Evening Star Newspaper, July 7, 1935, Page 28

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, =G, JULY 17, 1935—PART TWO THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien, D. C. LJuly 7, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES..........Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company. Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvania Ave New Ycrk Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buflding. European Office: 14 Regent St.. London. England Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition, The Evening Star The Evening_and Sunday Star (when 4 Sundays) The Evening and Sunday Star (when 5 Sundave) The Sunday Star Night Final Fdition. Night Final and Sunday Star Night Final Star i c per month Coliection made at the end of each month. Orders mayv be sent by malil or telephone Na- tional 5000 45c per month 60c per month 65¢_per munth 5¢ per copy Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Daily ard Su £10.00: 1 mo. Dally only $6.000 1 m 0., 50c Bunday only $4.00; 1 mo., 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Dally and Sunday.1 yr. $12.00: 1 mo. Dailr only 1 ¥rl. " $8.00: 1.mo.. Suncay only 1 yr. $500: 1 mo. Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited 1o it or not otherwise credited in this paper and aiso the local news published herein All rights of publication of special dispaiches herein are also reserved — “Production for Use.” #logan of the radical third party group which has been meeting in Chicago to consider a platform and the choice of leaders. It is “production for use.” In the minds of these third party prophets, it is the antithesis of *“production for | profit.” Profit, as it has been understood | in the world of toil and production in the past, must go. It is time for human beings to shake off their age-old desire for personal and private gain, for profit | in terms of money and wealth. The basic idea seems no more nor less than another ‘“share-the-wealth” idea, with different trimmings. It does seem, however, that even under the proposed plan of the radicals, the man who pro- duced more would have more to use— unless he is prevented from using it. The “third party” men say they wish to be ready for eventualities. They are not sure whether they will launch a new political party at this time. They are dabbling their toes in the pond, but hesitate to make the plunge. The call for the meeting was signed by five radical members of the House, Amlie and Schneider of Wisconsin, Marcan- tonio of New York, Lundeen of Minne- sota, and Scott of California. It was noticeable that neither Senator La Follette Gov. La Follette, heads of the Progressive party in Wisconsin, took part in the conference, nor did the heads of the third party in Minne- sota, Gov. Olson and Senator Shipstead, nor put in an appearance, although Olson sent a letter. These third party they seem to center on the tion for use” only idea, are so far not a unit on what steps shall be taken. For example, Upton Sinclair, who gives them his blessing, strongly urges those radicals on the spot in Chicago not to launch a third party on the ground that it would mean the election of Herbert Hoover to the presidency next year. Senator Nye of North Dakota takes the view that such a third party would be greatly harmful to the Re- publicans. Clearly one of these opinions must be wrong. The American people for the past two years have had a lot of experiments tried on them, in the name of reform and what not, The radicals seeking a third party take the position that these experiments have not gone far enough. They demand more heroic treatment advocates, while than the Roosevelt New Dealers have | administered. Yet there are signs that the American people are becoming fed up on both experiments and so-called reformers. The chances of a successful, radical third party are not bright. With one of the Roosevelt experiments these radicals do not agree, and in their | disagreement they find themselves aligned with more conservative critics of the New Deal. They do not believe in the policy of arcity” which the New Dealers have set up in their effort to solve the farm problem. They do not believe that America can be either happy | or wealthy while sources of production | The difference between | are drying up. these radical critics of the Roosevelt administration and the conservatives lies in their ideas of distribution of pro- duction. The radicals are for “use” only. The conservatives are for “profit,” where profit can be made legitimately. e e The political power of a Postmaster General is so great that no holder of the title need be surprised if he is sus- pected of asserting a mailed fist. S Lese Majeste in the East. Now it is a case of lese majeste for which Japan is calling China to account. It concerns an episode at Shanghai and threatens another Sino-Japanese clash in that region at the same moment that conflict rages over Tokio's demands for military and political concessions North China in the Peiping-Tientsin area. The Japanese are protesting against a recently printed insult to Emperor Hirohito. Unless there is prompt redress for the publication, an official Japanese spokesman states that the 30,000 Japanese inhabitants of the great commercial metropolis—scene of the sanguinary hostilities between the two countries early in 1932—“will take things into their own hands.” Pro- longed refusal by the Chinese to give satisfaction will, it is warned, lead to grave consequences. The Japanese flag- ghip Iwate happens to be in Shanghai harbor and Rear Admiral Sato will not 1lift anchor until the “insult” incident is closed. The offensive publication is alleged to have been contained in an article en- titled “Gossip About Emperors,” pub- lished in the New Life Weekly, a Chinese magazine. It dealt at length with the Japanese imperial household. » c per month | | organizations “produc- | | willingly in | Japan, it is explained, clalms no satis- faction for the affair in the form of railway, aviation or economic rights, as it seeks in Hopei Province, but requires adequate punishment of the persons actually responsible for the obnoxious article and of the Kuomintang (Na- tionalist party) officials who permitted its publication. The former Shanghai Sino-Japanese imbroglio, which led to weeks of fighting between organized bodies of troops, grew out of a local incident hardly more important than the lese majeste episode now provoking friction between the two peoples. For the moment no bigger than the shadow cast by a man’'s hand, it is one of those things easily capable, in the present explosive condition of | Sino-Japanese relations, of growing into an affair of genuine gravity. The | reverence of the Japanese for their sovereign is proverbial. Whenever they feel that the sacredness with which they endow his person is violated, there exists an issue for which the sons of Nippon are ready to do and die. It is that spirit which clothes the Shanghal “insult” with serious possibilities. vt Second to Highest. The Commissioners’ request for a sup- plementary appropriation of $65,000 for the Health Department, resulting from 3 | the arbitrary elimir equested A catch phrase, new to politics, is the | e nination of req | increases for the Health Department’s current vear's budget, is now before the Budget Bureau. It has been confidently predicted by some members of Congress that if the Budget Bureau approved the request, it would be granted by Congress, If any additional argument as to the need for this money were necessary— and to those who have studied the local problem none is necessary—it has been furnished in the release of statistics which give Washington the unenviable distinction of having moved from third | to second place among the major cities | of the United States in death rate from tuberculosis. This gain in standing has taken place | despite the small reduction of two per cent in the city's death rate during 1934 as against 1933. Washington's percent- age of 120 per 100,000 population is to be compared with the average for the country of 69.6. The reductions in the Health Depart- ment’s budget for the current fiscal vear were made in the face of pleas by Dr. Ruhland, the new health officer, supported by the medical and of the community, for funds with which to finance a new and enlarged program in preventive health education and early examina- tion and diagnosis of school children. The campaign was chiefly against tuberculosis. Should the reductions stand, the Health Department will not only be unable to undertake this necessary work, but will even be forced to furlough some of its regular staff and diminish its normal activities. Assuredly the President and the Budget Bureau will help to correct what otherwise promises to be a grave if not fatal error of judgment by the appropriating Congress. ———— Doing Very Nicely. Mrs. Ochimi Kubushiro, the Japanese | lady who is visiting the United States to find out how the problem of sex education is handled on this side of the | Pacific, was amused at the answer given 1 her by Mr. Degges, the secretary of the | Board of Education, who suggested that “We really are just making a beginning at that sort of thing.” For, Mrs. Kubushiro reminded him, that was exactly the answer she received when she made the same inquiry on a visit to Washington twenty-nine years ago. But one fears that Mr. Degges was too modest. schools may be doing, or not doing, the moyies are making what are sometimes | referred to as Great Strides in this field. Mrs. Kubushiro might have been referred to the titles of the current cinema and other attractions in Washington this week as answer to her question. 8She would find “Don't Bet on Blond: “The Devil Is a Woman,” “Vagabond Lady,” “Age of Indiscretion,” and “Mysteries of Life.” ——e— Even if plowing under crops creates | expensive scarcity, the American farmer will not get the benefit if foreign mar- keteers insist on chiseling under. . Battle of the Helens. Human interest in the battle of the | Helens of Berkeley overshadowed normal interest in the battle of two great tennis champions at Wimbledon yesterday. The personality of the two players and their resumption of a fight which ended so suddenly and under such dramatic eir- cumstances at Forest Hills two years ago drew a gallery of Spectators as wide as the world. Their match was more than a tennis match. And while one does not attribute the sentiments to either player expressed in the frequent Jjournalistic forecasts of a “grudge fight,” it is nevertheless true that both players had more at stake than the champion- ship for which they were contending. For Miss Jacobs the opportunity was one of removing all cloud to the title she had won at Forest Hills, when Mrs, Moody, in the middle of the third set, with the score 3—0 against her, walked to the net and informed her astonished opponent and the officials that she could not continue the play. For Mrs. Moody the task was not only to regain a lost crown, but to demonstrate the superiority of her skill over a rival who had pressed her so long and so often before. The score at Wimbledon attests the keen- ness of the competition and adds to the real feat represented in Mrs. Moody's victory. X After her default to Miss Jacobs in 1933, Mrs. Moody had undertaken the treatment for her injured back—due to a dislocated vertebra—which consisted mainly of complete rest, and which meant giving up tennis altogether. She did not begin her training for the sea- son until this Spring. Those who be- lieved Miss Jacobs would win at Wimble- 4 lay | to be dx;ecv.ed' Aside from what the public | don based their judgment in part on the absence of competitive training for Mrs. Moody. Dropping out of the game for a year is an almost insurmountable hazard for any champion. But Mrs. Moody has accomplished what she set out, with characteristic, cool determina- tion, to do. The set she lost to Miss Jacobs yesterday was only the third set— one by default—she has ever lost to her home-town rival in eight previous cham- pionship meetings. The superiority of her tennis is hardly to be doubted. But the sequel—yet another sequel—will probably be written at Forest Hills next -| month, Only that match promises to eclipse in drama and public interest the one at Wimbledon yesterday. R The Hard Luck Guy. This dispatch from Carroliton, Ga. affords renewed evidence of the fact that some men are born unlucky and are chronically the victims of mischance: “Nathan Brown, Carroll County farm- er, was stung by a bumble bee. Writhing in pain, he dashed to his house for first aid. On the way he ran across a green snake, which bit him on his foot. Then he headed for town for medical attention. On the way a bulldog bit him.” There was one bit of good luck in Nathan Brown's misadventure. He was not hit by & motor car while he was heading for medical succor. That would indeed have been & climax. There are some people to whom mis- | fortunes come apparently as a matter of course. There are others who are rarely affected by miseries not of their own making. The “hard luck guy” gets all the bumps. Falling objects find him as their mark. The careless driver picks him out for a target. The disease germ finds lodgment in his tissues, Business misfortunes beset him. The chances of a bumble bee sting are slight, even in the open country where these apian lancers are numerous. The chances of a snake bite are slender as well. The chances of a bulldog biting a person are slim. But the chances of all three happening to one person in one day are so attenuated as to require the use of higher mathematics to express them. Yet Nathan Brown got them all, | | to prove that unlikely, even improbable, though this combination may be, it can happen. —————r——————— Methods of scattering war poisons are ingenious and often grotesque. In their unlimited leisure laboratories may yet contemplate & herd of trained mosquitos | to distribute malaria or even yellow fever. They would be less expensive than air | bombers, e ——— The District of Columbia authorities may be able to rid their domain of crime. They will need the co-operation of suburban police to manage what may become a form of border warfare. e Among holding companies there are the righteous and the iniquitous. Human progress might be scored if they could : be incited to uncompromising warfare | among themselves. ——— s = A cotton-picking machine has been | invented. This may be a blow to art. without a scene showing cotton pickers at work. et When it comes to space theories. Prof. FEinstein always has a new supply on hand and offers the obliging assurance that it is no trouble to show goods. oo Shooting Stars. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Watch Dogs. Guardians of the Nation! Still vou linger near For deliberation, Searching and severe. ‘Watch dogs of the cofters Favored by finance, Threatening each who offers Any gambling chance. Watch dogs of our quarrels, Ready with reproof. ‘Watch dogs of our morals *With a warning woof. Creditor and debtor, Each with patience jogs, Maybe we are better Going to the dogs. Safety Device, “Have you ever said anything you were sorry for over the radio?” i “Not recently,” said Senator Sorghum. “I have my political adviser stationed next the control machine and whenever I begin to say something indiscreet he hurls in a bundle of static.” Experts. | Oh, Expert Witnesses, what woe You bring us o'er and o'er. Some of you won't tell all you know, And others tell much more. Arguing On Any Side. “Is he a constitutional lawyer?” asked one attorney. “I shouldn't say precisely that he is a constitutional lawyer. I should say rather that he is & habitual lawyer.” “We believe what pleases us most,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “There will be many kinds of Heaven in order to suit all tastes.” ‘The Purloined Badge. There comes an apprehension That crime will never cease. Amid the wild dissension We call for the police. Just how there is no knowing. ‘There comes in solemn pride A gangster who is showing A badge most dignified. “You don't need much talk to git in an argument,” said Uncle Eben. “De one word ‘hooray’ is enough to show where yoh sympathies are.” L] . No minstrel show used to be completed | New Deal Preparing For Heavy Spending By Owen L. Scott. The New Deal is getting its bank ac- count in shape for heavy spending. President Roosevelt has started to shift 3,500,000 persons from the dole to the Federal pay roll. To be prepared for meeting the regular Saturday night pay- off, he needs a big checking account. The task of keeping the Federal bank account well filled falls to Henry Morgenthau, jr., Secretary of the Treas- ury. He has had it .brimming through- out his tenure. His idea was to have enough money always on hand to meet any possible contingency. But the New Deal, in the past, has consistently failed to spend as much as planned. As a re- sult the Treasury was forced to pay in- terest on money that it really did not need. Just about half the money raised by the Secretary of the Treasury comes from taxes of various kinds. In the fiscal year that just closed he took in about $3,800,000000 from these sources. That was enough money to run the regular Federal Government, pay interest on the Federal debt and retire nearly $600,000,000 of Government bonds. But besides that money he needed another $3,000,000,000 to pay for what now are known as “emergency” Govern- ment expenditures. Mr. Morgenthau went out and borrowed these billions. They are the billions that cause con- cern over New Deal spending policies. During the fiscal year that ended July | 1, 1934, Mr. Morgenthau had borrowed over $3,500,000000. Now he has spent another three billion more than he has raised through taxes and Mr. Roosevelt thinks that four more billions will have to be borrowed in the fiscal year just | starting. Uncle Sam is living beyond his income to that extent—an amount that will exceed $10,000,000,000 in three years. * X * x Many people are worried about the credit df the Federal Government. Treasury officials do not share that worry. The reason is that they are del- uged with offers of money every time they offer Federal promises to pay in return for it. Governor Eccles of the Federal Reserve Board asserted not long ago that the Treasury could borrow money for short | periods more cheaply than it could print | that money in the form of dollar bills. | In other words, it was cheaper to borrow | money than to print money. If market prices are any gauge, the Federal credit today is the best in the world. But Mr. Roosevelt frankly admits that | this credit will not always be so highly regarded if the Government is forced to continue to spend twice as much as it takes in. The problem of Mr. Morgen- thau, so simple now, later might become most difficult. i What, then, is the prospect for an end to heavy spending at some definite date in the future? An answer to that frequently asked question is impossible to give. Mr. Roosevelt is just starting to spend four billions to create 3.500,000 jobs. Some of his leaders in Congress are saying that a year from now they will need to vote | four more billions to continue the jobs that are being created. What happens | the year after that is for the future to tell. Before the New Deal came into office, billions of dollars were on the way out through the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. This money largely was in the form of loans. When Mr. Roosevelt took over the spending job, billions of dollars con- tinued to flow out through R. F. C. loans, but they were augmented by other bil- lions of direct spending for relief, and new billions of loans for public work projects. But today the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, instead of being a net lender, is paying money back to the Government, and P. W. A, instead of expanding its loans, is preparing to fold up gradually. a billion dollars of the 1934 deficit was in the form of loans, a large part of which will be repaid. reimbursing the Treasury. Another billion was in the form of loans through P. W. A, part of which will come back. But in the 1935 fiscal year deficit, none of the deficit was attributable to R. F. C. loans and a smaller amount to P. W. A. loans. In the 1936 fiscal year deficit, just starting to accumulate, nearly all the money that is being paid out is going for good. It is being spent, not lent. T There is something else that officials consider significant. They point out that the New Deal farm program is just about paying for itself. The R. F. C. has begun to earn money from its banking operation and no longer is a user of new money. The Home Owners' Loan Corporation and the Farm Credit Ad- ministration are carrying their billions of loans without much expense to the Treasury. N. R. A. involves scarcely & drop in the bucket of expenditures. Public works are not to involve the spending volume that they did. Now that the New Deal experiments have been tried and much of the shout- be cared for by the Federal Government. The most reliable figures available show that there are more jobless individuals in the United States today than there were in November, 1933, and that there has been a net increase in recent months. Relief rolls, normally declining sharply in the Spring and early Summer, this year have remained stationary, or nearly so. All the pressure that the adminis- tration was able to apply in commun- ities throughout the country was in- effective in squeezing down the size of the relief problem. * ok X % Billions have been spent, N. R. A. has been tried, P. W. A. has been tried, the farm experiment has been applied, money tinkering has had its fling, yet relief rolls remain not far from their depression peak. And the cost of caring for the people on those rolls soon is to be higher than at any time during the depression. Everything done by the Hoover administration and by the New Deal had as its -object the relief of un- employment. Yet unemployment re- mains the unsolved depression problem. Now the question is what to do with this unemployment problem. Mr. Roosevelt proposes to meet it by creating Government-financed work for those on relief rolls. He estimates the cost at $4,000,000,000 a year on the basis of providing 3,500,000 jobs. Yet that number of jobs cares for only half of those out of work and able to work. If billions are to be spent year after year, then the Federal Government, as the President sees it, will need to find ways to obtain the money. Mr. Morgen= thau otherwise would have trouble rais- ing funds as readily and as cheaply as he now raises them. * x ¥k X At that point the subject of taxes enters the picture. President Roosevelt has just broached the subject to Con- gress in a tentative sort of way. His plan for taxing inheritances and large incomes is put forward more as & means , / In other words, more than | SALVAGING THE BEST BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN. D. D, LL. D, D. C. L,, BISHOP OF Ovur age is engaged in studying what is salvageable in its several institutions and agencies. All our economists are busy restudying their plans, all our edu- cators in ‘reappraising their curricula, After pursuing uninterruptedly their established course for many years, they find themselves confronted with a new set of conditions that compel definite i readjustments and readaptations. To many, to be compelled to reckon with such new demands, is a trial they re- luctantly accept. What is of permanent value, obviously, must be preserved. | ‘What is of questionable worth must be | discarded. This may mean the loss of much that hitherto was zealously | guarded and protected. Our situation is | not unlike that of a ship that has sus- tained serious damage and that must be floated into port at any cost. The cargo must be appraised and such parts as are of less value must be jettisoned. There is no alternative. Looking consistently and equitably at human life itself, what do we esteem of such priceless value that at all hazards it must be preserved? Looking more particularly at youth, what are | the indispensable things that challenge | its deepest concern to which we must | | address ourselves with increasing zeal and intelligence? Here lies a problem that must engage our most serious thought and call forth our strongest endeavors. Beyond any question of | doubt the most precious things in any | evaluation of what we hold of worth, | that are indispensable to our continuing security and happiness, concern char- acter. Everything else we possess is in- | consequential compared with it. We may develop along cultural, artistic, mechanical and industrial lines, but we shall ultimately fail unless we stabilize our life by the strong elements of char- acter. A distinguished educator pleads | for the saving of that which contributes to beauty and truth in life. He would | not have us lose in these hectic days when we are seeking to recover our | material values, those finer things that | belong to our better nature, | In looking out upon the world in | which we live we are prone to measure | life's chief assets in terms of what | they represent of material advantage and satisfaction. The gold standard is the criterion by which all else is judged. SHINGTON Our youth in particular are admonished to think of life in terms of gain and the satisfaction of their desires. There is a legitimate and consistent search for the satisfaction of that which our physi- cal nature craves; there is merit in an ambition to attain excellence and prefer® ment in life’s callings and occupations; indeed, life would be gray and monoto- nous without these things. To disparage such ambition is the part of folly. Along with this and to balance it, the recog- nition of the demands of our spiritual nature is demanded. A great teacher and exemplar of life, St. Paul, declared that to properly measure life's real values meant to regard with consistency the things which are seen and those | that are unseen, the temporal and the eternal. He speaks of the outward and the inward man, and affirms that while the outward, the physical man, may slowly but perceptibly fail, the “inward man is renewed day by day.” He con- ceives that a right evaluation of life means the recognition and cultivation of that which is imperishable, the immortal soul. To believe this lends meaning and zest to life. It lifts it above the concerns and satisfactions of the physi- cal and compels it to recognize the utter indestructibility of the inner and finer nature, the real man ‘within. To salvage this was the whole pur- pose of the ministry of Jesus. He placed a higher value upon life’s ca- pacities and potentialities than any one who had gone before. He took the seem- ingly lost and forgotten of earth and invested them with a new hope and gave them the will to fulfill it. He banished fear and despair and quick- ened impulses that had long lain dormant and unrecognized. What may we do to salvage life today? What finer task, ves, what more practical, than to revive in men and women the sense of their real selfhood, their inner and better nature, those great qualities of the soul that are designed to survive all the shocks of time and to grow despite physical impairment and weak- ness? For “though our outward man perish, the inward man is renewed day by day.” of life that prompted the great Master to ask: “What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul?” Fifty Years Ago in The Star That the financial status of the Amer- | ican Government was considerabiy more | satisfactory fifty years ago that it is at present is evidenced by the following in The Star of July 1, 1885: “The balance sheet which the Government could show for the fiscal year ending vesterday was unique among nations. In a time of universal depression in business, the United States was able, not simply to make both.ends meet, but to pay its creditors sixty-eight million dollars out of its surplus revenues. This exhibit is in startling contrast to that of every other government in the family of nations. Even such a rich and wisely managed country as Great Britain is considering the expediency of increasing its debt to defray current expenses. “Our Government is thus doing a very profitable business at a time when other nations and the world of trade generally are groaning over the dull state of the market. Our debt, to be sure, is still large, but the Nation does National Finances. | not feel its weight and it is being re- duced quite as rapidly as sound prin- ciples of finance approve. Our creditors are very well satisfied with their invest- | ment and the banks are anxious lest the too speedy payment of our obliga- tions destroy the foundations of our present admirable banking system. “Moreover, it is not probable that there will be a material falling off in the revenues. An attempt to abolish the internal revenue would meet with strenuous opposition from those who object to cheapening the price of alco- holic liquors and tobacco at the expense of the necessities of life, while the strong labor interests will antagonize all efforts to reduce duties below the pro- tective level. So long as we have a war debt, therefore, it is not likely that the Government will reverse its policy of gathering a large surplus each year. | “There are dangers, no doubt, in an overflowing Treasury. Wealth of all kinds brings its characteristic tempta- tions. But mankind has always shown a readiness to assume the risks that go with a fortune. ‘Large wealth’ ob- served that sagacious Artemas Ward, ‘commonly ruins young men; I should like to be ruined’ One | temptation is, of course, that of extrava- gance; but is it out of place to remind the Government that another very com- mon temptation of wealth is parsimony? For each rich man who squanders his money a dozen may be found who | hoard it, and governments may fall of ing has died down, there remain the mil- | o lions of persons without jobs, needing to | It will jar on a good in homes where the same fault. many nerves today, | anxiety sits as an unwelcome guest, to read in one paragraph that the surplus philosopher, | Capilal Sidelights By Will P. Kennedy. Relief for the poor Army officers, who through no fault of their own are blocked from promotion and face the prospect of being retired at the same grade in which thev were originally comm which has passed the Senate and is expected to be passed by the House during the coming week. Representative Lister Hill of Alabama, served in the Army with the 17th and 71st United States Infantry Regiments during the World War, is pushing this bill e House There are in the Army today 3288 captains and 253 first lieutenants, 39 vears of age and over, who under normal conditions should now be occupying the grade of major, Representative Hill ex- plains; 1103 majors, 1398 captains and 17 first lieutenants, 44 years of age and over, should now be lieutenant colonels, and 445 lieutenant colonels, 232 majors, 391 captains and two first lieutenants, 50 vears of age and above, should now be colonels. As if that was not enough to spur Congress to remedial legisiation, Rep- resentative Hill, in calling attention to the tribulations of the Army officers, further points out that 813 second lieu- tenants. aged 27 and over. should now be first lieutenants; 1541 first lieu- tenants and five second lieutenants, 34 vears of age and above, should now be captains. And even then you have not con- templated the hopeless stagnation which the chief of staff. Gen. Douglas Mac- Arthur, stresses is making the Army lose its morale, becoming depressed in psychology. Because deplorable though conditions now are, the outlook for the future is even worse—unless the House sees its duty to pass the bill this week to promote efficiency of national defense. Many officers, largely” captains and lieu- tenants, have no hope whatever, under present conditions, of obtaining rea- sonably high rank before their retire- ment for age. Seventy-eight officers, by reason of age, cannot under existing law, reach the grade of major: 596 cannot advance to lieutenant colonels, and 1199 cannot attain the grade of colonel. Few of the “Great American People,” even in the National Capital, where | they are associating day after day with | revenues for last month were thirteen | million dollars, and in another para- | graph to be told in a triumphant strain that by a wholesale discharge of Gov- ernment employes the Nation saves $277.60 a day, or the vast sum of $8,328 monthly. “When trade is dull and labor finds no work, the Government can often relieve distress and restore prosperity by adopting a liberal policy. Ours is not a paternal Government and our population do not expect to be supported | by royal gifts, but at a time like the present it is of very doubtful policy for the Government to add to the pre- | vailing distress by peremptorily throw- ing large numbers of persons in its service out of work, especially on the | plea of economy, when its coffers are bristling with wealth.” of social reform than as a means of | raising great amounts of revenue. Government tax experts doubt whether income tax rates in this country could be increased enough, even with a nar- rowing of exemptions from this tax, to produce the needed four billion dollars of added revenue. To apply a tax of that size, whether directly on income or through a tax on sales, would be ex- pected to narrow purchasing power and complicate the recovery problem. The definite conviction is held by many important officials that the Fed- eral budget cannot be balanced so long as the unemployment problem continues to be acute. To relieve that problem there must be a marked revival in private industry. But how to stimulate this revival is a mystery that remains unsolved. President Roosevelt's plan has been tried without solving the problem. In- dustrialists may have a chance to show what they can do after the Supreme Court gets through with the New Deal. The prospect of an early solution is not bright. (Copyright. 1985.) | so many Army officers, realize why such stagnation has come upon the Army. Secretary Dern of the War Department how it happened: he reorganization of the Army, subsequent to the World War, many officers with war service were commis- sioned permanently in the Army. This large influx created a “hump,” with the result that the junior officers in that group are separated from those at the top by some 4500 files. Officers, prin- cipally graduates of the United States | Military Academy—ambitious for a career—who have entered the Army in the past 15 years, are now blocked by the slow movement of that “hump. There are some 400 World War officers commissioned as first lieutenants in 1920, who have received no advancement. The United States does not want a “stagnant” Army. * X X X Here's a House member who “hitches his chariot to a star"—Representative | Aubert C. Dunn of Meridian, Miss., for- merly a newspaper reporter in Cincin- nati, Ohio. He is an aviator, and he is soaring among the clouds these days, exultingiy. Several of his young pro- teges have just made the world's record | for an endurance refueling flight—El and Fred Key were the co-pilots of the plane owned by William Ward who personally conducted the refuelling operations. These boys whom he has known all his life taught Mr. Dunn to fly. He is said to be their “silent part- ner” in the plane, and he kept in touch with them daily by telegraph, telephone and radio while their record flight was being made. Early this week he intends to put in the Congressional Record the history of their achievement, with a personal appreciation of “these boys.” ‘Two brothers of William Ward are well known in the Capital—Jesse Ward, who operates one of the world's biggest shorthand reporting businesses and does much important work for Government establishments, and Truman Ward, in | charge of the majority room in the House Office Building. ———— National Drama. Prom the Topeka Daily Capital. Jobless actors, backed by Uncle Sam, will present the drama throughout the country. The mortgage-holding villain will probably be foiled by the arrival of & Fed- eral loan. ® - U. S. Surveys and Line-Fence Cases By Frederic J. Haskin. It used to be sald that no lawyer was worth his salt until he had accumulated ample experience in fighting old- fashioned line-fence cases. In this age of specialization when lawyers familiar- ize themselves chiefly with particular angles of special aspects of the law, the old-school line-fence lawyers of the Lin- coln type occupy a lonely position. But they are proud of it. They are a van- ishing race. There has come, however, A new de- ! velopment. It may have the effect of giving the final death blow to the brotherhood, or it may. conceivably, start a whole new cycle of such litigation. The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey has worked out a system where- by private property lines may be based on the fundamental surveys conducted under authority of the Federal Govern- ment itself. The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey starts at the jump- ing-on places of the coast line—indeed even before one reaches the coast line— and then maps the country, both hori- zontally and vertically from those points. It was this conception | ioned, is promised through a bill | who himself | With so authoritative a basis, it might seem that all argument would be con- strained to cease and that no private property holder could set up a conten- tion in its face. But the type of land- owner who goes to law over a line fence will fly in the face of Providence itself, and this very straightening out of the national metes and bounds may precipi- tate well nigh endless litigation. If one freeh hooks his boundaries to the Federal surveys there is a strong chance he will come into conflict with his neighbors, and if they are the lawing kind, there the trouble will start. Only by & universal acceptance in the first instance of the immutability of the Fed- | eral surveys can a new cycle of line- fence cases be averted. An example of what may happen is furnished in the discovery of Herbert | Hoover, made when, as President of the United States, he purchased a wide- spreading tract of land in the Virginia | hills on the banks of the Rapidan. Had | not Mr. Hoover been himself an engi- neer, it is doubtful whether he would have made his discovery. By making some trial surveys of his land himself just to keep his hand in on brief holi- ays, he discovered the amazing fact that whoever had run the lines on which his boundaries were based utterly | ignored the ter of topography. Up Hill and Down Dale. Now it is as simple as A B C that in a ! hilly country this does not give an accurate measure of distance because of the vertical distance involved. To make an accurate survey one must measure a c the lower end of a plumb line to his 1 on the level forward. On a steep hill, this must be done every few feet. Otherwise the distance run will be in- accurate. The surveys on which Mr. Hoover's | deeds were based were made on the undulant, not the level, method. The survevor merely laid his ground and surveyed m up hill and down dale. The result is that Mr Hoover would be in a position to insi on the full measure his deeds called for Obviously this would have the effect of giving him much longer boundaries. It would be like taking the knots out of a piece of string. The string would ex- farther. Equ obviously, this sult in Mr. Hoover's claims overlapping the claims of his neighbor- ing property owners. Inasmuch as a great deal of this type of surveying seems to have been done in Colonial America. it is easy to see that enough line-fence cases to stuff a | hundred court houses could be brought This, of course, applies chiefly to the older States and to the lands taken over from the French and Spanish There are thousands of property owners | in the older regions whose deeds go back to the original English and Spanish | grants and, in some cases, are based on the surveys made in those days. Thousands of deeds describe a given property as, for example, “beginning at a black oak tree with 12 notches, thence so many degrees and minutes north and so many degrees and minutes east to a moss-covered rock” * * * and so on for many courses. Many courses follow streams, which may have altered their beds over the vears. In the East it was customary to dig ditches to mark bound- ary lines. The tenacity of these is remarkable. There are line ditches me- andering through. Maryland and Vir- ginia woodlands 200 years old, which | still can be traced and which still are used as boundaries. In many cases, | these ditches were dug through fields and the forest has grown up over them. The chances of error, it will be seen, are large in any such set of circum- stances. Instruments were not so accur- rate in Colonial days as they are now and while there have been no changes in the laws of surveying mathematics some of the Colonial survevors may have been occasionally in error. Many Triangulation Stations. What the Coast and Geodetic Survey has done is to establish triangulation stations so that the engineer or sur- veyor can readily relate his courses back to the fundamental metes aug bounds of the Nation. The Survey has been at this work for many years, but the task of mapping the entire Nation is so large that it is only recently that the triangu- | lation stations have been multiplied to | the extent of having practical applica- | tion to private property surveying. Even | now there are many sections of the | country not yet served, but also there are whole regions where the local sur- veyor cannot get more than 10 or 12 miles away from a station. Surveying is one of the most highly | technical of arts, and no attempt will be made here to go into a description of | the systems of triangulations, tra- verses and plane co-ordinates which the Survey has set up. But the engineer and surveyor will comprehend them. ‘These basic lines of the Survey have | for years been used in laying down in- ternational boundary lines, State and county boundaries, and, to some extent, the basic surveys of the larger cities. Only in a very few cases have the Survey bases been employed to establish private property lines. It is anticipated that legislation will be required to clarify many matters as a result of the advance of the Survey's work. For instance, in the New Jersey Legislature there was introduced a bill providing that any private land survey which is based on the North American datum, as set up by the Survey, shall be deemed legal and binding. Before the bill reached final passage and approval, as it did last March, there were copious amendments. As the law now stands there is a provision protecting pur- chasers or mortgagees from loss as a result of readjustments due to adjusting old lines to the official ones. So the old line-fence lawyer may once again come to the fore, and it is not out of the question that there will be a few more of those duels and feuds over chain, dropping point, and sight the placing of a line-fence which afore- time enlivened the annals of rural America. \d ¢