Evening Star Newspaper, July 16, 1935, Page 3

" SETTLEMENT OUT, ITALIANS ARE TOLD Authoritative Paper Says Diplomacy Cannot Stop Conflict. ADDIS ABABA, July 16 (#).— Official circles disclosed today that Ethiopia has begun extensive de- fensive military preparations “to meet an emergency.” The officials who made the dis- closure said the military step was found necessary following the fail- ure of arbitrations and also be- cause of Italian declarations that they intended to use force against Ethiopia. By the Associated Press ROME, July 16.—The authoritative newspaper Giornale D'Italia—which often mirrors the Italian govern- ment’s views—today said flatly no diplomatic formula for settlement of the Italo-Ethiopian dispute could be found. Such formula, thg newspaper as- gerted, “are capable only of altering the conditions of the conflict without eliminating its inevitability.” Italian militarists asserted earlier that the mobilization of two new mil- itary divisions would make Italy ready for any eventuality in East Africa. This confidence was based on mili- tary opinion that for the present, at least, 10 white divisions, aided by some 75000 native troops in the colonies of Eritrea and Somaliland, would be more than sufficient for a push into Fthiopia. Black Shirts Eager. Thousands of Black Shirt volunteers | flocked to registration quarters, cager to join the new Black Shirt division created yesterday for service against the warriors of Emperor Haile Selassie. The army machinery was speeded up to effect rapid mobilization of the “Sila” division of the regular army, also called out yesterday, and to sup- ply Il Duce with recruits for a “Sila | second” division to replace the original | unit in Italy. An official communique announced | that about 35,000 men were involved in the new mobilization, bringing the total of troops already in East Africa or destined for service there to 250 000. About 20,000 are regular soldiers and 15,000 Black Shirt Fascist militiamen. Persistent rumors circulated that Mussolini himself intended to go to! one or both of the Italian colonies to inspect the preparations there. He has | a penchant for stimulating personally THE EVENING Wales Presents Colors of the Seaforth Highlanders. The Prince of Wales arriving at the Duke of York's Royal Military School, Dover, Kent, where he presented the new colors to the 2d Battalion —Wide World Photo. all government projects. Informed circles expressed doubt that Il Duce would make such an in- spection tour at present because of the pressure of business in Rome, but said they believed Crown Prince Hum- bert might set forth soon on a visit to East Africa. { European Defenses Watched. | That Italy’s concentration in Africa had not diverted its attention entirely from its European defenses was in- dicated by orders for construction of 10 new submarines. The marshaling of forces on land, on sea and in the air was completed by the calling up of specialists from the classes of 1909, 1910 and 1912 (men born in those years) and air force pilots from still more classes. BRITISH AIR FORCE INCREASED. Efforts to Bring Solution te African Dispute Continue. LONDON, July 16 (#)—Great Brit- ain apportioned more than $25,000,000 today to maintain its own security by strengthening its air defense as diplo- mats, confronted by the new Italian mobilization, persisted in seeking a peaceful solution to the Italo-Ethi- opian dispute. A supplementary estimate, totaling £5,335,000 was issued to meet the costs of expansion for the Royal Air Force. The estimate included provision for additional personnel and cash pay- | ment for combatant and training air- craft. ‘The revised program, drawn in con- Junction with plans announced in | July, 1934, entails provision for nearly 50 new air stations. Premier Benito Mussolini’s mobili- | eation of two new military divisions for action against Ethiopia in East Africa was displayed prominently in the press, but there was not a single comment. Lord Davies tabled a motion, which was to be presented to the House of Lords today, viewing the Italo-Ethi- opian crisis “with gravest anxiety’ and calling for “immediate steps” to achieve a peaceful settlement in ac- cordance with the pact of Paris and the covenant of the League of Na- tions, Gen. Reckord to Speak. Maj. Gen. Milton Reckord, com- mander of the 29th Division, which includes militia troops of the District, Maryland, Virginia and part of Penn- sylvania, will speak from station WMAL tonight at 8:30 o'clock on “History-making and the 29th Divi- sion.” George Washington was once a lieutenant-colonel in the 29th Divi- sion. SPECIAL NOTICES. g WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ebts _except those incurre myself. 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Metropolitan 4861. CHAMBERS &2, 35, " 53 world. Complete funerals up. Six chapels. twelve pa ears. hearses and ambulance undertakers and_assistants Reduced rates to Pacific Coast in our “pool carload” via water from Baltimore, for house- hold goods, luggage, etc. Motor Van Moving, return load rates to and from ter- ritory East of Mississippi. Security Storage Co. 8 safe d:{ository for 45 years at 1140 15th St. (District 40-40.) us. process quickly ethods. Free » - | plosion everybody is eager to avert. | and neighboring points to which the | | interior, where they are establishing | | the way for a general advance. | knows precisely what those demands By Radio to The Star. BY FREDERICK T. BIRCHALL. LONDON, July 16 (NANA)—A careful analysis of reports that the Ethiopian situation may be cleared up without Italy’s resorting to wor has revealed no single fact in substantia- tion. » ‘Troops assembled by Premier Benito | Mussolini in Eritrea and Italian Soma- liland or on their way there total al- ready, according to the best advices, about 200,000 men. Il Duce obviously | cannot withdraw them empty handed, | or even without full hands. That would mean the ruin of his regime. It might even evoke a revolution, | which would hasten the European ex- | However, there is not the slightest sign that withdrawal is contemplated. | Dispatches to London from Eritrea | Italians have penetrated describe colo- | nial harbors as filled with ships which are being unloaded of men and stores as fast as human ingenuity can ac-| complish it. Italians Rushed to Interior. Italians already ashore are being | rushed to the higher ground of the base camps, building roads and gen- | erally working night and day, despite | rains and excessive heat, to prepare | Any suggestion, therefore, that the pressure of outside opinion or the remonstrances of old friends are likely to induce the Italian dictator to relent seem to have a poor foundation. Ap- parently he has staked his future on this hazard and must stand or fall on it. On the other hand, the hope of successfully exerting pressure upon Ethiopia to concede the Italian de- mands seem almost as futile. No one are, because the Italian government has thus far been deaf to all appeals to formulate them. ¢There is, however, plenty of collateral evidence to indi- cate that they are so sweeping as to leave the Ethiopian Emperor merely a shadow of his present authority and that only in a territory so restricted as to approach total dismemberment. Corridor Demand Foreseen. It was notable that, in Emperor Haile Selassie’s telegram a few days 2o to the New York Times foreshad- owing the Italian attitude, he men- tioned prominently that the demands included a corridor through the heart of his kingdom, in which the Italians would build a railway linking their own two widely separated colonies and in which they would exercise absolute sovereignty. This is a revelation of importance, because Italy has thus far never openly made such a demand. Yet the Em- peror must have serious evidence of it, since he so emphatically rejects it. It would obviously mean the relega- tion of his kingdom to a mere Italian subsidiary. However, apart from this, it is pretty well known that tke position of Haile Selassie is not so secure that he can risk the bitter resentment of his subjects by conceding too much to Italy. Not only has he had difficulty in the past in maintaining his throne amid an aggregation of jealous, un- ruly tribal chieftains, each a law unto Revolution Facing Mussolini If He Weakens in Africa Now, 200,000 Men Assembled in Eritrea and | Somaliland Cannot Return Home Without Full Hands. { —would be outside it and only three himself in his own territory, but he | is continually menaced by pretenders | to his throne. Killing Pretenders Barred. When he installed himself on the throne, he defeated these pretenders | in turn, but Ethiopian precedent for- bids killing any royal or pseudo-royal | personage except in battle, Several | of these pretenders to the throne, therefore, are still alive and domiciled | in d'fferent parts of the country. The | moast dangerous of them is in prison. | However, any real excuse which would unite these unruly, rebellious malcontents against the present in- | cumbent would urobably entaid his | losing his throne and probably nis life. | Since most Eth:opian chiefs remember Adowa (where the kthiopians defeat- ed an Italian force 40 years ago) and have no knowledge whatever of | the progress of mocern armament since then, they woulc prefer to fight | Italy rather than viel? a singie bit of territory or a prerogative. So the Emperor: pusition s easy to conceive. He dates not, even if he would, make any consicerable sacrifice to avert an Italien orslaught. The only possible basis, th=:efore, | for the optimism with which public | opinion is tendiug tu view the Ethi- | opian situation secr:s to be i the | better inter-European relations that | have developed since the speech of Sir Samuel Hoare, British fcreign | secretary, in the House of Commons. Co-operation Is Hope. Real co-operation between Xrance | and Britain, possibly with some Amer- ican diplomatic backing in sternly pre- senting the evil con:equences of his Ethiopian adventure to Premier Mus- solini, seems o afford the only pos- sible hope of effecting a compromise. There are two :¢es to this: Italy must be persuaded to moderate her demands, and Ethioria must be co- erced into yielding encugh to satisfy her irate opponent. The present situation affords scant prospect of success in either direction. Yet the need is so urgent that it may be taken for granted that the effort to meet it will be in proportion. If Italy declares war on Ethiopia, an- other member state, all that the League of Nations stands for will be stultified. If the League acts against Italy, the latter will leave Geneva, and, however, the League might be considered to be strengthened morally, the fact would remain that four of the world’s great powers—ihe United States, Japan, Germany and Italy —Britain, France and Russia—still upholding it. The League's writ no longer runs in America Asia or Africa. The re- sult of Italian withdrawal might be & certainty that in any circumstances whatever, where necessi®y might call for, it would no longer run in Europe without that war, which the League was established to prevent. Kitchen Band Party Feature. KENSINGTON, Md., July 16 (Spe- cial).—The annual moonlight lawn party given by the Woman's Guild of Christ Episcopal Church will be held tomorrow evening on the church grounds. The Kitchen Band of the Parent-Teacher Association of the 16- cal elementary school will give a music program. D.C.Ethiopian Recruiting Force “Retreats,” Fearing U.S. Action The office force of the Universal Multitechnic Association took to the streets en masse this morning when the assistant manager’s eye fell upon a newspaper headline intimating pos- sible intervention by the United States Government into activities of the local Ethiopian recruiting organiza- tion. And so was celebrated today’s “official” opening of the office, oper- ated, it is said, by young colored stud- ents of Howard University. Yesterday, designated as the or- ganization’s “unofficial” opening, two men signed up and a third waited until today “to think it over.” Definite information on the activi- ties of the bureau was not forthcom- ing y. However, it was promised that a full report would be made avail- able to the press in due time, Photographers were told “things are in a hubbub. Nobody's posin’ today.” Things around the office were pretty quiet this morning up until 10 o'clock, when the wholesale exodus occurred, following discovery of the newspaper account. The recruiting station is located at 1337 U street, in a first-floor front room equipped with two desks, sev- eral chairs and a railing. Whether or not the bureau will continue to operate depends largely upon Government sanction, ard still more upon the number of applicants. The only volunteer in sight this morning was & young colored youth sitting on the steps and whose future as an Ethiopian aviator depended on “when and if the officers in here come back.” STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, VATICAN PROTESTS GERMAN POLICIES Violation of Concordat Is Charged in Note to Berlin Officials. By the Associated Press. VATICAN CITY, July 16—It was learned today the Vatican has pro- tested strongly to the German gov- ernment against jts failure to carry out terms of the concordat with the Vatican. ‘The note sent 1o Perlin follows the lines of the vigorous statement pub- lished on the front page of the news- paper Osservatorz Romano yesterday. It protests these three points: 1. Forcing Cathiclics to abide by the Nazi sterlization law. 2. Encroachment un the free exist- | ence of Catholic lay organizations. | 3. Attacks on the freedom of the | Catholic press. Dispatch of the rute was ascribed to the Vatican's view that opposition to the Catholic Church in ‘Germany, hitherto unofficial, may now he re- garded as official. Lol.Ji)y (Continued From First Pag ) Maverick said, adding that during the six weeks he had received only one letter and one telegram urging him to | vote against the abolition provision. Tobey Vote Mentioned. Brewster, he said, told him in con- versations after the R. F. C. meeting that he would be able to secure Re- | publican votes for abolition. Maverick testified the only name mentioned was that of Representative Tobey, Re- publican, of New Hampshire. Maverick said he asked if Brewster might secure Tobey's support for the abolition clause. “Tobey is a fine man,” he quoted Brewster as having replied, “but I don't know whether we can do any- thing with him.” Asked if anything was said about Brewster's securing Representatives’ votes, Maverick replied: “Yes, he said that he could get 25| votes and I said that was too many.| I did not expect him to get more than 10 or 15 votes on that side.” Chairman Wheeler of the Senate Interstate Commerce Committee testi- fied he suggested that Brewster be asked to see if Senator White, Repub-i lican, of Maine, would not vote against | the Dieterich amendment to knock out the utility bill “death sentence” but denied he proposed having White | not vote if he couldn't oppose it. | Campaign Recalled. Rankin said the “cloak room” cam- paign for abolition was organized “be- cause we understood the whip, Repre- sentative Boland, Democrat, of Penn- sylvania, was not with us.” Rankin said he understood Brew- ster was. Wheeler said that after a conversa- | tion with Brewster, who had come to his office on ancther matter, “I was thoroughly convinced he was for the bill.” As a result, he explained, he asked | Corcoran and Cohen if they knew | Brewster. He added that when they | said they did, he suggested they ask Brewster to see White. Afterward, Wheeler said, White told | him Brewster did see him and asked him to vote against the Dieterich amendment and if he could not do so, | not to vote. “I felt it was my duty,” Wheeler said, “to offset the lying propaganda | against the bill. Directed Corcoran. “I knew the representatives of the utilities were here in a body trying to contact every member they could; that they were misrepresenting the bill, and lying about it.” He said Corcoran and Cohen | worked at his direction and that | Senators who wanted to know details | of the bill were referred to them. Rankin took “full responsibility” for three letters sent to members under his name, though he did not compose them in final form. Representative Cox, Democrat, of Georgia said he was glad he did not, because “it assumed congressmen were & bunch of dumb, docile animals sub ject to being driven in any directio: Rankin likewise said he was not ap- proached by power lobbyists because, “outside of Senator Norris, I probably | would be the last man on the Hill they would approach.” The Mississippian said he had in his files, though, information of “more” reprehensible activities than person- ally contacting members of Congress. Meanwhile growing rivalry has be- come apparent between the Senate and House committees investigating lobbyists. Money Source Sought. Coincident with Senate disclosure of an inquiry into whether the fight against the utilities bill was financed through higher rates to power con- sumers, Chairman O’'Connor of the House Investigating Committee an- nounced his group would shortly equip itself with counsel and special investi- gators. He denied reports the House and Senate inquiries may be linked in & joint investigation. Beyond that, he 1eferred to ihe sud- den beginning of the Senate investi- gation as hasty and wecipitate With emphasis, he added that his own was a “very deliberate committee.” O'Connor’s statemeLts were evoked by questions whether the House group would avold duplicat'ng the work of the Senate Committe2, which aiready has heard Philip H Gadsden, chair- man of the Committee of Public Utility Executives, and had seized the records of that organization. Chairman Black of the Senate Lobby Committee vesterdav dispatched lengthy questionnaires to all power holding companes, a<king how much money was spent in the fight on the utilities bill, where it came from, how it was expended, how entered c1 the books of the compau‘es. and whether electricity consumers L.ad to pay high- er rates to finance tne cost of the fight. watches into MONEY at— A.XKahn Jnc. Arthur J. Sundlun, Pres. Copyright, A. P. Wirephoto. Julia Graham (upper), who was found unclad and fatally shot in the apartment of Benjamin F. Rey- neolds (lower) yesterday. Police investigating the case said Rey- nolds told them Miss Graham committed suicide with his pistol. D.C.Woman Killed |And 4 Persons Hurt In Virginia Crash By a Staff Correspondent of The Ster. ALEXANDRIA, Va, July 16—A Washington woman was killed and & light roadster in which they were en route to the Capital crashed into the side of a stalled freight truck trailer near Pen-Daw. 2 miles south of here on the Richmond Highway, early today. The dead woman, Mrs. Mamie Jones, 35, wife of Berley A. Jones, $28 Eleventh street northeast, was fatally injured when thrown forward from the rumble seat of the light car. She was pronounced dead on arrival at the Alexandria Hospital. A broken axle bolt, which had re- leased the rear air brakes on the truck, caused the trailer to swing crosswise in the highway, according tc D. 8. Crockett, wrecking crew op- erator, who towed the van in. The injured, all passengers of the small car, were Marshall Holland, 26, driver and son-in-law of Mrs. Jones; his wife, Mrs. Elsie Holland, 18; Mrs. Rachel Tallent, 21, of Ethel, Va, and Berley Jones, jr., 14. Walter E. Evans of Moscow, Pa., operator of the truck, told police he flagged Holland’s machine as it came over the small hill on which the acci- dent happened. The car did not stop for the signal and the driver waited until a short distance from the van before applying his brakes, Evans said. Holland told him he did not stop for the signal because he was held up once on the highway by being flagged, according to Evans’ report of the crash. Semi-Annual SUITS Our regular stock of Formerly $30.00. .. $35.00. $50.00. $55.00. 365 & %60. $75.00. ... Eugene C. Gott, President 43 YEARS at 935 F STREET, 4 four other persons were injured when | CLEARANCE! Year ’Round Weight now offered at seasonal clearance prices. Substantial genuine savings for you! JULY 16, 1935. TROOPS ON GUAR INTEXTILE STRIK South Carolina Governor Calls Militia in Pelzer Mill Area. By the Associated Press. PELZER, 8. C, July 16.—8teel- helmeted National guardsmen ‘oday took over maintenance of order in the textile strike situation here which lo- cal officers feared had explosive quali- tles. Called out by Gov. Olin D. Johnston after midnight, 60 men and officers of Company G, 118th Infantry, from Greenville, rolled into this little com- munity in the southwestern part of the State with the dawn and soon were on patrol at the Pelzer Manufac- turing Co.'s mills. ‘The mills which experienced partial walkouts yesterday did not attempt to open this morning. Sheriff W. A. Clamp said he was informed by Supt. J. P. Blackmon that they would try to reopen tomorrow, however. There was little activity around the mills during the forenoon. Knots of strikers sprawled in shady spots some distance from the plants, but the gen- eral situation was peaceful. Processing (Continued From First Page.) the legislative department of the Government. If Congress under- takes to lay down a guide for an | administrative officer to follow in | carrying out its mandates, it must | be an intelligible and a reasonably definite standard. * * * “The balance between production and consumption of certain commod- ities or the equalizing of the purchas- ing power thereof between certain widely separated periods alone forms no such standard. “If Congress has the power to con- trol or regulate the production of agri- cultural products within the several States and assess a tax on their processing or sale for that purpose, it is obviously legislative in character. | Query: Then has Congress set up any | definite standard for the Secretary's | action in making rental or benefit pay- | ments tc producers and thereby im- posing a processing tax? No Such Guide Found. “We find no definite, intelligible standard set up in the act for deter- mining when the Secretary shall pay rental or benefit payments in order to reduce production of any particular commodity except in his own judg- | | ment as to what will effectuate the | purpose of the act. “The declaration of the emergency | in the agricultural act contains no | | such standard for the Secretary of | i Agriculture to follow in entering into restrictive agreement with producers of agricultural products. It is merely a statement of conditions, which in| the judgment of Congress warranted | legislative action. * * * | “Without requiring any findings to warrant his action, Congress has em- powered him, in conjunction with the | producers, to determine when a re- duction of acreage of production of any one of the agricultural commod- ities which it termed basic should be resorted to to accomplish the act, when rental or benefit payments are to be made and in what amounts, and | thereby to determine through the in- | | itiation of the benefit payments or‘ rentals the consequent imposition of a | tax. No Fact-Finding Made. “The Secretary made no findings of | | facts as to why he selected the first | list of basic commodities for reducing | acreage or production, and was not required to do so. He simply made a | | proclamation; rental and/or benefit | | payments are to be made with respect Saturday Hours 9:15 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. 14TH & G STS. fine quality clothing to cotton; and a processing tax auto- matically followed. “While the amount of the reduction of acreage or production of any basic commodity under this act is done by agreements and not by a code, the purpose and the result is the same: Viz; the control and regulation of & great intrastate industry. * * * “If Congress can take over the con- trol of any intrastate business by & declaration of an economic emergency and a public interest in its regulation, it would be difficult to define the limits of the powers of Congress or to foretell the future limitations of local self-government. Schechter Case Cited. “No standard or guide is here laid down to determine how the compen- sating tax shall be fixed or what ele- ments shall be taken into considera- tion in determining the amount, except that it shall be determined by the amount necessary to prevent such disadvantage in competition. We find no decision of the Supreme Court authorizing such a delegation of power to an administrative officer. cision in the Panama Refining Co. case and the Schechter Poultry Corp. case, we think, clearly condemns it as unwarranted under the Constitu- tion. “If Congress has invaded a field over which it has no control under the Constitutlon, or the Secretary has been unlawfully vested with legislative affected these appellants, it is not necessary to consider whether the pro- cessing and floor taxes are direct taxes, or, if excise taxes, are not uniformly laid. “The decree of the District Court is reversed and the case is remanded to that court with directions to enter a decree for the appellants.” ILLINOIS COLLECTIONS BALKED. Court Holds Constitutionality at Least Appears Doubtful. SPRINGFIELD, IIL, July 18 () — The United States District Court has ruled the Government temporarily cannot collect processing taxes from 12 firms in Central and Southern Illi- nois. Eleven milling companies and one packing firm have been granted a temporary order restraining the Gov- ernment from collecting the taxes. - . Pt Essolen Snakes! Swamps! MUD! QUICKS Bottoml jungle. Into the fear? How does h Gregory Mason’s $4850 $52.50 —Tropicals Excepted— ALL ARE SUITABLE FOR FALL WEAR —Now Save!— SIDNEY WEST, re .14th & G STS. “On the contrary, the recent de-| powers, the exercise of which has) SAVAGES! @ The lure of a map marked “unex- plored” still leads men into the quicksand, into the paths of poison- — ous snakes and the caves of beasts and savages... Which of these jungle terrors does the trained explorer most T e T RN They claimed the A. A. A. was uncon- stitutional. Judge Charles G. Briggle issued the order late yesterday declaring consti- tutionality at least appeared doubtful, He held that a section saying no in- junction should be issued to prevent the collection of taxes did not apply because of extraordinary circumstances | in the cases involved. “The equitable powers of the court were invoked, in spite of the prohibi- tory provisions of the section relate ing to injunctions, because of the char- acter of the penalties involved for failure of the companies to pay the taxes and the multiplicity of the suits required to get refunds from the Gov= ernment,” Justice Briggle said. He held the companies should pay the taxes to the clerk of the court, pending decision of the constitution- ality of the act. VIRGINIA MILLERS PROTEST. RICHMOND, Va., Jul; 16 (#).—Vir= ginia millers ‘oday had joined with peanut companies of . the Old Dominion in a protest against process- ing taxes. Judge John Paul in District Court at Harrisonburg Mcrday will hear petitions of the S-uenandoah Milling Co. and other milicps for an ‘njunc- tion to restrain the collector =f in- ternal revenue from collecting proc- |essing taxes on wheat ground into flour. Other petitions Fave been filcd by | the J. M. Strickler Milis of Harrison- | burg and the Natural Falls Milling Co. of Bridgewater. Judge Paul has granted a preliminary restraining or- der on each. Before Selling Investigate the Prices | We Pay for | OLD GOLD AND SILVER Jewelry of every description. bridge- siiver No matter how old or idated any of foregoing ar- cles might be. 7ou will be greatly Drised at the cash prices paid by us | (Licensed by U. 8. Govt.) | SHAH & SHAH 92! F St. N.W. Phone NA 5543—We Will Call AT REGULAR GASOLINE PRICE W,@a Smoother Performance e AND! HURRICANES! ess Pits! Underground Rivers! MALARIAY Wild Beasts? slimy tre‘cchorous G e meet the dangers and bring himself back alive? Read “Close Calls in the Jungle” in Sunday's Magazine. It's a noted explorer’s own story of his hair-raising escapes in Central and South America. more thrilling tha w=and It's enly one of A trve story, yet n fictionl !$