Evening Star Newspaper, May 4, 1935, Page 8

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON, D. C. BATURDAY.......May 4, 1035 THEODORE W. NOYES. . . Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company Y e O vanta_Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t. icaro Office: Lake Michigan Building. ropean Offce; 14 Regent St.. London. N Rate by Carrier Within the City. Regular Edition. The Evening Star.. .. 45c per month Evening and Sunda: The Sunday Star b¢ per copy Night 5 ight Final and Sun e per month ight Pinal Star. . 55¢ per month Collection made at the end of each month. _Orders may be sent by mail or telephone National 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Dally and Sunday .1 yr.. $10.00: 1 mo.. R5¢ Daily only. . 1yr. $6 1 mo., b0c Bunday only. 1yr. $4.00: 1mo. dve All Other States and Canada, Batly and Sunday.1 yr., $12.00: 1 mo.. $1.00 iy, only, 1yr. $8.00:1mo. 750 Sunday only..(l.1yr. $5.00: 1mo.. 60c Member of the Associated Press. The Associated Press is exclusively en- titled to the use for republication of all news dispatches credited to it OF not other- wise credited in this paper and also the locl news published herein. Al rights of Dublication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. _— Preparednest in Europe. While Washington on Friday was the scene of an impressive demonstra- tion on behalf of international friend- ship, European powers took concrete steps to insure peace by preparedness. At Paris the text of the Franco- Russian mutual aid pact was made public, with disclosure of far-reaching plans for meeting aggression. In London Parliament was acquainted with & program for spending an addi- tional $116,000,000 on the British air force, to make it equal in all respects to the air establishment that Hitler and Goering have created. Venice is the scene of a tripartite conference, at which Italy, Austria and Hungary are considering ways and means for preserving peace in the Danubian area through rearmament of the two countries that formed the defunct dual monarchy, especially for the pur- pose of warding off a Nazi threat against Austria. All these moves are inspired by & common mistrust of the Reich, en- gendered by Hitler's rearmament pro- gram and his refusal to pnnicip:u\ in collective action for security. The Fuehrer is on the verge of making another speech in which he will specify the terms on which Germany is ready to work with other powers. ‘That “equality” which the Germans demanded as a condition precedent will not be denied them, but if along with it, as foreshadowed, Hitler seeks return of German colonies, revision of European frontiers and restoration to Reich jurisdiction of German “min- orities” in Austria, Danzig, Memel, Schleswig - Holstein, Poland and Czechoslovakia—to mention only some of those “bleeding borders” of which Goebbels talks from time to time—the | Nazis will run into insuperable diffi- culties. Such plans to restore Ger- man supremacy in Europe are sternly opposed. Meantime, tangible measures to keep the Reich within bounds are being adopted. The Franco-Russian pact, in addition to general provisions for mutual military aid “in the event of unprovoked aggression on the part of any European state,” is accom- panied by an understanding that France 15 ready to help the Soviet build railways and strategic roads along her Western frontier, to facili- tate movement of the Red army. ‘The British government proposes at once to add six hundred fighting planes to the air establishment, with & view to matching the German air fleet, which on its part has adopted the French air force of 1,670 planes as & yardstick. Britain's air personnel, airdromes and all other essential equipment are to be correspondingly expanded. Anglo-Franco-Russian-Italian moves in the fields of increased armaments and mutual assistance pacts are Eu- rope’s reply to Hitlerism's menace. It is open to Germany to participate in security agreements if her desire for peace is genuine. If she prefers sabstention, it is now plain to her that she invites isolation and with it forges into existence a combination of force that renders utterly impossible of realization whatever ambitions she may cherish for a “Greater Germany.” —_————— Scriptural quotations are always valuable in a moral sense, although in many instances they apply to con- ditions which only a saddened intelli- gence would regard as duplicating those of modern enlightenment and courage. ———— Dr. Condon’s Testimony. An extraordinary incident has oc- eurred in the course of the efforts to save Richard Bruno Hauptmann from the death penalty imposed upon him for the kidnaping and killing of the Lindbergh child. While his appeal from conviction is pending before the higher judiciary of New Jersey & member of the Bronx grand jury which considered a phase of the case in 1932 before Hauptmann’s arrest has made public declaration to the effect that Dr. John F. Condon, one of the most important witnesses for the State in the New Jersey trial, had given testimony at the trial dif- fering from that which he gave be- fore the grand -jury. This was in respect to Dr. Condon’s ability to identify the person to whom he hand- ed the ransom money. According to this jury member Dr. Condon had said that he could not identify the man, ‘whereas at the trial in New Jersey he positively identified Hauptmann as the receiver of the money. ‘Yesterday a justice of the New York Bupreme Court made public the record _of the grand jury testimony, a most ‘unusual procedure, and thus disclosed that Dr. Condon had positively stated 1n his testimony before that body that he could identify the man if he should ever see him again. us the slle- gation of the the grand jury was refuted. He is now subject to penalty, not for his misstatement, but for making any statement at all. As & member of the grand jury he was sworn not to disclose the testi- mony given before that body. Under the 1aw of the State the disclosure of any such testimony is & misdemeanor. It is the invariable practice in Ameri- can judicial procedure to hold grand Jjury inquiries in secret, with every pos- sible safeguard against publicity. Rarely are the records of these bodies brought forth, and then only to check against discrepancies of statement on the part of witnesses who have appeared before both the grand and the trial juries. Only the court itself can make these disclosures. For & member of 2 grand jury to reveal anything which is said in testimony or argument be- fore such a body is to commit con- tempt of the court, which may be severely punished. This at least imprudent statement by the grand jury member regarding Dr. Condon's testimony may have been due to a queer lapse of memory, though the language used by the witness, as now revealed by the court, ‘was positive in expression of assurance of identification and it would seem to have been impossible to misunder- stand him or to forget the nature of his statement. This raises the ques- tion whether some sinister influence | was exerted to cause the juror to mis- represent the matter, as well as to violate his oath of secrecy. A con- siderable fund has been raised by solicitation by the convicted man’s wife and his counsel to meet the costs of trial and appeal. If any of | that money has been used to induce the grand jury member who is now subject to charges of contempt and violation of oath to make his false statement regarding one of the vital witnesses for the State in the New Jersey trial, this matter grows into an importance far greater even than the disposition of the Hauptmann case itself. ————————— No Bonus Compromise. Any compromise, and more par- ticularly the Harrison compromise, on the soldiers’ bonus bill now seems impossible. As the bonus bill moves on toward a vote in the Senate it is only a question of time until the com- promise proposal reported by the Senate Finance Committee, conceived in political necessity, is tossed into come in the Upper House as it did in the Lower on the desire of the | majority for the Patman bill for the immediate cash payment of the bonus with “greenbacks” or for the Vinson bill, which also provides for immediate cash payment of the bonus, but leaves it to the Treasury to find the money by either borrowing or taxation. President Roosevelt has repeatedly | been described as willing to approve the Harrison compromise bill, which | calls for the issuance of negotiable ‘! three per cent Government bonds for | which bonus certificates may be ex- changed. In the exchange the face value of the bonus certificates would undergo some reduction. Indeed, the Harrison bill, it was estimated, would ! bring the cost of settling the bonus | certificates $1,000,000,000 lower, if all the veterans took advantage of the proposal. It is not entirely unnatural that the veterans have not been over- joyed at the prospect of the Harrison compromise. The President, on the other hand, has expressed his hearty disapproval of the Patman and Vinson bills, de- claring that the bonus payment indi- cated in the certificates is not due the veterans until 1945, that the add- ed strain upon the credit of the Gov- ernment to pay out $2,300,000,000 for the bonus certificates would be too great, and that the needy veterans were being cared for through the va- rious relief measures of the Govern- ment—indeed, were being given pref- erence. 1t is, perhaps, as well to have a defi- nite showdown on the cash payment proposal, rather than to have the compromise become & law. Under the compromise the veterans were at lib- erty to hold their certificates instead of trading them in for the negotiabie bonds. They would have received & premium from the Government if they had held the certificates until 1945, when they are finally due. But it would have been the well-to-do vet- erans, the men not in dire need, who would have been in a position to do 80 and thereby make a gain. The needy veteran, if he wanted cash now, would have been compelled to sacrifice part of the bonus which eventually would have been his. President Roosevelt before long will have to allow a cash bonus bill to become law or to veto such a measure. It seems entirely improbable that he will sign the bill. That means a veto unless he should permit the measure to become law without his signature, as it could if he took no action on it within the required time while Con- gress was in session. A veto will be sustained by the Senate, it is pre- dicted. Certainly the Patman bill, with its inflationary provisions, could not command a two-thirds vote of the Upper House, necessary to override the veto, Nor, is it believed, would the Vinson bill be able to command the requisite support. 3 There is a phase of anti-trust senti- ment which applies even to the most carefully organized brain trust. On Shaky Ground. Mr. Hopkins undoubtedly under- stands the fundamental insecurity of his position in demanding State con- | the ash can. The question finally will | State acqulescence in Washington's plans is that Wupmuwn shall step in and ‘take over the whole kit and caboodle of State relief. That is what is happening in Georgis, Ohio and other States. ‘Why is it not the inevitable result to be expected in many States where the burdens of local taxation are al- ready bearing down, while Federal dollars, so far, are merely casting be- fore them an uncertain shadow of higher taxation? If State relief dol- lars are immediately represented by increased local taxation, while Federal relief dollars are somehow pulled from a magic hat without benefit of taxa- tion, which dollars are to be chosen? And wherein lies the substance of threats that the flow of Federal dol- lars will cease if thus and so are not produced by the State? Has not the National Government guaranteed that no one shall starve? Mr. Hopkins 1s to be placed on the Senate grill for examination into his methods for allotment of State quotas. His testimony may be interesting, but will it be important? Mr. Hopkins has striven manfully to maintain the prin- ciple of local responsibility in relief. It is a sound principle. Whatever method he has devised for judging the abilities of the States to share the cost are probably as good as any. But how strong is the support he may expect in maintaining the principle of local contribution? ‘The wisdom of the National Govern- ment’s aceptance of the relief respon- sibility is now an academic question for debate in the abstract. The point is that the National Government has accepted the responsibility, and that acceptance has been overwhelmingly indorsed by the people. Will not the same forces which led to the assump- tion of this responsibility now be di- rected toward the repudiation of all local responsibility? There is, unfor- tunately, very little to prevent it. And Mr. Hopkins, as sternly as he may threaten and no matter how acute becomes the pain in his neck, must know fit. ——e———— Spain’s premier postponed his resig- nation because he had an engagement to attend a Polish art exhibit. A na- tion learns to take its resignations | calmly when it has become used to them. P e ) Frequent suggestions that Congress ought to adjourn are forced to face the fact that an energetic and ir- repressible Senator can start almost as much trouble at home as he can in ‘Washington. ————————— 1t is evidently the intention of Mr. Hopkins that Illinois shall raise funds even if Chicago has to organize an- | other exposition to draw funds from the American public at large. —_—————————— ‘The former Emperor of Germany, though bereft of title, still manages to rank as about equal in authority with the King of Italy. ————————— Spies are being exchanged by Ger- many and Poland. It is a strange phase of barter in a new industrial system. —— Numerous alliances are hinted at in Europe, any one of them likely to prove somewhat in the nature of an entanglement. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Comedy Relief. There's & custom very pleasant that flluminates the earth With jollity forever in its prime. Each able statesman passes out & smile for what it's worth, And we're telling funny stories all the time. Sometimes a playtul fancy has & way of playing rough When we even try to make a jest of crime, But we twitter and we titter at the portrait of a tough, And we're telling funny stories all the time. In every dialect & bit of persifiage we hear, Adjusted to the mood of every clime; Though the future seems severe we preserve our kindly cheer A And keep telling funny stories all the time. Home, Sweet Home. “Your constituents are not holding many demonstrations.” “That’s all right,” answered Sen- ator Sorghum, “I don’t want them parading the street when they ought to be home tuning in on my radio speech.” The Iron Bird. ‘The airplane is a mighty bird And for applause 'twill beg. “It's going to be the goose,” we heard, “That lays & golden egg.” Yet its anatomy looks queer To scientific view; Instead of golden eggs, we fear, *Twill drop & bomb or two. Complacency. “What is the market going to do next?” “It will, as usual, try to please everybody,” said Mr. Dustin Stax. “If you win you can add to your bank account and if you go broke you don’t have to pay any more taxes.” “My ancestors were very wise,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “but they left me only beautiful words, which my dishonest adversaries can- not appreciate.” tributions, on & scale that he sets himself, as the condition precedent to his allotment of Federal re- lief funds. What happens If the State refuses to meet that scale, or any scale? Has not the Federal Govern- ment promised that no one shall starve? Is the exception to this rule to be that certain persons shall starve when political or other considerations prevent an understanding between their State officials and the Federal relief administ: in Washington? Certainly not. alternative to Gilded Luxury. Potato bugs will sooh be here. © We view them with alarm. They dine without a trace of fear And really mean no harm. He wears his golden stripes so fine, Of sympathy bereft. Says he, “Securely will I dine And you take what is left.” *“A gamblin’ man,” said Unclé Eben, “somehow git's customers dat knows when dey plays him dey is jes’ naturally eheatin' % u . . THE EVENING STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1935. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. Over the telephone Templeton Jones is the unqualified man. Most persons identify themselves, when telling their name to another, especially a stranger, : Not so Jones. “This is Templeton Jones,” he de- clares. “Who?” “Templeton Jones.” “I didn't catch the name.” “Templeton Jones.” No more, no less, says the astute T. Jones, esq. He may know quite well that the man on the other end hasn't the slightest idea who he is, but that makes no difference to him. * ok ok X Not for worlds, evidently, will he qualify himself. Lesser men compromise with the identity of the ego, but not Jones. They are Smith of So-and-So, Brown of Thus-and-Thus. Nor by so qualifying themselve do they think any the less of them- selves, or in any way attempt to do other than make themselves plain to the listener. ‘Templeton Jones, however, has a different technique. ‘The biggest man in the world might ask him who he is. He would reply in just two words: ‘Templeton Jones. * x ok % When one stops to think about it, it is enough, isn't it? In every human being, especially every human using & telephone, there is a clearly defined wish to have recognition greet his name. Secretly every one hopes that the person on the other end will respond brightly, “Oh, yes, Mr. Brown!"” This glow of recognition is not al- ways admitted, but it exists, just the 88 e. It is the same in the dowager who phrases her name in lofty tones, as if to bulldoze the listener into under- standing it. It is the same in the youngster just stepping into his first business shoes, the office boy putting on the tone of the president of the firm. It is the same in the thousand and one humans, whoever of wherever they are, who secretly hope that their name is so well known that every one will know it. * ok k% Jones forces this recognition. Often we have longed to ask him whether there is any real personal satisfaction in it, after all, but proba- bly all he would reply would be “Templeton Jones." He is that way. We can imagine the cop on the beat asking him, “Who are you?" Jutting jaw, beetled brow, and that sort of thing. Behold the complacency of Jones, as he replles, “I am Templeton Jones.” “Who?" ‘The question is sharp, in the best manrer of operatives. Jones is not moved to reply other than before, “Templeton Jones.” “Who is Templeton Jones?" At this point, we think, ne must qualify the great Jones. But we do not know him. ' STARS, MEN than words, “Why, surely you cannot be 50 dumb as not to know me?” ‘The officer wilts. “Templeton Jones,” he writes down on the ticket. Jones has won again. PR It takes & lot of bluff, or whatever you want to call it, for him to get “by” with it at times. Often he talks to some one who, for one reason or other, does not know him at all, has no reason for knowing him, has never even heard his name. Still Jones remains the unqualified man. “This is Templeton Jones,” he says, “Yes, Templeton Jones. No, Jones, not Smith, Templeton Jones. Yes, that’s right, Templeton Jones.” No more. The name is enough. Jones belleves that a name ought to be enough for anybody. The integrity of a name! Every name ought to stand for some- thing, if for no more than that name. But how many hedge it 'round with descriptions. In the nature of the day’s business, of course, this is often necessary. 1f every one should refuse to qualify, there would be mix-ups galore. The beauty of the Jonesian scheme is that Jones doesn’t care a whoop Low many mix-ups there are over his name. He names himself—and others must either know, or find out. * * ¥ % Thus any one, perhaps, if persistent enough, could force the world to ac- cept him on similar terms. Few men are as bull-headed as Jones, however. He knows, of course, that some of the people he calls on the phone do not know him from the famous Adam. They have a right to expect him to introduce himself, as it were. Jones does not recognize the right, or, rather, the necessity for it. He expects that the course of the ensuing conversation will, or at least ought to, make everything plain. Hence his unvarying practice, in intrgucing himself over the wire, is a simpI® announcement of his name. When the hearer plainly asks for more, Jones as plainly ignores the re- quest. He is Templeton Jones, for one and all. * ok k¥ There is something magnanimous in this attittide, after all. It smacks of those ancient kings who felt that the first name, alone, was enough. There might be tens of thousands of Henry Smiths, perhaps, but only one Henry. The daily plodder in the walks of life will pause to wonder if all men might not adopt this plan with some little benefit. Perhaps all this qualification, this {dentification, that goes on every- where. is entirely unnecessary, just another instance of wasted motion and words. THE LIBRARY TABLE BY SARAH G. BOWERMAN. sulted in her death Wednesday evening. LAST OF THE WIND SHIPS. By Alan J. Villiers. New York: Wil- liam Morrow & Co. Now that salling vessels have almost disappeared from the high seas, one of the most thrilling chapters of world history is coming to an end. The author of this book has made many a voyage on sailing vessels, knows their ways, their routes and their crews, and has photographed them and their g in all weathers. loves them. “I thought it was strange, in a speed-mad world, that the un- hurried lovely salling ship should still survive, It was strahge, with all other forms of transport mechanized and speeded up, the deep-water square- rigged ship should still wander along her lonely sea ways carrying cargoes, wresting her progress with God’s wind from His ocean, unaided by the me- chanical genius of man. Yet the number of the surviving sailing ships now is few, and rapidly growing fewer.” The more than 200 full bage photo- graphs in this book were made on two voyages in the four-masted barque Parma, of Finland, from Australia to the English Channel, the first in 1932 and the second in 1933. These voy- ages are described in the text, with accompanying chart. “Last of the Wind Ships” is one of the most at- tractive of the special picture books illustrating social history which have become so popular in recent years. * % ¥ X THOMAS MORE. By Christopher Hollis. Milwaukee: The Bruce Pub- lishing Co. Christopher Hollis, British scholar and historian, has already contributed an understanding and urbane biog- raphy of Erasmus to the Science and Culturé Series, of which Joseph Hus- slein, 8. J,, Ph. D., is general editor. This biography of Thomas More, an- other of the great figures of t.he‘ Reformation period, is its fit compan- jon. Though his viewpoint is Roman Catholic, Christopher Hollis does not write controversially of the issues which aroused such bitter feeling in the time when Luther promulgated | his religious revolution in Germany, which was felt throughout Europe, and Henry VIII wrenched England from its allegiance to the Roman Church. He has produced an appreciative study of one of the foremost of the human- ists, a man of such high integrity that he died on the block rather than approve the acts of Henry VIII by which he made himself head of the church in England, a “merry man and a saint.” The contributions of Sir Thomas More to statecraft, theology, art and letters are all narrated—his chancellorship, succeeding Wolsey; his doctrinal controversy with Tyndale, his authorship of “The Utopia”—but the value of Mr. Hollis' book is chiefly as & character study, acute and well proportioned, of the man who in his combination of intellect and honesty had few, if any, equals in the sixteenth Speak your name right out, then let there be a significant pause. That pause will be gqualification enough. AND ATOMS Notebook of Science Progress in Field, Laboratory and Study. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. Keep grandmother away from the child with measles or whooping cough. Common children’s diseases, from which the middle years of life are sin- gularly free, frequently reappear in old age, Dr. O. H. Perry Pepper, pro- fessor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, told the Medical So- ciety of the District of Columbia the other night. Whooping cough, said Dr. Pepper, who is one of the foremost American authorities on the maladies of the last vears of life, is rather frequent and often fatal from 70 to 90. The vic- tims frequently have had the disease as children. It sometimes causes the deaths of grandparents called in to nurse ailing babies. Cases of measles have been reported at 71 and chicken pox from 64 to 78. The old seem to have lost part of their acquired re- sistance. Almost all old persons suffer from chronic bronchitis and tuberculosis, generally supposed to be a disease of early adult life, is far from rare among them. Some say, according to Dr. Pepper, that more old than young die of this malady. There are, he said, striking differ- ences between the normal physiology of age and that of any other period of life, and these sometimes lead to neglect and wrong diagnoses. He sees the prospect, with the increasing num- ber of old people, for as distinct a science dealing with maladies of the aged as the medical treatment of in- fants has become. A notable difference is the absence of striking symptoms. The body of a young person reacts strongly when anything is wrong. But, Dr. Pepper sdid, “the organs of the old suffer in silence.” The body fails to give overt signs that anything is wrong while the disease process makes headway. Pneumonia, for example, is common, but old persons sometimes die of it without showing any symptoms. Gall stones are more and more common with advancing years, but they cause little pain. Acute appendicitis is common in the 70s and 80s, but the onset is less acute and there may be little pain. The same is true of can- cer and ulcers.. Often the aged will “fade”” into death during convales- cence from a supposedly mild illness. ‘The heart will fail without any pre- vious evidence of heart disease. * k% % A curious difference between youth and age, Dr. Pepper pointed out, is that the old endure surgical treat- ment much better than the young, but are much worse adapted to medical treatment. Drugs of all kinds are absorbed slowly by the system, fail to produce the expected effect and, hence, are increased. The result is that whatever poisonous effect they may have is increased. ‘This is shown strikingly, he said, in the case of sedatives. Instead of quieting the nerves and producing rest they result in excitation. When the first mild dose fails to have the ex- pected effect a heavier dose is given. All the time a cumulative effect is being built up which may result in a nervous explosion. It must always be remembered, Dr, &mr said, t.lu:“l in old age the body organs atrophy. The liver shrinks to half its normal weight, although its functioning may not be impaired. The blood pressure tends to increase until about the seventieth year, when it starts to drop. Low blood pressure is more serious than high for the aged, since the danger of thrombosis is greater. Many of the peripheral capillaries are obliterated, resulting in the characteristic pallor of the aged. ‘The senile tremor develops, which is not a serious sign in itself and has its own characteristic rate per min- ute, The old almost invariably lose appetite, Some persons, Dr. Pepper pointed out, actually may die of “old age'— that is, of normal atrophy of the body organs without any particular vatho- logical condition of any of them. Such deaths are usually reported as “heart failure.” But the atrophy is a normal physiological process through which all who live long enough must pass. * x X X A new device for peering into the mysteries of life is being adapted and brought to higher degrees of usefulness at the Smithsonian-Institution. This is the so-called Christiansen Afilter, based upon a principle discovered a half century ago by a Denish physicist. It makes possible the experimental study of the precise effects of narrow bands of the solar spectrum upon living organisms. The biological behavior of every living thing is intricately inter- woven with light—both with the light spectrum as a whole and with in- dividual wave lengths. It is well known. for example, that a plant irradiated solely with green light grows quite differently from one firradiated with the entire spectrum or only with red light. The differences are astonishing. In the phenomenon of phototropism, for example, a seedling is thousands of times more sensitive to one part of the visible light spectrum than to another, as shown by its manner of bending. But such expressions as “green” or “yellow,” applied to light, are psy- chological rather than physical. The color sensation designated “green” is the human response to wave lengths of light within a certain narrow range which fall on the retina. It so hap- pens that this sensation is produced by light of wave lengths between 4,900 and 5400 Angstrom units. The Angstrom unit is one ten-millionth of & millimeter, or about four billionths of an inch. But light does not exist solely for man’s use in vision and discrimina- tion. It has numerous other func- tions, and in the performance of these different ranges of wave lengths dif- fer as profoundly as they do in the production of color sensations. Hence 1t is of great importance, both practi- cal and theoretical, to arrange the spectrum in various ways that have no visible associaion—that is, to study the effects of as narrow ranges of wave lengths as possible on all sorts of phenomena, such as growth, pho- tosymthesis, respiration, lethal end toxic effects, etc. ‘This requires the of ob- century. * ¥ ¥ ¥ FREEDOM OF THE SEAS. By Earl Willis Crecraft, Ph. D. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co. The doctrine of freedom of the seas for neutrals in time of war proved rather hard to enforce during the ‘World War. In its defense the United States has fought two wars. In this volume the professor of political science of the University of Akron tells something of the origin and his- tory of the doctrine, of the attacks on it at the present time and the dan- gers which will result if it is aban- doned. Attack comes from two sources —those powers which wish no limita- tion on their own freedom of action in case they are involved in war. and the advocates of boycotts and collec- tive action against the aggressor in any war. The author is opposed to any pacts which will be likely to draw our country into another Euro- . “The reluctance of our ies to pay their war debts has greatly increased opposition in America to any political program which would draw them (Americans) into another European war, only to have shifted to them again a large part of the cost, and to witness again the direct fruits of the victory, won by their aid, go to those who were directly responsible for the outbreak of the war itself.” Edwin M. Borchard, professor of law in Yale University, writes the introduction to “Freedom of the Seas.” * % ok ¥ SEASON TICKET. By Margaret Iles. New York: Harper & Brothers. If you ride to town day after day on the suburban train with the same people, you either become interested in them or you detest them. You may determine to be as oblivious of their existence as you try to be of | the advertisements lining the upper reaches of the street car. but you do not succeed. Margaret Iles has made this fact the point of departure for her first novel, the story of a group of everyday people, not remarkable in any way but prizing themselves and their lives exactly as much as if they were. From the occupants of the crowded train which runs from a provincial suburb to London six days & week she has chosen six who fre- quent the same compartment and has claimed the author’s privilege of looking into their personal lives, which are not revealed to their fellow passengers. Mr, Prettyman comes first, essen- tially commonplace, selfish and a bore, rather attracted by Janet Wood- ruff but not sufficlently so to cause the least objection on the part of his wife, comfortable in his feeling of superiority to all those within his small orbit. Eric Wilson has an in- valid wife, looks old at 43, is imposed upon by the servant and every one else, has a drab life but manages it with courage and a certain belief in the eternal rightness of things. S. J. Berry is young and romantic and will never be effective at anything except love-making. Janet Woodruff, try:ag te have a career, corrects proof of sclentific works at the institute, and the compartment; she loves Eric Wilson but decides to marry Howard Greyson, because she is 25 and she might as well. Maudie has the most difficult life of all, with,a wife whom hopelessly swayed by the latest emotion. b= son Ticket” is a collection of short stories about six people, but so inter- related that the result is a novel. irradiating Jects for considerable periods with | The restricted ranges of wave lengths at high light intensities. How to do this has been a very difficult technical problem. One way was through the light filter devised by the Danish physicist. Unfortunately, the wave lengths transmitted by this filter depend upon its temperature and when exposed to & strong source of radiation—the sun, for example—it heated rapidly so that the transmitted wave lengths chang- to be BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. A reader can get the answer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How many colts, geldings and fillies have won the Kentucky Derby? ~—D., W. R. A. Fifty-one colts, seven geldings and one filly have been Derby win- ners. Two father-son combinations have won—Halma, 1895 winner, sired Alan-a-Dale, winner in 1902, and Bubbling Over, 1926 winner, sired Burgoo King, 1932 winner. Q. How much mail does President He | Roosevelt receive?—O. B. A. The mail of the present admin- of any administration which the ‘White House officials have experienced. President Roosevelt's mail averaged about 8,000 letters a day for some time after his inauguration. The peak mafl was about 60,000 letters. No average has been figured recently, but it probably now averages around 5,000 or 6,000 letters a day. Q. How much of 1,000 gallons of nmll;e would evaporate in a month? A. Evaporation of gasoline varies with temperature and area exposed and is generally less than six-tenths of 1 per cent, which would be less than 6 gallons in 1,000 per month, Q. Is it true that World War wounded were sometimes cured by ‘maggots which crept into the wounds? —M. A. A. This was observed by surgeons. Study reveals that they probably ex- creted allantoin, a product found in both insects and plants. It is being used successfully in deep wounds and stubborn burns, brontosaurus?—W. 8. A. This prehistoric animal attained a length of 60 feet, weighed 20 tons and had feet which lett prints cover- ing a square yard. Q. How many States have State police systems?—G. T. A. Twelve. They are Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Mich- | igan, New Jersey, New York, Penn- | sylvania, Oregon, Rhode Island, Texas |and West Virginia. Twenty-eight | States maintain highway patrols. Q. When was the first lighthouse built on Barnegat Inlet?>—M. M. A. The first cne was built in 1835. In 1927 a lightship was established 8 miles off Barnegat Inlet and this aid, | equipped with fog signal and radio beacon, is of great value at this cross- roads of traffic about 50 miles south of New York City. Q. When was indoor bowling intro- duced in the United States?—S. E. A. The first recorded indoor match was played on the Knickerbocker alleys in New York in 1840. Q. Do Canadians transact much of their busihess by check?>—C. B. A. Over 90 per cent of the total payment of accounts during 1934 was by check. Q. Was Edwin Booth's father an actor?—S. N. A. He was Junius Brutus Booth, & well-known actor. He did not wish his son to follow his career, but Ed- win appeared on the stage at 16 and he and his father acted in the same plays. Q. What was a bounty jumper?— LD A. During the Civil War premiums or bounties were paid for enlistments. Bounty jumpers were those who en- H istration is much heavier than that|—G. listed and deserted soon after they received the reward. Many of them enlisted several times under different names, Q. How many people die in & day in New York City?—C. L. A. The sverage is & few over 200 a day. Q. Was Richard Harrisoffy’ who played De Lawd in “The Green Pas- tures,” born of slave parents?—B. G. A. The parents of Richard Harri- son were slaves who fled to freedom in Canada. He and five sisters and brothers were born in London, On- tario. A Q. When was the second Sunday in May first proclaimed as Mpther's day by a President of the United States? R. A. In 1914, by President Woodrow Wilson. Q. Where did the Youth Hostel movement start?—T. L. L. A. It was started by Richard Schirr- mann, & school teacher of Altens, in Westfalen, Germany. He arranged sleeping quarters in the attic of his school and built a kitchen. He was soon given the disused Castle Altena, which became the first Youth Hostel. There are now 2,600 Youth Hostels in Germany alone and the movement has spread over Europe. The first one in the United States will be opened in December in East Northfield, Mass. The purpose of the plan is to furnish safe, clean, cheap places for young people to lodge who wish to travel about and see the country. Q. What became of the famous old Mississippi River steamboats, the Natchez and the Robert E. Lee?—J. G. A. The Natchez became a storage plant for the Refuge Oil Co. of Vicks- burg, Miss, and was destroyed by flames in 1899. The insides of the first Robert E. Lee were removed and placed in the second Roberi E. Lee in 1879. A few months later the hull was destroyed by fire. Q. What is the mental age of the average person 21 years old?>—P. L. H. A. Government authorities say that they have no figures showing the mental age of an average person at 21, The estimates furnished are usually for adults in general. This estimate indicates that the average mental age |of an adult is about 18 years of age. Q. Is there any college in the East where one may take a course in news photography?—C. M, A. The University of Pittsburgh has begun & course in news photography. Q. Is the wood buffalo different from the ordinary buffalo?>—K. L. B. A. The wood bison is a subspecies of the American bison. Its zoological name is bison americanus athabascae, Unlike & common bison, which is & plains dweller, this is a woodland | animal. as its name indicates. A few | small herds still inhabit the wooded | region of Northern Alberta, Canada. It is both a grazer and a browser, feeding on grass and on the leaves, twigs and bark of trees. Q. What pitch do symphony or- chestras use?—G. E. M. A. The Etude says that all sym- phony orchestras, pianos, organs and other instruments in the United States are tuned to universal pitch, that is, with the A at 440 (double vibrations) per second. Q. What is the name of the hitherto unpublished novel by the late Thomas Hardy which has been discovered? T. W. A. “An Indiscretion in the Life of an Heiress” is the title of Hardy's novel, which was supposedly lost approximately three-quarters of a cen- tury ago. Naval Expansio Receives National Approval ‘The administration’s naval expan- sion program meets with the approval of the press as a whole. Editors point out that the United States Navy has remained well below treaty strength while other nations have maintained fleets up to the limit permitted by the ‘Washington Naval Conference. . “When it is said that this naval appropriation bill carries the largest sum in 15 years,” the Long Beach Press-Telegram points out, “it should be remembered that for 15 years the United States has been ‘treading water’ under the Washington naval disarmament treaty, hoping that other nations also would slow down their navy-building programs. Other nations, however, proceeded to con- struct more fighting ships and to reach and maintain the standing of ington agreement. America now is merely catching up with its associates in the maritime world.” A similar point is made by the Newport News Daily Press which declares: “Com- pletion of all the ships now under con- struction and those authorized in the bill will not bring the American Navy up to treaty strength. Hence, for- eign nations, all of which have been building warships while we were allow- ing ours to become obsolete, have no cause for complaint.” “While the total appropriation is high,” the San Francisco Chronicle remarks, “the committee cut in half the budgeted amount for beginning construction on 24 new ships, and even suggests the desirability of holding up all work on new ships pending the Naval Conference expected to be held According to the Manchester (N. H.) Union, the “argument in defense of this action is that there is still & theoretical chance that & naval dis- armament conference will be held and that it will produce a new formula of naval limitation. If the conference does not meet or fails in its efforts, it is said, work can \n"begun” l'i'l;e'; \;.ng; & special appropriation. continues: “But this overlooks the fact that we will go into the confer- ence, if it is called, with our Navy far below treaty strength and no provi- sion to make up the m':y'l:m gl; Navy is up to treaty stren i;%:e-t Britain has announced her intention to strengthen her naval de- fenses.” y “And why, above all,” asks the New York Herald Tribune, ‘“ignore the overwhelming indications that even if & conference should be called before the end of 1935 there is no chance of achieving naval limitation for the sim- ple reason that neither Japan nor Great Britain wish it—especially at as low ratios as were established at Washington? The dictates of na- tional interest are clear—to recognize the unwillingness of the other nations ‘Washington treaty own Navy at least to the limits which it would have attained under the treaty had we built as did the other nations.” On the other hand, it is the opin- fon of the Troy (N. Y.) Record that, “m reducing at least one-half the item for new ships, including subma- rines, good it was exercised.” This paper adds: “Its reasoning that of t:vdea:lmnkhtchmam greater their fleets as authorized in the Wash- | n Program construction be considered necessary, then provision can be made for it later. Should the principle of limita- tion of armaments be revived and ap- proved by the contemplated interna- tional conference, then all new build- ing could be deferred.” “Perhaps some Senators believe that this country should lead the world armament race, because the race is on, with other countries ‘building the greatest war machineries that have ever been built'” asserts the Tulsa Tribune. “The old fallacy that to be prepared for war is the best way to preserve peace is still accepted as an unfailing truth by many, in spite of the historical evidence that when two nations start arming against each other they usually end up at war. But pefore the bill comes to a vote in the Senate and our Government definitely steps to the fore as the leader in the world armament race, those who be- iieve otherwise may at least be given a hearing.” The Providence Journal, however, disagrees decidedly. Says this paper: “There is little likelihood that any na- tion would ever attack us as long as we possess & Navy second to none. Inasmuch as we have no purposes of aggression anywhere, a full strength treaty Navy is the best guarantee of permanent peace that this country can provide by its own independent action.” To the Charleston (8. C.) Evening Post “a Navy second to none” is a necessity regardless of cost, but the Saratoga Springs (N. Y.) Saratogian, looking over a few appro- priations, remarks: “This means huge unproductive expenditure to be shoul- dered by overburdened taxpayers. And the demand is on a,competitive basis. As one nation increases its ‘deferse’ outlay others feel the need of meeting it. When a system of inter- national relations, but little better than that governing the contacts of savage tribes, holds over into an age of ex- tensive application of science, the net result is the terrific muddle in which the world now finds itself.” ——— Bloodless Revolution. From the Mansfield (Ohio) News-Journal. The entire Government in New Al- bany, Kans., has been taken over by women—probably without the firing A Rhyme at Twilight ~ By Gertrude Brooke Hamilton. The Lonely Legion ‘Tonight I rhyme to the town at dusk Straight to the hearts of men. With all my warmth and depth and To guide an ardent pen 1 send my verse in rhythmic flow, As streams to rivers run, Not where the well-beloved abide Content from sun to sun. A I rhyme for those who play for power And miss the human touch, For those who, losing love's soft hour Know solitude’s grim clutch. Out to the town I send my rhyme e