Evening Star Newspaper, April 28, 1935, Page 35

BIG IMMIGRATION RACKET ENDED BY COMMISSIONER Ten-Year Trail of Negligence and Graft Uncovered in 1933 in Shifting Personnel. BY COLEMAN B. JONES. A N INVESTIGATION originally almed at a totally different A objective is credited with un- covering the 10-year trail of graft, fraud and racketeering which figures in the series of im- migration and naturalizat‘on cases to be prosecuted in New Yorl: under the direction of Samiacl H Kaufman os 8 special assistant to Atiorney Gen- eral Homer S. Cummia®s. Mr. Kaufman, law partner of Rep- resentative Emanuel Celler of Brook- Iyn, was appointed for this task at tiw request of the Department of Lasor on the basis of findings point- ing to criminal prosccutions in 25 cases involving 30 or 35 persons and citizenship cancellation proceedings in 200 cases, in addition to 42 de- portation actions and an unan- nounced number of dismissals from the service. The gathering of this evidence was & sequel to an investigation of per- sonnel records undertaken by Daniel W. MacCormack, commissioner gen- eral of immigration and naturaliza- tion, when, in August, 1933, he un- dertook the job of combining and reorganizing the hitherto separate immigration and naturalization serv- ices of the department. Began Weeding-Out Process. The combination of the two bu- reaus, in accordance with the ob- Jectives of the economy act, left places for only about 80 per cent of the personnel affected. The new commissioner, who was born in Scot- land and brought to the United States, had served as a licutenant colonel in the Army Transportation Corps in the World War. later aided the Persian government in fiscal af- fairs and subsequently entered the banking field in New York, and was rather new to Government service. As he explains his approach to his new personnel problem he sought ab- solute fairness in the necessary weed- ing-out process. Striving to eliminate prejudices, favoritism and politics from the selec- tion of those to remain, he set up 13 boards, each comprising members of the technical staffs of the old bureaus: & representative of the Civil Service Commission, and. as a spokesman for the public, a8 member of the American Arbitration Association. With the new bureau directed to take over the combined task on August 11, 1933, all employes of the two old bureaus were dismissed as of August 10. They were classified by the selection boards on the basis of their records in four groups: Excellent, good, fair and poor. Those rated poor were not reappointed. ‘Those adjudged fair were given an opportunity to prove their worth with temporary six-month appointments. ‘The good and the excellent were given unconditional reappointments, Found Suspicious Circumstances, The strictest rule established by Col. MacCormack foy his selection boards was that no one should be retained unless an affirmative showing of per- sonal integrity could be made. The record of the weeding-out in- vestigation disclosed so many suspi- cious circumstances, centering largely in New York, that he was not satis- fied he had really “cleaned house.” He found that two previous investiga- tions had resulted in the indictment of some “small fry” and the dismissal of several service employes, but he thought that “there must have been people of some importance involved or there could not have been so much graft.” With that idea in mind he assigned an investigator to the problem and then sent out others. Each reported enough “leads” to convice him that his previous suspicions were well founded, so he sent W. F. Watkins, the bureau's supervisor of investiga- tions, to New York to direct a com- prehensive inquiry. Subordinates Suspected. That was late in 1933, and soon, with the assistance of Charles P. Muller, assistant district director of immigration and naturalization, Mr. Watkins had dug out evidence which led Col. MacCormack to believe that A very serious situation existed, re- flecting on some persons already out of the service and others still in the service, with traces of a “highly or- ganized group of criminal racketeers” operating in the immigration and naturalization field, and of two or three murders linked with the previous investigations. Mr. Watkins and Mr. Muller reported indicaticns that some such gangs were still in existence, if. not active, and that subordinate offi- cials and employes had participated in some of the frauds, which were estimated to have involved at least $1.000.000, and possibly two or three times that amount. A laboricus checking of records be- came necessary as the investigation developed. 1In the 10-year period covered, about 4,000,000 aliens had entered the United States and 150,000 had applied for citizenship. It was necessary to examine in detail the documents, witnesses and other data bearing on each case, including the records of arrivals and their descrip- tions in 5,000 volumes of ships’ mani- fests. Manifest Records Faked. Some of the manifest records were found to have been faked, altered or, in the terminology of the service, “matched.”” Under an act which be- came effective in 1924, il had become necessary for an alien seeking nat- uralization to produce a certificate of arrival at the port of entry. Most of the fraud and graft and racketeering centered on the need of aliens, who could not produce evidence of legal entry, to find some means of present- ing an acceptable substitute. ‘The least conspicuous method of pronding such evidence was to find a pame in the manifests closely re- gembling that ot the alier seeking a record. In some cases it was possible to “match” his record with that of an alien who had entered legally by having an initial added to a name on the manifest, having the spelling of a name ‘“corrected,” or altering some slight detail. In other instances 1t was necessary to alter a number of details in the legitimate record, even to the extent of changing the sex and sge and description of the individual 1t was supposed to describe. In some cases it was found that whole entries had been cut, or even crudely torn, from manifest sheets and fake entries pasted in their places. Operated Through Canada. In addition to these devices, the investigation disclosed clear indica- tions of an organized system for pro- viding witnesses as to character and other evidence needed by aliens seek- ing to enter as immigrants, or apply- ing for naturalization. The recketeers | were found to have connections in| Canada, so they could smuggle aliens from the Dominion, provide them with enough spurious evidence to ob- tain a visa there, and then bring Shem back to the United States with » the way thus paved for admission and naturalization. Sums ranging from $100 to $1,200 or more were found to have been ex- torted from allens for the various types of ald offered, with the rack- eteers keeping most for themselves, but passing out substantial bribes as well as a good deal of petty graft. The tedious work of investigation developed on such a scale that it be- came evident to Col. MacCormack that the job would take years to complete unless a way was found to speed it along. Speed, he felt, was essential for the sake of the morale of the service, as well as for efficlency in preventing the guilty from escaping through operation of the statute of limitations. Ellis Island Records Checked. To accomplish this objective, | brought into the undertaking senior naturalization officers of large cities and the immigration of- ficers who were rated the best in the he the the service. The force conducting the in- vestigation reached 56 in number at | its peak, including more than 40 senior | |officials and 11 accountants, who | ! worked secretly at night for months, | checking over the 5000 volumes of | ship's manifests in the Ellis Island | | records. | | Under the scheme of organization, | as outlined by Col. MacCormack, | there was, in addition to the exam- | | ination of records by the most skilled | men at his command, an outside in- | vestigation, tracing aliens, and ex- | amining them, their witnesses and lawyers, in the preparation of cases and briefs for court action. A corollary task of bringing the | Ellis Island business up to date was' undertaken. Fifteen experienced im- migration inspectors were drawn from other posts, where they were not urgently needed, and assigned to help the Ellis Island staff to catch up with its accumulation of cases. In this way, the examination of 1.600 pend- ing cases was cleared up in four or five months, with the result that 391 | warrants of arrest charging illegal entry were issued. Of these, 328 have been served, 83 deportations have been effected, 67 aliens are in custody and 178 are out on bond pending hearings. The largest number of these cases had to do with aliens ac- cused of overstaying their allotted time in this country, and most of the others grew out of failure to possess unexpired visas. Suppressed Idea of “Drive.” Col. MacCormack described his of investigation as one in w “ordinary horse sense and business methods were applied.” He insisted that nothing be done which would give the appearance of a “drive.,” and was gratified, when the returns were all in, to find no indi- cations that any “Reds” had been caught in the net. Their absence, surprising as it was, emphasized the adherence of his aides to his injunc- tion for a “scrupulously fair deal.” “This was by no means a muck- raking investigation,” he asserted. “Its sole purpose was to be sure of cleaning up the organization, to guard against any reflection on its per- sonnel. It developed that the pre- liminary clean-up had put a serious crimp in the fraudulent proceedings, with one ringleader eliminated. Many leads were developed which went back | over the years. Most cases that have | arisen had their beginnings in past | yea But that was an accident of investigation in an effort to clean up shop. | | Col. MacCormack was gratified over the fact that his 56 investigators had | been able to operate in New York long enough to complete a tremendous vol- ume of work without a damaging “leak.” An inkling of what was go- | ing on reached the newspapers from time to time, largely because of the necessity of instituting certain pro- | ceedings before they would be barred | under the statute of limitations. | Isador Lakas. an alien alleged to have been smuggled into the country, | was indicted on November 21; and Umberto Migliaccio, a deserting sea- man, on December 13. on charges of | viclating the naturalization laws. Irv- | ing Deutch, another deserting seaman, was fined $500 and given a suspended | four-year prison sentence on December | 14, and then Michael H. Hogan, for- | mer member of Congress, was indicted | on March 28 on charges of complicity in three fraudulent alien registry | cases, while serving as confidential | clerk to the collector of customs at | the Port of New York, from June 16, 1930, until February 28, 1934. | But, as Col. MacCormack viewed the situation as a whole, secrecy was es- sential until the huge task was com- pleted. “It was a decent, severe, but scrupu- | lously fair investigation,” he said in | reviewing the accomplishment. | Has Faith in His Personnel. ! Reverting to its original objective, and applauding the present personnel | of his organization, he insisted: ! “We have got to have men of abil- | ity and the very highest character; | men who are not merely unsusceptible | | to financial temp‘ation, but are not | prejudiced and cannot be swayed by threats or pressure,” | . The outstanding point of the in- | | vestigation, as he viewed it, was the | confidence it gave him that the offi- | | cials and the rank and file of his service “have standards of integrity not surpassed anywhere in the Gov- | ernment.” There were about 4,000 when he took over the commissioner- | ship, and he was inclined to believe | that the incompetents and undesir- | | ables who were there got into the | service because of the scarcity of men lsw.flable during the World War. ‘ Enliv;ned |Old Oxford By U. S. College Ideas OXFORD (#).—The Oxford Univer- sity Union, debating society which | | shocked its conservative graduates last | | year by resolving not to fight for King or country, is causing some quarters | | more worry this year by going radical | | in university affairs as well as national | politics. s | It was enough that only two candi- | dates both Socialists, were nominated for this term's presidency and the more extreme Socialist won. But with him was elected as librarian L. A. Lar- son, a Rhodes scholar from Augustana College, South Dakota, whose revolu- | tionary ideas were concerned more | with university life than politics. The two together have enlivened Oxfor_d life by introducing typically American college ideas. They have encouraged union members to take no- | tice of the university's women students, the formerly despised ‘“undergradu- ettes,” by providing a dining room where guests may be entertained, and specifying hours for ladies. They even invited “undergraduettes” to speak at | a union debate, and demanded a form | of university students’ sell-govern- ment such as most American colleges | THE Fights for Europe’s Peace Anthony Eden at 38 Is Match for Crafty Statesmen of Continent—May Be Foreign Minister. BY C. PATRICK THOMPSON. ER REICHSFUEHRER'S pouch- ed eves gleamed in his vision- ary’s face. He half-raised his swastika'd arm in the familiar Hitlerian gesture, and the mzss of black hair fell loose. “Our mission is to stem the tide of polshevism.” (He was riding his fa- vorite hobby.) “The western powers must unite fore self-protection. The Red army menaces Aryan Germany. Hence Germany’s need of a powerful army. A pact of mutual assistance with the Soviet? Imposible!" ‘The English audience of two, sedate in black coats and striped trousers, listened quietly and with proper defer- ence; a tall, lean, elderly, man with a lawyer's sharp face, intent, dark eyes under razor-like, ck brows, a bald dome rimmed with white hair; a tall, lean, elegant and handsome young man with a Guardee's mus- tache, & ch of black hair, an aris- tocrat'’s easy air * * * Forty-eight liours later they shook hands at the railroad station. “Good luck, Anthony.” Moscow. The young Englishman puts his long firm hand into the pudgy on> of Litvinoff. “Germany nas aggressive designs. If we get in- volved in war with Japan, she will attack our exposed western flank She wants the Ukraine for a food reservoir. Then she wiil be ready for anything—a seige, or a thiust south, southwest, or west. The Poles will be with them. Pilsudski wants to get rid of that bomb, the ‘Corridor’ through E2st Prussia to the sea Hitler suggests the obvious alterna- tive of & new corridor to the sea— a corridor carved through Soviet terri- torv. Then Pole and Prussian can shake hands—and the Poles .will save their bacon.” Then to Stalin. ‘The Englishman knows it all by heart. Has he not talked often with the plump commissar in the hotels and lobbies of the Geneva palace? Presently he and Litvinoff are going down the long guarded corridors of the Kremlin. In a big bare room a thick-set man in & plain uniform coat and trousers thrust into long boots gets up and extends a large, hard hand. His face breaks into a smile which fails to disrupt its under- lying grimness. The master of Red Russia has talked with H. G. Wells, but with the private cortempt of a man of action for & man of words, a dictator for a writer who means nothing in terms of power. This young fellow, whose hirsute growth above eye and lip are as thick as his own, is the real thing —imperial Britain. Stalin would like to hear what imperial Britain thinks about Hitler, and Russia; what she thinks, and what she means to do, if anything. The young Englishman at the same time is interested to meet face to face the man who can make or break the fleshy manager of Rus- sia’s foreign affairs—and a dozen like him. Warsaw. The old marshall-dictator pulls on his mustache and growls. “Ah, Capi. Eden eh? How old are you? Thirty-eight, eh? Umph! Very busy I suppose. This Eastern Locarno is all eye-wash. I was fighting the Reds in the Ukraine when you were getting your demobilization papers. I was repelling Budenny's cavalry— Weygand and I, anyway—from the gates of Warsaw when you were study- ing for your degree at college. What's Laval, thal provencal curb-dealer got to say? What’s Stalin up to? What do you think of Hitler?” ‘The Englishman smiles deferen- tially, shoots a glance from under an astutely cocked eyebrow, makes a mental note that the old boy is get- ting shaky about the joints, and he had better find out: After him—who? Clutter Up Geneva. ‘The train speeds south, Prague; familiar faces and phrases. These Little Entente fellows clutter up the corridors and anterooms at Geneva, where, for the last year, he has talked most of the time for Britain. Little Benes, eager, talkative as ever, shakes his hand. But the Cgechoslovakian foreign minister does not cut the fig- ure he used to. The Rumanian Tite- lescu is the man now, the Balkan | Talleyrand, talking for the Little En- tente bloc, always on the telephone ‘rom or to Paris—supple, adroit, tire- less and with some 1793 brandy in his cellar, Well, what coes Staun say? How is the old marshal? What will BMtain do if—and when? Where, would the Englishman think, do we all go from here? Luncheon, and a big plane is off, heading west. The sun is setting as it crosses the sea moat between Europe and the British island, It descends at Croydon Airport, an the southern rim of the sprawling capital —the imperial city of eight millions, once protected by the moat, now (thanks to the airplane invention which Stanley Baldwin lately de- plored, but hoped statesman would manage to Christianize) the empire’s Achilles’ heel. The elderly gentleman -with the legal visage welcomes his young col- league. They get into the, car and drive through 12 miles of traffic- crowded streets to the government buildings and premier's dwelling. They have much to talk about, for Old Egg-Head, as ribald Geneva nick- names Sir John 8imon, is due on the shores of Lake Maggiore in a few days for a showdown with Laval and Mussolini. Back from his second fl‘ln$ tour, SUNDAY BTAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, APRIL 28, 1935—PART TWO. % 4’5 PARIE e CHARACTERISTIC POSES OF ANTHONY EDEN, LORD PRIVY SEAL OF ENGLAND, AND OUTSTANDING DIPLOMAT OF THE TIME. Anthony Eden has neatly rounded off a diplomatic education which began when he became the parliamentary private secretary of Sir Austen Cham- berlain, then British foreign secre- tary. He has now met all the men of power who matter—for the time being —in contemporary Europe and the Near East. This, for an alert young man who has become a shrewd judge of men and affairs, is a very valuable piece of knowledge, extremely useful to the executive chiefs of the British im- | perial corperation—in which corpora- { tion Mr. Eden, lord privy seal, acts as 1flsld manager of the peace prospect- ing department—a post which, al though nominally subordinate to thi of General Manager Sir John Simon, gives its holder enough independent authority for commentators in foreign capitals to call him British foreign minister No. 2. Personalities are playing so large a part in the drama of the sfruggling nations in this phase that in some sense they help to illuminate the dark corridor through which those nations are slowly and confusedly moving CUBA HELD from an old into a new world and age. Probably, with his backing, alliances and special talents, the second surviv- ing son of the seventh holder of the Eden baronetcy would have made a fine career for himself, even if the treaties which were supposed to end the Great War had ended it. As it 1€, however, Anthony Eden is as much a phenomenon of the times he lives in as Hitler. Many ex- planations have been advanced of his sudden rise from obscurity to inter- national fame and the newspaper headlines. But if you write him down in the politico-diplomatic stud book as the child of International Peace Struggle out of Domestic Political Exigencies, you have got him pat. Sometimes, perhaps, riding high above Europe in his envoy's airplane, fresh from the war and university (and an electoral beating in his home county of Durham, in the north) | journeying down to mid-England, to Warwick. That district offered the son of the seventh baronet, who had attained captain's rank, won the Mili- tary Cross and achieved first-class honors in Oriental languages, certain advantages. His sister had married MAIN THREAT - TO PAN-AMERICAN UNITY Panama Policy Also Regarded as | another—the premier— Delicate—U. S. Seen Heavily Involved BY GASTON NERVAL. ONSIDERING pan-American- ism, not in its ultimate and broadest sense, which is that of friendship and effective | co-operation among the peo- |ple of all the American republics, but in its more restricted and more lcommonly used sense, meaning the | amount of good will prevailing in | the official relations of.the Govern- | ment of the United States with the | Governments of the Latin American | countries, we reviewed last week the | gains made under the Roosevelt-Hull | administration during the year which | closed with the recent celebration of | Pan-American day. | As the new “Pan-American year” | begins let us glance at the prospects | for the next 12 months and at the | problems which most likely will de- | mand the attention of the State De- | partment before another Pan-Ameri- can day is here. | Of course, in politics—and particu- |1arly so in international politics—the | unexpected is usually the thing to | except, but, as matters stand today | the Cuban situation seems to be the outstanding problem in the Latin American policy of the United States. Interference Criticized. The hardly impartial attitude ob- served by the State Department with | reference to the various domestic | crises in Cuba has been, precisely, the one phase of the otherwise fortu- | nate Latin American policy of the | present administration which has | met considerable criticism both here and abroad. To begin with, | overthrow of Machado was too openly favored and, in a measure, precipi- tated by diplomatic agents of the United States in the island republic. True enough, at that time there was the Platt amendment to justify such action, but, even so, the subsequent establishment of the provisional Cespedes regime transpired too much with foreign interference td satisfy the truly revolutionary aspirations of the Cuban people. Later on the unyielding refusal of the State Department to recognize the Grau San Martin regime, which succeeded the colorless Cespedes gov- ernment, and which for almost four ‘months preserved internal order and faithfully carried out Cuba’s interna- tional obligations, caused great dis- appointment to those who had ac- cepted the “good neighbor” policy at its face value. ‘When, finally, and to a great extent due to that opposition of WTW. the | in Haiti. | Grau was forced to resign. and his successor, Col. Mendieta, extended im- | mediate recognition, the impression | | grew that the State Department still reserved to itself the right to decide | when a Cuban regime had enough | popular support and when it was able | to maintain law and order. United States Held Committed. Ever since, the Government of the United States has not concealed its sympathies for the Mendieta regime, and has materially helped it by | facilitating its financial transactions {in this country, by granting it com- | mercial advantages, by placing an | arms embargo against its opponents, ete. |~ The two-fold result is that, on the one hand, the United States | practically committed itself to support the Mendieta-Batista combination in power, while, on the other, public sentiment against Washington grows | stronger among the Cuban masses as | the now dictatorial regime becomes | more and more unpopular. The dangers of such a situation are too obvious, when one considers the pos- sibilities of new outbreaks of violence, which are many, and the darge United States interests which may be at stake. A less dramatic and much less ldlngerous problem, but one of per- ihlns just as great significance for | the future relations of the United States with Latin America, is thav of the Panamanian demand for a “new deal” in the interpretation and ap- plication of the Canal treaty, or a revision of the same. The Pana- manians claim—and they can prove their case with abundant evidence— that the canal treaty which they ac- cepted 30 years ago in spite of the fact that it imposed heavily upon their national sovereignty, has been misinterpreted and abused by the for- eign authorities of the Canal Zone in detriment of the economic interests of the Republic of Panama. Tran- slent commerce—and Panama lives on transient commerce—is being accumu- lated in the hands of the United States Government as the manager of com- mercial enterprises in the Canal Zone which conduct a merciless and unfair competition against local merchants. All traffic of transient merchandise is monopolized by United States com- panies aided by the canal authorities. The absorbent action of the “com- missaries” of the Canal Zone, the post exchanges, hotels, restaurants, club and movie houses, etc., where "~ (Continued on Ninth Page) mumnnl.hah-. has | | | | the Liberal leader, D3’ WOMEN IN CONGRESS WAS ISSUE DURING 80s Carpenter Interviewed Leaders on Question of Feminine Legislators Fifty Yea This is the fifty-second of @ series of weekly articles on inter- esting persons and events in the National Capital during the 80s, by Frank G. Carpenter, world-famous author and traveler. CHAPTER LII. BY FRANK G. CARPENTER. HAVE recently asked a number of prominent figures in public life what, in their opinion, would be the result if women came to Con- gress. some of them are interesting. “It would depend very much on the kind of women,” writes Senator John J. Ingalls. f they were disciplined parliamentarians, philosophic think- ers, trained debaters, students of his- tory, acquainted with political econo- my, accomplished in oratory and ex- empt from all the incidents of ma- ternity, the result might be beneficial.” Susan B. Anthony thinks as fol- lows: “That both the men and the women will be put on their best beha- vior—morally, intellectually and so- clally—because the sexes together al- ways inspire each other to be and do their best. The huge cuspidors at every seat will be banished, the heat- ing registers will no longer emit the fumes of burned tobacco juice; the two houses and the corridors will cease to be filled with tobacco smoke thick enough to be cut with a& knife | the desks will not be used as foot the sixth Earl of Warwick. The War- wicks were linked through marriage to the Beckett family, powerful in bank- ing and politics. And he was about to marry Sir Gervase Beckett's daughter Helen. He won the electoral battle on the Warwick field, married, moved into the larger field of parliamentary poli- tics. This was 1923, and he was 26. In the same year a comic-opera poli- tician named Adolf Hitler staged an | absurd bierhall “putsch” in Munich and was properly jailed for it, and a rough, obscure Communist party sec- retany in Moscow began an obviously stupid intrigue to pull down the great and celebrated leaders of Red Russia. Doubtless our young Englishman taking his seat in Parliament. failed even to glimpse the truth about the obscure movement in Moscow and Munich, still less to sense the implica- tion of these men and these move- ments upon his own destiny and fortunes, Anyway, he could wait; and while less ent young men in British politics lost their heads, he kept his. He got his nose in when he became Austen Chamberlain's parliamentary private secretary, When the national coalition swept the polls, Anthony Eden was promoted to undersecretary. He might have made nothing of the job earlier on. British minister after British minister had orated and nego- tiated and produced resounding peace plans. and put Britain's name to pacts: and still peace refused to be captured in clever legal formulae, and + the war tide rose steadily higher. The time, in fact, was not ripe. Wars for Peace. But Britain needed—and needs— peace. She is slowly recovering from her greatest war; her empire covers a fourth of the earth and contains a fourth of its inhabitants. Her power is founded on trade and finance. She | does not fear military defeat in nn-i other European war. But she fears bankruptcy in one—bankruptey and disruption of the national and im- perial forces. She wants peace: she will range Europe and hold pow-wows with Stalin in Moscow, if necessary, to attain her purpose. She thought that a concentration of the national energies would help her, and to some extent it has. No foreign power can now play off Liberal against Tory, or vice versa. But the machinery has been bumping over the cogs. The exigencies of politics put Simon, into ethe foreign office—a politico-lawyer. cold, able, cautious, and, besides, a pacifist. | Bear in mind that the national coali- | tion is a camouflaged Conservative government, the three Labor repre- sentatives being disowned by their party (one has accepted a viscountcy: in line for an earldom) and the Liberals being a tiny fraction squeezed between Right and Left. ‘Thus you have the stage set for the elevation of Anthony Eden. Made special envoy in charge of disarma- ment negotiations, he subsequently was made a semi-independent minister to work in harness with the foreign minister to pull peace chestnuts ou! of the European fire. No Johnson- Richberg feud possibilities here. Simon will retire with a peerage when this coalition breaks up, and Eden will bei the next Conservative foreign min- | ister. Hence Eden is the white-headed boy even to the chief upon whose | preserves he appears—but only ap- | pears—to have muscled in, Son of Colorful Father. He rides, plays tennis. paints. His | athleticism and his estheticism he gets from his late father. Sir William Eden | was & character as richly colored as a Shakespeare portrait, and as unre- strained and passionate as his son Anthony is discreet and disciplined; | and atheist who hated drink and to- bacco, a huntsman who loved flowers. | 1t is recorded of him that when his | horse broke down near the end of one terrific hunt, his language reached the ear of the farmer a quarter mile away. | and grass has never grown in that field since. | It also is recorded of him that one | evening, riding home under a grz sky, he suddenly feared that he might grow like the hunting men he knew— their tastes limited to horses, whisky, cigars and occasionally a pretty woman, and on reaching home. he ‘wrote out his resignation as master of the hunt, retired abroad and inter- ested himse!f in horticulture. 1t is possibly to Sir William's sense of form also that Anthony owes his | flair for clothes. He is known in for- eign centers as England’s best-dressed man. England’s best-dressed men think him a trifle too dressy. Legends have grown up around hir, As he has been photographed walking from airplane to customs house in a gale, with head held high and Lat unmoved at its -customary jaunty angle, it is said that he glues his headgear on. As he always emerges from transcontinental expresses and airplanes with pants unwrinkled znd unbagged by long sitting, it is rumored that he carries an extra pair and changes into them just before the train stops or the airplane lands, thereby upholding Britain's prestige. One day he summoned a foreign official. The official, a sportsman who had overstayed his week end, came in feeling guilty. “Sit down., my dear fellow,” said Mr. Eden genially. “You've shot elk in Sweden, I'm told, Now, I'm just off on a mission to Stock- holm. Tell me, what is the correct attire for shooting elk with the Swed- 1sh government?” A benches. Decency and good order will be observed in the discussions, the proprieties of civilized society will ob- tain, and jiwtice, not bargain and sale, will desdde the legislation. May the good théae come speedily.” Clara #arton, the founder of the Red Q-ees, writes me at length thus: “It eould seem that a glance back- warae would be helpful in t attempt at forecasting the future. hat has been the result of mixed assemblages of men and women—in the miner's camp and in all pioneer life? Did the advent of women there demoral- ize? Did it impair the atmosphere morally, religiously, socially or eco- nomically? Did it retard progress? “If women had not gone what would have been the result? “The churches—were they better without women? Has their presence there been demoralizing? Have they bred discord? Have they readily en- tered into iniquitous and tricky plans? Have they been easily bought and sold? Are they costly elements in the churches? Would the churches like to dispense with their presence? “If women had not gone what would have been the result? “Schools—Have women students de- moralized such schools, colleges and universities as have admitted them? Has the standard been lowered and the curriculum made easier to suit their inferior capacities and to enable them to keep abreast with their class- mates themselves? This would be the more correct testimony in this mat- ter. The experiment is comparatively new and has been fraught with diffi- culties. We are willing to submit it to a twenty years' trial and then decide the results. “Where women are members of con- ventions. do they disturb or lower the tone of thought and action? We have no way of judging the future but by the past, and judging by the past, what are we to expect if women should come to Congress?” ‘The Republican Cenvention. The story of the Republican Con- vention of last month at which Ben Harrison received the nomination over John Sherman 1is full of un- written history. Few of the actors in the event are willing to say over | their signatures just how the nomi- nation came to be made. nor how Sherman, who was by far the strong- est candidate, was beaten. One o the most prominent Senators from the West, however, told me last night much of the inside story of the con- vention. When I asked if I could use his nsme in connection with it, he replied. “No, but you can ask Senator Sher- man whether he received the dis- patches I shall mention, and if he says that he did. it will be evidence to you of the truth of my story. First ask him whether on the Sunday be- fore Harrison was nominated he did not receive a telegram signed by Tom Platt and Warner Miller, saving that the New York delegation was going to cast their vote on thc morrow for him, and whether later on he did not receive another stating they were first going to give & complimentary vote to Harrison.” I asked Senator Sherman about these telegrams. He replied that he did receivs them and that he believed they were sent in good faith. Now for the Western Senator's story. Said he: “Senato: Sherman would certainly have been the Republican nominee if New York had not docided to give a complimentary vote to Harrison on Monday. This vote was made more as a compromise than with the serious | intention of electing Harrison the candidate. Three of the four dele- gates at large from New York favored the choice of Sherman. To placate the fourth, the complimentary vote was agreed upon, with the under- standing that after this one vote the delegation was to be counted as sol- idly for Sherman. This would have resulted in his nomination. “On this ballot, however, Harrison received extra votes from certain of the other delegations, which were swung his way by less successful candidates. But it was the New York complimentary vote that turned the scale. By.it he was nominated, much | to the surprise of every one, including at least three of the New York dele- gates.” President Harrison. I saw President Harrison walking with a friend on Connecticut avenue last Sunday. He wore a plain black overcoat buttoned tightly around his rather rotund {orm, a pair of brown kid gloves, which fitted remarkably well, and a new and shining black silk tie. He chatted with his friend as he walked, and there was nothing either about his appearance or the | notice taken of him by the other promenaders to show that he was President of the greatest republic on the globe. President Harrison in his everyday habits is showing himself more dem- ocratic than any of his predecessors of the past decade. Arthur was sel- dom seen on the streets save in his carriage or on horseback, and all the walking that President Cleveland did was in the country about Oak View, | or in the back yard of the White House. President Harrison's grandfather was one of the most noted walkers among the past Presidents. He did his own marketing, getting up early and trotting out, often without an over- coat to protect his slender frame, to get chops and steaks for his White House breakfast. Of late years the etiquette of presidential life has rap- idly changed. The President grows Their ideas differ lndl rs Ago. bigger as his office grows older, and his being is now wrapped round with red tape from great toe to crown ( Speaking of pedestrians, George | Bancroft, the historian, has stopped riding horseback and has taken to walking. He walks with a firm step in spite of his great age, and although he is always accompaned by his valet, he receives no support from his arm | Bancroft was a great friend of the Emperor William of Germany, and it | may be that he has adopted the vi- | zored cap which he affects, from the German army in deference to him. He wears it with the vizor pulled well down over his eyes as he goes about | the streets of Washington, as chipper | as a boy. He has practically given up his literary work, and though he still plays at writing he accomplishes little, Private Secretaries ‘This is the age of the private secre- ary. Every public man here at Wash- ington now requires one or more of these watchdogs to protect him from the public; the richer the man and the higher his position. the more careful are the watchers placed around him President Harrison is guarded by mes- sengers and secretaries at every point, while each cabinet minister has a mes- senger sitting before the front door of his office, and a secretary or two through whose hands the visitors have |to pass before they get to the great ones within. It is the same with regard to letters. These men receive thousands of let- ters a month, all of which have to pass the argus eves of the private sec- retar If the letters are important, they reach their destination: if the are foolish, cranky, or impudent. they are thrown away. President Harri- son’s mail contains at least 300 letters a day, or more than 2.000 a week and over 100,000 a year. Some of the let- ters received by the President are funny; some so witty that they com- mand an answer and so are saved from the jaws of the demon waste- basket. Mr. Peixotto. A black-eyed little boy in glasses with a smooth face and pleasa was introduced to me today lobbies of the House as Mr. As T heard the name, I took a second look at him, and I found him not a boy but a man. He is one of the brightest young artists of America, and he has already won his palms His was the first painting of Cardinal Manning in his pontifical robes, and his portraits of the card one of which was for St. Charles’ College and the other for St. Thomas' Seminary at Hammersmith, were the talk of artistic London a short time ago. He is now engaged here on a portrait of Judge White. the painting being done in the Chief Justice's home. Mr. Peixotto has almost daily sittings with him, and the work is in a fair way to completion. Mr. Corcoran intends to have it exhibited. when finished, in the Corcoran Art Gallery, and though the painting has been ordered by Judge White himself may be that will eventu: find its way into the Capitol Washington Car Lines, New railroads are being built out from Washington in every direction Three new electric lines are being constructed and the rails are alreadv down between the Trea and the Patent Office of the new G street line, over which cars will be running ! by January 1, 1890. The business part of Washington is changing. A few years ago all of the chief business houses were on Pennsylvania avenue. Now F street property is the most valuable in the city. John W. Thomp- son, Washington’s millionaire banker, bought. last Spring, the corner of F and Thirteenth streets, just below the Ebbitt House, paying $225.000 for it This was considered, at the time, an immense price, but when Mr. Thomp- son came back from his Summer in Europe a few days ago, he soid his property for $350.000. making $1 000 off it in six months’ time. | The G street railroad has made a great boom in G street property, and that thoroughfare will soon be as busy |as F street is now. The owners of residences along it have grown rich and houses which three years ago were worth $5.000 are now wor:a $25,000. Gen. Denver, the man for whom the city of Denver is named, tells me his landlady was offered the other dav $54.000 for a house which she had | bought for $4,000, and there is a Negro woman who owned & little $5,000 property on F street who has made $75000 on it. Ex-Senator Buckalew of Pennsvlvania and Gen Denver were chatting together last night of the wonderful growth of | Washington and of its elements of | prosperity. | “The people outside of Washing- | ton.” said Gen. Denver, “can't under- | stand it. They say the town has no | manufactures, no water front and no | commerce, and they can't see any- thing to make it grow. As a matter | of fact, Washington has the biggest factories in the United States, with the best paid hands. There is the Treasury factory with its 3.000 em- ployes receiving an average of about $1,000 & year. There is the Interior Department, which has 3,000 or 4,000 more high-priced hands. And there is the Pension Office, the War De- partment and the dozen of other governmental institutions which must | Increase in size and which distribu millions of dollars here every month." | *“Yes." said Senator Buckalew, “and there is Congress with its 400 men getting $5000 salaries and spending more than $5,000 a year here on the average. There are ‘the thousand-odd people who hang around Congress wanting to get something out of it and there are the nabobs who are }mminz here from all parts of the | country for their Winter residence and spending here the income of their great fortunes. There are millions | of dollars spent every year in a social | way. Washington has, I believe, the | best elements of growth of any city | of its size in the land.” |~ “Besides,” said Gen. Denver, “the | transient element of Washington brings a great deal to the city. Every | inauguration brings 100,000 strangers. in is a mighty close calculator who | can pass through the Capital with- out spending at least $20 on the way. Washington thus gets $2.000.000 out of every inauguration, or on the aver- | age $500,000 a year from this source | alone, and it has conventions of all sorts from week to week, year in and year out. Today it is the dentists, tomorrow the undertakers and next | day some branch of scientists. It is a city of low taxation, of fair tax- ation, and it will be a mecca of the | capitalist for years to come.” Chivalry. Prom the Plint (Mich.) Journal “Chivalry was at its height from 1100 AD. to 1400 AD.” And many & woman today says it hasn't been heard of since. l