entire populations, burning, slay- ing, kidnaping men, women, girls and children. They bind them in chains, beat them, torment them, drag them naked to the infamous market places where they are sold like animals. Bad Treatment Charged. Sometimes they are put through such tortures on the endless journeys that many die on the way, and others, are 50 exhausted by hunger, scourging and fatigue that they fall and are left to die. Slavery in Ethiopia is a disgrace to the twentieth century. Under Mene- lik the Ethiopian government received such pressure from societies for the abolition of slavery all over the world that proclamations were issued to re- press it. But they had no effect, as one gathers from the ban issued by the Empress Zauditu upon her acces- sion to the throne, which ran as fol- lows: “The Conquering Lion of Judah, the Empress Zauditu, daughter of the Em- peror Menelik, elect of God, and Ras Taffari, heir to the throne: The Em- peror Menelik proclaimed that the people should not buy or sell slaves, an order which has often been re- peated. We wish to confirm it again herewith. If slaves wete captured in the past, this was a form of indemnity for expenses supported in the various military expeditions provoked by their rebellions, and to help the work of civilization by forcing, them to live with the Christians. But at present slaves are being stolen and sold sur- reptitiously whenever possible, and those who refuse to submit to this im- position and be docile are killed. Who- soever shall be caught committing similar deeds in the future shall be sentenced to death.” Like the previous onés, this procla- mation remained a dead letter. Travel- ers have often remarked, however, that the emancipation of slaves would be impossible in the present economic, social and political conditions in Ethiopia. Local chiefs would have to (Continued - on Ilh? Page.) (Continued ongiighth Page.) A Tertile territory which re-| | too kind to the old order of things |and to big business. Able and skill- | ful as President Roosevelt is in pol- itics, it is impossible for him at one time to please both the conservatives and the radicals in his party. Dubious of 1936 Outcome. A leading House Democrat recently declared he was amazed at the feeling | 2gainst a number of administration | policies, and that it left him dubious about the outcome of the 1936 cam- paign in various parts of the country. He quoted a leading Southern Demo- crat as saying 90 per cent of the Democrats in his State, if they were to express their real convictions, over increasing Government expendi- | tures. That almost forgotten person, | the ultimate consumer, is beginning to | manifest himself and to desire some- |thing more than protestations of | kindly purposes to shield and protect him. The rebellion of Detroit house- | wives against meat prices may prove | far-reaching. While the new tax bill is con- | sidered as satisfying nobody, it has | centered public attention on the fact that after the elections another tax bill with teeth in it will come forth. | The defeat of the La Follette amend- ment, increasing surtaxes all along the line and lowering exemptions, has | not obscured the fact that the coun- | try soon will face much higher tax | burdens. One worry of a Democratic | legislator as he returns to his con- | stituents is what to say if his op- | ponents demand to know his stand | on tax legislation. | The manner in which the $4,000.- 000,000 works fund has been handles | has added greatly to the Democrats uneasiness. At a recent meeting o | the House Democratic Steering Com- | mittee on this subject nearly ever | member poured forth his wrath. Th | shifting of the works program anc | the inability of members of Congres to get allocations of funds have em barrassed them. Unemployment still remains high | Prospects are that the late Pall and Winter will see heavy demands on | local, State and Federal government for relief. Growing skepticism is | manifest as to the works program | coming anywhere near meeting its | advance promises. And there are prognostications of more large de- ’ mands for Government appropria- | tions. (Continued From First Page) of a high birth rate while the German birth rate is low. If the bars were | lifted in Danzig the Poles would flood | the city numerically in a decade. the same fashion they would soon be- come a majority in the East Prussian region, where land is held by large landholders who are bankrupt and but for government support would be obliged to sell their estates. Possession of Seafront Issue. Back of the immediate issue of Dan- zig, therefore, lies the larger question of the ultimate possession of the whole of the Baltic seafront from Lithuania to the Prussian province of Pome- rania. ‘There is, politically, no basis for compromise, because for both the German and the Pole the issue is com- plete possession of all of the land. In order to preserve their German char- acter the Danzigers have invited eco- nomic ruin. To keep their door upon the open sea the Poles have been ready at all times to risk war with Germany. What is now in progress is only & new phase of a drama al- ready seven centuries old. From start to finish, too, this con- temporary Danzig episode has demon- strated the fallacy underlying the whole idea of peace which dominated the mind of Wilson. Just as the Ethiopian episode discloses that the League cannot prevent a greaf nation from seeking colonial expansion by war, so the Danzig affair demonstrates that Geneva cannot permanently stop the struggle of races for territory which each holds vital to national ex- istence or security. Together these In| German-Polish Peace Is Threatened By Danzig’s Fight to Regain Trade two"affairs, the one colonial, the other racial, serve to demonstrate how mis- taken was the appraisal of the World War as a war to end war and how futile it is to attempt to found a sys- tem of permanent peace upon a series of paper pacts. Fight Will Go To Finish. It is this fundamental divergenc between German and Polish aims anc interests which deprives the truce signed on August 8 of all importance save as an expedient to postpone the clash both nations see to be inevitable eventually. Under pressure from Hit- ler, personally, the Danzig Nazis have vielded and the Poles have consented to modify in some details their prac- tical blockade of the city. Hitler has thus momentarily sacrificed Danzig because the alternative was, on the one hand, a break with Poland and, the other, financial support to the Free State beyond present German Tesources. But although the local Nazis have bowed to the will of the Fuehrer tem- porarily, the fight will go on and to a finish. The effort to make the Cor- ridor invisible for ten years has broken down in less than two. The basic incompatibility of Polish and German policies has been once more disclosed and, in European chancel- ieries, the region of the Vistula will | once more be marked in red as a danger zone. Before Autumn comes, too, the present incident may have produced very significant reprecus- sions, not merely in Berlin and War- saw, but also in Paris and Moscow. (Copyright. 1935.) Strength of Reich Fighting Force Declared Exaggerated for Effect BERLIN (#)—Foreign diplomats contend that there is a great share of bluff in the matter of the Reich's recreated army. Official statements of the Naz Army’s newly gained prowess are at- tributed to diplomatic maneuvering. Gen. Hermann Wilhelm Goering, who secretly built the new air fleet, has said he has the finest equipment in the world—the most modern means of manufacture, the best engines and pilots. Foreign observers who keep a close watch of movements, say “only mush- rooms grow overnight.” “Germany has the possibility of building a powerful war machine,” the observers said, “but the machine isn’t running yet.” They are none the less worried over what the future holds. With excellent industrial capacity and a dictatorship capable of shifting masses of laborers from one plant to an- other and from one part of the na- tion to another, and still maintain secrecy, the Reich can build swiftly. But the observers believe the com- plete reconstruction of an army re- quires more time than the Nazis have had. German leaders, while not saying there has been any overstatement as to the true position of the Reich's progress, nevertheless maintain that other countries have “whooped up” Reichsfuehrer Adolf Hitler's building program in order to obtain big gun budgets from their own parliaments. Boasts of “a miracle force,” diplo- mats believe, were made with the double purpose 1 covering up worry over the steel and diplomatic ring Prance is building around the Third Reich, and of dissuading opponents from attempting to start a “preven= tive war.” e Parachute Carries Mail. Three bags of mail were delivered by parachute recently from the Graf Zeppelin, flying at about 2,000 feet, to the Lisbon, Portugal, Airport, re- cently. A waiting German airplane immediately flew the mail to Seville, Spajn. The airship first flew over the Cascaes Citadel, the residence of the President of the republic, and then on to Cintra and Lisbon, Women Mutiny in Nazi Prison. Inmates of a women's prison at Jauer, Silesia, mutinied in protest against the prison fare and the disci- pline to which their Nazi guards sub- jected them. The rising had to be suppressed by force, and about 50 of the prisoners are awaiting trial In connection with the affair. Judge Takes Rabbit Bribes. Found guilty of accepting chickens and rabbits as bribes to influence his decisions in civil cases, Judge Plerre Brionval of Doual, France, has been sentenced to 18 months’ imprisonment and a fine of $25. He admitted that he had gone to local cafes to meet de- fendants b.fu‘m cases were heard.