Evening Star Newspaper, June 4, 1935, Page 8

A—8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C. TUESDAY. «.June 4, 1035 THEODORE W. NOYES. . .Editor —_— The-Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: 11th St. and Pennsylvi IIII"AVE New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Building. European Oflce:!lfil Regent St.. London. ns! in the City. “45c per month ar ti0c per month ar 65¢ per month ¢ per copy Rate by Carrier With Regular Ed The Evenine St he Evening and Sunday 8t (when 4 Sundays) The_Evening and Sunday 8t (when 5 Sundays) The Sunday Star.. Night Final Edition. \eht Pinal and Sunday Star. 70c per month ight “Final Stdr #5¢ per month Collection made ‘at the end of each month telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Rnnv and Sunday. .1 yr.. $10.00: 1 mo.. K5e aily only % yr.. $6.00: 1 mo. s0c Sunday oniy $4.00: 1 mo.. 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday. 1 yr.. $12.00; 1 mo.. $1.00 Daily only .....1yr. $8.00:1mo." 75¢ Sunday only.. .. 1yr. $5.00:1mo. 50¢ Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other- wise credited in this paper and also the Jocal news published herein. Al rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. el The District Loses Again. ‘The issue between House and Senate on the District bill is the amount of the lump sum. When the Senate conferees yield on that issue, other gains that might be credited to them through compromise are negligible That is the case with reference to the agreement just reached between House and Senate conferees on the 1936 District bill. While legislative differences between the two houses are usually reconciled through com- promise, there was no compromise on the lump sum. When the Senate con- ferees gave in—under duress of threats that the lump sum would be either $5,700,000 or nothing—most of the increases previously voted by the Sen- ate went by the board. For any major increases in the District bill are dependent on a higher lump sum. Why can there be no compromise on the lump sum? Why must the illogically low and very unfair amount arbitrarily set by the House prevail, when the Senate annually indicates its belief that the equitable and prac- tical demands of financing this city's needs justify a greater amount? Is the Senate willing to surrender its prerogatives as a participant in leg- islation for the District when it comes to voting the Federal contribution? In the thirteen appropriation bills for the District since and including 1925 the Senate has yielded to the House under stress of threats of one zort or another six times. In only three cases has the lump-sum issue been resolved for one year by the process of compromise, In other cases there has been no contest. What the Senate's surrender on the lump sum issue means this year can be judged by the nature of the items Jost in the bill. The Senate’s incrgase of the lump sum from $5700,000 to $8,317,500 provided additicnal revenue of $2,617.500, and to this amount the Senate added about $830,000 from the prospective yield of local taxation, enabling the bill to carry funds for purchase of sites and beginning con- struction of thirteen new schools; to add 141 men to the police force; to provide additional factlities at the ‘Tuberculosis and at Gallinger Hos- pitals, more liberal allowance for public health and to permit certain necessary expenditures from the gasoline tax fund. When the lump sum was re- duced in conference to the previous figures. most of these items were auto- matically prohibited. There is no money to pay for them. Instead of thirteen new school items, the bill will provide for only three. Instead of 141 Orders may be sent by mail or | is here in particular, Mme. Lebrun tells us, to convey the greetings of the women of France to the women of America. “France,” she says, “has not forgotten what American women did during the trying days of the World War. Their example of devotion and generosity remains vivid in our | minds.” Washington, with its innumerable and indelible memories of the France and Frenchmen who helped to estab- lish this Nation, is proud to greet Mme. Lebrun as the gracious repre- sentative not only of Prench woman- kind, but of the sister republic to which the United States remains al- lied in indissoluble bonds of friend- ship, gratitude and respect. Her brief sojourn in our midst forms a new link in a long chain of mutual affection and good will. - Congress vs. Court. The demand that Congress should | passed for the Government of the people, made by Senator George Nor- | ris of Nebraska and others since the | Supreme Court held the N. R. A. to be unconstitutional, is not new. When the Supreme Court has cut down laws made by Congress in the past there has been a temporary demand that the power to pass on the constitu- tionality of acts of Congress be taken away from the court. Senator Norris is quoted as saying that the United States is the only civilized country in the world where a law passed by a parliament and ap- proved by the executive can be over- ruled by a court. Instead of being & | be supreme in the matter of laws | THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., TUESDAY, JUNE 4, 1935. THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. ing which it sat in succession in two of the Senate committee rooms. ‘The need of a separate building for the Supreme Court has long been felt. While the sessions chamber itsell was adequate for its sittings, save that on notable occasions of important decl- sions the space was not sufficient for the multitudes gathering to attend the sessions, the accommodations have been recognized as unsuitable. The robing room of the justices was sepa- rated from the sessions chamber, so that the members of the court had to cross & public corridor to reach their places at the bench. They were also cramped in respect to their individual offices, while the. library of the court | was housed on the basement floor in small, ill-lighted quarters, Now the highest court has a pala- tial home, suitable in design, in spa- ciousness and in facilities for both the [ members of the court and the mem- I bers of the bar appearing before it. 1'rhu is the fruition of a plan long in contemplation. The question of a site was a cause of delay. Further- more, there was opposition on the part of members of Congress to the removal of the court from the Capitol, where it was convenient of access to ;them. But this very nearness has | long been deemed an impropriety, inasmuch as the court is the tribunal | of judgment in respect to the validity | of the laws enacted by the Congress, Some one wanted to know which is the most-used key on the average typewriter. One has but to look down at any machine to answer that. ‘The letter “e¢” is the most worn on the average kevboard. ‘The entire middle bar is often miss- ing, as well as the central part of the upright. This finding, of course, agrees with general knowledge. Poe, in his story about “The Gold- bug,” made the frequency of use of certain letters play a part in the solu- tion of the mystery. The letter “e,” as we recall, was| there given as the most used in the | English language and there can be | little doubt about it. * kX ¥ Many millions of words must be | written on a typewriter to show this | wear in any degree. Considering what & prominent part this invention plays in modern life, very little is written about it. Yet many a person regards some particular typing machine almost with affection. Many a man is a “crank” when it comes to faithful arrangement of keys, type, etc., which adorns his desk. If he has pounded the keys on this specimen for many years, as many have, he will resent others using it, almost as some men dislike to loan | their fountain pens. | and a physical separation of the judicial and the legislative branches | was deemed desirable. That has now been effected. The court sits apart in a structure that by its splendor of design and its com- | | pleteness of accommodation befits the | It is the adjustment of the pressure | reproach, however, this situation might | jichest, tribunal, upon which rests the | well be considered a compliment 1o | yespongibility for the maintenance of the American system. The Senator | ine permanent system of government from Nebraska could have sald that | for tne American people. few civilized nations in the world, if P v, vithout h - AN S et monarcha o Qs The fact that the Weyerhaeuser tors or both. That is no good reason | boy was returned unharmed is a mat- ? Tnit | why the United States should change [ter for rejoicing. Nevertheless, the !:TN:)[:'::: .h t;‘;;:r.T;:dG:k:m:;n: I criminals only kept their part of an of the United States was designed |USIY Porsain and the "““::o ool with & series of checks and balances !dt::t.y ] = v to prevent dictatorial powers. Under | i the Constitution the legislative, exec- utive and judicial branches of the | | Government were established with a | 0me method of getting all the heat | view to preserving a balance of power. required directly from the sun. Never- | theless, the coal mine continues to be | The Constitution was adopted to | secure, among other things, “the bless- | Watched as the point that makes the ‘ings of liberty to ourselves and to fuel supply one of the trouble indl-.‘ our posterity.” It early became clear | CBtOrs. | that if the liberties guaranteed to the | e | | people by the Constitution were to be| Former Secretary of the Treasury preserved there must be a system of | Frank Vanderlip will broadcast talks passing upon laws to determine |on economics. For radio work & | whether they conform with the Con- | knowledge of finance has become even | | more important than a song or a| ———— Science has long been looking for | stitution. It is the matter of the tension. Others spoil it, Tension is a very curious thing. one must use on the keys. And right there comes the entire matter of how long one can use a machine. | Do you pound on it as if trying | to drive the stand clear through to the proverbial China? Then it will not last very long. But the operator who can use enough strength, but no more than is necessary, is in a fair way to mak- | ing it last far longer than many would believe possible, standards. Adjustment of the tension of the machine enables the user to achieve A clean-cut, direct stroke on the Judging from other Any good operator will tell you it is all unnecessary. But we are think- ing rather of average operators, and especially of those who use machines for the transference of their own thoughts to paper. ‘These will not necessarily be trained operators, in any sense. With them a slight hesitation, from time to time, does no harm. While from the technical stand- point they cannot be classed as skilled typists, in & year they turn out a tremendous amount of work. Hence they must be regarded as skilled in their way. They come to a practical knowledge of the standard typewriter which stands them in good stead. ‘The most interesting and often the Maintains That Local Rentals Are Equitable To the Editor of The Star: The congressional committee that investigated rents in the District showed little or no knowledge of local or national conditions. Some of the proponents of the proposed legislation have been here but a short time and ‘were in no position to draw fair com- parisons. It may be true that local rents are higher than some other cities, for which there are justified Treasons. One representative of a govern- mental group appeared before the committee and stated that rents here have increased 40 to 50 per cent. The absurdity of this remark needs no refutation, One of the congressicnal committee mentioned that small homes in his | city can be had for $65 to $75 per month. Many here are so rented. It | is true because of improved conditions most amusing of these users are those Many are not available. To meet this who have picked up, as the phnuicondmon. more building is going has it, a certain mastery of the keys, | now than for several years. Included Although they have had no training | in the new construction are many in the so-called touch system, they flats to rent for $37.50. The com- get there just ihe sa Mostly they use a few fingers of each hand, including the thumbs, especially the right thumb. These fingers do the work of all 10, | hence, from one aspect, their owners really are much more skilled than the trained typist, who is able to make even the little finger do its part. Many a strong fellow who lambastes & typewriter in his dally word stint would find his little fingers too weak to operate & key. That is where the training comes in. * k% ok ‘Two questions arise to confront the average user of & modern typewriter. ‘They are speed and mistakes. The amount of the former that may be worked up by the two-finger artist is amazing. she learns the touch system—can com- pete with expert typists on their own ground. Often enough this copy will be as clean as any one's, { It cannot be gainsaid, however, that | the user who depends on the old hunt- and-find system, even after he has mastered it for all practical purposes, is a great deal more likely to make mistakes, | About the only way he can over- | come this defect is to be more careful | 88 he goes along. If this results in Often he—usually | | mittee inquired if the owners had combined to keep down ccustruction to push rents upward. Governmental statistics show that the District ranks third in construction in_the country. Construction would be further in. creased if Congress had not failed | to appropriate sufficlent funds for sewer facilities. Many properties here in the past few years were rented for less than a fair rental. Tenants were then very dictatorial. Congress took no action to make tenants pay an equitable amount so that many owners might have avoided foreclosure. If the newcomers in the city are imbued with the idea that a rent law will decrease rents, they are reminded that the last one did not—rents were higher then than at any time. In the main, it only gave the undesirable tenant an opportunity to beat the owner out of additional rent, for the owner was unable to dispossess within & reasonable time. Another charge of this group was that over a hundred machinists at the navy yard find it cheaper to live in Baltimore. Every native Washing- tonian familiar with the navy yard knows that there always have been and always will be, regardless of local rents, some local employes who prefer to live in Baltimore, just as ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS A reader can get the answer to any question of fact bywriting The Washington Evening Star Infor- ‘mation Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How much weight can a man carry safely?—W. W. may be carried now and then, but as & continuous burden, 40 per cent is as much as should be attempted. broadcast by the naval broadcasting station?—G. D. 8. A. Time is broadcast 20 times a day naval broadcasting station. Q. Please give the dimensions of the reflecting pool near the Lincolr. Me- morial in Washington—J. B. A. It is 1,922 feet long and 160 feet | wide. The average depth is about 317 | feet. The pool was completed in the Fall of 1922 and cost about $600,000. The water in the pool is still water. It is filled, then emptied and cleaned and refilled. Q. What royal family has ruled for the longest period?—G. W. A. The reigning family of Japan. The Emperor of Japan traces his line back to Jimmu, who ascended the throne in 660 B.C. Q. Does the banyan tree have more | than one trunk?—N. Y. | "A.Its branches, touching ground, develop rcots and form auxil- {lary trunks. In this manner a tree | spreads to a wide area. Some trees have as many as 3,000 small trunks. | Q. When was “54-40 or Fight” a | | | campaign slogan?—A. T. C. A. It was a Democratic campaign | slogan in 1844. | e Q. Which is the largest bone in the | body?—K. T. | A. The femur is the largest, longest, | and strongest bone in the body. It | extends from the hip to the knee. | Q Did George Washington ever | visit England?—S. D. | A. He was never outside of this A. Fifty per cent of a man's weight | Q. How often s the correct time at 113 kilocycles by Station NAA, the | the | lowered speed, so be it. Usually such | some local residents working in Balti- | o, keys, without wasting energy. Some one has calculated just how much energy is used in typewriting, and it is far more than one might imagine. We recall having read somewhere that if a person were to start oper- ating & typing machine in a cold bath, the temperature of the water ‘would be raised to the boiling point after a while. One may think it would take a long time, but the final result might be as stated, although we doubt it. At any rate, there is considerable energy used in slamming the fingers down on the keys so many times a minute, hour after hour. * 2 * % A very light tension is probably the ’ best Miany who say they prefer a heavy The Supreme Court, the tribunal set up in the Constitution funny story. itself, has been the agency. It has protected those liberties in its judicial | B As indignation threatens in the | opinions over a long stretch of years. | white House environment the Vice | forth no doubt has a great deal to although that It has grown in the estimation of lhe{ people. They look to the court as above and beyond political consid- erations. The proposal now to take from this court all power of determin- ing whether the laws of Congress meet the pledges contained in the Constitu- | tion will have no popular appeal. | The Congress is a partisan political body. To invest it with the final power to say wheher a law does re- spect the liberties of the people guar- |anteed by the Constitution would be to leave the people to the strict rule |of & political majority. The Consti- | tution, on the other hand, guarantees President may expect to do a large share of the official smiling for the | administration for several weeks to | come. i ——— et In connection with French affairs| Caillaux is mentioned as & money | wizard, Wizards' of finance are us- ually among those who make a large share of the trouble in the first place. | —————————— \\ There are passing moments of | gloom, but hope cannot fail to flour- ish so long as there are four or five billion dollars awaiting expenditure. | N tension have never experimented to | see what they really do like in this ing theory is matter, The amount of nervous energy put do with it. Every one has seen users | of typewriters who hammer the keys hard enough to break them. s STARS, MEN & user has too speeds, one for ordi- nary use and one for speeial corre- spondence and other matter which | must be just so., Y | One of the curiosities of the type- writer is the small personal list of usual mistakes which every one makes. i Each operator will have his or her | favorites. | Such a word as “girl,” for instance, | will be written “gilr” repeatedly and | invariably, This matter of transpositions is well known to all users of typewriters and | | operators of linotype machines. | Each user comes to know his own | failings and tries to be on the watch | for them, but even then the favorites }\\111 crop up. } of | do not know. | the way, had the backing of the same Poe we instanced in the beginning, famous man never used a typewriter. Surely his “Raven” and “Bells” would have jingled off a key- board in splendid style. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. A strange object in the vastness of space—two enormous aggregations of stars tied together with a luminous band more than 100,000,000,000,000,000 miles long—is reported in the Astro- physical Journal by P. C. Keenan of alities since they seem to arise as part of the complex of the develop- ment of the individual and occasion- ally show a tendency to become fixed in heredity. Whether this is just the perversity | fate or a lack of determination, we | Surely the most pleas- | the former, which, by | more prefer living here. Past experi- ence at the yard has shown that an employe does not know when he is secure in his position. There are many new employes there as in the N. R. A. It might be very unwise for several reasons for a few hundred native Baltimoreans working in the District to move here. Comparing local rents with other localities is stupid without taking into consideration the costs of ground and construction and prevailing wages. Internal revenue figures indicate that the District of Columbia led the whole Nation with 14.9 per cent of its pop- ulation filing income tax returns with an average for the country of 3.10 per cent, with New York State the nearest | competitor with only 6.21 per cent. The proponents of the measure sub- mitted no figures contradicting own- ers’ figures showing less than 1 per cent increase. And it should be borne in mind that when salaries were re- duced two years ago, many owners | reduced rentals, which were, at that | years. | When Congress passed legislation abolishing alley dwellings, no provision was made for the rehousing of these unfortunates, the majority of whom are on relief. The average rent for such dwellings is $12.50 per month. I am wondering if Congress will expect | the property owners of the District to | meet the situation when these tenants | are forced into their new and better houses. ARCHIE ————————_ | Senator’s Defense of President Is Illogical To the Editer of The Star: | time, at the lowest ebb for several | untry, except when he went with | his brother Lawrence to the West | Indies. | Q Has the Government prepared any instructions to aid research in- | vestigators in preparing technical | manuscripts? If so, where may one secure a set of these instructions?— | | issued & manual entitled “Writing for Publication,” copies of which may be {had without cost from the Forest Service, Ogden, Utah. { City>—L. N. | A. Mexico City is 7,410 feet above ! sea level, | Q. Has young Teddy Roosevelt ever /held an office to which he was | elected?’—H. G. F. A. Col. Theodore Roosevelt was | elected a member of the New York | General Assembly and served 1919- 20. In addition he has held the appointive offices of Assistant Secre- | tary of the Navy, Governor of Puerto Rico and Governor General of the Philippines. He was nominated as the Republican candidate for Gov- | ernor of New York in 1924, but was not elected. Q. How many more woman than | man school teachers are there in this | country?—T. Y. F. | A. A late report gives, roughly. 830.- 000 woman teachers as compared with 226,000 man teachers. . B. A. The Forest Service has recently ' | Q. What is the altitude of Mexico | liberties to citizens who happen to be in & minority. How strongly partisan | Congress is has been demonstrated again and again in the past. That it would act in a far more partisan man- | ner if all restraint were lifted seems & | foregone conclusion, | With the Congress the final arbiter of the constitutionality of legislation, the people would be at the mercy of every whim and caprice of the politic- | al party in power, There would be no The news from mysterious India was far more satisfactory when it concen- | trated on poor Mahatma Gandht's fail- ure of appetite. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Experiments we need To make our race superior. “Ear exostoses,” he says, “consti- the Yerkes Observatory. tute a special complex or entity be- The star aggregations are extra-|longing not in the fleld of diseases galactic nebulae, each consisting of | but in that of abnormalities, and | billions of celestial bodies and com- |must be directly connected with | parable in size to the Milky Way |Neuro-vascular derangements which galaxy, of which all the visible stars|have their seat in the trophic nerv- are & part. The nearest of them is OUS centers that control the bon§ spproximately 80,000,000,000,000,000,- structures of the external auditory 000 miles from the earth, as measured | Canal. by the red shift of their apparent | It is plain that all structures in recession. One appears to be con- | the body must be formed and main- siderably larger than the other. | tained under the direction of special This luminous ribbon stretched | Nervous centers which as yet are The defense by Senator Robinson of President Roosevelt's reaction to the Supreme Court's decision on his | New Deal legislation is rather amusing | prajse of the courage shown by | to say the least. | President Roosevelt and by the Sen- The Senator says that the Presi- |ators who sustained his veto of the | dent’s critics might as well urge that | Patman bonus bill for payment in the enactment of the law sgainst kid- | greenbacks is the chief feature of press | naping and bank robbery was a tyran- | comment on the failure of the meas- | nisl invasion of State rights as te|ure. It is held that the President’s |argue against the President’s efloru‘mmnge. delivered in person, Wwas | to put an end to chiseling, sweat shops ' statesmanlike and convincing. | and child labor by codes. o t sevelt'’s message Wwas | Among other things the Democratic ‘President Roos ~ new patrolmen, the bill provides for pajance wheel, no authority to insist | Professors still proceed only thirty-five. While some of the Sen- ate’s increases are compromised, most of them are lost entirely. And with the lump sum figure remaining at $5,700,000, the financing of even the bill which has been agreed upon will raise a serious question at the District Building as to the source of the ! Toward benefits ulterior. | Each scientific call Resorts to new experiments. | We're test tubes one and all | Containing strange ingredients. | that the laws enacted should conform | to the constitutional guarantees to the people, —————————— Every precaution is assured in the administration of Federal funds, al- though cynical citizens may find it | We ladle from the stream Of Time that flows so dashingly necessary revenue. | hard to rid their minds of & suspicion The bill agreed upon is in smount | that where four or five billion dollars essentially the Budget Bureau pro- 8r¢ concerned there is very likely to | posal. The Budget Bureau estimates D¢ Some political chiseling. | provided for little beyond mainte- s | nénce. Needed developments and im- | §ypreme Court's Permanent Home provements are curtailed, and unmet 1 Yesterday the Supreme Court of far beyond the resources of the com- | the United States held its last session |in the chamber which it has occu- munity ever to meet them on the | basis of existing unsatisfactory md‘pled for & century and a quarter, wholly unreasonable appropriations | formerly the meeting room of the Sen- practice. I:te. Today it has moved, theoreti- cally though not actually, to its new Reading about the time when Jet. | ome across the square into the mar- | ble building which has just been ferson hitched his horse to a tree | while he went to his inauguration pro- | CMPpleted and which will doubtless duces & glow of friendly feeling for the D¢ its permanent establishment so | old horse, even without the buggy. long as this Nation shall survive. ! —— The first home of the Supreme .11 | Court was at the foot of Broad street An Ambassadress of Good Will. 1 Now Work ity tiace 1t st Wob- Washington has the distinguished | 15y 1 1790, A year later it was pleasure of welcoming to the National | moved to Philadelphia and occupied Capital today Mme. Albert Lebrun, space in the city hall building next who, as wife of the President of the to Independence Hall. When the Republic, is the first lady of Prance.|Government moved to Washington in Bhe arrived in the United States on 1801 no specific provision had been Monday aboard the new queen of the ‘ made for the court, but the Senate seas and winner of the blue ribbon of | permitted the justices to use a small the Atlantic, the magnificent French | room on the first floor of the Capitol, liner Normandie Having christened | later, during some work of reconstruc- R Some drops that brightly gleam ‘While they are caught so flashingly. Perhaps they bid us know A lot of germs proliferous In an explosive show That's often odoriferous. Restraint. “What would you think of electing & woman to the U. S. presidency?” | “I'd think well of the idea,” said ! Senator Sorghum. “Our talk is grow- 1 ing abrupt and colloquial. Maybe | we statesmen would be more studiously polite if we had to remember that there is a lady President.” Jud Tunkins says what he wants; from the political economists is more | work and less worry. Eagle. In recent days it has been said The eagle blue is turning red. Sometimes in fear our breath we'd catch While wondering what her eggs would hatch. Amid the feathers and the fuss We hear about “E Pluribus,” With “Unum” as the loudest call; It's the same old Eagle after all. the great ship, Mme. Lebrun proved to be her mascot as well, for Nor- mandie steamed into New York har- bor with every transoceanic record indisputably in her possession. She negotiated the crossing in four days, eleven hours and forty-two minutes, cutting by two hours the previous record held by Italy's Rex, averaging the dizzy speed of 29.64 knots over the Southampton-Ambrose Light course, and wresting Rex's laurels for the best day’s run by making 748 miles within & single twenty-four hours. Mme. Lebrun is the first wife of & French President to come to the United States. To have reached our shores under the circumstances which crown the French merchant marine with epoch-making glory must fill the mistress of the Elysee Palace with joyous pride, just as it will clothe her vislt with memorable significance. She ' pairs occasioned by fire in 1808, dur- ural senses” tion, moving it across the hall to an- other chamber. Vague records indi- cate that during this period the court, badly accommodated in the Capitol Building, sat at one of the Washing- ton hotels on Pennsylvania avenue, | west of the Capitol. After the Capitol was burned by the British in 1214 | the court moved again, to the horne :Df Elias Boudinot Caldwell, clerk of | the court, at 206 Pennsylvania avenue | southeast. In 1817 it returned to the | Capitol and was quartered in & cham- ber that was characterized as “little | better than a dungeon.” 1In 1859, | when the Capitol wings were con- structed and the Senate moved into its new and present chamber, the old Senate hall was established as the | supposedly permanent home of the court, which it has occupied contin- uously save for a brief period of re- Experience Teaches. “Does our friend the former Secre- tary of the Navy know what to do in this emergency?” “Precisely. He runs true to form and calls a conference to decide what | to do with & ship of state at sea in & | brainstorm.” Founiation Material. | We're making history every day, New trimmings often we display With peaceful elegance and grace Or patterns with a warlike trace. We dance to measures light and fair Or hear the martial trumpet blare, But whatsoe'er may be the pace, | We're just the same old human race. “It's best to be agreeable” said Uncle Eben. “De boy dat brings de teacher a red apple may not be so quick in his lessons but he haQ nat- [ through light years of empty space | known but very imperfectly, but the constitutes the first known case of an actual physical connection between independent star systems, which are separated by such vast distances that even their gravitational effects upon each other are incalculably minute. * * % & The hippopotemus, which sup- posedly spends much of its life sub- merged in reedy African lakes and rivers, has been misrepresented, it is | indicated by observations made by Prof. G. H. Parker of Harvard Uni- versity on the 3-ton animal at the National Zoological Park. Reports of explorer-naturalists were to the effect that hippos could remain entirely under water a half hour or more, supposedly holding their breaths that long. Yet, unlike the whales and porpoises, they possess no special ap- paratus for such an aquatic life. Prof. Parker found that the animal in the Washington Zoo, even when frightened and trying to hide, stayed under a maximum of 4 minutes and 40 seconds and that the average time of its sub- mergence was only 2 minutes and 14 seconds. Other records cited by Prof. Parker show that the length of time this animal can stay under water varies with size. The average peridd for a suckling hippo is only about 20 sec- onds. As its lung capacity increases with growth its period of submergence increases. ' * ok kX Mankind may be suffering from evolution pains—roughly equivalent to the “growing pains” of the indi- vidual. Human ills as recognized by the physician may be mechanical, chem- ical, bacteriological or degenerative, but Dr. Ales Hrdlicka, curator of physical anthropology of the Smith- sonian Institution, adds s fifth and generally unrecognized cause—dis- turbing eddies in the stream of evo- lution where it is flowing swiftly. This may be the reason for certain derangements in the human system which are not found in closely allied forms whose place is in calmer evo- lutionary waters, such as the great apes. ‘This conclusion arises from Dr. Hrdlicka’s study of curious physical abnormalities found only in the hu- man race—the so-called ear exostoses. These are bony growths in the audi- tory canal of the ear. They oc- cur most frequently in early man- hood. They are exceptionally fre- quent among American Indians and Polynesians, but it is probable that no human group is entirely free from them. They lead to hearing defects and, in extreme cases, even to death. They are more frequent in men than in woman. Dr. Hrdlicka tabulated the inci- dence of these curious in several thousand skulls in the Na- tional Museum collection. They can- not be considered, he says, as results of “disesge,” but rather ss abnorm- existence and regulatory function of | party stood on the doctrine of State i Which are necessary, and which are called the trophic centers. They are | highly important, parts of the central | government of each individual organ- ism. They act upon the biood and lymph supply, and in other effective ways. The tissues themselves can have no architectonic individuality. They are but so much living mate- rial from which, under the hereditar- ily fixed specific influence of the nervous centers, there are built dif- ferent structures, “Nor does the function of these centers end with the finish of the construction, just as the function of & city government cannot end with the completion of its streets and | houses. There is a perpetual guardian- ship under the continued power of heredity and there are perpetual changes, for heredity is not fully dis- charged or satisfied with the comple- | tion of the structures. It is a lifetime | factor. Here lies the clue that con- | | fronts us in our study of ear exostoses. “As long as both the heredity and | the nerveus apparatus that subserves it in connection with any given part | of the organism are normal, that part will, unless in some way injured, re- | main normal. If, in the absence of chemical mechanical or bacteriological injury, & part behaves abnormally, it is an unquestionable proof that at that point and to that extent there is either ; ;:;ll:ening or derangement of the ] ary centrol or of its transmission. I “The something we call heredity must not be conceived as any special power acting within and upon an or- ganism. It can in the end consist only of a specific organization within and between the molecules of the celis of the nervous centers. Such organ- ization is, as a rule, deeply fixed and not readily influenced. It may, how- ever, be affected by deep-acting causes, still but little known. “The wide prevalence of ear exos- toses in the human family and their manifestations as to age and sex seem to speak against derangements of nerve transmission. These leave as the most probable basic cause a weak- ening or derangement of the normal hereditary control of the tympanic bone and parts adjacent. “Only one-thought may here be per- missible, but that must not be taken for an assertion. Within some 500,000 years man’'s progress, especially as concerns his brain and head, has far outstripped that of all the 1est of creation. This rapid progress and dif- ferentiation, with a spread to all re- glons and exposure to a multitude of new factors, has prevented in many respects a full adjustment of all parts, a full harmonization and staoility in all regions. There is a possibility that the central trophic control of the ex- ternal meatal region in the greatly enlarged, altered and still altering skull, has not regained the full, life~ ‘rizhl.s. claiming that the States had i retained jurisdiction over their eco- | nomic, social, political and police mat- | ters, where not specifically delegated | to the Pederal Government. | I think there is some similitude in these laws as drawn by the Senator. | The former laws referred to do usurp | the police power of the States, and the | only jurisdiction I can see for their enactment is the inability of the States | to cope with the general interstate character of the offenses they seek to eliminate, while the so-called New Deal cases, at least by implication, | might have been held valid had their context been more explicitly set forth by their framers. But the point I make is, that although the Democratic party is com- | mitted to the policy of home rule and State rights we find Senator Robinson, | & conservative Democrat, fighting for | Federal legislation of social, economic |and intrastate matters, directly op- posed to the principles of his party. I would like to know by what mental gymnastics this same Democratic | Senator can justify his opposition to | the so-called anti-lynching bill on account of its supposed unconstitu- tionality? What curious sophistry! HUVER 1. BROWN. ——or—s. Court Has Voted 81.489, Against the New Deal To the Editor of The Star: ‘The Supreme Court has passed upon six pivotal New Deal measures—oll, gold, railroad pensions, farm debts, N. R. A, and Humphrey. Nine justices have given their individual opinion on each case, a total of 54 votes in this honorable court on fundamental issues of constitutional law. Three decisions | were unanimously against the New Deal; and in the other three cases the total vote against New Dealism was 17 out of 27. In only one case—gold— did s majority find constitutional grounds for New Deal action—and that on the most tenuous of legal theories. ‘Thus, out of 54 Supreme Court bal- lots to date, 44 have found the New Deal unconstitutional. ‘This represents 8148 per cent against the New Deal. Could any business manager spend $16,000,000,000 in two years, be only 18 per cent right on all his profects, and yet retain his position? Let Franklin D. Roosevelt resign | at cace. America emphatically re- jects him and all his works. WILLIAM T. BUCHANAN, mality as an incidental condition that might disappear in the natural course of events if further skull changes affecting the part stopped and if di- rect inheritance of the abnormality mn‘wm“mfl.“ nuu other person half way, wylel% Over a lazy town. & masterpiece of courage and wisdom and patriotic justice.” says the At- lanta Journal, while the Philadelphia | Evening Public Ledger comments that | “the vote in the Senate represents a | personal victory for the President, and concede that he saved the country from incalculable difficulties.” The San Francisco Chronicle holds that | “we shall not remain safe unless we resolutely set ourselves to be hence- forward as good and wise, in our citi- zenship, as this example of the Presi- | dent in his leadership.” “It may be said.” in the opinion of the New York Sun, “that the Presi- dent’s political courage was contagious and helped to hold together the group determined to fight the menace of in- flation.” That paper believes that. “by so much, at least, the President’s | determination told mightily.” | “Millions of people will agree that | the veto was justifiable, if not actually | unavoidable,” states the Portland | (Oreg.) Journal, adding, however, that “this view does not represent, in any sense, a lack of appreciation of the service of the veterans.” The Roanoke | (Va.) Times believes that “the bill was & thoroughly vicious and unsound piece of legislation,” and the Schenectady (N. Y.) Gazette calls it “an unjust plece of legislation—a group measure.” “President Roosevelt emerges & greater and a stronger man for his | demonstration of courage,” thinks the Raleigh (N. C.) News and Observer, | and the Providence Journal lauds his | “unwavering support of correct prin- | ciples of government and economics.” The Philadelphia Inquirer concludes est shadow of hope for compromise.” The Richmond News Leader calls it “a righteous veto” and advises that “the seven men who joined the coura- geous 33 in opposition to the bill deserve the country's thanks.” The Macon (Ga.) Telegraph holds that “it requires courage of a high order to rise superior to the threats and promises of the lobbies.” In support of the Patman bill the Springfield (Mass.) Daily News argues that “the veterans recelved a ‘raw deal’ from the Nation they so nobly served,” while the Danbury (Conn.) News-Times upholds their right to have, the adjusted compensation cer- tificates “cashed at present worth.” The Philadelphia Record maintains that “the Nation needs the two bil- lions purchasing power.” The Seattle Times suggests that some of the Sen- ators had “planned a straddle.” The Topeka Dally Capital argues: “A sound rule in this matter is to grant liberal benefits to the disabled and to dependents of killed and dis- abled, and there to draw the line. While an equitable rule, it is politi- cally difficult, if not impossibie.” “President Roosevelt,” says the Birmingham (Ala.) News, “has re- peatedly shown himself willing to compromise. His political career has been marked by the ability to meet i most thoughtful men will be glad to| 2| del that “his attitude leaves only the mer- | BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. Q. How many leper colonies are there in Continental United States?— A.B. M A. The only leper colony in the United States is the United States Leprosarium at Carvile, La. Q. What are the three largest har- bors in South America?—D. T. A. Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, ;Bl’ll”, and Bahia Blanca, Argentina, | are probably the largest commercially important harbors of South America, Q. When was body of John | Paul Jones brought back to this coun- try?>—F. F. A. It was returned to the United States on July 24, 1905, Q. Are there any of the original m:,nué(‘rlp'.s of the Bible in existence? | A. There are no actual original | copies of the Bible, either the Hebrew Scriptures of the Old Testament or the New Testament. The American | Bible Society says that while the |three most important and complete | copies of manuscripts of the Bible are |the Vaticanus (fourth century), | Sinaiticus (fourth century) and the ! Alexandrinus (fifth century), there | have been since these were discovered | numberless fragments of early copies |of the Bible brought to light until | there are now several thousand frag- | ments of the Greek. the Hebrew, or | the two combined, which are worthy | of a serious consideration in & study | of the original language. Q. What preference are World War veterans given on civil service exami- nations?>—C. A. A. The preference is 5 and 10 points, which are added to their earned ratings. Q. If the election of a member of the House of Representatives is pro- tested. but he is seated, and then un= seated, who draws the pay?—J. O'C. A. If the election of a Representa- | tive is protested, but the Representa- | tive is seated, he receives pay for all |of the time he serves. If it is later | decided that he was not entitled to | his election certificate, he is not re- quired to return any of the salary which he has received, since he has devoted his time to the service of the | Government and has actually served in office. In this case the duly quali- fied Representative also receives his | salary for the period during which he was denied his seat Q. How many Government workers go to work at 8, 8:30, 8:45, 9 and 9:15 under the stagger system now being | used in Washington?>—N. W. A. At 8—5,300; at 8:30—10,363; at 8:45—10,271; at 9—13,564; at 9:15— 6,707, Q. How long does it take to manu- | facture a merry-go-round>—G. M. E. A. A first-rate, three-row-deep mer- ry-go-round takes about three months. The average price is about $12,000. Q. What is the average length of time required to train a soldier for active service in war?>—K. L. A. There is no authoritative state- ment on the subject. It has been es- timated that a man can be trained, through intensive training, in about 10 weeks. Q. What does the name of the opera “Parsifal” mean?—M. G. A. The name Parsifal, used in Wag- | ner's opera of that name, is appar- ently an adaptation of a name ap pearing in many countries: Perciva, Parzeval and Parsifal, all apparently derived from the Welsh Pecedur, the meaning of which is searcher for the basin or cup. The opera concernec | with the search for the Holy Grail, o icup. from which Christ gave to His disciples the wine at the last supper. President’s Courage Lauded In Veto of Greenback Bonus | for the sake of concessions from the | other side. But for President Roose- velt to accept the bonus bill as a rider when he would not take it as a sepa- rate measure would not be compro- mise: it would be surrender. And that he will not do. Even those who did not approve of the veto of the Patman bill can surely admire the President’s refusal to be forced into signing a similar proposal attached as a.rider to some other measure.” —— et Visitor Makes Comments On Life in Washington To the Editor of The Star: After a visit of two weeks in your lightful and interesting city, I am returning to my home in New Orleans. I found the people in Wash.ngton unusually considerate and helpful, particularly the stceet car men. Every one seemed to go out of his way to guide a stranger who asked where | things were. However. there are a few questions: Why is the waiting room of the Union Station sllowea to look so | dirty and run down? i Why do autoists drive pell mell across streets ihe minute the green light is shown, witnout giviag the pedestrians a chance? Police should | compe! cars to wait until the pedes- | trians are out of the way as nc one | in Washington is going anywhere that another couple of minuies mat- | ters in arriving. Whe started the silly, idiotic, in- | sane or crazy habit of removing hats | in elevators in Lusiness buildings? | Government buildings are business | buildings and not residences. The hats held in hands take up much more space than when on the men's heads. and upstanding free men only remove their hats in the presence of superiors. Why do 50 many men in small Gov- | ernment supervisory positions think | that they look important if they look stupid? T always thought important, smart, clever people looked alert re- gardless of the type of organization they were helping to run. JUAN JOSE ROSAVERDE. —_——— Sure to Divide. From the Pasadena Post. Europe is said to be divided on effect of the Hitler talk. Europe may be depended upon to be divided on any- | thing that happens. A Rhyme at Twilight By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton Lazy-Bones My collie follows me at idle pace. Idly, my favorite lounging chair I The dog is yawning up into my face And sleeps, as deeper in my chair 1 slip To wntlch & strip of daylight on the wall Lose any pattern while the sun goes down And' :l!lndowl of & Summer twilight . h