Evening Star Newspaper, July 7, 1935, Page 29

BLUE EAGLE TESTS ROOSEVELT GRIP “Political Window Dressing” Backfires in Barrage at Supreme Court. BY MARK SULLIVAN, VENTS ot the past two weeks | or more must have made the country aware, partially at least. of a condition at Wash- ington wnich once understood, ex- | plains much. Polities kas becoma the art of causing the people to feel the way the politician wishes them to feel, of starting waves of popular emotion. Sorietimes, as has hap- pened now in Washington, when a wave gets started against the poli- tician, the ar: is to start a counter- wave. Here are 120.000.000 people; the game is to get a majority of them going the way the politician wants. It is a game in which the emotional impression, the superficial appear- | ance, counts everything, px‘mu])lei very little. More and more politic: has come to be that. It is not merely in the White House that the game is : it is played by the and by the “King- *in New Crleans. It is played in| ope even more successfully than merica. [or in Germany, Russia Italy, the player who is at the head of state has the immense advantage of controlling the radio and the press, ani of being able to exclude his Wide Powers Cut. } The recen: series of events at Washington began with Mr. Roose- | velt's irritation against the Supreme Court decisior. which killed the blue eagle, and the one that deprived the President of the right to remove at will members of such commissions as the Federal Trade, the Federal Reserve Board and the like, thereby making it impossible to pack such commissions with New Dealers (until the statutory terms of the present members expire) | I think—I say “T think” because in all this one much depend in part on inference about what is in the —I think there is no ident was so serenely of his power with the 1at he took it completely for start a wave of e to the Supreme 25 between him and the he had only to speak ountry to him, and set Court. It was only a whether to make his adio, or to use his of giving out his views through the news- Ppaper con Newspapers Tmportant. 5 ics has come to be the starting waves public Mr. Roosevelt is ap- ards his newspaper con-| 1e most important technique. Except when from Washington, he one. The period as- s a half hour; some- continues them much longer: on the occasion of his criticism of the Supreme Court he kept talking for nearly an hour and a half. and stopped only when one of his secretaries reminded him it was atis ving time. and there- fore gettin e for the correspond- ents to get what he was saying into the evening rewspapers. Of what went on in the President’ inner circle of intimates after th Supreme Court decision. when he Was deciding t how to start the wave of public feeling he desired, there is en account in the Literary Digest, an account coming obviously from one | who was close to the inside, and agreeing wholly with what was seen from the outside. This account is a most illuminating glimpse behind the scenes, a picture of the degree to which the technique of moving the crowd figures in present-day politics: Criticism Plentiful. “Presidential confidantes ized that the criticism of the Supreme Court was a tremendously important move for Mr. Roosevelt to make. Once the President had decided to make it, | the only question that remained was whether to express himself by radio or through the press. There had been growing criticism in the press that the President has been leaning too strongly toward the radio. Members | of his own secretariat joined in the | effort to convince him that he could | get better results, in the case in point, | by stating his case to the press * * * | Mr. Roosevelt decided in favor of the press and has been quite unhappy about the result. Now there is a con- troversy whether the fault was that of the President or of the press. The sident feels that if he had gone on the air with his statement of views it would have been in the eve- | ning. He would have talked direct to the Nation and the people would have begun to form their own conclusions before their morning papers arrived | with their editorial reaction. In the President’s view, the pressure of a| public opinion favorable to a con- | tinuance of the New Deal would have | been on the newspapers before lhr-y' knew it. He believes that this, in turn, would have tempered the natural tendency of newspaper editors to take an antagonistic view. As it was, the | President had his ‘background' talk | ‘Wwith the press in the morning. The | public got snatches of it in the after- noon newspapers and the full report in the morning papers, wrapped up in the same bundle with a vigorous edi- toriai attack throughout the countr: . . To the Fresident it was like start- ing off on the wrong foot With a pro- posal of great importance to his | philosophy of government.” Fails to Hit Court. When the attempt failed to start a wave of feeling against the Supreme Court, when indeed a wave started in favor of the court. the question be- came one of starting a counter-wave, or rather a wave about something else, which would smother out the rising feeling in defense of tne Su- preme Court and the Constitution. For this purpose the message to Congress about “distribution of wealth” seemed a sure device, a per- fect white rabbit. But that went badly, too. There is hardly the faint- est doubt the President intended that message merely for the momenmtary purpose of changing the subject in the public mind, that actual enact- ment of a “distribution of wealth” measure by Congress should not take place until some time in the indefi- nite future, after the close of the present session, which at that time was expected to end by July 15. But this, too, went wrong, in a dif- ferent way. Once the President had sent his message, radicals, both those hin Mr. Rooseveit's circle and those i 74 of details of he is away never cancels signed to 1 times the Pre ent de, began to put pressure on . Their argument was that if the ident, after sending the “distri- | preme Court and DEBACLE United States bution of wealth” message, did not press for immediate passage. he would be held guilty of ‘“stalling.” The Fresident cannot afford to lose any of the radicals, for he has started on a course in which he depends on them in the election next year. Conse- quently he was now compelled to press for immediate enactment, which was, and is, awkward. In a confer- ence at the White House between the President and Democratic leaders of Congress, it was decided that this revolutianary policy of “distributing the wealth” should be enatcted within less than five days’ time, with only & few hours of debate, as a “rider” on a tax bill which had to be passed by June 30 in order to keep certain taxes in effect. Technical Denial. At this, again, there was uproar. | The President was obliged to issue what Mr. Arthur Krock in the New York Times calls a “technical” de- nial that he had asked that the “dis- tribution of wealth” measure be enacted within five days. To quote Mr. Krock further, “The incident is unpleasant Once again ‘deep strategy’ has proved too clever; once again oversubtlety has overwhelmed its own inventors.” While the uproar about the “brutal opportunism”—the phrase is Mr. Krock's—of trying to enact the “dis- | tribution of wealth” measure in five | days—while that was raging. another | regular press conference arrived. | Mr. Roosevelt now took the poor old | bedeviled public utilities and gave | that whipping boy another ride. For | some 15 minutes he lammed them, | pounded them, excoriated them. All appeared in the papers next day. “The situation now, expressed in terms of the new art of politics, was that the criticism of the Supreme Court had been pushed out of the public mind by the “distribution of | wealth” message; but that, having turned out badly on its own account, was pushed aside by the excoriation of the public utilities But one feels like agreeing with Mr. | Krock that oversubtlety may have | defeated itself. In any event, there are two points for the sure-footed part of the public to bear in mind: One is the existence of this art of politics which tries to stampede the people first this way, then that. The other is that the issue between. on the one hand. Mr. Roosevelt and the New Deal. and on the other hand the Su- the Constitution— that issue has not been abandoned Mr. Roosevelt. On the contrary, a policy is being followed of keeping it | in the background now, but bringing | it forward again next year. and bring- | ing it forward in a form politically ad- | vantageous to the President. Politics conceived as the art of mak- ing impressions is not wholly new. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C PART TWO. Taming the River of Kings Mighty Columbia Being Harnessed as Result of an Idea Born in Country Lawy | Publicity Galore! | @ | | | But it has been enormously expanded by two devices, the radio. and the use by the Government of publicity men, propagandists—I estimate that the Roosevelt administration has upward of a hundred of these. The art is car- ried farther in the dictator govern- ments of Europe, where the man at the head has the advantage of auto- cratic and exclusive right to use the radio and the press, and to prevent opposing views from being expressed. The art, as respects the radio, varies with the adeptness of the head of state ir that medium. Mr. Roosevelt has an exceptional radio voice, has the “come hither” quality in his voice and in his personality. If one were in a cynical mood. one might say that this modern art of politics, which is the art of moving the crowd by radio. mainly by the emo- tional quality of -the words and per- sonality, rather than by the intellect- ual content of the words—one might say this has some similitude to that art which in the Middle West is known as “hog calling.” Successful hog calling depends on knowiedge of the hogs that the possessor of the voice they hear has a full hog trough. “The hog trough™ is an old political term for t source of patronage‘and appropria- tions. And Mr. Roosevelt has $4,000, 000,000 Politics as the art of making an im- pression, sometimes an impression de- signed to divert the public from what | is really going on, is broader than use of the radio and of propaganda through publicity men. It includes the sort of art of adroit manipulation of appearances, of which there was an example early in Mr. Roosevelt's ad- | ministration. Political Windows. Mr. Roosevelt in making up his cabinet gave the top place, Sccretary of State, to one of the half dozen most high-minded men in either part Cordell Hull, an old-fashioned, low- tariffl Democrat, devoted to Demo- cratic principles and traditions. That was for window-dressing, for the pub- lic impressions. Back of Mr. Hull, as Undersecretary, was put a “brain truster” and New Dealer, Prof. Ray- mond Moley. The notion was that while Mr. Hull in the front window created the desired impression of con- servatism and tradition, the depart- ment would really be run by the New Dealer behind his back. For some months it worked that way; it was Moley who saw the President Mr. Hull reduced to the status of figure head. But Mr. Hull had too much character and intelligence. After some six months Mr. Hull said to the President, in effect, “Moley or me."” Attempts were made to do the same thing in the Treasury. That post was offered to Senator Carter Glass, known everywhere as a Democrat of the old tradition, a former member of Wood- row Wilson's cabinet, a man of the highest character, a devotee of sound finance. But Senator Glass, ecnsider- ing che tender, determined to satisfy himself about two points: Would the Treasury policy be in accord with his principles? And would he be permit- ted to choose his own subordinates? Lacking assurance on these two points, Senator Glass avoided the plan to make him and his reputation window- dressing for manipulation behind the scenes. (Copyright. 1935.) . King Carol Spending Millions on Palace BUCHAREST, Rumania, July 6.— Apparently believing he will be on the Rumanian throne for many years more, King Carol is spending millions of lei on the enlargement of the sump- tuous royal palace here. The Rumanian sovereign has or- dered the addition to the palace, | NO. 1. WHERE THE HI GE | 3, FOUNDATIONS FOR A NEW BY KATHERINE GLOVER. | HE Pacific Northwest, where a great social laboratory is open- ing up with the Columbia River Basin development, is an empire presided over by a river. Rising among the lakes and snowy peaks of the Canadian Rockies. the Columbia, fed by innumerable lesser streams and lakes, steadily gathers | more and more power as it pursues its meandering course of 1,400 miles from British Columbia through ‘Washington and Orgeon to the sea | It covers in its drainage area nearly 300.000 square miles. | Long before the Oregon country | was known to explorers a great river known as the River of Kings engaged dreams of explorers of many lands. Its sands were said to be of | ;pure gold. After another Ia:‘mon.‘v | today the great river casts its spell | over the imaginations of men. t The Columbia’s story has alway been written in the large. In prehis- toric days the earth bubbled up in the Northwest region in great vol- canoes, pouring streams of lava one upon another in intervals of thou- sands of years. Along the river's banks these lava layers are clearly | seen, carved into great cathedral walls, rising five hundred to a thou- sand feet high and turned into the | colors of barbaric jewels. After the lava, when the earth had | | cooled. ice sheets swept over the land | and torrents of water carved courses | known as coulees. The Columbia | was once one of these torrents—a much greater stream than it is today. Trade Route of Indians. | | The Columbia was the trade route of the Indians and of the first voy-| agers. Through the gap it had cut} in the mountains the early adven- turers strayed overland; those who came by water entered through the mouth of the Columbia on Puget Sound. Lewlis and Clark crossed that same gap of the Columbia, followed by the homesteaders and farmers, the timber lords, driven by the era of building and the need for lumber for homes, factories, railroad ties. This is the backdrop for the drama that is opening the Columbia River basin today. Two great dams are under way on the Columbia, one at Bonneville in | Oregon, just east of Portland, and | the other at the Grand Coulee, 90 | miles northwest of Spokane in what is known as the Big Bend of the river. Eight minor dams are projected for development, the whole plan to be spread perhaps over a hundred years. This project is as great in scope as the Panama Canal. It will create a | region of superpower, changing the | whole economic picture of the West Coast and, it may be, long before the development is complete, shifting the social axis of the Nation. Rivals Boulder Dam. The Grand Coulee dam is to be the greatest structure ever built by man— larger than Boulder Dam, greater than the Pyramids. When the water flows over its spillways and power is being generated in ihe great power houses, the story of hcw the project of the dam began may be forgotten. And it is a story as fantastic as any that ever came out of the West, where even the coolest business deal seems | to take on the color of romance and the great and the small interweave in | a fashion that upsets all the values | of the Easterner. One July day 17 years ago Rufus | ‘Woods, editor of the Wenatchee Daily ‘World, dropped into Jim O'Sullivan’s one-story law office in the little town of Ephrata, Wash. He found Wil- liam, better known as Billy, Clapp there. (I am telling the story as it was told to me:) Woods has a habit R | | the "MPIRE | States of scouting the couptry for news and AND COUL DAM WILL RISE. A PILE DRIVER AT WORK. always has his portable typewriter® with him so as to catch the news while it's hot. The da> was scorchinz and the dust was swirling in thick clouds in the street. To Billy Clapp that dust that | hid the sun covered the floor of the office and the papers on the desk meant just one thing. It meant that the farms about Ephrata were going ! to ruin. And every owner of those farms was a neighbor and a friend to NO. 2, MASON CITY, A NEW CITY FOR WORKERS ON THE DAM. Billy. So when Rufus Woods asked his usual question, “Any news, boys?" the thing that was uppermost in Clapp's mind popped out “We've got t6 build a aam at Grand Coulee and keep this country from drying up.” Maybe he didn't expect the sugges- | tion to ne taken seriously. maybe he did. Out came the typawriter, propped on O'Sullivan’s desk, and Woods be- gan writing his story, filling in the PANAMA GOLD CLAIM WON ON INTERNATIONAL LAW Victory Gained After Supreme Court Ruled U. S. Must Pay Debt According to Contract. BY GASTON NERVAL. | TENTATIVE settlement of | the so-called “gold claim” of | the Republic of Panama has | been reached, according to | newspaper reports. The United States Government has admitted the right | of Panama to demand that the an-| nuity be paid in gold coin of the standard | of value existing in 1904 | The details of the agreement have not been made public yet, for they will probably form part of the new | treaty governing the relations of the | United States and Panama over the | Canal Zone, which is at present being negotiated at Washington. However, | the announcement of the United States’ decision to recognize the | Panamanian claim is in itself suffi- | cient confirmation of the opinion, advanced 15 months ago in these same columns, that “all the legal minds and the financial experts at Washington” would be “unable to deny the right of the small Panaman- ian Republic to demand payment of the canal annuity in gold, that is,| payment in the gold coin of 1904.” A mere glance at the arguments offered by the representatives of | Panama supported that conclusion, and now, that these have been ac- cepted, it may be worthwhile and timely to recapitulate them. The 1904 treaty stipulated that the United would pay in perpetuity to Panama an annuity of $250,000 “in gold coin” in compensation for the sum from the railroad concession which was taken over by the United States, tegether with other rights granted by Panama, also in perpet- uity, for the construction, use, main- tenance and protection of the inter- oceanic canal. Rejected New Dollars. Last year, when the United States Government devaluated the dollar, changing its gold content, making “lawful currency” legal tender in all sorts of obligations and declaring no longer valid the old gold clause in contracts, the representatives of Panama refused to accept the pay- ment of the treaty annuity in the “new dollars.” Starting from the premise that the juridical relations of Panama with the United States arising out of the Canal treaty were governed by in- ternational law, the government of Panama asserted that a contractual obligation such as the “gold annuity” could not be changed, diminished or impaired by the act of only one of the parties to the treaty. The value stipulated as a perpetual | compensation to be paid annually by the United States to Panama was the | value represented by the sum of 250,- 000 coins named dollars and having a gold content of 25 grains 900 thousandths fine. This value could not be diminished in detriment of Panama by reason of laws enacted by | the Congress of the United States| changing the gold content of the dol- stipulated in the Canal treaty | lar to 15.3 grains of the same fineness. | ‘The Congress of the United State: | might likewise, and with indisputable right, as the Panamanian Minister said in the extensive memorandum he presented to the State Department, enact some other law reducing the geld content of the dollar to five or to one grain and, if dollars of such a weight could legitimately be used mn | discharge of the treaty annuity, the | compensation agreed upon in 1904 would be virtually wiped out. It had been argued that Panama should overlook the whole matter be- cause the canal annuity had been for years allocated to the service of the Panamanian bonds in the hands of United States investors and that, therefore, as the money was not going out of the United States the govern- menyt of Panama would not be bene- fited" oy the payment, in gold. Cling to Right. To this the Panamanians answered that the right of their country to re- ceive the gold coin stipulated in the treaty was not dependent upon the use to which the money might be destined or upon considerations of whether Panama would be benefited or not by such payment in gold. The existence of a right did not cease or vary, they added, by reason of the fact that the person vested with the right was or was not benefited by its exercise. It had also been said that if Pan- ama demanded payment in gold of the canal annuity, the citizens of the United States, holders of Panamanian bonds, could also demand payment in gold and thus offset any benefit which might accrue to the former. Here, again, the Panamanians called atten- tion to a fundamental difference. While the payment to the government of Panama was ruled by international law, the relations of Panama with: the bondholders of her foreign debt resid- ing in the United States were gov- erned by the internal laws of the United States. Who could dispute the right of the Panamanian government to discharge its obligations in the United States in accordance with the laws of the United States? Still another objection to the Pana- manian demand seemed to be that Panama had already benefited by the reduction in the value (not the (Continued on mhh Fage, » ver’s Office. D—3 WORLD’S WOMEN BATTLE FOR RIGHT TO HOLD JOBS Quotas in Europe Leaders to Arouse Feminine Action on Work. BY ALBIN E. JOHNSON. ENEVA —Faced with the dan- ger of losing their “right to | work,” to say nothing of their “political rights,” Eu- | ropean women, and to a certain extent women in all countries of the world, | are rising in arms against any further encroachment of their equality. Nu- merous petitions received by the Inter- national Labor Office and the nine- teenth annual conference of the I | L. O. reveal that as a result of the economic crisis drastic changes in woman'’s status is envisaged in many countries. Although public attention has not been centered upon their plight, women, next to young people of both sexes, are suffering as much, if not | more, because of unemployment and | the depression, as are men. No re- liable statistics are available as to what per cent of the world’s unem- ployment are women, but their num- ber is growing because of a Wide- | spread tendency, for both political and { economic reasons, to banish them from the professions, and to a limited extent from industry In Germany a “quota” has been placed upon women who may obtain | higher or specialized education: in Italy official regulations have limited | the number of females that may be izo per cent. | engaged in industry to a maximum of In Belgium the minister | of labor and social welfare has been NO. his lee He wrote Grand Co details as he went story as though the dam were already practi The next day's Wena carried the story in type so large t everything else on the ished into insignificance. gragh re the newest, the m bitious idea in the way of rec - tion and the development of water power ever formulated 1. now in proc- | ess of development. The idea con- | templates turning the Columbia Rive! back into its old bed in Grand Co: by the construction of a giant dam, the reclamation of between one and two million acres of lund in Grant. Adams and Franklin Counties and the development of a water power approximating Niagara Falls. It was first conceived by William Clapp of Ephrata, who kept it under his hat | for several months owing to the fact that it appeared at t too much of an evanescent dream. But as the idea began to develop he talked it over with some of his friends. It so ap pealed to the Grant County commis sioners that they have sent the coun- | ty engineer to look the matter up from an engineer’s standpoint That was in July, 1918. Years passed and hopes for the dam waxed and waned. The people of the Big Bend scraped together a meager $13.000. Small farm owners and little shopkeepers subscribed from _their earnings. Big Bend folk told O'Sul- ivan to pack up and go to Washing- | ton until the league’s funds ran out— which they did so suddenly that he | had to get back home the best way | he could. | Gets Famed Builder. | An idea had been brooding in Jim O'sullivan’s mind. Finding himself in Coulee City one Sunday in a de- serted hotel, the idea suddenly ger- minated. He sat down at the hotel desk to write. There was no station- ery in the desk, but he found a piece of brown paper. On that he wrote an invitation to the greatest engineer he knew of to come and pass judgment on the Grand Coulee. That engineer was Col. Cooper, internationally known builder of dams. It was a successful coup on O'Sul- livan's part, for Col. Cooper approved the practicability of the dam from an engineering standpoint and saw the vast possibilities for development of the region. Shortly after his visit, A. P. Davis, head of the Government Reclamation Service, added his in- dorsement. Final action came when the Army engineers under Lieut. John S. Butler came to Washington in 1929. They gave their unqualified ap- proval to Grand Coulee. Carrying in its waters a $10.000,000 annual crop of salmon, bathing the most extensive stands of timber in the country, holding the waters that are the very life of arid stretches, with the greatest potential power of any stream in the country, the Co- lumbia could not possibly yield its power effectively to any private com- pany or companies, nor to any one State, nor even one section. It binds two countries and serves four States. Its mouth is on the Pacific and part of its headwaters flow through desert stretches. It 1s a river that has had to wait for a day when individualistic control merged into a larger concept. Its potentialities are on such a scale that they could never have yielded to de- velopment by a lesser power than that of the united people for the good of the whole people. The Columbia has waited through the ages for the dawn of the era of power. thing less than a master development, and now the stage is being set for a vast drama. The Oregon country has | 8lways been our last frontier. And it A ost am- | It has not submitted to any-1 | empowered by royal decree “to fix a maximum percentage of married women in each branch of commerce | |and industry.” l Women Organizing. | In Holland, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Scandanavian countries women are organizing to protect themselves economically. In { France the agitation has taken on a | political aspect with the result that | equal suffrage is nearer attainment | in that country than it has ever been | France and Switzerland, supposedly | two of the most enlightened states in | Europe, are about the only ones where | women do not have the vote | It is in Nazi Germany and Fascist | Italy, especially, where the movem to drive women out of professic and industrial life, and i kitchen and bed room™ is m nounced. Both governments upon obtaining heavily birthrates compen. increz loans, mater t. “mothers has 1.000 teachers now engaged in “t ing women for motherhood.” of the women's that there are y education, service” January of this year for women's lzbor camps increased by 50 per ceni. While the service is vol untary, presu ly, no girl i permission pulsory labor ser besides domestic training. “assistance to housewiv worked mother. " Girl Students Trained. The scheme for placing all | man girl school students in vate homes for training upon their leaving schooi. is not work out as well as was expected. The system has lled to “abuses.” according to the offi- cial Nazi publication. tHe Volkisc! Beobachter, which adds that voung girls placed in domestic er ployment do not always receive ti education and moral training which |had been expected.” A vigorous | propaganda in the Nazi press has been ordered to remedy the s ion | Official statistics in Germany show however, that women are steadily being pushed of industry and the pro- fessions. During the 1933-34 school vear the number of students permit- ted to enter universities was limited to 15.000, of whom only 10 per cent | were to be women. The decline in the number of women enrolled in various cla: ranged from 22 per cent in medicine to 53 per cent in chemistry and 58 per cent in geography In employment the exodus of women was marked. About 3.386.000 workers were reabsorbed by industry last year, | of which 17 per cent were women. In |12 months the number of woman workers dropped 5 per cent. Bonuses | of from 500 to 1.000 marks given to | women who contract marriage are said | to have been responsible. Reports received by the I. L. O. say the number of employed married | women in the United States and Great | | Britain, as well as some other coun- | | tries, shows a tendency to increese. | In the last census there were 10.700.- | 1000 employed women in the United | States. over 3.000.000 of whom were married. In 1890. 1 out of 22 married American women was employed: in 1930, 1 out of every 9. In countries where an honest effort has been made Ge; p! thereby returning women to their homes and firesides. results have P — e still is—but it becomes in this latter day a social rather than a physical frontier. v Water is life here in this region between the Cascades and the Rockles, whose high peaks the rain clouds can- not cross. One can understand why the people on the dry side of the Columbia River, where it has been impossible to irrigate. pinched from their little profits on bread and mil- | linery and post-dated their checks to help build a dam at Grand Coulee. They have seen what water has done in the Yakima Valley. They have seen what it has done in the later development of Wenatchee, where enough apples are produced every vear to provide 10 apiece for every person in the United States. In the Pacific Northwest they define planning as “co-operation for the common good,” or, “common sense applied to human activities.” It is on this “co-operation for the common good” that the development in the Columbia River basin is pro- ceeding. They are making blue prints in the Columbia River Basin for a structure which promises the kind of democracy which the people of this Nation have always aspired to and of which we have fallen so lamentably short: a working democracy based on fair dealing with the natural re- sources, and their development for the common good. To those who are discouraged with the trend of things in these post-depression days one feels like revising Horace Greeley's advice and saying, “Go Northwest, young man (or old). Take a look at this Oregon country, where new frontiers are opening.” to replace women by unemployved men, | shown that the effect on unemploy= ment totals has been practicaliy negligible. In New Zealand, where women car- ried their fight to the Industrial Court, the decision handed down demanded “equal pay and equal opportunities” for both sexes. Young Workers Hit. Another group whose plight appears to be worsening rather than improv- ing as the depression is passing is the young unemployed. There are more than 7,000,000 of idle youth of both sexes in the leading industrial countries today. Instead of diminishing, their number is growing, especially as the so-called “lean years” pass. During between 1915 and 1919—the of nearly every European country were below normal. In Ger- the number of s during the when compa with the 1914 average, was more than 2,000,000 short. In Great B there were 1.100.000 less bab: in France 865,000. the number of ¥o the labor market than the preced From 1935 on the total w imp forward aga After 1919 there was a noticeable crease in births, and babies born du ing those years are just tu which girls start entering th It has been noticed that wherever unemployment is decreasing it is usually the older and skilled workers who are first reabsorbed. Nazi Ger- war, | many, last August, promulgated a de- cree whereunder all young persons less than 25 years of age, with rare ex- ceptions, were ordered dismissed from offices, factories, etc. Bulgaria, which started compulsory labor corps more than 10 years ago, found itself with 20000 young rec last year, while y 2,000 Bulgarfan boys were able e jobs. Volunteer labor camps have a capacity of 15,000 2,000 were girls last vear nder 25 years of are taken U. S. Toll Huge. United States, accor there were, at d 6.500.000 young wo; ges of 18 and 24 yes imber 500,000 we raduates. More th: 6.500.000 were In the this represe: nal Labor Conference ks ago nearly 1,000 y g unemplo; jen, Norway ns which made a stack 10 fee ] d by hundreds unemplovec showed that e and placed upon unemploved when e offenses Britain three- 1 boys of were mitted (W in the Unites > expected to accommodat people by Autumn) fur- palliatives for the problem young today, are e 10 learn a trade be apprenticed graduates annot prac- medical profes- icians and ons have been advanced ing the school- leaving age. lowering the retiring age at which workers receive old-age pen- sions. shorten of the working week vocational training while idle, higher educational opportu es, etc. While the various proposals cited above may alleviate suffering temporarily, the hard fact remains that with popula- | tion growing, and machines taking | the human element out of industry there are not enough jobs to go around as it is. sion artists Hitler Revolt Looms, Says German Editor STOCKHOLM (#)—A growing op- position to with German,So Democrats developing a secret firm organization taking place Germany, accor to Priedr Stampfer, for many years editor-| chief of Social Democrat news- paper Worwarts in Berlin In a published interview here Stamp- fer, who in 1933 was dispossessed of German citizenship. describes the | workers' movement in Germany as “far from dead” and capable of again | becoming an important political fac- | tor. | The exact manner in which the at- | tack against Hitlerism is being ad- vanced cannot be stated, Stampfer de- | clared, but one phase. he pointed out { has to do with providing better and | more honest news of world develop- ments outside of Germany, That Germany will before long be involved in war Stampfer regards as inevitable. 'Red Army Is Schooled In Spectacular Scenes d From First Page.) (Conti tary school, but alse a school of citizenship,” says a recent article by a leading Communist. And War Com- missar Voroshilov has said “The fighting ability of an army is directly proportioned to the le\'cl' of its political consciousness.” All this is not to disparage the Soviet achievement in preparedness. The Red Army is the smoothest-func- tioning organization in the U. 8. S. R. —far better disciplined than the transportation and industry upon which it must rely. The House of the Red Army is the most immaculately kept building in Moscow. There is no question of the loyalty of the new officers and of their eagerness to prove themselves. However, the sincere efforts of the Soviet government to keep the peace, their adherence to the League of Na- tions and their restraint in the Man- churian conflict show that they are not yet ready to meet the supreme test. War might cost the Stalin gov- ernment its life and plunge Russia again into chaos.