Evening Star Newspaper, June 9, 1935, Page 36

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.....0ss..June 9, 1935 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. Editor yr. The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Offic 11th 8t. and Ponmvl'lnl‘n”:vr icago Office: Lake Michigan Building. Juropean Office: 14 Rcdum London. Rate by Carrier Within the City. Erentng TiEusT Editien, The Evening Star_ . The Eventne and Sunday Star The Evenifis ang Sanday Star (when 5 Sundass)......85cpermonth Night Final Edition. feht Pinal and Sunday Star.70c per month Star, BB Collection made ‘at the end of each onth. Oy be sent by mail or Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dailv only. .. $8.00: 1 mo.. 30¢c Bunday oniy. 173, $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c Dally and Sunday.1 yr.. $12.00: 1 m . $R.00: 1 me 750 mo.. B0c Member of the Associated Press. ‘The Associated Press is exclusively en- dispatches credited to it or not ulh(‘l"- o New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t England. ‘45¢ per month (when Su 60c per month a The Sunday Star ... ... 8¢ per copy Night 5¢ per month b ers lephone National 5000. Daily and Sunday. All Other States and Canada. $500: 1 titled to the use for republication of all ne credited in this paper and also ocal ness published herein. All rights nublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved The Changes of Twelve Years. Many changes have taken place in Washington in the twelve years that have elapsed since the Shriners last held their convention here. The Cap- ital presents & very different aspect now than it did in 1923, particularly along the line of march that will be followed by the various pageant pa- rades that are a conspicuous feature of these gatherings. Almost the entire sonthern side of Pennsylvania avenue between the Capitol and the Treasury has been transformed. With three exceptions the structures standing in that stretch twelve years ago have been demolished and in their places have risen public buildings of monu- mental character. The great Mall- Avenue Triangle is now fully occupied by the Government and with the three exceptions noted new structures have replaced the former ones. On the northern side of Pennsyl- vania avenue many of the older build- ings have been destroyved, partly to permit the development of a combina- tion of plaza and arterial approach west of the Capitol and partly for the contemplated Municipal Center which has been abandoned—perhaps only for the present—for lack of funds. ‘Those who came to Washington twelve vears ago, and not meanwhile, will hardly recognize the downtown section in consequence of these changes. They will see, however, the evolution of a great plan of Capital making. In other parts of the city changes will be evident to those who have permitted & dozen years to elapse between visits. In the area west of Eighteenth street and north of Con- stitution avenue—that avenue itself being & new feature—several struc- tures have been added to the scene, though the project of development in that section remains unfinished. The ‘War and Navy Departments are still housed in the so-called temporary buildings erected in war time on the northern flank of Potomac Park. Plans for new homes for these branches of the Government are still in abeyance pending final decision as to their location. On Capitol Hill there have been notable changes. An addition to the House Office Building has been erected and the Senate Office Building has been completed. An annex to the Library of Congress is under con- struction. The Folger Shakespeare Library has been erected and, most conapicuous and important of all of the recent additions to the Capital, | the new Supreme Court commands attention. The plaza between the Capitol and the Union Station has been expanded and developed into a place of beauty. ‘The George Washington Memorial Highway connecting the Capital with Mount Vernon is one of the mos notable improvements accomplished during this period, a driveway unsur- passed for historic interest and scenic attractions. The Arlington Memorial Bridge marks its beginning at the base of the Lincoln Memorial. There are other changes to come, planned and co-ordinated to make ‘Washington the most significant and attractive. Capital City in the world. It is the hope of all that by the time the Shriners come here again for their annual convention—and may that time be short—these changes will have been effected and the seat of Government, long laggard in its de. velopment through lack of consistent planning and persistent appropria- tions, will at last have reached the state of dignity and completeness | which its founders envisioned. - One Thing at a Time. The President’s special message on | transportation must have been in the making for some time. It has long been expected. But its final delivery last week was to a Congress grown weary and restive under the strain of its past labors and in contempla- tion of those still to come. Representative Huddleston's com- ment on the delay which has beset the bus and truck bill, which has been before his subcommittee for weeks, was not unlike a sigh: “If ‘we could only get an hour or two to give it final consideration!” And possibly in deference to this state of mind the President's message was manifestly a modification of what he may have intended to tell a Con- gress, some months past, that was then rarin’ and eager to go. He does not now ask for the legis- | fation that would immediately create, from the nucleus that is now the Interstate Commerce Commission, & | “Pederal Commerce Commission” with | wide powers over all forms of trans- portation. it has begun in the way of more pressing legislation—the one-year ex- tension of the emergency railroad transportation act of 1933: the one- year extension of. the office of co- » 1 yr.. $10.00; 1 mo.. K5e . $1.00 He is willing for that to| wait until Congress completes what | ordinator of railroads, which Mr. Eastman holds; enactment of the bus and truck regulatory measure, the air commerce bill and a bill placing supervision over coastwise and inland | commerce with the Interstate Com- merce Commission. ‘The bus and truck regulation meas- ure has made more progress so far than any other measure, for it has passed the Senate. It now reposes in Mr. Huddleston's subcommittee about ready for report to the House. ‘The other measures are still pending in committees. In the absence of the President’s magic “must,” they will | take their turn on the calendar. | So while it may be true, as the | President declares, that “it is high | time to deal with the Nation's trans- | portation as a single, unified prob- lem,” some of the elements of the problem must recelve individual con- sideration before the problem can be tackled as a whole. And even this consideration has been delayed in the struggle with other matters. r——————————__ Signal for a New Battle. The deplorable failure by Congress | to appropriate urgently needed funds for a bare beginning on a decent pro- | gram of public health protection in | Washington must not be permitted | to kill that program. | Dr. Ruhland, the public health | officer, and the Medical Society of the District indicate the proper course by accepting the appropri- ation’s failure as a challenge. making it the occasion for a persistent, de- termined and renewed fight to obtain from the responsible leaders in Con- gress recognition of the city's needs. Some of the members of Congress " speak of the “civic apathy” they find here: of the tendency on the part of the local community to “let George do {t"—Congress personifying the faithful George. | Well, what is the record in the mat- | ter of public health appropriations? | Responsive to a real civic demand, awakened by the realization of the disgraceful lack of attention paid to the abnormally high death rate from | tuberculosis and the prevalence of other undesirable and antiquated con- ' | ditions in Washington relating to public health, the Commissioners last Winter set out to find a health officer who could formulate and carry out the improvements considered neces- sary. | The Commissioners threw political | considerations out of the window and left the choice of a health officer to representative leaders of the medical profession. These, in turn, demanded that any health officer should meet | high standards, professionally and in | experience. | Dr. Ruhland came to Washington | at a personal sacrifice in salary and took over the job. He was promised the full co-operation of the medical men. He received the support of the lay community and of the private | health and welfare organizations, | Unfortunately, Dr. Ruhland arrived in Washington and set about the | business of formulating a beginning program long after the District bill had gone to Congress. The new health program was not discussed until the bill reached the Senate Committee. | There the matter received considerate | | and sympathetic attention, with Sen- ator Copeland, a physician as well as a Senator, leading much of the dis- cussion. Page after page of the Sen- | ate record is devoted to the petitions and pleas of organizations and the testimony of interested private phy- sicians as to the need for more funds— | funds for child welfare, for preventive and follow-up work in the homes of the indigent, for more trained medi- cal and nursing personnel. The pro- gram received the full approval of the Senate. The increased funds were allowed without dissent. And then, in a short discussion in | conference between the two Houses, the new health program was arbi- trarily thrown out. Not 2 word of | explanation. | | Are the people of Washington guilty | of “apathy” or is it Congress which | s guilty of grave, possibly fatally pathetic, indifference toward the real |and urgent needs of this politically | helpless community? | Are the people of Washington to blame when the government of their affairs and the appropriation of their | taxes are placed exclusively with a | Congress willing to delegate unusual authority to a few of its members . who may, in turn, be at the mercy of | the prejudices and the personal and whimsical vagaries of one or two in- | dividuals? No wonder Dr. Ruhland, coming here from a self-governing. progres- sive community, is at first amazed | nd then angered by the arbitrary efusal of funds even to maintain the Health Department, let alone sup- porting the enlarged needs of a pro- | gressive health program! The people of Washington must be | | quick to lend him what support they can give. The medical society is to | be commended for its own decision | to take up the battle. —— e French citizens, as cabinet changes | go on, are evidently looking for a| brain trust that will stay on the job. e re— Japan to Invade China. There remains hardly any more | doubt that the Japanese have decided | | to invade North China and extend their military dominion beyond the Great Wall into the Province of Hopei, which includes the ancient capital of Peiping and the important port city of Tientsin. Troop movements from ad- jacent Jehol and Manchukuo, as well as directly from Japan, indicate that Tokio is determined to widen Nip- ponese influence in “China proper” and completely subjugate the Nanking | government's authority in the newest | region marked out for Japanese ex- pansion on the mainland of Asia. Perhaps the most disquieting fea- ture of these developments is the ai quiescence of the Tokio civilian au- thorities in the militarists’ plans. Lately the Okada government and Foreign Minister Hirota in particular | hAvemmuhu:mum- | after the World War at the behest of | China would manifestly establish Jap- | 1t frets us i we have too much, | town, “which, though unlovely in form, THE SUNDAY STAR. WASHINGTON. 1935—PART TWO ciliation toward China. But they have now yielded to the imperious require- ments of the war lords for & bldod and iron policy, and China is manifestly to be brought to book by force, It is denied that Nanking is confronted with an ultimatum of formal charac- ter, but no secret is made of the army’s intention to clear for action if Gen. Chiang Kai-Shek's government re- mains obdurate. The Japanese military authorities presented at the end of May a series of demands that savor unpleasantly of the famous “twenty-one demands” served on the Chinese by Japan in 1915 and which were only withdrawn the Western powers. Among the de- mands to which the Chinese now are asked to yield are removal of “anti- Japanese” officials, abolition of Chi- nese military agencies in Peiping, dis- missal of the governor of Hopei Prov- ince and submission of political ap- pointees in the area for the approval of the Japanese military authorities. An Associated Press dispatch says that Japan also demands Chinese recogni- tion of Manchukuo. Acquiescence in such a program by anese supremacy in the Peiping-Tien- |tused and confusing. Very frequently | we are discovered by others, and a tsin region, though Tokio disavows any | such purpose. The conclusion is in- | escapable that the Japanese military | zealots once again have chosen what they regard as a psychological moment | for their latest adventure in China— | the absorption of the Western powers in domestic affairs. With changes of government in Great Britain and France, with Italy thinking in terms of Africa rather than Asia, and with the United States preoccupied in re- covery problems, the Japanese con- sider that the hour is ripe for their Chinese purposes because of the re- mote possibility of outside interference. No less plain is it that China, unaided, can hardly be expected to stem the tide of a Japanese invasion beyond the Great Wall. Hopei, under the circum- stances, seems doomed to go the way of Manchuria and Jehol. . The United States Battle Fleet will be greeted at San Diego with as much splendid enthusiasm as if it were re- turning victorious from a real war. The world will be wiser and more comfortable when it learns to settle | its crises by conflict on purely theo- retical terms. et ‘The electric chair was introduced as a triumph of modern civilization. ‘The use of lightning to strike down a criminal has not changed the na- ture of the chief performers nor added 1o the refinement of spectators. —— emee — “We were trampling on the land- marks of our democracy,” says Mr. Bainbridge Colby. Devaluation of stock exchange securities would indi- cate disrespect for our watermarks of finance. B N. R. A as & fact-finding agency will deal with prosaic details without being expected to rival the Depart- ment of Justice in solving mystery stories, B — The attack on the Blue Eagle has been severe. In the language of the ' old Tin Pan Alley lyricist, “He may get over it, but he'll never look the same.” e History has been repeating itself long enough to impress the maxim “avoid mobs.” Even if they do noth- ing worse, they may spread bad colds. p— Old customs are being dispensed with. Resignations are not prefaced by prolonged rumor. They just happen. B ING STARS. SHOOT BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. High Average. When some one says “You're doing pretty good,” You may not be as grateful as you should For a compliment sincere that hardly seems To recognize the splendor of your dreams. Though your attalnments higher may not roam Than humble heroisms of the home, You will be honored where you're understood If you keep on “doing pretty good.” Familiarity, “We must permit ourselves no il- lusions,” said the severe economist. “Nonsense,” rejoined Senator Sor- ghum. “Who wants X-ray pictures of a favorite acquaintance?” Finance. We strive to gain the things we like | And to avoid what brings us care. A happy average we'd strike, But do not know just how or where. ‘The money that we love to touch Has turned to a sardonic joke. Yet no one’s happy when he’s broke. | Elusive Candor. “Remember,” said the pompous at- torney, “that you are expected to tell | nothing but the truth.” 1 “Ill try to do so.” answered the | timorous witness. “But I won't know | how far I have succeeded until you | have gotten through with the cross- examination.” “The power of gold is shown by our dragon,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chin: becomes beautiful when artistically gilded.” Glorious Beginning. Old Roman glories let's revive, With chariots that rattle, As art & background will contrive By means of arduous battle. Should little Abyssinia show A temper somewhat breezy, ‘To make old glories newly grow, Let's start with something easy. “Dar is s0o many differences of opin- ion,” said Uncle Eben, “dat purty seon | cbstacle, * ployed. | that must be everybody will be makin' speeches wif nobudy spplaudin’.’, ACCOMPLISHMENT BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D, D.CL., t Bishop of Wi All great men and women have been dominated by some supreme ideal or some lofty conception of the purpose of life; even the ocult enters into this conception, as in the case of Napoleon, who unfailingly believed in the star of his destiny. To many of us life is a purposeless thing, it begins seemingly nowhere and it ends nowhere. Again, the plan or scheme of things seems to chaotic to our vision that its time-tables, its regulations and its routes, are con- talent or genius that we least sus- pected 1s called into being. To dis- cover a genlus is greater than to dis- cover a River of Doubt. At this time of the year tens of | thousands of youths are emerging | from their school rooms, graduating into the larger field of human service and endeavor. We often wonder, as we greet them, if they know where | they are going or what they are going | to do. Many of them seem to have absorbed the modern maxim: “We don’t know where we are going, but | let us get there as quickly as pos- | sible” To a more mature and re- | flective mind, life does seem to have some plan, and even its failures and disappointments constitute no small part in the outworking of a purpose that oftentimes is beyond our com- prehension. . Jesus lived but three and thirty years; His whole life, judged by human standards, was one of dis- appointment, failure and ultimate de- feat. Condemned and pilloried by His own kinsmen, without honor in His own country, He was regarded by His contemporaries as a disturber of the peace. a destroyer of ancient customs, and an innovator whom they would rot tolerate. To the churchmen of is day He was an intruder, whose nsolence and interterence they could rot abide. Notwithstanding every He set His face to go up to Jerusalem and to lay the plans of His kingdom, whose scope was uni- | versal and whose influence was not to be bounded by time or place. At the close of His career, while He stood under the shadow of a cross, He de- | clared: “I have glorified Thee on the earth. It was His final testimony ' concerning the efficiency of His life's mission. Only three years of comparatively obscure public life and yet, by His own testimony, confirmed by the judgment of subsequent history, He had wrought out a system whose in- fluence was to touch every land and to aflect all forms of human life the world over. 1f Caesar Augustus could ound Rome brick and left it marble,” then Jesus could say, “I found human life without conscious- ness of the divine and without the sense of destiny, and I have given 1t | the realization of its God-likeness, and | I have filled it with the pulsings of | eternity.” | ‘When Cecil Rhodes was dying, his latest words were, “So much to do, so little done.” 1t was the expression of one who in the ripeness and fullness of years was conscious of unfulfill- | ment. Not so Jesus. His was the| realization of one who, even on the | cross, could say concerning His life's | task, “It is finished.” Obviously, He realized that He was working solely and supremely in conformity with the | divine will. “My meat is to do the ! will of Him that sent me,” was the | inspiration of His life. Does not much of our life’s service | miscarry because it is seemingly un- related to God's infinite plan? The Westminster confession, in its open- ing sentence, is in consonance with the word of Christ: “Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and enjoy Him for- | ever.” Mr. Elihu Root once said: “Life is not in length of days; to have done something that will last, to weave a thread into the fabric that | shall endure for ages, that is life.” We believe this to be true, and be- | cause it is true it is a sad commentary upon so-called misspent and wasted lives. ‘To many of us, who are seeking at this time to aisclose to our vision life’s larger plan, there is found in the pres- ent world chaos the evidence of some- thing that in its outworking is not fortuitous nor governed by chance. | To be able to see, even in part, the scheme or plan of things, and then to fit ourselves to further it, means to ally ourselves with Him in whose hand are the issues of life, It's a great thing to be able to say; “I have glori- i fied Thee on earth.” | New Deal Now Faces the Possibility of Recovery Through Orthodox Measures BY OWEN L. SCOTT. { President Roosevelt is taking his own advice and making his own de- cisions on the future New Deal course. Old advisers, events show, did not do so well. Theirs was a perfect score in misjudging the Constitution as in- | terpreted by the Supreme Court. The President’s first determination. ' apparently, is to afford opponents of the administration an opportunity to prove their point. They have argued for months that industry waited only for .a removal of Government re- | straints to surge forward in a recovery that would absorb millions of unem- “Natural forces of recovery” were pictured as pent up, trying to assert themselves. President Roosevelt obviously was in no position to admit that N. R. A. had failed. So he was unable to dem- | onstrate effectively whether or ot his opponents were right. But now the Supreme Court has afforded him an opportunity. He has decided to take it, if Congress permits, by re- leasing industry from the threat of | Government interference or planning for a few months. If Mr. Roosevelt wishes to do so. he now is in & position to guide the New Deal on an entirely different tack. He has been taking the first steps toward economic planning. Mr. Hoover describes these steps as lead- ing to “the European form of govern- ment.” * * % But economists say these are steps taken by any nation that decides to turn in on itself and go nationalistic. When that hap- pens. the government is forced to do things that formerly were accom- plished by competition in world mar- kets. It adjusts its money. its indus- try, its agriculture, its banking. The central government becomes all- powerful. The New Deal started along that path, but actually its controls have not worked so well. The time had come, before the Supreme Court killed the Blue Eagle, when the Fed- eral Government either had to strengthen these controls or gradually abandon them. Plans were laid for strengthening. Now, however, President Roosevelt readily could turn back to the ortho- dox methods of recovery that pre- vailed in past depressions. He could, if he wished, apply the Hoover method. As a matter of fact, if code controls now are dropped, as Mr. Roosevelt says they are to be over the next nine months, then the country will have a glimpse of the way that laissez-faire would work to achieve recovery, ac- | cording to a pre-New Deal pattern, * oK X % The President has at hand some weapons to stimulate the functioning of orthodox economy, and he could | try to obtain others from Congress. | Anti-trust laws already are on the statute books and are back in force. Presumably they will function again, | and if Mr. Roosevelt wanted to hurry | up the working of competition he | could instruct Attorney General Cum- mings to get busy with prosecutions | where industries now try to continue the sort of co-operation that applied |under N. R. A. Senator Wheeler has | a plan before Congress to tax corpora- | tions according to their size. That | plan would fit into & new pattern. Then the President has power to speed up reciprocal trade agreements, | which involve lowered tariffs. The dollar now is fairly well stabilized and | this country could take the lead in | seeking to bring stability to currencies | of the world. This would mean a new | World Economic Conference. England. | however, is insistent that war debts be adjusted before talk starts on money, so Congress would need l.ol make up its mind to.cancel a good | part of those obligations. A recent Supreme Court decision ap- proved one drastic form of bankruptcy | reorganization for railroads and | showed its willingness to accept this broadened means of adjusting debts. This would give Congress an opening to permit quicker deflation, which is necessary under the laissez-faire re- covery program. * x kX The question is whether the people of the country want to return to the | orthodox method of achieving world | economic balance through deflation and competition, or whether they pre- fer to apply some of the European | control methods worked out in other countries that are strongly national- | w?“r’esldenc ‘Roosevelt believes they will have a0 wpo:t-unlb to make up their | now 1s written. minds in the months ahead. He wants them to contrast conditions under N. R. A. codes with conditions as thev are to be between now and next April Isn't that taking quite & chance? What if things improve greatly? Won't voters then blame the New Deal for failing to take the advice of their opponents who had urged junk- ing N. R. A. many months ago? | The President is ready to gamble on that chance. He plainly reflected a belief that there will be a return of wage-cutting and hour-raising that will bring a reaction in favor of the New Deal, and probably in favor of amending the Constitution to make the New Deal safe. Mr. Roosevelt's decision on that score is not that of the advisers who have been guiding him on matters of policy. Donald Richberg wanted to re- build an N. R. A. that might conform to the Supreme Court ruling. But Mr. Richberg went along with Gen. Johnson when the ground work was being laid for the present mess He shaped the policy of dodging court N. R. A. decisions just as long as they could be dodged. His advice as gen- | eral counsel of N. R. A. led to the formula for code making which the Supreme Court regarded as a “riot- ous” delegation of congressional pow- er. So now his recommendations carried less weight, * ok x % Raymond Moley. like Mr. Richberg, wanted to rebuild N. R. A. into some- thing new. But Mr. Moley called turn that set this country on its way along the nationalistic, planned economy path. As a result, he did not sell his particular plan. Then Gen. Hugh S. Johnson was back with his program. Gen. John- son invented the “crack down” meth- | ods of Blue Eagle enforcement. He was strong on emotional appeals and on grandiose plans for herding every- thing from. fly swatting to steel mak- ing into code systems. The structure he built now has come down around the New Deal's ears, so he isn't as popular as once he was. | Today, as in the past. the United | States is confronted with a choice which must be made. Henry Wallace, Secretary of Agri- culture, presistently refers to the choice involved. In his opinion there are three ways to get recovery. ! One way is to go back to the ortho- dox methods of laissez-faire. But as pointed out above, this will involve drastic tariff adjustments, probable cancellation of war debts, the open- ing of American markets to the goods of other nations on a vast scale so that they can pay their old commer- ial debts and buy American farm products and a return to large-scale lending of American capital to for- eigners. * X X % ‘The second way is to try controlled | economics on a vast scale. This means complete centralization of economic power in the hands of the Federal Government, loss of many liberties by the people as under other virtual dic- tatorships, forcible adjustment of agriculture and industry so that the machine can be brought back into balance. A third way is that of the New Deal. Under this method, as Mr. Wallace sees it, there was an attempt to work out a compromise between the two extreme methods. The Gov- ernment undertook new responsibili- ties and sought to work out adjust- | ments formerly left to an unregulated | business and industry, but it tried to do this within the framework of democracy. & Now the Supreme Court has stepped in to say that this third method may be all right as a matter of economics, but it is not possible under the Fed- | eral Constitution as that document | If there is to be a | change away from the old laissez- | faire method, the people will have to | make it deliberately and not under | the guise of an emergency. Mr. Roosevelt could try to lead the country back to the recovery path of | the past. But, obviously, he doubts that people want to go in that direc- ! tion. Voters have shown their dis- like for any attempt by the United States to assume the role of inter- national crusader to lead the world to recovery by making more sacrifices. Or, the President could sit back and | see what happens when industry is turned loose again. That, apparently is to be the course for the next few months. | New Deal opponents have a chance to prove their point about Govern- | ment interference retarding recovery. A strong recovery movement now could lead to upsets for many another experiment. (Dopyright. 1638.) ' | tion program.” Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. “Who is the man wearing the car- nation?”—that is a question very fre- quently asked by visitors in the House gallery. They point to Representative ‘William I. Sirovich of New York—who, by the way, is a fellow of the Ameri- can College of Surgeons. It used to be the late Representative Frederick N. Zihlman of Maryland, who was conspicuous for his ubiquitous carna- tion in the lapel of his coat. Why does Dr. Sirovich wear the daily flower? It's a custom of more than a quarter of a century—since his struggling days as a young practi- tioner, when his human sympathies were aroused and oftenttmes his heart was torn by the sufferings and hope- less lives of the poor he tended as | well as by his own rather desperate fortunes. But always he was cheered and the day seemed brighter after he visited one of the poorest homes where the hard-working mother was habit- | ually gay and hopeful. One day when he was especially distressed he asked her how she did it—how she pre- served her bright outlook on such a drab life. She told him she had al- ways loved Nature and its smiles, the sunshine d the flowers bursting into bloom and kept her mind fixed on Nature's bright spots. On his next visit she put a somewhat bedraggled carnation in his | buttonhole and advised him to wear one every day and look at it when he felt blue or downhearted and it would cheer him up. The charm worked and Dr. Sirovich found unex- pected brightness in life. his daily bloom as a talisman, and in tribute to that woman herself grop- ing in the dark places, who showed him the way to light and cheerfulness. * xw Now it's “Col.” David Lynn who is architect of the Capitol, superintend- ent of the United States Botanic Gar- den, in charge of the erection and out- fitting of the Building and & number of other im- portant works. “Dave” Lynn is one of the most courteous and obliging of the veteran employes of the Capitol. who grew up in the service and are imbued with the tradition of that American citadel—there are only a few of them left. but “service” in the great self-governing machinery of the American people has been their life's devotion—such men as William Tyler Page, William “Andy” Smith, Col. Ed- win A. Halsey, “Jim" Preston, Peter Wilson, Joseph J. Sinnott, “Joe" Rog- ers, Bert Kennedy, Marcellus C. Shield. Most of these men have at one time or another been conspicuousiy honored by some State or institution for their outstanding fidelity to duty and achievements in the ling of service. Now Gov. Ruby Lafoon honors the great State of Kentucky by commis- sioning “Dave” Lynn as a “Kentucky colonel” The official presentation was made by “Admiral” Arthur E. (Guss) Cook. supervising engineer for the Capitol. who recently received his own zommission. e American Aviation Is Now Setting World Pace BY HARDEN COLFAX. Every little while some business leader, and ocrasionaily a member of Congress, advocates the establishment of a new cabinet posit:utn—a Secre- tary for Aeronautics. In & recent bill it was set forth that we need an aero- nautics policy to include considera- fion, not only of naval and military eircraft and movements. but of civil aviation a: well In commenting the other dav on the civil aviation activiries of the Gov- ernment, Secretary of Ccmmerce Ro- per pointeG out that his department has a definite program. This includes the cultivation of airmindedness, the development of cheap planes and the building of adequate airports. Secretary Roper pointed out that air commerce in the United States “has advanced phenomenally, even Government now operates a greater length of Federal airwavs than the combined mileage of all the other | major countries of the world. “De- spite this progress,” he said, “we have only scratched the surface.’ The United States ha, possibilities in air trarsportation probably greater than those of any other world power. In fact, a potential air power of 12.000 planes and 18.000 pilots—a mixture cf specialized fighting ships snd men, and less-adapted civilian ships and pilots—was disclosed re- cently in an unofficial survey. which ‘Government authorities said was ac- curate, o ok A part of the civilian force, pri- | marily the large and swift commercial © transports, and & somewhat larger jercentage of the civilian pilots, could be incorporated. authoritative sources said, with the 4.400 fiyers and nearly 2000 planes making up the trained fighting forces. Then there is a po- tential reserve strength of about 15.- 000 civilian student aviators and a fleet of ships available for primary training service. The Air Commerce Bureau reports 6.855 licensed and 1.950 unlicensed airplanes, a total of 8.805. . This survey maintaius that, al- though the United States has the speediest and most °ffic.ent airplanes n the world, and striking technical developments under way our country “lacks & comprehensive national avia- It points out that, while other governments are building up huge private manufacturing and operating industries, “knowing these industries to be the heart and soul of air power,” the Government of the United States has no national avia- tion program. “There i1s much activ- ity. but 1t lacks co-ordination.” The Bureau of Air Commerce, which operates under the provisions of the air commerce act of 1926, “es- 1ablishes, cperates and 1naintains air- ways, pursues research on aids to air navigation. licenses aircraft and air- men. regulates scheduled airlines, ap- proves, as to air worthiness craft, equipment and accessories; inspects 1epairs to licensed crafl. approves sta- tions and flying schools. investigates accidents, and in generai enforces air commerce and traffic rules.” During 1934 civil airplanes in the United States carried 1,860.000 passengers, as compared with 0,000 in the pre- ceding year. * % The survey admits that American aviation is reputed io be setting the pace for civil aeronautics to the world in general. Howcver, it says, cwing to “the impact of & new politi- cal philosophy on the eccnomic struc- ture of the Nation,” American avia- tion is “groping blindly in the con- fusion of aims and methods.” It is suggested that the recent report of the Federal Aviation Commission be adopted, since it “offers Congress an admirable foundation on which to build a great national aviation pro- gram.” While the United States ranks high in commercial aviation in military aircraft performance and in naval aviation, it is rather tehind in the number of airplanes for military pur- poses. Acvocates of a more closely erticulated policy on a\iation for all our natioral interests, hoth civil and military, however, of our commercial aviators in work- ing out a policy adaptable to possible tuture needs for defense. 4 (Copvrisnt, 19089 ancing on the dim walls, | So he wears | New Supreme Court | Death a Respecter of Occupations BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Death has been declared to be no respecter of persons, laying his hand alike on kings end beggars, but studies of the United States Public Health Service show thal death is a respecter of occupations. It is shown that the death rate among the profes- sional classes is only 7 out of every 1,000, while the death rate among unskilled workers is 13 per 1,000. In- deed, the death rate for the unskilled is 50 per cent higher than for all other workers combined There are some higriy hazardous occupations which are classed as skilled, such as the occupation of death rat= is shown, but taking broad classificazions it is the unskilled more frequently visited by death. Com- pared with every 100 deaths among the unskilled, there are but 53 among the professional classes—doctors, law- yers, dentists and the like. For every |1 100 deaths among the unskilled there ere but v6 among business executives and managers and the same number among clerks and office workers. It would seem, almost, tnat death re- spects the white collar. Among the skilled industrial workers, mechanics and so on, there are 65 deaths for every 100 emong the urckilled. Tuberculosis is the guise in which death comes most frequently among the unskilled. Of all the deaths in that class, 13 out of every 100 were | caused by tuberculosis of the lungs This compares with a figure of only 1 5 out of ecch 100 among professional and business men. The tuberculosis death rate is more than twice as high in the ranks of the un:killed as in 2ll other occupational classes com- bined. For business men, on the other hand, the tuberculosis rate was only half as high as for all others com- bined. ‘Tuberculosis, pneumonia and acci- dents are regarded as the greatest oc- cupational hazards with close rela- tion to the job. It is interesting to note that accident incidence is high- est among the skilled industrial work- ers, 4 out of every 100 deaths in the group being accidental. Liver diseases, diabetes, suicide and heart disease show a higher incidence among business men than in any oth- er occupational class. Comparison With England. The study was made with especial relation to work. That is, only those deaths occurring among men gain- fully employed have been taken into consideration. The figures show that for each 100,000 men gainfully em- ployed the deaths of 175 were caused by heart disease. Next comes tuber- culosts of the lungs. with a figure of 88 out of every 100.000 at work. Can- cer shows 82: pneumonia. 69; kid- ney disease, 48, brain hemorrhage, 42: suicide, 35, accidents, 30; dia- betes, 12; liver disease, 11, and all other causes, 308 The study includes another group- ing which shows the manner in which death respects occupations. For every 10.000 professional men gainfully em- ployed, 70 deaths from all causes are reported. For owners, managers and officials there are 74 deaths out of every 10.000. For skilled workers the count is 81 deaths out of every 10.000. Here comes the big jump, for there are 131 deaths out of every 10.000 unskilled workers employed. A comparison was made with ex- perience in England as being prob- ably the most comparable industrial country. The experience shows some notabie differences. It is shown that the death rate among manual work- ers is higher in the United States than in England, while the profes- sional and business group shows a higher rate in England. For the skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled, the death rate is much higher in the | structural steel workers, where & high | | United States, Indeed, among the | unskilled, the rate is 29 per eent | higher here, What the explanation of | this is will require more study to de- | termine. It may be that the pace of work is faster here. Taking an equal number of workers for each of the two countries, it is | shown that, for every 100 deaths among professional and business men in England, there are but 92 in the United States. For every 100 deaths among skilled workers in England, there are 103 in this country. For every 100 deaths among the semi- skilled in England, 113 die in the United States; and for every 100 | deaths among the English unskilled, 129 American unskilled workers suc- | cumb. These figures seem to bear out the contention which has long been mads that the economic position of the individual, by and large, governs his health, or, at least, strongly influences it. Save for the outright hazardous occupations, it seems that income has @ great deal to do with survival, Alarming Accident Figures. All the records go to show that th individual in the low-incoms class has the greatest amount of illness. Poor and perhaps insanitary housing, food of poor quality and sometimes insuffi- cient quantity break down the resist- ance to disease. There are exceptions in every group. There is many an unskilled laborer in a low-income class who is a very Hercules of strength and resistance and plenty of the pampered rich who are sickly but, nevertheless, the general rule of disease follows the line of income. For one thing, in case of an epi- demic disease. the poor man is unable to escape. He cannot go to the mountains or seashore or any distant place to escape the infection. He must remain and face it out. It is of the utmost interest to note that in 1934 for the first time in many decades, the death rate in large American cities in- creased, even though there were no serious epidemics in that year. It was a year when there was a great amount, of unemployment and in which, in spite of Federal and local relief, there was bitter economic hardship. Nor- mally, the American city is & more | healthful place than the rural regions, but the congestion of poor families in the cities has a tendency to combat the normally better conditions. ‘The situation has become such that there is a strong movement in favor of substantial Federal grants to sub- sidize local public health services In addition to the toll of diseases nf various kinds, the accident record con- tinues alarming. It is true that there has been a great amount of accident- prevention education in recent years and the great industrial corporations have made efforts in the way of pre- vention, yet accidents continue 1o oc- In 1933, for example, there were 91.000 accidental fatalities. The auto- mobile continues to be the greatest menace, but 14.500 workers were killed in industrial accidents, while such acci- dents permanentiy crippled 55,000 and temporarily disabled 1.269.000. Final compilations of the National Safety Council are not yet in for 1934, but the preliminary reports indicate the number of fatalities was 99.000—an 8.- 000 increase over 1933. Of these, 15.- 500 industrial workers were killed at their jol an increase of 1,000 over 1933. The year 1923 was the low year of the depression and because of the slack activity in many industries fewer men were at work and, therefore, sus- ceptible to accidents at their jobs. With 1934 there was some industrial reviva but at a cost of thousands of lives. The money cost is difficult to assess, | but one official estimate has placed the | cost for 1933 at $2.135,000.000. cur, Italy Claims Ethiopia Is an Anachronism | during the depression,” and that this | | BY ANTHONY LANE. ROME, June 8—Italy is going ahead with her plans for “pacifica- tion” of East Africa. It is too early | to say what measures those plans may include, but it will not be at all sur- prising if, within a few months, the long-exepcted war with Abyssinia is a reality. The feeling here is that British ob- jections have been fully met by the | recent League vote requiring Italy to observe her treaty obligations. The | setting up of arbitral boards and ther laborious procedure will require many months. Meanwhile, in Italy’s view, the situation in East Africa re- quires action. | Technically. it may be conceded. | the main arguments are on Abys- | sinia’s side. It is hardly disputed, even here, that the oasis of Wal-Wal, where the trouble started, is well within Ethiopian territory. Techni- ‘cally the Italians had no business there. Practically, however, the situ- ation is very different. The borderland between Italian | Somaliland and Ethiopia is a desert region inhabited by nomadic tribes who own no allegiance to anybody. Although legally subject to the Ethiopian government, they are in a constant state of rebellion, and prob- ably would like nothing better than to | provoke a conflict between Italy and Ethiopia, persuaded, no doubt. that | they would be better off under Ital- ian rule. * ok K K ‘ A fairly close parallel with the situ- ‘ ation in East Africa today is the con- dition existing on the Mexican border in 1916. Border Mexicans were in & | state of anarchy, refusing allegiance | to the central government in Mexico City. Pancho Villa, by raids into | American territory, hoped to pro- voke war between Mexico and the | United States. | When the Pershing expedition was sent to pursue Villa in Mexican ter- ritory, Villa's hopes were very nearly realized. If the central Mexican gov- ernment had then appealed to an international tribunal such as the League of Nations (if such & tribunal | had existed) to compel the United | States to withdraw, it is fairly cer- | tain that the United States would | have refused to admit such a maneu- | ver. And if, in consequence, the cen- | tral Mexican government had re- sisted the advance of the Pershing column, it is fairly certain that war between the United States and Mex- ico would have resulted. That is about what is happening in | East Africa. The Abyssinian govern- “mem. while admirably equipped for a | defensive war, is practically unable to | guarantee peace within its borders, and especially along the Somaliland | frontier. The Italians have another and broader viewpoint. They say that the Ethiopian government, however well grounded in antiquity, is an anach- | ronism. It is & marvelously rich and | salubrious country which can never |amount to anything, from a modern | viewpoint, until it is colonized by a | western power. Such colonization is | accomplish it some other nation will. To Italy, the time seems ripe to strike. < (Copyright, 1935.) Fifty Ye ars Ago In The Star "Hardly an ocean steamer reaches New York from Euorpe.” says The Star of June 3. 1885, “that does not report a thrilling experience with iee- bergs. which appear Tcebergs and t, be unusually Steamships. plentiful and large this year. Most of | the vessels record a very narrow miss and occasionally a slight collision is acknowledged, when the shock has been so great as to arouse and alarm passengers. Considering the dangers from this cause, it is strange that masters of the fast steamers crossing the Atlantic do not go far enough south to avold the immense masses of ice which are known to be released from the Arctic regions at this sea- son. This, however, they do not seem | willing to do, and some of them, it is said, run at full speed or very neariy at the highest rate while crossing fields that are hardly ever free from this peril, preferring to make the quick passage for record, no matter how great the risk to life and prop- erty may be. Bye and bye a vessel will be lost from this cause, with all on board. and then there will be a great outcry against such ecriminal recklessness: but, as usual, it will be too late. The way to stop the danger- ous practice is to indict in advance the officers of a vessel against whom a clear case of fast running through the ice flelds can be established. One would think a vigilant and faithful district attorney might be able, if so disposed, to find a law that will meet the case. Laws intended to prevent | murder ought to be enforced as well as those providing for punishment after a crime has been committed.” ‘The Interstate Commerce Com- mission had not been established fifty years ago and railroad rates were set by the companies them- AR selves, with the Competition and pubiic often suf- | Railroad Fares. fering in con- | sequence until | competition brought about reductions. The Star of June 5, 1885, says: “The announced reduction in fares | on the limited express from Washing- | ton to Chicago by the Pennsylvania line is an important one in amount, but it is not worth near as much to the people of this city as would be a | corresponding reduction in fares be- tween Washington and New York, | where the travel is very much heavier. The latter we shall, however, doubt- less have in due time. Competition by the Baltimore & Ohio road between the East and the West explains the | cut in the Chicago rates, just as com- | peting lines between Boston and New | York have reduced the fare between | those two cities to $5 for a passage !and 81 for a reserved chair and a | parlor car. When the Baltimore & | Ohio line shall be open from this city }m New York those will probably be | the rates on both roads between the two cities, and it is not impossible that sharp rivalry may even put them below the figures named. But in no event should they be higher, as the | distance from New York to Washing- ton and to ton is about the same and the Pennsylvania line could verv well afford to carry passengers at | those fares now if it were so disposed.” - L to the value | inevitable, and if the Italians don't Mottoless Succes; Prom (he Sacramento Bee. Believe it or not, many 8 successful | man has gone all the way through life ‘without & motto, 9