Evening Star Newspaper, July 16, 1935, Page 8

A-8 THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, TUESDAY, JULY 16, 1935, _—W THIS -AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY .....c...c......July 16, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES...........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 1 St. and Pennsylvania Ave. Chovo e Take. Michigen Buiidio cago Office: Lake an ; European Office: 14 Regent St., London, Ensiand. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Editi The Evening Star_________ d Sunday Star 45¢ per month 60c per month e v Su (whe: 65c_per month The Sunday Star. ¢ per copy Edition. Night Final and Sunday Star--. Nigh Oc per month % “"B5c per month t the end of each month. by mail or telephone Na- Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. y and Sunday___1 ¥r. $10.00; 1 mo.. Sc only S.00; 1 mo.. ac $4.00; 1 mo. 0¢ All Other States and Canada. 3 1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo. $1,00 yr. $R.00: 1 #5¢ $5.00; 1 mo., isc mol, 5uc Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches ciedited to 1t or not otherwise credited in this r and also the local news published herein. A t publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved ———— = John Joy Edson. Seventy-two years ago a young Ohioan fvho had been serving in the Union forces came to Washington to accept a minor position in the Government service. Since then he has been a citizen of the Capital, and during the greater part of the period one of its most active and use- ful citizens and one of the most beloved. Yesterday, in his ninetieth year, he died, after an illness of several weeks, and now John Joy Edson is deeply mourned by literally all Washington. It is difficult to appraise the full value of Mr. Edson’s contribution to the wel- fare and the advancement of the com- , munity of which he has been so long a8 member. To recite his active “associa- tions with the business and social life of the Capital calls for a long enumera- tion. Always earnest in whatever he undertook, thorough and devoted in the discharge of whatever duties he accepted, he was for many years reckoned as one of the most efficient workers for the development of the District. John Joy Edson was gifted with a broad vision of the possibilities of his adopted home. He was always at its service. No task was too onerous or exacting for him to undertake. In busi- ess, in social work, in philanthropy, he never spared himself. and in whatever | task that was assigned to him he could be implicitly relied upon to serve to the utmost of his ability and his strength. With keen sympathy for those af- flicted with misfortune, Mr. Edson de- voted himself with especial energy and efficiency to the work of charity. His contribution to the amelioration of suf- fering was invaluable. His own bounties were, however, not the most valuable portion of his offering, for his excep- tional administrative capacity was de- voted during many years to the main- tenance of organizations for the benefit of the less fortunate ones. His sterling uprightness of character, his industry, his breadth of view and his readiness at all times to aid in every enterprise making for the betterment of life in Washington made John Joy Edson &n inspiration to the younger residents of the Capital. In them he always took the keenest interest and he aided many of them in the course of the years with his sound advice and his direct assist- ence. From time to time his fellow citizens fave marked the milestones of his career with honors. His birthdays were during recent years regularly noted with pride. The occasion of the eightieth was espe- cially observed with appropriate marks of the esteem in which he was held by the community. It was an annual priv- ilege to congratulate him upon the pass- ing of another of the many years of his long and useful life. Seven years ago he suffered from an accident which for & time seemed to be certain of fatal consequences and Washington ~ was grievously eoncerned for many days, for though he had passed the four-score milestone of life, it was felt that Mr. Fdson had by no means reached the end of his great service in behalf of his fel- low men and of the city of his deep and mbiding affections. Mr. Edson, in his later years, once said to a friend, while talking of his habit of mction: “Throughout my life, whenever I have had to make a decision, I have weighed all the facts and then have esked myself, ‘What is the right thing to do?’” That he answered himself correctly is evident from the long record of accomplishments for the benefit of his fellow men which Washington is now proud to cite as John Joy Edson’s most expressive memorial. Career Diplomats. With appointment of Hoffman Philip, native Washingtonian and seasoned foreign service officer, as American Ambassador to Chile, the career prin- wple in the diplomatic branch receives fresh and gratifying vindication. It is the third occasion within recent times on which President Roosevelt has sent to important posts abroad men who have earned promotion through faithful and capable representation of the United States throughout the world. The dispatch of Leland Harrison as Minister to Rumania, of Norman ‘Armour as Minister to Canada, and now of Hoffman Philip as Ambassador, to Chile is reassuring evidence that even under a system of party spoils and patronage merit in the foreign service survives as something worthy of recognition. Mr. Philip’s appointment to Santiago is also significant of the growing stress which the United States lays on “good neighbor” relations with the other Americas and on the importance of sending to their capitals trained men of the diplomatic profession. Five of the six ambassadors whom this coun- try accredits to Latin American nations ~—to Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru and A Cuba—are now career men, as is the large majority of ministers stationed in Central and South America. With few exceptions, these envoys command the language of the respective peoples to which they are accredited and possess the background of acquaintance with their institutions. It is in no small degree due to the practice of sending diplomats thus equipped to Latin American posts that a cumulative atmos- phere of mutual friendliness has de- veloped between the “Colossus of the North” and the other American republics. Promotion of Mr. Philip to ambassa- dorial status comes in the nature of a reward for a long and conspicuously meritorious tour of duty in the service. He is transferred from the post of Min- ister to Norway. Previously he was, at successive periods, Minister to Co- lombia, Uruguay and Persia. Before his accession to ministerial grade, he served with distinction in both the con- sular and diplomatic branches in Morocco, Abyssinia, Turkey, Brazil and France. He goes to Chile at the end of thirty-four years on the State De- partment list. A typically well-rounded man of the world and richly experienced diplo- matist, Hoffman Philip is peculiarly well fitted for the responsible post to which he has just been assigned. N The Background. The proposition to sell Military road to Arlington County for one dollar is advanced, of course, by those who wish to block any move toward eventual Gov- ernment ownership of the Washington Airport. The road’s purchase by the county, therefore, cannot be seriously considered as designed to maintain needed highway facilities for county residents. These are more adequately met at present by other highways. ‘Washington Airport is Arlington Coun- ty's largest single taxpayer. The land, whether or not it remains in use as an airport, will undoubtedly continue to return tax revenues to the county treas- ury for a long time to come—unless it is bought by the Government. Its pur- chase by the Government, therefore, is fought by the tax-collecting county. At the same time, Representative Howard Smith, taking the leadership in opposi- tion to closing of Military road, is & | | strong advocate for development of the Government airport at Gravelly Point. He wants nothing done that would tend | more firmly to establish Washington Air- port in its present location. At the same time, the Bureau of Air Commerce, Department of Commerce, seems at last to have come to & frank realization of the dangers represented | in an open highway running through the middle of an airport. Its jurisdic- tion over the airport is limited. What it can do, in the interest of safety, is to limit the “pay load” of passenger-carry- ing interstate planes which use the airport, and this it threatens to do unless Military road is closed. The effect of such action on air commerce to and from the airport is not known now. But that is the background against which Congress will be asked to con- sider the airport situation again. On one side there is the county's disinclina- tion to close a road that might place in some jeopardy its future tax collections. On the other is the plain evidence of the inexcusable hazard which exists as the result of a highway running through an airport. The National Government has exclusive control of the situation. Its handling of the matter so far has indi- cated no great interest either in safety of passengers or adequate airport facilities. —————————— The underworld lawyer suffers an automatic penalty. His clients monop- olize the publicity and often leave the attorney who serves them only scantily secured with reference to a fee. Austria is still engaged in “making history” in spite of the fact that her product hitherto has been subject to much unfavorable criticism. No dictator is desiring to attain the title of King or Emperor. Some entirely new word signifying supreme authority may have to be invented. — Eclipse. An eclipse calls forth from the aver- age human breast an expression of appreciation peculiar in character. The ordinary man or woman customarily | does not practice any such poetic re- sponse to Nature. People know that the world is beautiful, but they only rarely bother to say so. Likewise, they are conscious of the splendor of the celestial pageant without believing it necessary to attempt to translate their comprehension into language. A spec- tacle of extraordinary rarity, apparently, is required to stir them into - speech, and last evening’s display provided an opportunity of that kind. In Washington the occasion, it must be admitted, was not a perfect success. Professional astronomers in the Capital were disappointed. Curtains of slow- moving clouds obscured the scene. Just at the moment of most complete totality the whole show was ruined by the interference of drifting mist, and during more than an hour of approxi- mate obscuration the same unhappy conditions prevailed. The watchers at the Naval Observatory were obliged to record failure in their books. But for the crowds in the streets there nevertheless was enough of ele- mental magic in the performance to justify delayed retirement to bed. Hun- dreds of sky-gazers remained under the spell of the heavenly exhibition from its beginning to its end. Nor were they in any important respect or degree dis- couraged by the accident of a restricted view. Indeed, the intruding clouds played a part of their own in the cir- cumstanzes—they contributed a not altogether inharmonious note to the symphony of form and color and motion which the mathematical forces of the universe were creating in tune with . infinite law. They lent an eerie quality to the drama of it all. And so it hap- pened that persons whose lives are spent in routine ways and whose thoughts habitually are commonplace forgot for a while the undistinguished tenor of existence and were briefly as little children are--exuberant, expansive, ardent, irresponsible, easily pleased. Sun, moon and earth were their toys tem- porarily, and they enjoyed them. Not sclentists, their reaction was -to the romance of the attraction—a power which took them ont of themselves and gave them an experience of beauty to remember. They Want to Quit. The House is not often moved by ora- tory. Most of the speeches are for the Record. But Representative Deen, a Georgia Democrat, moved it yesterday to applause and cheers by a passionate two-minute plea in favor of adjourn- ment. The incident may not be im- portant, but it is highly significant. A threatening move toward adjournment at this time would constitute open re- volt against the President and the ad- ministration leaders. For occult reasons not yet apparent to practical-minded members, they want the tax bill enacted before Congress quits. For either House or Senate to kick over the traces in a formal demand for permission to go home does not seem probable now. But the reception to Mr. Deen’s speech yesterday was another indication of the restive spirit which now rules Congress. “Wim and wigor” for more legislative worlds to conquer have vanished. The heat is bad and the humidity is worse. Some of the New Deal structures have begun to crash, right and left, and more are toppling. There is a deep longing in the bosoms of Congressmen for some rest and quiet away from Washington, for peace that will give them strength for other battles still to come. “The most difficult place in the world to get a clear and open perspective of the country as a whole is Washington,” the President told the country last April. *** * That is why I occasionally leave this scene of action for a few days to go fishing or back home to Hyde Park so that I can have a chance to think quietly about the country as a whole.” Members of Congress have been here | since December, most of them working hard, most of them subject to the high pressure of a tense and active session. Dr. Copeland indicates they are worn out. They would like to go home; get | a chance “to think quietly about the | country as a whole.” And that might be an excellent thing, not only for the Congressmen, but for the country. oo The rules of base ball have gone through many years without bringing demands for verylradical changes. To some American citisaens they give more permanent satisfaction that the United States Constitution itself. e The Virgin Islands reminded former President Hoover of a “poorhouse.” They now have a very large audience. e Letter carriers have to work hard, but not as hard as a Postmaster General. e aset Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. The Longer Days. The sun goes drifting through the sky, ‘Where once he traveled fast. The Twilight Zephyr breathes a sigh To find the day is past. The blossoms make a splendid show ‘Where perfumes sweet abound. The old sun kind of hates to go And just keeps hangin’ round. When Winter'’s frost was in the air Reluctantly he came, Then hurried from the scenes of care; His haste we could not blame. But when the roses have begun To bloom where songs abound, A friend of fortune fair, the sun Each day keeps hangin’ ‘round. The Program. “In your civilization,” said the barbar- jan with the inquiring mind, “the people select a candidate for office, do they not?” “Not precisely,” replied Senator Sor- ghum. “The candidate selects himself and then gets out and persuades the people to ’indone him.” Jud Tunking says a special delivery letter is worth considerably more than a dime if it's as important as the girl who | receives one usually seems to think. Summer Forecasting. Prediction takes a simple form. The prophecy is pat. You keep predicting “fair and warm” And let it go at that. “You ought to have a chauffeur. Can't you afford one?” “I might afford the chauffeur,” re- plied Mr. Chuggins. “But I couldnt afford the kind of a car he'd want to take his friends out riding in.” Formality. “T called to ask your permission to pay my addresses to your daughter with a view to asking for her hand in marriage.” “Go ahead,” replied Mr. Cumrox, “only I'm afraid & man with your ideas of courtship will be wasting his time.” The Season of Excuse. “I've got to go and seen a friend Who just arrived in town.” “A meeting big I must attend To hold the kickers down.” “My desk with work is piled full high— My troubles are a shame.” So say they all. But by and by Youll meet them at the game. “Pride,” said Uncle Eben, “am er good t'ing in its place. But er country or er citizen is in hahd luck when he ain’t got nuffin’ much ‘ceppin’ ’is pride ter be proud of.” L] Repudiation and'the Necessity for Good Faith To the Editor of The Star: It is, indeed, a sad and disheartening commentafy upon social conditions, and indicates the distance the world has traveled the past few years along the road of moral deterioration when the Attorney General of the United States can say, as he did. before the Senate Banking and Currency Committee: “The word repudiation does not hurt my feel- ings. The word does not mean much anyway.” Repudiation is an ugly word and car- ries many unsavory implications, both moral and material. In fact, it was re- pudiation of solemn treaty obligations among nations and the absence of good faith that brought on the world's great catastrophe. One who advocates repudi- ation of solemn obligations is clearly suffering from moral astigmatism. That, however, is personal, but to condone or justify it on the part of the Government is of transcendent seriousness, and may be attended with far-reaching and dis- astrous consequences in the social and business world; for character, which em- braces honor and good faith, is the most priceless possession of a nation, as well as of an individual. The want of it sets a calamitous example to the people, and its inevitable effect is to destroy confi- dence among men, which is the founda- tion of business success and social inter- course, and without which there can be no prosperity and ‘social well-being. You will search holy writ in vain for any approval or justification of repudi- ation in any form. But, on the con- trary, the highest praise and rewards e reserved for those who keep faith. “He who sweareth to his own hurt and changeth not” is presented as an example worthy of emulation, and the crown of immortality is reserved for those who have kept the faith. This is surely no time to express senti- ments that weaken and undermine the morale of the people and impair the foundations of the social order. On the contrary, those in authority should now more than ever be exemplars of truth, honor and good faith. ALEXANDER SIDNEY LANIER. o e Chinese Censorship and Japan’s Protest To the Editor of The Star: A cable report from Shanghai, China, dated July 4, quotes the spokesman of the Japanese Embassy in that city as stating: “We fear an uprising of Japanese elvilians in the Shanghai area if the requests incorporated in the recent Jap- anese protest against the printed insult to the Japanese Emperor are not carried out. * * * If the case is prolonged Shanghai’'s more than 30,000 Japanese | population probably will into their own hands.” Suppose that one of our own West Coast papers publishes an article derog- atory to the Japanese imperial famly. May we similarly expect an uprising of the more than 100,000 Japanese in the United States? If so, it seems to me that this element in our population con- stitutes a definite threat to our peace. The Japanese official, who by infer- ence gives encouragement to an upris- ing of his pegple residing in China, has probably overiooked the effect which such unlawful conduct will have on the attitude of other countries which harbor large communities of Japanese residents. Incidentally, this incident furnishes another example of the dangers of an official censorship on the press. The offending article had been passed by official Chinese censors; therefore the Chinese government is held responsible for permitting its publication and will probably suffer serious consequences at the hands of the Japanese. Had the press been free of official censorship, the Chinese government could, like our own Government in similar circumstances, take things .| disclaim all responsibility except in case the laws were broken. As it is, the Chinese government stands to pay and pay for an incident growing directly out of an oversight on the part of the offi- cial censors. JOHN B. RICHARDSON. e Needed Traffic Lights Denied by Officials To the Editor of The Star: Sixty-one human lives snuffed out by District of Columbia traffic since Jan- uary 1, 1935, mostly by taxis, trucks and private autos, and over 1000 persons injured. Three persons killed, others seriously injured in three-car smash-up in nearby Maryland Sunday. Hit-and- run auto driver sought’' by Maryland police. Washington coroner’s juries, as a rule, acquit autoists who kill people, even little children. Over two years ago Mr. Frederic William Wile wrote two letters to The Evening Star regarding conditions of passenger traffic on Mount Pleasant street cars—letter handed Di- rector of Traffic Van Duzer on day of his induction into office requesting stop- go lights on corners of Mount Pleasant and Irving streets. Irving, a two-way street. “Would look into it!” “No money to install them!” Within six months, “Lights not necessary.” Corporation counsel and District Commissioner Hazen written to, also Utilities Commission and now, finally, the President (if the letter has ever been shown to him), who has stated his interest in District of Columbia traffic. One well-known resident of Mount Pleasant killed by a non-stop Mount Pleasant street car at crossing about one year ago. Three weeks or 50 ago a man struck by Mount Pleasant street car. Leg broken, shock; taken to hospital; autos rush over cross-walks, never blowing horns or lessening their speed as they approach. Stop-go lights sorely needed at Mount Pleasant and Irving streets northwest, or we can ex- pect more killings and injuries. W. E. RYAN. Processing Taxes Just Racketeering To the Editor of The Star: In its final analysis, are not processing taxes just another case of racketeering in way of increasing the cost of living for those living in centers of the Nation’s activities by taking sums of money away mechanies, it out gratis to the farmer for the de- struction of food supplies of which vast numbers of this Nation have been so sorely in need? In proposing to outlaw suits against the Government for acts on the ‘part thereof. as declared or to be declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, why not carry the argument to the ultimate conclusion of such nonsense and let Congress pass a law exempting from trial any racketeers or kidnapers for crimes already committed, but for which they have not been apprehended? ‘Wherein lies any difference between the spending of sums of money by utility men and others to influence Con- gress and the political spending of $4,800,000,000 upon a vote-getting basis for the sole purpose of getting Franklin D. Roosevelt re-elected President of this country? And by Tammany methods at that! H. T. WICKWORTH, Staunton, Va. A solemn procession of three-spot Gouramis was going around and around in the aquarium. Ordinarily fishes that do not school, these were upsetting the carefully laid plans of Nature for the nonce. Ten of the smaller ones were in the center carefully swimming in & small circle from right to left. Eleven of the largest were swimming around them, but in the opposite direction. This strange evolution took place on one of the hottest evenings of the recent warm spell. It occurred about 7 o'clock, a time all fishes love, evidently. It kept up for about a minute, in a plane some two inches below the surface. Then the formation broke up, as strangely as it had begun, and the sev- eral animals betook themselves to their ordinary swimming here and there, e ‘The observer had seen many curious things in tanks, but this will rank as one of the most unusual. Ordinarily the three-spot is one of the most placid and normal of creatures. Its good points, as an aquarium fish, are so many that within the past three years it has become one of the Wash- ington favorites of the piscatorial world. The dispute as to whether this fish is entitled to be called a Gourami or not need not worry any one. Its scientific name, Trichogaster tri- chopterus, need not bother us either. Nor whether it should be calied two- spot or three-spot, or why. * ¥ X x All of these names are sanctioned by time. That is enough. Whether one sees the fish has two spots on each side and so decides to call it two-spot or includes the eye as a very definite third “spot,” it is the same animal. As far as that goes all the spots might be counted and the fish named the “four-spot” or even the “six-spot.” There are two other forms of it now | to be had in the larger cities, the Tricho- gaster leeri and the T. sumatranus. The former is very light with mosai¢ mar- blings and a definite black line. The latter is blue, but with the two black spots, although not as definite in out- line as the T. trichopterus. ‘We find the old “three-spot” the best of the lot, more friendly, less inclined to be jittery. Perhaps this is due to | the fact that it has been acclimated and bred in tanks for many years. This is a much easler fish to keep than the more famous Betta, or Siamese fighting fish. It is more of an “eye full,” too, despite the Betta's gorgeous colors. Those persons who desire to watch the building of a bubble nest in the | aquarium, as they so often may have read about, will do well to get a pair of “three-spots” rather than Bettas. The reaction is surer, the fry easier {0 raise, All of these fishes are air breathers, being provided by Nature with | auxiliary breathing organs, through | | which they impress air from the surface of the water and store it away for use below. This function is divided as so many are in Nature. The fact that the fish can go to the surface for its air seems to have given it the idea of blow- ing bubbles of mucous, containing air, for its nest for its eggs. There is no more interesting feature of aquarium keeping than this, which is indulged in by the three forms of Trichogaster STARS, MEN | no longer than itself. Just mentioned, the Bettas and the Para- dise fish, in both its ordinary dark blue, brown and red form and its albino form. * X X % All of the members of this family may be kept in an absurdly small amount of water on account of their air-breathing proclivities. ‘Thus they are able to stand an amount of water contamination that would floor the average fish, even the famous Guppy. ‘While crowding and pollution are not recommended for these or any fishes, a fish is fortunate that has been provided with the ability to withstand them. Even the most careful keeper will find the heat of Summer occasionally cre- ating a bad condition in a tank. The longer one handles these cre- atures, under the artificial surroundings of glass and slate and metal, the surer he is to come to the conclusion that there are many factors which he does not understand and probably never will understand. The newcomer, with his one tank or bow] is pretty sure, after a month or so, that he “knows it all,” but the old-timer is humble. If there is one thing he does know | it is that something is sure to come up, from time to time, which he does not know! It is & good thing then to have such fishes as the Gouramis which can stand a great deal. Perhaps they may never be called upon to face the test, but then again they may and it will be well for them if bad water and lack of oxygen in it trouble them little. * x * x We have stated that the old “three- spot,” with his plain coloration, is our favorite. It is a long-lived, comjortable sort of creature, possessed solemn swimming in circles testifies. The Gourami has a habit, quite its own, of making short swift circles from time to time. Usually it swims up to the glass, touches it with its nose, and suddenly flips itself around in a space After it has in- dulged in this little game for half a dozen turns, it swims away and may not indulge in it again for days. Another engaging habit it has is that of gurgling air from its gill covers upon occasion. This makes a smacking sort of noise, easily heard all over the room. ‘We have never determined whether this is air compressed in its labyrinth or auxiliary breathing organ or air taken in by the usual procedure of fishes. Nor | have we decided whether the noise is made so much by the bubbles as by the smacking of the gill covers. * X X X This Gourami is one of the few fishes that ordinarily swims upside down and enjoys it. Like all its habits, it is reserved for special occasions Just occasionally the “three-spot” will find himself in a tangle of plants. He simply swims out stomach his dorsal fin down. Then he rights himself in a short curve. For all his size he is one of the most graceful of fishes. That he is speedy is attested at times by his chas- ing of some fish which irks him. He will pursue it from end to end of the aquarium, never losing it among the other fishes. Just to show he has no up, malice, he suddenly gives over the chase | and proceeds about his proper business as if nothing had happened. ing for a good fish. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Wraithlike Folsom man—who may have hunted mammoth and musk ox in lush pastures at the edge of retreating glaciers in North America and who was the first inhabitant of the New World to have left any definite traces of his pres- ence—was an artisan and an artist. This conclusion appears highly prob- able from study of a collection of his tools now under way at the Smith- sonian institution. These were collected last year by Dr. Frank H. H. Roberts, jr., of the staff of the Bureau of American Ethnology, from the first actual Folsom camp site yet discovered. Up to the present this most ancieat of Americans has been known only by his distinctive flint “points™ ly ar- rowheads—which have been found in the Southwest in association with bones of :mm and presumably ice age, mam- The implements were collected from a site in Northern Colorado which was discovered and reported to the Smith- sonian Institution by Maj. Roy G. Coffin, professor of geology at Colorado State College; Judge C. C. Coffin and A. L. Coffin. The artifacts show that Folsom man already had a culture of his own and an esthetic aj tion. He may have painted his face red. He probably engraved magic designs on bones to help in his hunting. Above all, he was a pre- cise, ingenious and careful workman. * x ¥ ¥ Among the artifacts were several types of scrapers, showing various degrees of workmanship. Some exhibit minute and careful chipping, whereas others are ex- tremely crude and rough, only the mini- mum of effort necessary to make a usable probably were used for several purposes, such as dressing hides, cutting bones, removing flesh from bones, or smoothing tion that some form of the engraver’s art was practiced by the makers of Fol- som points. No objects were found which actually had been engraved, but the character of the implements suggests that further work may uncover pieces of bone or other material upon which designs were scratched. These tools hardly could have served any other studies just issued by the Smithsonian Institution, “employed the engraver’s art extensively, although it never reached & high degree of excellence north of Mex- ico, and it is not unreasonable to sup- pose that it was one of the cultural fea- tures in eariier periods. Other peoples in comparative stages of development are A fl known to have responded to the creative | | cus>—R. R. urge by drawing with stone on bone, and it is not assuming too much to concede to ability for delineation to such skilled chippers of flint as these people.” There are several specimens which Dr. classifies as knives. The best examples are carefully chipped blades which show typical Folsom character- istics in their fluted faces. A crude, but efficient, instrument was the flake knife. Tools of this type were made from large, ribbonlike fragments of stone modified | On | only by chipping along the edges. some the chipping is large and irregular. On others it is as minute and precise as could be desired. Both concave and convex edges are found, sometimes com- bined in the same implement. They fi i readily | 2 ol e i e Froncucug | the rotunda of the Gould Memorial chunks of meat for the stew pot. or even for skinning an animal. Included in the collection were some leaf-shaped blades which Dr. Roberts designates as “choppers.” variations of hand axes. Such tools would have been efficient for splitting or hacking bones. That some such im- plement was employed is indicated by the bone fragments. There are also a number of miscel- laneous artifacts which cannot be classi- fied with any assurance at present. Among them are pieces of sandstone, | each with a slight groove along one side. The surface of the stone in the grooves e i 88 tmoagh the objcchs it | hip girth almost the same as his unex- have served as shaft polishers. They apparently were brought from a con- siderable distance, as there is no sand- stone in the vicinity. * % * x In the collection Dr. Roberts found one flat stone, roughly oval in outline, and with a shallow concavity in one face. Traces of red pigment still ad- hering to this stone suggest that it may have been used as a pigment bowl, or pallette. recovered from the deposit. The sur- faces of all of them are smooth and striated from rubbing. This is a good indication that they supplied pigment material. Hematite in its various forms was used extensively by later Indians for making implements, ornaments, and as a source of paint. The compact, red, ear‘hy varieties known =as red chalk were popular for this purpose. Powdered hematite was mixed with grease or saliva and then applied to the object to be painted. It was used for facial decoration, coloring skins and hides, and for painting spears, arrows, shields and tent skins. e Tmitation. From the Roanoke (Va.) Times. Somebody having come back from Russia with the news that nearly every | job over there is a government job, the surmise seems warranted that the Rus- | sians have copied our form of govern- ment. Balancing Opinions. From the Springfield (Mass.) Republican. Former Senator Bingham thinks the President is “a tory”; which may go to offset the opinion of others in Mr. of a clownlike | mind evident as our account of the | We com- | mend the old “three-spot” to all mon‘:_ | buried in the heart of Honolulu?—P. P. | tomb built ‘They might be considered | Several pieces of hematite were | ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS By Frederic J. Haskin, A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Wushing= ton Evening Star Information Bureawu, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washing=- ton, D.C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. For whom is Reno, Nev., named? A. The city is named after Gen. Jesse %V‘e Reno, a Federal officer in the Civil ar, Q. Of what nationality are the parents of Max Baer?—M. H. G. A. Max Baer’s mother is Scotch-Irish, and his father is a Jew of German or Alsatian origin. Q. What was Jeanette MacDonald's early stage experience?—L. H. _A. Miss MacDonald obtained a posi- tion in the chorus of a Ned Wayburn show at the Capitol Theater. From that show she went into other choruses until her first real success came when she was cast for one of the leading roles in a Greenwich Village Theater pro- duction entitled, “Fantastic Fricassee.” Her work in that production brought her to the attention of Henry Savage, who placed her under contract. While under the direction of Mr. Savage, she played the leading role in several mu- sical comedies. Q. Should horses used for plowing be given salt in the Summer?—E. B. A. To save work horses from heat prostration in hot weather, they should be given water every hour and all the salt they want. Q. Are there any copies of the first edition of Poor Richard’s Almanac in existence?—M. S. A. The only known copy of the first edition of Franklin'’s almanac is owned by Dr. A. S. W. Rosenbach. Q. How many acres are irrigated by | the Nile River?—E. E. A. The Nile irrigates 5,400,000 acres and this number may be increased to 17,600,000 vy engineering improvements. Q. How much money is spent for re- search in the United States?—A. B. A. It s been estimated that in nor- mal times more than $100,000,000 is spent annually. Q. How can wine be kept from turn- ing to vinegar?>—G. F. M A. It is imperative that no air get in before fermentation is completed. It | should not become exposed to the air. A water seal is used for this purpose, which is a gadget sold by hardware stores. Wine should not be made in open vessels, but should be made in casks or kegs that can be closed up. The air is full of wild yeast germs or organisms which get in and cause the wine to turn sour. After wine has once turned to vinegar, there is nothing that can be done to restore it to its former flavor or state. . Q. Who is president of the American League? The National League?— H. G S A. Will Harridge is the American League president and Ford Frick is president of the National League. Q. Why is one of Hawaii's kings A. The tomb of Lunalilo, sixth King of Hawaii, is opposite the city hall on King street. Lunalilo's dying wish was that his body should be placed in a by his father, Charles Kanaina. It accordingly was built, in | the grounds of the Kawaiahao Church. He, and the first Kamehameha, whose | burial place is unknown, are the only Hawalian monarchs who are not buried in the royal mausoleum in Nuuanu Valley. Q. What was the first American cir- A. The first of which there is record | was Rickett’s Circus and Greenwich Theater, near the Battery, New York City, opened in 1795. Q. My husband and I are separated. 1 have two children. Should I wear my wedding ring and if so, on left or right hand?—M. A. F. A. A divorced woman may wear her wedding ring if she chooses. A woman with children usually does. It should be worn on the left hand as usual. Q. Where is the Hall of American Artists?—A. R. A. This collection of memorials of American painters and sculptors is in Library. New ¥York University, New York City. Q. What are the ideal proportions for a young man of 22?—H. McD. A. The Society of Directors of Physical Education has set the following standard of measurements of the physically ideal American student of 22: “With a height of 5 feet 9 inches he carries a weight of 159 pounds. The girth of his neck, knee and calf are the same, with the upper arm 1'» inches less. The girth of his thigh is 2 inch less than that of his head. His expanded chest is 40 inches, the girth of his waist 10 inches less, his panded chest, while the breadth of his waist barely exceeds the length of his foot, and the streich of his arms meas- ures 2 inches more than his height.” Q. How many people have been killed in auto accidents this year in the Dis- trict of Columbia?—H. L. T. A. Up to the end of June, 47 died as result of accidents occurring within the District of Columbia, compared to 57 for the same period last year. Twenty-four died in the District of Columbia hospi- tals who were injured in nearby areas, corresponding to 24 for the same pe- riod last year. Q. How does the Irish Free State compare in area to States in this coun- try?—F. G. A. The Irish Pree State is about equal in size to the combined States of New Hampshire, Vermont and Massachusetts. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton The Sun Gone Down Dusk in midtown. On shadowless concrete A calliope playing in the street, A vender crying a belated ware, Thru open windows radio jazz and blare— The stress of human living in the air. Dusk in the woods. Dim shadows everywhere, Silence so deep a footfall echoes there Like some unseen intruder of the glen. In stillness far beyond abodes of men Bingham's party that the President is | The peace of G7 which passes human a red. & | ken, 3 4