Evening Star Newspaper, April 28, 1935, Page 34

D2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. €, APRIL 28, 1935—PART TWO. e e e ——————————————— e e eee———— s ———————————— S o S Housekeeping THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Editien. WASHINGTON, D. C SUNDAY.. THEODORE W. NOYES. .. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company | Business Office i1th St. and Pennsylvania Ave New York Office: 110 East 42nd 8t Chicago Office: Lake Michigan Buildi European Office: 14 Recent St.. London. England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. exular Edition. The Evenine ‘R ‘43¢ per month The Evening and (when 4 Sundav The Evening and, S Cenen' § 2 The Sinaay ‘Star: Nicht Final Nieht Pinal and Sunday Sta Night Final Star %7 65¢ per month Collection ‘made “at {he end of each month - Orders mas be sent by mail or Telephone National 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datly and Sunday, .1 vr.. $10.00; 1 mo.. R8¢ Dailv only J1yr 860011 mo. S0c Sunday only. . 1 $400: 1 mo. 40¢ All Other States and Canada. Daily and Sunday.1 yr., $12.00; 1 mo., $1.00 Daily only. . yr. $8.00:1mo. 75¢ Svnday only. $5.00: 1 mo.. 50c Member of the Associated Press. Tie Associated Press is exclusively e titled to the use for republication of news dispatches credited to it or not othes ar 800 per month 5¢_per month -5¢ per €opY 5) unday St s) on. 70c per month Sty wise credite local news published herein. Al rights of vublication of special dispatches herein are aiso reserved. Unemployment Insurance Plans. The Ellenbogen unemployment in- gurance bill for the District is now | on the House calendar, having been reported without change from the District Committee the House passed the national social security measure. In its present form the bill s more drastic in its tax provisions, and more liberal in its unemployment benefiits, than any State laws so far enacted. .Its final form, of course, will be decided by the House and by the Senate, the latter having not yet begun its con- sideration in committee. At the beginning of this year there were forty-four State Legislatures in sessicn and it is probable that most of them were in the mood to enact unemployment insurance measures. Some eighty bills were introduced in the States. But the delay in Con- gress over enactment of the national legislation—which the State measures are to supplement—and the uncer- tainty which still exists as to the final form of this national legislation has apparently cooled the ardor of the States. About twenty Legislatures have adjourned. Only three States have enacted unemployment insur- ance laws, and in two of these—Wash- ington and Utah—the local laws will not become effective until the na- tional legislation is enacted. New York has enacted a law which will function regardless of national leg- islation. ~ Wisconsin, the pioneer State in passing such legislation, finds ijtself with a law on the statute books which is not recognized—as to eligibility of the State to Federal tax credits—by the National Government The Senate, of course, may change that In relation to the four State laws, the District bill, as reported, is the ooly one which demands a contribu- tion from the local government, in addition to the local three per cent pay roll tax levied on employers and the Federal pay roll tax—which be- gins in 1936 at one per cent and in- creases to three per cent in 1938— also levied on employers. The unem- ployment benefits under the District bill run to twenty-six weeks, whereas the benefits in the State laws so far enacted reach & maximum of from ten to sixteen weeks. While the Dis- trict bill conforms to the national Jegislation in its present form auad to the State laws in Utah, New York and Wisconsin as far as the principle of contributions by employer only is concerned, the Washington State law provides for contributions by both employe and employer, in line with practice in European countries and in accordance with considerable expert | opinion. The District bill has been framed by the national authorities who hope to see a model local law fuactioning in a laboratory free from the occa- sionally hampering manifestations of mere taxpayers. higher taxation than the State laws, because its provisions are more ex-| pensive. But it should be modified, certainly to the extent of eliminating the unique provision which calls for a contribution from the general tax | funds of the District in addition to the contribution from employers in the form of pay roll taxes, e In a new deal the element of luck must. be scientifically considered. Just now the man who owns a silver mine holds an automatic advantage corre- sponding to that of the poker player who sits to the left of the dealer. R Daylight Saving. Washington will not be affected directly, but a considerable number of other American cities will embark on the annual adventure of daylight saving today. The subject is one upon which thousands have passion- ate prejudices. Those who approve of the device are violent in their de- fense of it; those who disapprove are even more vehement. The idea itself, it seems, frequently is lost in the welter of controversy. But it is a reasonably good notion, nonetheless. In Spring and Summer the early portion of the day is pleas- ant and congenial enough to be its own justification. For centuries it was an ordinary custom to rise with the sun, and no one was excited about it. Modern systems of illumi- nation interfered by making the eve- ning too attractive—people cultivated the habit of going to bed later than had been the rule with their an- cestors, and naturally they also de- veloped a desire to sleep longer in the morning. Now in places Where daylight saving prevails they feel cheated or tricked when the alarm clock indicates seven and they realize that it is only six. The World War provided oppor- tunity for an emergency trial of the plan in Great Britain, Prance. Italy, Portugal, Denmark, %rmnny and the .April 28, 1935 | d fn this paper and also the | last week after It levies relatively | United States, but in none of these countries was it pniversally popular. Its principal sponsor, William Willett, died in 1915, convinced that the only thing wrong with it was the stolidity of an international public which ap- plauds progress and yet distrusts reform. The difficulty, then as at present, was psychological in charlc-} ter, and for its correction time and experience are required. Possibly it would help if the multitudes were to remember that Benjamin Franklin was an advocate of such a change. America's premier philosopher, he ardently believed that: Early to bed and early to rise Makes & man healthy, wealthy and wise. —.e—t Building Up the Navy. ‘The House has voted overwhelm- ingly, to build up the American Navy to treaty strength. There is to be no more of the hesitation and dis- inclination to build vessels deemed | necessary for the national defense | characteristic of congressional and | | administration dealings with the Navy | during the last dozen years. It is| expected that the Senate will follow interpreted as an appeal to Hitler's people over the heads of their gov- ernment. This is the language in which he seeks to open the eyes of Germans to the true staie of affairs beyond their borders: The most secure nation in the whole of Europe, until it aroused sus- picion”and fears against itself, was Germany. German people who be- lieve the stories of encirclement can- not help recognizing that their latest policy of military expansion, together with the circumstances of its declar- ation—an army greater than that, of any other nation in Europe, an air force already declared to equal ours and a fleet that would be equal to the French and superior to the Italian —must rouse fear and unsettlement in the mind of every nation at which Germany can strike and inevitably force the sound, pacific idea of gen- eral collective security into a danger- ous form of military alliances. Mr. MacDonald tells the German people that they are “asking far too much of those who understand them | best and sympathize with them most when they claim that both their ob- ject and methods should be accepted without a tremor of fear or a shadow of suspicion.” The prime minister roundly declares that Germany's re- Jection of suggestions for security the lead of the House and that the administration’s plans for bringing the | strength of the Navy to a point where it will be second to none will be| approved. America is not planning wars. It is | not looking ahead to aggressions upon | foreign territory. It is merely intent | upon placing itself in a condition of | defense. If there is to be war in which the United States is not pri- marily involved—as there was in 1914—no step could be taken which would make it more easy to avoid | being drawn into war than the de- | velopment of an adequate and strong | | Navy. The naval appropriation bill which has just passed the House calls for & total expenditure during the coming fiscal year of $457,805,261. This is an increase of nearly $150,000,000 over the appropriations for the current year, although nearly $30,000,000 less | than the sum recommended in the | budget. The items in the bill are de- | signed to build up both the number of | vessels and the personnel of the Navy. The measure authorizes the construc- tion of twenty-four new vessels, which' include one aircraft carrier, two light cruisers, three destroyers over 1500 tons, twelve destroyers not over 1,500 tons and six submarines. The sum appropriated for commencing this new building is $29,380,000, or one-half of | the amount recommended in tne bud- | get. The Navy, however, will have a total of $208,000,000 available for ex- | penditure on ship construction during 1936, of which the much greater part is for the continuation of construction | already authorized and begun. | The Naval Affairs Committee of the | House, in reporting the bill, expressed a hope that the projected naval ]lmi-; | tation conference during the coming | vear would find it possible to agree on | some further limitation of tonnage. For that reason, it was explained, the committee cut the initial appropriation | recommended for new building. | Nevertheless, the administration is | given a free hand to go ahead with | | this new construction if it deems wise. |A supplemental appropriation would be necessary early in the next session | of Congress. ‘The plans for upbuilding the Navy‘ | include 555 new airplanes and an ad- | | dition to personnel of 11,677 officers | |and men. Each Senator and Repre- | | sentative has four appointments to | }the Naval Academy instead of three, | as at present. The appropriations for | airplanes indicate clearly that the air | | defenses are to be materially strength- | ened. Of the 555 planes to be ob- tained, 282 are to replace losses in- cident to crashes and old age during the fiscal year 1937, and 273 are to be added to the 1,193 now on hand and in sight out of available funds. The plans contemplate the attainment of 2,000 planes by 1940-42. How backward the United States was in building up its Navy since the Washington naval limitation treaty in 1922, up to and including the year of the London Treaty, 1930, is clearly shown when it is pointed out that during that period America | laid down only 21 vessels, while Great Britain was laying down 86 and ' Japan 125. Work is now under way on 41 vessels for the Navy, authorized more recently. The United States set out to lead the world by example into the camp of arms limitation. However laudable the purpose, it has proved & futile policy. It has necessi- tated a greater building program to- day and greater appropriations than if there had been an orderly and reg- ular program for a treaty Navy. e The difference between individual and mass is {llustrated by the fact that each member of a brain trust may be personally popular, while the findings of combined intelligence may be under merciless criticism. R ‘The man who has a job, who knows his job and tries conscientiously to attend to it is entitled to some con- sideration that will rescue him from the economic status of “forgotten man.” B MacDonald Indicts Hitler. In the current issue of the fort- nightly news letter which Prime Mirni- ister Ramsay MacDonald addresses to his personal following of thirteen members of the House of Commons Nazi Germany is subjected to an in- dictment of her aggressive military policy hardly less scathing than the one voted at Geneva earlier this month. It is the more significant because Mr. MacDonald typifies that school of British official thought which has held that a conciliatory | attitude toward the Reich migry per- suade Hitler to return to the League and join in European pacification. Mr. MacDonald now says that Ger- many has destroyed the feeling of mutual confidence, instilled new fears in the minds of nations, broken up the road to peace and “beset it with ambushes.” ‘The prime mlnm’r'c statement is | Mr. | “1 cannot get a ripple i is coming from. and the ominous revelation of her ultimate intentions “overcast with | suspicion the pledges she has been | giving of a desire to assure peace in Europe.” | Despite Germany's method of “go- | ing her own way and damning the | consequences,” Mr. MacDonald indi- cates that the door to co-operation is still open. He calls upon the Ger- man people to make of themselves | “valued colleagues in -pencemnkmg.l instead of uncertain suspected ob- servers.” If the Nazi censorship permitted MacDonald’s straight talk to| | reach the German people, it might serve its intended purpose. But IDEALS AND LIFE BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. Can we survive individually or corporately without religious ideals? This is the primary and pertinent question of the hour. Up to the pres- ent we have assumed that funda- mentally as & people we were upon a religious foundation, and it is only within recent years that this assump- tion has been challenged. In all our concepts of individual and corporate practice a religious basis is implied. Wherever men in public life by word or act have denied this, they have lost public favor and their decline has been swift and certain. Such religious principles as the “Golden Rule” and those set forth in the Ten Command- ments have occupied & conspicuous and integral place in our life, It is interesting and significant to note that some of our outstanding publicists and educators are beginning to appralse the causes of our present confusion and are tracing them to the decay of moral and spiritual ideais. Recently, Dr. Angell, president of ‘Yale University, in & notable address, declared that “Only when and if there be an essentially ethical and re- ligious attitude introduced into the convictions of the great mass of the population can there be that generous and whole-hearted co-operation which can alone guarantee continuing proc- ess, even in the face of shifting cir- cumstance.” He refers to the “accept- ance of a spiritual order of right- eousness as constituting an jntegral part of reality,” and maintains that “the ultimate values of life are re- flected in beauty, truth, righteous- ness and their kin,” and that all very close to the heart of true rcli- gion.” Continuing, Dr. Angel} said: “They are indigenous to the human social order, and in any effort to better that order they must be taken into full account. While hunger and destitution are insufferable in any age, it is still as true today as it was 1900 years ago that man does not live by bread alone. is too much to expect that Herr Goeb- | to bring peace and happiness into our bels would allow the circulation of | of exaltation in which the Hitlerized | state has its fevered being. vt As director of progress, Mr. Hop- kins has a title which may imply all kinds of powers which will require highly intelligent discrimination as | he chooses to assert them. Wedding of a rich girl to a rich boy, or vice versa, may prove a tem- porarily satisfactory romance, though not always reliable finance. Hitler has many admirers who wel- | come a system of education which requires mastery of only the word “heil.” — vt A precarious economic situation may be suspected when a man has to confide his voting intentions to the note teller of a small-time bank. —_— —ate—— Occasionally & problem arises which | needs more mathematicians and not s0 many rhetoricians. e SHOOTING STARS. | BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Humorless. “I have no sense of humor,” Says Hezekiah Bings. “As ultimate consumer I hear a lot of things. Of merriment so light From night clubs where they tipple And wind up in a fight. “I'd not find it funny When a blond and beauteous wife, With a disposition sunny, Plans to take a husband’s life. “I cannot chuckle gladly When a railroad lawyer great Says ‘We need grade crossings badly, For we must depopulate.’ “I shudder at each rumor Of peasants and of kings. I have no sense of humor,” Says Hezekiah Bings. Corner of Vantage. “Are you an optimist?"” “I am,” answered Senator Sorghum. “I think prosperity is just around the corner.” “Yet you seem worried.” . “I am afraid some enterprising | speculators are trying to monopolize the corper.” The Professional Life. Professions hold sway. There's a priesthood severe, As a wise matrimonial force. There's a doctor to care for a baby 50 dear, And a lawyer to get the divorce, A Sea of Troubles. “Is feminine influence increasing?” “It is,” answered Miss Cayenne. “A Kingfish is conspicuous, but I shouldn't be surprised to find at any moment that some mermaid has splashed in and crowded him out of the swim.” “I honor my ancestors,” said Hi Ho the sage of Chinatown, “yet I cannot believe implicitly in all the compli- mentary epitaphs on their tombstones.” Swaying Emotions, I sit in a secluded nook From which all joy is banished, Because somebody wrote a book To prove that hope is vanished. I look through volumes new and old For one that is contriving To have a weary public told That hope may be reviving. “One o’ my troubles,” sald Uncle Eben, “is de man dat gits appointed overseer ’‘cause he hasn’ got sense enough to do any regular work.” —————— The Modern Housewife. From the Grand Rapids Press. Any modern girl can learn to keep house if she has a good training in electrical engineering. The Guessers. From the Buffalo Courier-Express. Pity the Republican party, which never knows where its next President e The New Dust Economics. Prom the Macon (Ga.) Telegraph. | They lives which seeks this result through $ i | economic channels solely, is d®stined such doctrine amid the present state Vo detear Bishop of Washington, these are “children of the spirit and | Any effort | FREEMAN, D. D, LL, D,, D.C.L, ‘These are significant words. They are the profound convictions of the head of one of our greatest educa- tional institutions. It may be, and probably is, true that the practical | values of religion as applied to our socfal and economic practice have not been made as evident in our age as they should be. It may be that our practice has not squared with our pro- fession. Doubtless much of the tasy of our age is traceable to the | ure of the professed religionist to make his religious principles operative in his daily conduct and practice. Cer- tainly the time has come where we must fact the challenge presented in Dr. Angell's bold statement. It is be- coming increasingly evident that se- | curity and survival, whether of the in- | dividual or the body corporate, are | conditioned and determined by the | kind of ideals that we adhere to and practice. That Jesus Christ dealt with the immediate and pressing problems of life, that He sought by word and act to give to men . finer sense of their individual and corporate obliga- tions, is clearly evident. He lived in a real world, contended with weighty and pressing human problems and re- peatedly insisted that His mission was to give to men a finer, nobler and more wholesome philosophy of life. He dealt with the privileged and under- privileged, with the well and the sick, with the abused and with the favored. As a matter of fact, He came to His crucifixion because He dared to con- front and confound the faults and sel- | fish philosophies of His people. The“ ruling class destroyed Him because He | attacked their unwholesome and in- equitable systems. ‘We will not and we cannot survive | nor have the sense of security unless | along with our other efforts at reha- bilitation we freshly and definitely acknowledge our loyalty to those deep and eternal religious principles that constitute the very basis of our in- dividual and corporate happiness and peace. We do not believe that our youth in particular will follow any leader, however clever and adroit he may be, who lacks devotion and loyalty to deep moral principles and spiritual | ideals. 'Works Relief Program to Start Second Active Period in Life of the New Deal | BY OWEN L. SCOTT. President Roosevelt is preparing to set under way a second active period [in the life of the New Deal. This | one—backed by $4.000.000.000 of spending money—will seek to profit by the mistakes that brought such an abrupt end to the first. Signs of the new offensive are | numerous In Washington. The Presi- dent is hard at work on plans to | start the new billions to work. His | objective is to show returns for every dollar spent. Leading New Dealers are being shifted about. Depart- ments that have functioned in low gear for some months are suddenly taking on new life. Cabinet members have taken to the stump to fight back at their detractors. All in all, the lethargy of recent months is giving way o aggressiveness, This turn had long been awaited. President Roosevelt and his admin- istration have been on the defensive most of the time since last January. lost the ball to Huey Long and other panacea peddlers and are having a hard time getting it back. Congress seemed to get out of hand That, in turn, could be traced back to a widespread change in public sentiment. * % ox x For a time the New Deal was in- clined to scoff at doubters. Recently, however, reports from the country Farley, Postmaster General and chair- man of the Democratic National Com- mittee, to admit to friends that some- thing needed to be done. The at- titude of revolt in Congress was found to be symptomatic of a similar atti- tude among voters who had been friendly as recently as last Novem- ber. Two things now are counted on to change that picture. They are: First, the start of new large-scale Federal spending on a basis calcu lated to have maximum effect both on the pocketbooks of business men and the spirits of the unemployed. Second, a normal rise in business activity and employment following what is expected to be a brief slump at the moment. longer believes that recovery can come through Government action. It de- pends on private industry to carry that load and expects that work relief will simply help it along. * ok ok x A sign of what lies shead can be read from the present shifts in per- sonalities and policies. Frank C. Walker returns to a key position. What does that mean? Simply that Mr. Roosevelt has picked a most trusted aide, and one highly on all future requests for Federal money. Mr. Walker is in a position to see that funds from the $4,000,000- 000 works pool go to the spots where they will do the most good, both and of politics. Harry Hopkins is given the task of spent. Has that significance? Just this: Federal Relief Administrator Hopkins and his chief assistant, Cor= rington Gill, know how to get results. ‘They are little bothered by red tape. Delays which have characterized some are expected to be avoided when the new program gets into full swing. The objective is to work up to a spending peak next Winter. Harold Ickes apparently is to have a somewhat smaller part in the new- est spending venture. The meaning? Mr. Ickes, as administrator of public works, with $3,300,000,000 to spend, has smaller than expected results to show. His chief objective has been to spend that money without a single scandal. To accomplish this objec- tive a spy organization was built up that caused more than a little New Deal embsrrassment. * K ok K Dr. Rexford Guy Tugwell comes back into his own. Dr. Tugwell will have many millions of dollars at his disposal to start rebuilding agricul- ture according to & new pattern. As the leading New Deal intellectual, he will continue to hold office as Under- secretary of Agriculture. This recog- nition means that the ups and downs of life as a brain truster have left Dr. Tugwell's standing unimpaired at_the White House. Donald R. Richberg, until now the President’s co-ordinator and chief adviser, slips back Into the wings to devote himself to saving N. R. A. Has that importance? Very decidedly. It shows how desperate is the plight of the Blue Eagle, which not so long ago was to pull the country out of the depression. Also, it shows that Mr. Richberg, badly nicked by the attacks made on him by labor leaders and by Gen. Hugh Johnson, desires a chance Another question is, When a Kansas farm blows into Missouri, does the mortgage go with t‘? to evade the limelight, for a time at least. And, probably most impor- un;umauuummml were convincing enough to cause Jim | The New Deal no | skilled in the art of politics, to pass from the point of view of business seeing that much of the money is | spending activities of the Government | }slon that the effort on Mr. Ridh- berg's part to co-ordinate the New | Deal has broken down. | As Mr. Richberg slips back, Henry Morgenthau, jr, Secretary of the ! Treasury, moves up. His task is to raise the money that the Federal | Government spends and lends. Re- cently the Secretary of the Treasury has been playing a bigger and bigger part in the New Deal picture. He has expounded the President’s “share- our-wealth” plan, based on new in- heritance taxes to raise added funds if more money is needed to protect the national credit. He is standing out for scrupulous adherence to the | fear. | from lonely | who see their last dollar about to be New Deal budget. His hand is more | evident in Government affairs. | Another personality of ascending ‘ importance is Marriner S. Eccles, | governor of the Federal Reserve | Board. Mr. Eccles is maneuvering the administration effort to reorganize the Federal Reserve banking system 50 that the National Government will gain control over bank credit. His task is to bulwark the position of | Mr. Morgenthau. If the Federal credit ever should be questioned, with collapse theratened, the Eccles bank plan would offer the controls to take command of the situation. Joseph B. Kennedy takes his place in the ranks of leading New Deal- ers. As chairman of the Securities | and Exchange Commission. Mr. Ken- | nedy has the job of seeing that private | | industry gets credit to which it is | entitled from the investment mar- ket, without abusing the right to that | credit. Great importance is at- tached by officials to his recent suc- | cess in inducing large industrialists | to start refinancing their bonds on a lower interest basis. | i - xox ok | It is that line-up, captained by | Mr. Roosevelt himself, that is to at- tempt now to start the New Deal functioning aggressively again. What results are expected? First, a slow tempo from now until Summer. General business is faced | just now with a normal reaction that |is proving much less extensive than officials had expected. Trade vitality | | has been much stronger than business man sentiment. This is accepted by New Deal economists as a highly fa- | vorable sign. Second, & quickening pace in in-| | dustry to start in the Summer and to | | continue longer than any of the pre- | vious upward moves since the New | | Deal took office. Since March, 1933, there have been three periods of ris- | ing business activity, each about four | months in length, and two periods of | | declining activity of about five months each. and now a two-month period of leveling off. | Spending of the new $4,000.000.000 work relief fund is expected to start on a broad scale in July and ascend through the Fall to a January or Feb- ruary peak. ‘This money will be counted on to fit in with a normal recovery in in- | dustry, which will be accompanied with heavy industrial refinancing. The desired result is a push to pro- duction that will put the country over the depression hump and start it go- ing ahead normally. * X Xk *x ‘Then is the end of the unemploy- ment problem in sight, if this plan clicks? Not as leading New Dealers see it. They accept the thesis of Dr. Tugwell that industrial unemployment is a continuing problem that will need to be met by a “third economy.” This “third economy” involves a permanent program of large-scale public works along the lines of the present $4,000,000,000 works program. ‘The Government would assume a con- tinuing responsibility to give work to employable persons who have neither employment nor resources on which to live. How would this be paid for? Mr., Morgenthau has shown the New Deal hand on that subject. He recommended that if new expendi- tures are approved by Congress they should be accompanied by a new tax on inheritances. Under 'this plan, not only would estates be taxed, but the recipient of an inheritance would pay regular income tax rates against that inheritance. (Copyright, 1935.) England’s Cheerful Tone On Eve of the Jubilee BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, April 27.—Against the dark background of the European landscape, London in these days is assuming & cheerful and even festive air. Everywhere are evidences of the imminent celebration of the King’s silver jubilee. Never has the metropolis witnessed | ‘propaganda.’ | when completed, will such a plethora of processions as that with which it is threatened in the next two months. In nwt-um for all these jubi- Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. ‘While the $457,786,261 naval appro- priation bill was under consideration in the House last week, Representa- tive Glover H. Cary of Kentucky, in charge of the bill, had sitting beside him a young man who knows more about naval appropriations than any man in Congress, because it has been his special and intensive job for more than 25 years, John C. Pugh, first assistant clerk of the House Com- mittee on Appropriations. This young man has a notable dis- tinction. which can be duplicatea by no one else. Nearly a guarter of a cen- tury ago he used to appear with the present President of the United States, when the latter was Assistant Secre- tary of the Navy, to present the Navy's | appropriation needs and justifications therefor, betore the committee of which he is now clerk. He formerly was in charge of the naval budget in the office of the Secretary of the Navy. He has served both the Naval Af- fairs (legislative) Committees of the Senate and House—with Representa- tive George P. Darrow of Pennsylvania the only present member of the House Legislative Committee, and Chairman Buchanan the only member of ‘ the Appropriation Committee, who were there when Pugh began his clerk- ships. He has been identified with naval matters on Capitol Hill since 1913, when the late Senator Ben Tillman of South Carolina, familiarly known as “Pitchfork Ben,” succeeded to the chairmanship of the Senate Naval Committee. Secretary Daniels of the Navy Department permitted Pugh to ssist the Senate Naval Committe in its appropriation bill work. This as- sistance was continued under Senator Swanson, the present Secretary of the Navy, who succeeded Senator Tillman as committee chairman. ‘When the Republicans gained con- trol of the House in 1919, Pugh was similarly detalled to assist the late Representative (“Uncle Tom") Butler, who became chairman of the House Committee on Naval Affairs. Immediately following the enact- ment of the budget and accounting act, resulting in the concentration of all appropriation measures in the Committee on Appropriations, Pugh resigned his position in the Navy De- partment to accept the tender of the position he now holds. * How the American form of self- government can best be preserved by the individuals writing to their rep- resentatives in Congress and telling them just how they feel about pend- ing legislation is emphasized by Rep- | resentative Jennings Randolph, Dem- ocrat, of West Virginia. *“The enor- mous amount of mail arriving in Washington when Congress is in ses- | sion has become larger than ever in recent weeks,” he points out. “Hun- | dreds of thousands of letters have been received by Senators and Rep- resentatives protesting against the en- | actment of some particular bill—such as the public utilities holding bill. “These letters are a product of They come, in many instances, nd despairing people taken from them by Government fiat. Sometimes these letters are called Most often they are personal, spontaneous and sometimes heart-breaking protests, “This expression of public opinion, or of individual opinion, is an un- questioned right of each American. It is the duty of members of Congress to what the people have to say. I, for | one, will oppose to the last breath dous weij the effort on the part of any one to curtail the right of the citizen of the United States to send letters to his Government representatives in regard to legislation which affects the way he lives.” lations, the thoroughfares through which the processions will pass are taking on as much of the aspect of a woodland city as pitch pine and the labors of infinite carpenters can give them. The fine processional avenue to Buckingham Palace from Charing Cross, with St. James' Park on one side and the Gardens of Carlton House | Terrace on the other, is now lined | with the skeletons of stands which, accommodate thousands of spectators. The dignity and repose of Pall Mall are distracted by the sounds of multitudinous hammers and the ac- | tivities of shirt-sleeved workmen en- gaged in throwing up wooden struc- tures in front of the palaces of club- land. And wherever the processions are announced to go, similar activi- ties are in progress. e el Nor are these crude evidences the only signs of coming events. Visitors to London from afar are crowding into London in readiness for the cele- bration, and the hotels are experi- encing a boom they have not en- joyed since the lean years of de- pression set in. Princes and their suites from India are coming “not single spies, but in battalions,” and representatives of foreign powers and ministers from far dominions are, in the words of Gilbert, “as plentiful as tabby cats” though not, as he adds, “in point of fact too many. In the case of Australia, even the Commonwealth Parliament has gone | into six months’ recess while the prime minister and other members of | the cabient are away paying their respects to the throne. In this in- stance there is, of course, a little business mixed with pleasure and loyalty, for Premier Lyons, like the representatives from New Zealand, is much concerned about the cuts in the | meat quotas from Australia and the tuture of the Ottawa policy. * X X X ‘There are head-shakings in some quarters and suggestions that this ebullition of loyalty is artificial and manufactured. I do not think that is the case. The people have been rather starved of these gayeties for years past and their affection for the King and Queen is quite sincere and, I should say, more universal and cer- tainly more intelligently based than ever before. ‘There is a profound feel- ing that the King’s good sense, tried in circumstances more difficult than those which have faced any sovereign in history, has established the throne on a sounder constitutional basis than at any time in the past and has ad- justed the system with perfect success to the startlingly changed conditions of political life. No doubt these jubilee activities are partly responsible for the encouraging outlook of the trade and finance of the country. Chancelior Chamber- lain’s new budget, while it offers little relief to the terrific burdens of the taxpayer, shows that the flnancial position is extraordinarily stable, and the remarkable increase in employ- ment last month suggests that the fears that the revival of trade had run its course and that a reaction had set in were at least premature. The prospect of a really cheerful Summer has turned speculation in the direction of an early appeal to the country. There is a very general im- pression that Ramsay MacDonald ccatemplates retirement from the premiership when the jubilee celebra- tions are over, and a reconstructed government would probably be dis- posed to take advantage of the favor- able atmosphere to go to the polls this Autumn rather than to risk de- laying until the Spring. é (Copyright. 19380 BY FREDERIC J. HASK One of the biggest housekeeping jobs at the National Capital is car- ried on at the Capitol Building itself, the huge structure which houses the Senate and House of Representatives and, until this year, the Supreme Court of the United States. The housekeeper of the Capitol is David Lynn. He has the more imposing title of architect of the Capitol and is one of a long line of distinguished men who have held that position. Such great architecis as Dr. Wil- liam Thornton, Benjamin Latrobe, James Hoban and Thomas U. Walter have held the position, each contribu- | ting something of his genius to the | imposing edifice. In the earlier days of the Republic, the task of the archi- | tect of the Capitol was a construction | task. The designing and supervising | of the structure continued oversmore :than one generation, for the Capitol |is a growth covering years. ‘The Capitol may be regarded as | complete, so far as its general size and form are concerned, but, while housekeeping may surfacely appear | to be the chief task of the architect of today, that statement is far from true. So huge is the building that | there is constantly some structural | work to be performed either by way of repair or replacement or the mak- ing of alterations to rooms. And, recently, pretentious new plans for the enlargement of the structure, without altering its general appear- ance, have been drawn and probably will soon be carried into effect But the housekeeping in itself is no small task. Perhaps it might seem indecorous to refer to the Senators and Representatives in Congress as old ladies, but, in a sense, it would not be far from the truth to say that they | bear, in their relation to the archi- | tect of the Capitol, something of the | same relation that a dowager house- wife bears to her housekeeper. For | each has a voice in what shall be | done at the Capitol. It may not | be & controlling voice but the sug- | gestion of each has to be attentively | listened to. The housekeeper who | | must listen to the suggestions and, :perhaps. orders of some 500 mis- tresses must be efficient, patient and have about every other virtue. Rearranging Statuarv Hall. | During the last year the Capitol | housekeeper carried out about as diffi- cult a job as could be imagined. Every one knows what is likely to hap- | pen when some one in a household de- | cides that the furniture ought to be rearranged. Every member of the family usually has his own ideas as | to where this thing should go and | where that. Consider then the plight | of the housekeeper of the Capitol | when it was decided to rearrange what a good many people would regard as the most important furniture in the edifice! This furniture consists of the statues of the State heroes which have adorned Statuary Hall since the House | of Representatives vacated that apart- ment many years ago to move into its | own wing, newly completed. | There are supposed to be two statues | to represent each State. As each new | State was admitted to the Union it was entitled to bring in figures of two of its favorite sons. Even long after | some of the States had been edmitted, | their citizenry had been unable to make up their minds as to | marble or bronze representatives in | this hall of fame. But. year by year, | the hall filled up until it began to |in & democracy such as ours to listen | look much like a hotel lobby at con- vention time. Moreover, the tremen- ght of the figures—most of Small Industries Need Long Credit Facilities BY “;)EN COLFAX. While a loud chorus of small busi- ness voices, pleading for the extension of N. I. R. A., was reaching the Sen- ate committee inquiring into the N. | R. A. this week, the Secretary of Com- | merce made public a report on small industries submitted to him. after months of study, by the Business Ad- visory and Planning Council. The council strongly recommended that the Government offer financial facilities to small. sound industries, and urged that an immediate and de- tailed study of the entire subject be made by the Reconstruction Finance Corp.. the Federal Reserve Board and the Securities and Exchange Commis- sion. Secretary Roper has submitted this report through the Secretary of the Treasury to the heads of these | Federal agencies. Long-term credit facilities, the re- | port advises, are essential to the proper conduct of small industries. The need of these small industries, it would | seem, is more for investmaent purposes | than general credit. The survey covered more than 6.000 typical concerns in different parts of the country, of which some 71 per cent were classified as “borrowers,” the re- mainder being known as ‘‘non-bor- rowers” or concerns which have had no credit experience. Some 32 per cent of the total number reported credit difficulties. PR In general, the requirements of small industrial concerns which ap- parently cannot be satisfied from ror- mal sources are not so large as they appeared to be six months ago. Thf council is of the opinion that the credit needs of small industries are now | being more adequately met by com- mercial banks and other financial in- stitutions than they were last Sum- mer. There seems little doubt, the coun- cil believes, that a large number of the smaller manufacturing concerns | | to withstand the effects, at least in | part, of the long depression. They have done this through a rather sharp curtailment of their expenditures on equipment and repairs, but more so through the reduction to a hand-to- | mouth basis of inventories of raw ma- | terials, parts and supplies. Conse- quently, it would seem that existing equipment is wearing out at & rapid rate or becoming obsolete. Furthermore, the hand-to-mouth | policy of buying raw materials in very | limited quantities prevents many con- cerns from acquiring such necessities | at satisfactory prices. Both these fac- | tors, naturally, operate to increase | manufacturing costs and to reduce profits. The inability of the smaller concerns to modernize their machinery and equipment helps to explain the continued depression in many of the capital goods industries. * K K K 1t is clear, the report says, that the capital structure of American indus- try as a whole has been impaired by these and other factors, and the abil- ity of the smaller industrial concerns, in particular, to borrow from the banks for working capital purposes has been correspondingly lowered. In this connection, the council has been im- pressed by the fact that the bulk of the advances and commitments made by the Federal Reserve Banks have been for periods of more than a year. From a study of census figures, from surveys made by the Treasury Depart- ment (the Viner-Hardy report), and figures supplied by the Federal Reserve Banks and the Reconstruction Finance Corp., as well as from the testimony u‘mmw bankers and financiers, their | throughout the country have been able | at the Capitol N. which are of heroic size—was begin- ning to threaten the tension of the floor. So a concurrent resolution, passed by the 500 mistresses of the Capitol housekeeper, directed that | other standing room be found for one of any two State heroes occupying | space in Statuary Hall. | It was quite a job, especially as some of these gentlemen weigh a ton | or more, to shepherd them safely to | other quarters. And, nect long after | the thing started, in came Hannibal | Hamlin from Maine and Caesar Rod- | ney and John M. Clayton from Dela- | ware, looking for parking space from now on. All of these arrangements had to be carried out by the house- keeper of the Capitol with tact and diplomacy, due attention being given as to which hero should be left in Statuary Hall and which should be led out to stand in a draughty cor- ridor. In addition to the heroic statues of the State representatives, there are a great many busts of Presidents of | the Senate, Speakers of the House, | Presidents of the United States, Jus- | tices of the Supreme Court and other dignitaries which occupy niches in the Carpitol walls. These must be | tenderly cared for by the Capitol housekeeper, dusted and all that. Duties and Cares Are Manifold. | A more important care probably is | that of the paintings. There are hun- dreds of paintings of high artistic value and of higher historic worth adorning the walls of the Capitol. Every tourist to Washington stands before the great canvases on the walls of the rotunda and these huge paint- ings have become principal lares and penates of the Capitol. They must be periodically washed and, occasion- ally, restored. This all comes under the responsibility of the architect. Powell’s “Discovery of the Mississippi,” Chapman’s “Baptism of Pocahontas.” and Weir's “Embarkation of the Pil- grims” were the last ones to be cleaned and that was back in 1883. For the last 10 years all of these great paint- irgs have been undergoing cleaning and restoration and the work is due 10 be completed this year. In addition to these matters, there are a thousand other details of house cleaning and maintenance. There are the elevators, for instance, the cebles of which must be overhauled irequently, lest one fall with some portly statesman or become jammed vetween floors containing the making of a quorum. The elaborate heating system of this vast rambling struc- ture must be maintained. The win~ cows must be washed, the floors cleaned. and. as a relatively new worry, the air-conditioning system kept in perfect shape. It takes three shifts of men to keep the heating ventilating systems going. the Capitol proper is but & the responsibilities of the t of the Capitol. He oversees preme Court Building, a struc- ttre of enormous size: the Senate and House Office Buildings. the Library of Congress. the Botanic Gardens—now occupying a new $l. 00.000 structure. the District of Co- lumbia Court House, the Columbia Hospital and the Court of Claims, Mr. Lynn, as housekeeper, has the belp of some 800 assistants from arch- itects, artists and engineers to porters and charwomen and, during the ses- slons, utilizes the services of some 300 temporary workers. He has an expense account for all this work of scores of thousands of doliars but, vith all of these advantages, his task is not an enviable one. Fifg' Years Ago In The Star A plan for a new, large hotel in Washington led to the following com- ment in The Star of April 23, 1885: | Washington's "Ir‘ the mie;t ;{ erecting a new hof Hotel Need. on McPherson Square be carried cut, the plans ought to be so drawn and the building so con- structed as to contemplate the final absorption of all the ground in the block between Vermont ave- nue and Fifteenth and H and I streets, for that would be required in the end. What Washington needs more than any one thing is an im- mense and luxurious Winter hotel, something like the Palace Hotel of San Francisco, or those of Saratoga, | adapted for the season. and it is | douktful if a better place can be | found for it than the site named. | Properly managed, such an establish- ment could be run at a handsome profit for at least eight months of | the year, and besides that it would be of the greatest advantage to the city in the number of money spend- ing visitors and especially of families and family parties it would draw and keep here during the Fall, Winter and Spring months, and who do not come now for the sole reason that they find more desirable hotel accom- | modations elsewhere. With a hotel of | the class described, Washington v.ould speedily become and forever re- main the great Winter resort of the country, as it is now the most de- | sirable and attractive city in the | United States in other respects.” - * % Washington had a parking problem 50 years ago but not of just the same Carriage character as that of to- day. The Star of April Stands. 24 1885, says: “Doubtless had what seemed to them good reasons for preserib- ing that one and two horse ve- hicles shall occupy different stands | throughout the ~city, but it 1is not easy for the public to understand why a limited number of each class might not occupy the same stand to gether. As the several positions desig- nated for public vehicles are intended for the convenience of the public as well as for the benefit of carriage end cab owners and drivers, it would seem to be only reasonable to allow the arrangement of the two classes to be determined by the law of de- mand. It does not follow that those 1esiding near the stands designated for two-horse carriages have use for only that style of conveyance; nor on the other hand ought those living in the neighborhocd of the one-horse stations be required to go long dis- tances to find a two-horse vehicle when one is needed. In other words, this would seem to be a case where a common tenancy would be a com- mon accommodation.” the council reminds us that the need for long-time capital on the part of smaller industries has been difficult to meet for a long time, and is still far from easy. However, since small industry plays a very important part in the economic life of the Nation, and since its ac- tivities contribute so much to those of the larger plants, the council is of the opinion that it is the part of wisdom to provide the smaller, sound industrial concerns with the long-term credit facilities they require. This { would make for safer commercial banking as well as for cheaper and better financing for industry as & ‘whole. (Copyright. 1935.) d the Com- missioners | q