Evening Star Newspaper, December 4, 1934, Page 8

A—S8 THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTON.D.C TUESDAY....December 4, 1934 THEODORE W. NOYES. .Editor The Evening Star Bis 11th S Newsp New ce N Chicago Office ake N\ wan Brild.ng European Oftice K « Loudon. Rate by Carrier W The Evenin S ~.65¢ per my ‘The Sundav & wope Nicht Final Edition, r. i0c per month o BC e i [ be sent by mail ot telephone NAtional s0u0 Rate by Mail—Payable in Adv M i and and v stou L Other d Sunda States and Canada R s h <1 Member of the Associated Press. Spending and Financing Plans. The Presider Springs are appa s conferences at Warm advisers in the work- principal being devoted main, to discussi { the new relief p shich he is expected to ask congr the nest session. turns to Wasl the week he will have a litt] ns for ssional approval at When the President re- less than a month in which to incorporate these i plans in annual budset and in state of the Nation ably touch on the plans in by his annual message on the He will precum- h mes- sages, for they concern financing budget. 1 new legislation to supplant or to son- tinue the Put Works Administration ‘There has been increasing discussion its effect on the ether witl of the desirability of & change in the | relief system, Toke asional statements have represc hi asis than ministration’s as views on re ever is to be financed wo cf. more emp! ed on Government as the alternative doles under Adm the latter ca continuing the the Federal Emer istration, although of course. be a than ever to program. with esti running high correspondents ed AS making the sig observation that the first allotment of $2.300.000,- 000 for public fell of anticipations so much of was diverted to other purposes, such as the ship-building prozram for the Navy. In speuking available for public was quoted as saying, expect sums 1k svstem of ency Relief not wdoned a more strongly inclined a greater public pates of the cost into the billions. The rday quos him liticant works hort because of works, the money Mr. Ickes “You couldn’t that to do the job we had planned for.” pointing out that there was not enough money avail- able, with too much uncertainty about the continuity of program. Mr. Ickes spoke again yesterday of the desirability a low-cost, slum clearance program which, he said, could be under way in sixty days atter authorization. He revealed that his lawyers are working on a statute, the effect of which would be to pay damages for land confiscated for Gov- ernment use ulter taking of the the public works of and not before, the land. of land has been the retarding factor in the slum-clearance work already undertaken. He sug- gested that special taves might resorted to in the financing of siuch projects as widespread grade-crossing elimination, Discussion of new spending pro- grams, of course, should and doubtles will be accompanied by plans for financing. Business groups, such as the Chamber of Commerce and the National of turers, continue to stress stability in public finance, including budget-bal- ancing, as one of the keystones of re- covery. The Treasury's December financing will increase the public debt, which reached the highest mark on record - $25.701.487.919 - at the end of November, by about $£900 000,000 In its program, just nounced, the National Associaiion of Manufacturers declsres that “stability cannot be achieved, recovery cannot be attained. by piling deficit on deficit and pyramiding new debts on old.” Along with whatever new recovery plans, or relief plans, presents Acquisition chief also be Association Manufac- recovery to Congress, equal will attach to his discussion of Gov- ernment financicg in relation to emergency spending. Senator Harri- son and others have discounted the possibility new revenue-raising legislation at the next se: In its absence, what is to be the proposed alternative? of ion. . —— It will take ten months for the glass melted at Corning, N. Y., for a teles- cope that will reveal new depths in wpace, to cool. In the meantime this planet of our own will show enough to keep the best minds busy. - ‘There is some moral suasion needed to reach the man who is on the dole and proud of it. Christmas Manners. With Christmas only three weeks distant and speeding nearer with each successive tick of the clock, the time has arrived to think about Christmas rs. ‘To some, of course, such an 1 seem unimportant. either be- cause they naturally are kindly and considerate at all seasons or because they are perhaps just as naturally quite otherwise. But to average people | there may be a certain appeal in the suggestion that courtesy and gracious- ness are appropriate to Christmas and that their neglect is, in effect, a vio- lation of the authentic Christmas #pirit. To illustrate the point, it would seem that there can be little, if any, blessing in a gift ‘urchmd or pre- v aper Company | e ton the latter part of | messase | | sented impolitely. Yet undentably 1t has happened that on occaslon this curious contradiction has rlmr.flrr-: ized the acquisition and exchange of | Yuletide presents. Tired clerks in| shops and stores understand the dif- ference. One shopper will be “easy to wait upon” and a “pleasure to serve,” while another will be an aggravation or a trial. No two are exactly alike, but two types are remembered - he one gratefully because of their gen- tility; the other spitefully but justly because of their rudeness, Members of the former class shop | philosophically; those of :llw latter, late and nervously. Better | |and more cheerful service and s superior tield of choice is the reward of the “early birds”; a retlection of their own irritability and restricted | selection is the penalty for the tardy | comers. The law of cause and effect | operative m the circumstances, and | who are in harmony with the Christmas the proper Lenefits of 0 the period Charles thought practice Christmas love and Christmas | charity all the year. Possibly. he had | particularly in mind the propriety of | [ that effort tn the weeks before i early and those feast their receive adjustment Dickens summed up the when Lie spoke of trying 0 | just December Children, too, has been noted, brush up their manners in anticipation. rhyme about Christmas can be™ Everybidy kuows the how: they're as before they st good as e For Peace in the Saar. To & Europe trom for anvieties release the craving | and war fears agreement just signed between France and Germany the S respecting (he coal mines of ar comes ws an in- the ad-| own | o | poravily | provided works it | an- | the Pre<ident | nterest | It not remove the danger of | conflict, but s & most important | tep to that end and justifies confi- describably welcome reliel. does entirely dence that remaining points of differ- Will now also lend themselves 0 amicable adjustment The people of the Saar will decide 13 whether €nce | by plebiscite on January they prefer 1o remain under the juris- diction of the League of Nalions, to rejoin Germany or France. It is held to be a foregone conclusion that the decision will in favor of Germany. The conditions vnder which the Saar Basin was tem- over by its rich mi iven (o France by to become part of be taken that the lLeague| coal - the which were treaty of Versailles in compensation | the PFrench by | | e Germans during the war, should | mines destroyed be repurchased by the Reichi and paid (he Saarois elected | nogold, i ca i | once agail W0 become German. Under what conditions this transaction would | fulfilled has jmired up the pro:pect ot bitter cou- eventually be long con- tention. In a peaceable spirit which reflects the utmost credit on both sides and on the League of Nations, under whose | auspices it was effected, German accord has a Franco- been coneluded Germany agrees to buy back the Saar | | mine: for $59.400 000 in ca-h and | | 11,000,000 tons of coal. The transac- | | tion also comprehiends French private | | credits in the basin | | Of even greater significance perhap than provision for repurcha-e of 'he mines are the political guarantees ar- | ranged for. Germany undertakes that | {all inhabitanis of the Saar, whetlier i E\.ael\ or non-volers, shall enjoy equal | righis regardless of race. reliion or | language. The agreement n particular that the tens of thousands of Jewish residents of the Saar wil!! not be subjected, temporarily, at least 1o the discriminatory “Aryan” restric- | tions of which their coreligionists m; | the Reich are the victims. The period | | during which there shall be 1o perse- | cution or reprisals of anv sor is not | specified, 1= believed to be for | moaLs | but | one year. | For the moment the greater guestion | and the greater cause for satisfaction is that much of the gunpowder Fas | extracted from the situation | Lias hung over Europe like a {pall. As the plebiscite date ap- | proached. the peril of war over the Saar became ever more menacing Statesmanship has risen to its oppor- Lunity in the settlement of the mines controversy. ‘The rezult affords scliid ground for hope thal later questia related to the plebiccite likewise will vield to the treatment that i< invarianly effective when all concerned are ani- mated by the requisite good will and a genuine desire for peace, been which ao—————— It will be hard to convince the early Christmas shoppers who aiready find | difficulty in being served in crowded shops that trade is not aiready re- viving. S Military Training Upheld. By its unafimous decision, an- nounced yesierday, the Supreme Court of the United States has sustained the right of land grant colleges to deny admission to students who refuse to comply with the requirement of mili- tary training as part of their curricula. This is the first time that the highest court has passed definitely upon the question, although by its refusal to entertain an appeal in a former case, in which the conditions were virtually similar, it indicated its attitude on the general question. It is well that the definite issue involved has thus been finally determined by & direct decision wpon the validity of the requirement. The cases of the Maryland Univer- sity students who were suspended be- cause of their refusal to comply with the military training rule and of the University of California students who similarly refused are in all respects identical. In each the students de- clined to comply with & fundamental obligation of the institution, on the ground that it conflicted with their own views as to preparation for na- tional defense. In Maryland a court of first instance upheld them, the appellate court of the State reversing this judgment, and the Supreme Court declining to consider an appeal from that decision “for want of a substan- tial question,” which in effect sus- THE EVENING tained the final State court's ruling. n California such a “substantial ques- tion” was presented and the present decision has resulted. In the fullest degree the Supreme Court now upholds the right of the University of California to require military training, In the words of Justice Butler, who announced the court’s findings, “Plainly, there is no ground for the caltention that regents’ order, requiring able-bodied male students, under the age of twenty-four, as a condition of their enrollment to take the prescribed in- struction in military science and tac- ties, transgresses any constitutional right asserted by these appellants.” ‘The court sweeps aside as requiring “little consideration” the contention of the students that the military train- ing order is repugnant to the Briand- Kellogg peace pact. The citation of that instrument as ground for objec- tion to compliance with the military training rule of the university preposterous. While the nalions sig- natory 1o that trealy condemned re- course 1o war for the solution of inter- national controversies and renounced it as an instrument of national policy their relations with one another, it has never been regarded as & sur- in render of the right or the evasion of the duty of defense in case of attack The court simply declares that “there 15 1o conflict between the regents’ or- der and the provisions of the treaty Attendance at an educational insti- tution which ‘requires mulitary train- iy is not compulsory. A student who has conscientious objections to war or military traming for war, whether in- nate or promoted by pernicious influ- ences, 15 not denied the privileges of an education by the fact that certain | insttutions of learning impose that re- quirement upon all male entrants. He has but 10 go elsewhere for education, and if in suother institution he finds | lacking certain advantages and oppor- tunities, that loss must be regarded as | the price he must pay liar position with regard to his duties for his pecu- as a citizen, > -om o Floral decorations for fu- The machine gun gangster Nerals are profuse is still relied on #s & means of support- g lavish underworld expense, S, Diplomacy is busy with sn effort to avert 1o stralghten counts lett by the war, at least long enough ot Previots one, out the contusion E— — .o There 15 a widespread delermination to provide peace and good will, Paraguay and Bolivia have not heard about it - — Codes are bemg caretully managed 10 prevent them from seeming hike the old business doctor idea carried (o an extreme, R The Upper Potomac is offering one | Jf s trequent depressing reminders of Waler power gone o waste, s —ee A Dbrain trust, lke directors, sooner or the cash any board of later has to face test, e SHOOTING STARS. register BY PHILANDER JUHNSON Trouble in Crescendo. Got 50 many troubles That I don't know Every year redoubles what to do The troubles T go through, But musics sort o' cheery When things are goin’ wrong I'm growin' kid o' weary, So Ill sing a little song. But a neighbor sent a letter Aud another sent a cop, Who declared it might be better If 1 let the matter drop. They candidly advise me No more music to rehearse. They declafed -and this surprised me I was making trouble worse. Debate. “What is your object in Joining & gymnasium? “Methods have tended to become violent of late. I'm training for de- bate.” Jud Tunkins says it begins to Jook 10 him as if the greatest public ques- tion today was “What are you going to do about 127 Value of Publicity. We have to pay to listen To some speaker known to fame, Whoses phrases gayly glisten As new sentences he'll frame, The auditor capricious Protest now and then has made, Still of salemanship suspicious, He's the one that should be paid. Talk. “Money talk: said the sportish person, “Yes,” answered Miss Cayenne. “But some method must be found to keep its conversation from becoming gossipy and even scandalous.” “Our warring tongs have subsided,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “Civilization is teaching them the im- possibility of their being as much feared as your gangsters.” Taxpayers All, Each pays some tax And pays anew. None may relax Or miss his cue. ‘Though none has sent A notice, still It's in the rent Or grocery bill, ‘When duty calls For payment due, ©On. You it falls And You and You. “I still believes in Santa Claus,” said Uncle Eben, “but when times, is as hard as at present, he's got to show me." e Why Not Eagles? From the Lowell Evening Leader, A large cargo of contraband liquor has been seized in Buzzards Bay. With the Federal agents in the role of the buzzards. P the | was | ac- | but | ‘Those too quick to resent criticism of their work show plainly that they are fearful of it themselves. The mark of the really efficient workman is a calm hearing of com- plaints. He who is calm is sure of himself. He who is sure of himself is calm. Any way you put it it works out to the same thing. a sane bellel and fuith 1 something done as well as one can do it. | If the tongue is too quick to answer, | it reveals in sure words just what the speaker would not willingly reveal, perhaps, * ok Criticism—and by this one means | what is usually meant by the word— | ix & part of life. | “There is criticism face to face, there criticism out-and-out, delivered with a smile. ‘There is rough criticism, oily criti- ism, criticlsm fair, criticism unjust. VEry person's ldea of some one else and his work, whoever he may be and whatever it may be. is colored by the | personal equation; there is no getting | away from that. | Just how much of & true judge he may be remsins to be seen, so there |13 o need for any one to Hy off the | handle and act as if God Almighty | has handed down a decision. and je * ox o A Yet the younger man is very likely 10 50 act in the face of criticism He has not yet learned (he great lesson of faith, Faith Is not something reserved for | relivious moments alone It is beneficial In the everyday life too. Orne of the unhappy traits of hu- manity is the desire 1o save better emotions of life for special moments, as if we had no need for them every moment of every day. Kindness, gentleness, patience, mercy—these are a tew of the better things of life of which most of us stand very much in need, both for ourselves and others, Pagans of the worldly sneer and call such traits “sissified.” or brand them in other ways. but that should make little if any differ- ence in the secret places of the heart, life will * oA & m Yes. every human being has a secrel place in the heart, the place {no doubt. that touched at criti- clsm Ihe younger man. who afraid of himself, and especially of his good side, inoa world which prides itself on - beiny “hard-boiled.” needs 1o [ learn the lesson of faith, This faith in himself and his own work will prevent him from antici- pating critcism. It 1s not always greal many such away by imagin none actually exists. It is suid that this is one of the greatest dangers of the erimmal, that he is always on the lookout for dan- ger. and sees iU where no one suspects until he calls attention o something “up.” X ok % realized that give themsel an attack where a 50 often It is just another the applicaty instance of |is criticism behind the back, there is | criticism | the | n of the old proverb, “The see guilty flee where no man pursueth, but the righteous are bold as & lion.” It is here as with the true gentle- man, who is very slow to resent any insult. Being a gentleman, he does not like to believe any one is treat- ing him so. He trusts the world more than that. The “bounder” always has a chip on his shoulder, because he knows betier than any one else just how much of him is pretense and bluff, It is the same with criticism. He who does his task fairly, and honestly, is not going to be taken aback because some one openly says there is something in it he does not like, * ok ok X So much was to be expected. If such a workman nettled. he instantly probes into his own consciousness to see why, Maybe it is no more than the tone in whith he was addressed. The younger and less experienced | man wants to fight. He feels that the right to be a critic. He believes, In his innocence, that life at large is divided into compart- ments, und that no human being has any “right” to step out of his own water-tight precinet Life is not that way. however, except in dreams, . It is large. It contains multitudes. and every single one of the multitudes has his own ideas about things., * X ok X Expression of these ideas, so .ong as done decently, is a part of lfe and to the man somewhat sure of himself & not unimportant part. He can get 4 lot out of them. and will, despite the belief of his crities that he never does “The big trouble with critics is that they seldom look at anything from the other man's standpoint, and they ex- pect too much reform from him. Often their criticism is so little | founded on the facts of the case that if they were in the other’s shoes for so little as a week they would see how absurd it was. They would not wonder, then. why the other seemed o pay so little at- tention to it. Two weeks of knowledge of the other’s problems would show them. too. why he does not put into jmmediate effect all their sure-fire suggestions, * % & % critic has ne real first-hand A word to the younger man might | be in order Never be t0o quick to leap to your own defense. ‘To do s0 shows that you think you need defense more than ordinary. Defend yourself, but not quickly! Do not let position of the animal in the French proverb: “This is a very wicked when attacked. it defends itself.” Wait until you are really attacked before you heatedly defend yourself. Smile a little at thc onset, and listen as calmly as you can. It won't hurt to put on a placidity you do not feel, perhaps. for, after all, the fel- [ low may be trying to help you. and il you give yoursell time you will it asing Der {The New T ‘nds in To the Editor of The Star: It be clear to any one who reflectx upon life in America in 1790 must when density of population was but | four to the square mile; then when it Iwas unine, in 1830, with the rough begimuings of capitalism born of the “rugged individualism” necessary to survival in the earlier days, that (here have been great changes in the condi- social, political and economic, our present national density tons, behind in Washington. Likewise it must be easy to under- stand how men under & system which has given them most of the advantages from this slowly increasing density and its crea- tions of social demands imposed upon the individual, increasingly restricted in his freedom, are unwilling to per- mit any change in the method of distribution of the returns of industr: By a strange paradox in reasoning, business and industry maintain re- search departments to discover more efficient producing and marketing methods, yet they rail against the employment of similar neies government, when the results indicate that some departments of national economic life b been securing a disproportionate share of the returns of the national income. They aim to destroy the “brain trusters” by ridicule and altacks upon “bureaucracy,” while they create “obsolescence” by author- ity of scientists and experts engaged in advertizing new lines and tions. There is a strong vein of prophecy in Alexander Hamillon's warning 150 years ago that “we need not fear Exceutive encroachment half so much as the dominance by industry and commerce, even now threatening the government By another curious paradox. indus- try and commerce by their own cor duct both called into being the labor organization among workers to whom they paid less than they were worth in wages and or worth as consumers, thus piling up property which made every employ- ment contract a one-sided affair and sustained the validity of the same by mouldy law or by political control. Now that labor has followed the ex- ample of the money-power and has. by legislation, political control and judicial decision in kecping with the trend of the social order resulting from the quick consciousness due to density of population, secured & meas- ure of balance through governmental mediation by the N. R. A, the Su- preme Court is being invited to de- of 40 to the square mile, and to so | much as 7000 10 & similar area here | who have operated ' the propertyless | charged more than the goods were | ity of Population and National Economics | stroy its gains and set back the hands | of American progress. The Nation is repeating conditions thai obtained in its aflairs of 100 years ago -speculative boom, bank closthe, executive dominauce, sena- torial opposition, mildly communistic organizations, pink-tea reform in an | efturt to escape through transcenden- talism, and the rise of & demogogue promising to distribute wealth among the class he represents. Then railroad control was the prize, now it is hydroelectric power. Negro chattel slavery operated to prevent the | logical outcome of the struggle, but it destroyed the old Whig party, just as the Republican party tends now to disintegrate, It gave to the money | power the control of Government, ! tariffs and manafactures, trusts. com- | bines and mergers, ending in the re- cent debacle, from which some of those most benefited seem to draw no con- clusion. The logic of history indicates that the election of a Negro as a Democrat | from Illinois may precipitate that un- setticd question again into the arena ! Density ot population has affected nim. “a thing apart.” | As the marginal man in industry, any misdirection in income has always | aftected the black man, first to be | fired and last to be hired. Hitherto, industry and commerce have kept him as a bulwa ainst labor's demands and actions. But the monev power in this generation has made the same error made by the slave power eurlier in oppressing both white and black properivless men, thus forcing them to look for a cause outside of them- selves rather than in their faces, and 10 seek redress in political action i general and in sporadically. Having rown up in crowded groups. neither the Negroes nor the foreign- | born whites have experience as “rugged individual except disagreeable ones a~ persecuted or exploited wage work- ers and citizens. Their reaction 10 the feeling of economic injustice pro- duces an “oppression psychosis” lead- ing to display in mass action, just as |1t leads 1o spectacular crimes among native-born whites of that same group, they being thwarted individualists. Conscious of shrinking profits under the more even distribution brought about by the administration and the N. R. A, the money power seems to think it may coerce legislation, per- suade the courts and proteci itself by paid police, into a position of former security. Social ¢rends do net argue for such a program of success. The former Roosevelt opened “th> door of hope,” and this one has braced it wide to merit and opportunity. De- mocracy is naturally dynamic. CHARLES M. THOMAS. Even Moscow Changes. From the San Jose Mercury Heraid. Economic and pdlitical needs forced the Soviets to cultivate friendly rela- tions with European capitalist coun- tries and enter the League cf Nations. The description of the Moscow parade to celebrate the seventeenth anniver- sary of the revolution, by foreign cor- respondents, showed this pressure is profoundly affecting internal life. The former appeals to the prole- tariat of other coyntries to arise, the lurs on capitalist countries, were miss- ing. The theme of the banners car- ried was nationalism and the develop- ment of the natural resources of the country. At night, for the first time on an- niversary celebrations, a brilliant re- ception was given to the diplomats of capitalist countries in the white and gold magnificence of St. George's hall in the (‘Elt palace, “American Institutions.” From the Los Augeles Eveuing Post ‘The mayor of a large Middle West- ern city has announced that soap- box speakers of radical persuasion will no longer be allowed to make speeches from rostrums in & downtown park, as has been the custom in that city for many years. Defending this action, he declares that “we must respect American insti- tutions,” and that speakers who do not respect them will not be permitted to air their views. o The chief flaw in this attitude is that one of the most sacred of all American institutions is the right of free speech. It is hard to inculcate a respect for American institutions by outlawing one of the most important of them, There Is, also, the added considera- tion that such action simply play: into the hands of the malcontents and gives tQem something to talk about. feels himsell | too | any one put you in the | animal. | radical orgauization | STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1934, THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL, Population Stressed As Economic Factor To the Bditor of The Star: During the past year we have read & great deal about the policies of the New Deal, particularly those phases having to do with curtailment of pro- duction and stimulation of consump- tion. ‘With reference to certain of those products coming from the farms | for primal consumption and which are produced by large-scale methods for a broad market, such as wheat, cotton, tobacco and meats, for example, there 1s great elasticity of potential produc- tion, due to the vast acreage suitable to these crops without considering the possible substitutes for these commod- itics. But before one can intelligently take permanent action to curtail pro- | duction it is highly important to con- | sider the annual increase in popula- tion, not only of this country, but for all countries, which is an important actual and potential factor in both production and consumption. If we consider that of the total | population of the United there are about 30 million families and further take into account that the population | increases at wbout two and one-half | millions people per year it is obvious | this country is the very low produc- tion rate of humanity, If it is un- | desirable to further let down the bars !to immigrants an_alternative would be to encourage the birth rate, and this can be eftectively done by pr viding social security to the great | | masses who are prolific breeders when they have this feeling of security. On the side of cousumption there is & tendency for more fixity than there isx with production, notwith- standing substitutes which are them- selves a purt of total consumption. for only so much of some commodities cau be consumed. There is here, | however, a differential: that of im- proving the quality of product pro- quality product. like the production of higher quality people, there is re- | quired a greater amount of intelligent | guidance, such as scientific farming methods which may or may not in- volve greater expenditures of money. Consequently we have i this situa- tion an effort to control production, an effort to smulate consumption by ninding employment for those in need, but there has been litte said upon this vital problem of the annual in- crease 1 bopulation which should, by all means, be given weight i any far- | that one of the serious problems of | duced. For the production of & higher | A reader can get the dnswer to any question of fact by writing The Washington Evening Star Information Bureau, Frederic J. Haskin, Director, Washington, D. C. Please inclose stamp for reply. Q. How many employes does it take to keep the New York City telephone directories up to date?—D. S. A. On July 1, 1934, there were 365 enzaged in compilation work. New York City has five directories, one for each borough, and a “classified.” In a recent issue of these directories, 1,650,000 were printed. As a whole they comprised over 4,800 pages of printed matter, Q. When were English sparrows first brought to the United States?— J. W. R. A. The English sparrow was brought to the United States from England in 1850 by Nicholas Pike and other di- rectors of the Brooklyn Institute. Q. In what year and at what cost was the Eads Bridge in St. Louis con- structed?—D. L. H. | bullt by James B. Eads between the years 1867 and 1874. The cost of - | the bridge. together with that of the | tunnel under the city giving access to the west end, was $9.000,000. Q. What texts und references are used at Harvard in the final year of # D. D. course?—L. A. A. There is no uniform plan of study for the degree of doctor of the- ology at Harvard University. Each candidate’s plan of study must be approved by the faculty as affording suitable preparation for the degree, Q. How many distilleries are in operation now?—W. H. A. There are 460 licensed distilleries in operation. Q. Who was the first builder of iron steamships?—L. F. A. John Laird, English shipbuilder, built the first iron steamships. He ! built the John Randolph, the Nemesis u#nd the Alabama. The John Ran- | dolph was the earliest iron vessel in America and was sent out to Savan- (nah in pieces. Q. Please give some information sighted policy of the Nation. After all. the science of economics deals with human lhie, and that of other ammal hi< so that both production and consumption are centered around this quantitative positton of the hu man being. With most well governed foreign countries practically self-sus taining in many of these basic com- modities, it would appear that one ,6. | Rock Creek, S. C, | about the Battle of Hanging Rock.— 1A H. A. This battle was fought August 1780. It occurred on Hanging between Col Sumter's Americans, some 800 in number, and about as many loyalists commanded by Maj. Carden. After driving back the loyalists, the Ameri- of the outstanding needs of this coun- try 1s that of mcreasing population. ! It woulld -appear from statistics that | the tme for a policy of burth control in this country is hardly ripe, espe-! cually with the present effort toward | & social equilibnum and that merr‘, 18 adequate room for an increase in | quantity production of both goods and | people along with the ever-changing | quality differential. ELMER C. CROWELL. e . S. Should Provide iU To the Editor of The Star: In view of the parking situation and the fact that the normal commercial | activities of the Capital City of lhe“ Nation are being hampered by traffic conditions, it seems to me that the | Public Works Administration might | well look upon the provision of ample | garage space at prices within reach of | the ordinary person as a desirable | self-liquidating public works project For example, there would seem to be 1o good reason why public garuges | could not be placed under the parks, such as Franklin - Park, Lafavette Square, Judiciary Square and in the | Mull wlong the south side of Consti- | tution avenue from ‘Thirteenth to | Seventeenth streets, in which the owners of automobiles could park ther ! cars at. say, 10 cents per day. If private parties can make money out of parking lots on high-priced | lground in the downtown sres, the | | Government should be able to amortize | the cost of underground garages as suggested, since the land would cost | nothing. ‘The proposal to abolish parking in | the downlown areas is & very serious | jone from the standpoint of thousands ! of people. who. relying upon the use of their automobiles, have established | their homes in localities remote from any trolley or bus service. If these people cannot park after they get into town from their suburban homes, «hen it follows that they must aban- | | | | transportation. How, then, are they going to get to their work? This | should be recognized as a social prob. |lem and treated as such. We hear a good deal about the more abundant life for persons of low income. more serious blow could be dealt per- sons of low income than to force upon them the alternative of abandoning their little homes in the suburbs or of | paying from 25 cents to 50 cents per day 1o private parking-lot operators. P. G. CAMPBELL. R Of Ambassador Bingham To the Editor of The Si Ambassador Bingham tells the Lon- don Observer that States unity is near, cept of his more toadyism than “America first”? 1s this & con- British-Scotch He vell can make lasting and binding agreements now. With England a defaulter to the United States in millions of dollars? With her de- mand of our gold-silver backed cur- rency fluctuating in her fiat pound? “Lasting agreement now?” Has Presi- dent Roosevelt or Congress intimated this to Ambassador Bingham? Or to whom is he cooing now: as he did in his London speech after Ambas- sador at Large Davis was willing to | give up certain fundamental rights of the United States at Geneva? Woodrow Wilson said “he had inter- | woven the League of Nations and peace.” with the United States a member of the League. He was in major error. The American people, thank heaven, proved Wilson was mistaken. So is Ambassador Bing- ham in his announcement. The United States needs an “American first,” mot an English-Scotch toadier Ambassador to London more than any other country. W. E. RYAN B Spreading the Work. From the Watertown (N. Y.) Times. Mussolini has ordered more work for all Italians as a part of his new pro- gram. We imagined that he would get tired of doing it all himself after & while. R A Long, Painful Death. From the Worcester Evening Gazelt At last somebody's found a sea ser- pent's body. The poor thing probably was ridiculed to death. Wanted: Positions. From the Indianapolis S ‘The country soon will be confronted with the problem of what to do with foot Plll stars “at liberty.” Cheap Parking Spaces | don the use of their automobiles for No | Questions Americanism | British-United | assures England that President Roose- cans, becoming disorganized while plundering the enemy's camp, were in turn put to flight. The American loss is unknown: that of the loyalists, in killed, wounded and missing, is recorded as 269, Q Have Mayor and Mrs. Guardia any children>—J. W. S. A. They have adopted two children. Jean, aged 6, and Eric. 4. Jean is the niece of the mayor's first wife and Eric is an orphan. La Q. Is there any country where in- erest is not charged for money loaned?—W. J. T. A. In Arabia, it is against the law to charge interest. Q. Was Old King Cole really the ng of some country?’—O. P. K. A. The particular monarch of the jingle is. according to old chroniclers, that King Cole who reigned in Britain in the third century. kil A. Eads Bridge in St. Louis was| ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. | Q. What makes the Mexican bean | jump?—W. E. G. A. An insect, whose larva is respon- | sible for the antics of the Mexican | jumping bean, bores a small hole in | the bean and deposits her egz. When | the egg hatches, the larva feeds uron the food present in the inside of ti bean until most of the interor | consumed. It is the activity ot thi insect which makes the bean jump Q. How old h’lhe Rmorlran Bridz. League?—P. L. A. It is 7 years old. | Q. How old is Senator Glass”’—H. A. W. A. He is almost 77 years old. H has been in the Senate about 15 years. Carter Q. Who wrote, “Man’s inhumanit to man makes countless thousant mourn"?—B. B. M. A. Robert Burns. Q. On what material were the early records of the Old Testament | kept>—R. C. C. A. The early records of the Jeuw which are the original of the Bible ot today, were on the skins of anim called parchment. and, according to the Talmud. synagogue rolls were re quired to be made of the skins c clean animals only. prepared for t particular use by the Jews. | Q. When did Galli-Curci make h debut>—R. B. S. A. Her operatic debut was at Roy in 1909 as Gilda in Verdi's Rigolet Q. How was Meteor Crater ir zona formed?—C. K. C. A. Meteor Crater was formed abr 50,000 years ago when an unucual large meteor blazed its way to ea dislodging about 300,000.000 ton. the earth’s surface. The crater about 600 feet deep and nearly a m | in diameter, Q. What is the origin of hockey K. M. C. A. Known as hurley hockey was plaved on in Galway as early as t | century. The rules were t and the game rough. In 1883 a drf.- nite set. of rules was drawn up the Wimbledon Club, Lo since then the game has been j in many countr in Irelanc the beach e Q. What causes the saj run’—L. G. A. The exact cause of sap in the stem of the problems of veg that botanists have not 3 to soive. The upward mov crude sap toward the n through the ducts in the wood tion of the stem, i ward flow of the elaborated sap the leaves takes place chic s in the layer 1st not be of sap analogous to the circulat in animals. There organ. like the hear flow, and the water taken roots does not make one conti circuit of the plant body, but 15 | tributed by general through into the leaves and partly tr | body as food, whereve | ees i is needed. T it Q. How many touris's | Lincoln Memorial at Wast D. C.>—H A. The daily average of v 13,000. Japan's attitude in the naval con- ferences at London does not en- courage the American press to hepe ing competitive building. Observing that “Japan insists on a strategic superiority which neither Britain nor America will concede,” the San Francisco Chronicle advises that +Japan should know that it would have to outbuild the American and British navies combined.” The Dallas (Tex.) is standing pat on its argument that the admission of Japan to an equal ratio practically means Japan's su- premacy in the Pacific and domination over China, which is most un- desirable " “We should be thankful that Japan is out in the open at last.” thinks the Scranton Times. “Her complaint that | the 5-5-3 naval treaty is a reflection |on her national honor and that the jmmigration policy of this country is an insult to her people are herrings cross the trail or crocodile tears. whichever you choose. If the world doesn't trust Japan. and it does not. it is because of the record she her- self has written.” “Japan probably is inviting a battle of the budgets. in which bankruptey for that country would be the victor long before it was in the other na- tions.” in the opinion of the Grand Rapids Press. while the Cln\oll_<0hmi Repository predicts “a financial col- | lapse.” with serious results: and the Indianapolis News states: seeking sane restraint exist in Japan. with defeat.” The Newark Evening News believes that “good faith and understanding are the crux of the whole matter.” The Buffalo Times asserts that “if Japan is determined to break up what little remains of international peace machinery, there seems 1o be no Way to stop her. “Neither England nor America need depart from its own legitimate policy. says the Worcester Evening Gazette, “put the Japanese, by compelling them to draw together, are forcing upon them the practical co-operation which gives promise of ending a grave threat to the world.” The Asbury Park Evening Press, hopeful of a com- promise, says: “The need arises for a wholly new orientation of naval policy to reconcile present differences. Responsible authorities are already leaning toward the Japanese policy of equal navies held down to the de- fensive level, with the elimination of vessels designed especially for war of aggression. The result of their study will satisfy neither the jingoists of Japan nor the big navy crowd in v.h?s country and Great Britain. But it must take the form of & compromise which will curtail armaments and reconcile the differences that exist.” Of the 5-4-4 ratio suggestion. the Cincinnati Times-Star observes: “England is too remote, and her navy necessarily too scattered, ever to im- press upon the Japanese minq a sense of nferiority. It is with this coun- try that she makes her conscious and subconscious comparisons. If, by offering & proposal, which prncucu!ly speaking, is favorable to Great Brit- ain, unfavorable to the United States and not too damaging to her own position, she can throw a wrench into the machinery of Anglo-Ameri- can understanding, it is all to her ad- vantage.” “The American people, without the slightest intent of aggression,” says the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, “desire a Navy fit and ready to defend Amer- iea’s interests anywhere, and this dis- position 1s reflected in the Washing- < ‘or an agreement substantially limit- News argues that “the United States | “Forces | though for the time they have met | Little Hope of Naval Pact In View of Japan’s Attitude ! ton administration’s policy. Japan can have as much peice as she dr- sires. if she earns it by up ! her treaty obligations and refran from attempting to deprive the W ern powers of their rightful freedr of opportunity to trade in East.” th 1 the F ———— A Plea for Aid for Leprosy Suffe To the Ed.tor of The Star, May I make an appeal readers for the destitute 188 colonies throughout Through no fault of their own the to your lepers the worlc are suffering from a ternble disca ¢ that makes them ontcasts. Everv da little children become infected bre- cause a diseased parent is not p: erly cared for Money and bandages are needed Any amount of money wil gratefully accepted. T often cure an early case chaulmoogra oil treatmer wi provide food for o month. §2 a warm blanket. Leper colonies can never hate enough bandages. Tear old sheet towels and napkins into strips three or five inches wide, roll and pin with a safety pin, or send any white m terial except gauze. and the patient will make their own bandages. Wom- en’s clubs and societies for voung peo- ple can do a noble work here which will cost them nothing. Please send contributions. checks and money orders to the America Mission to Lepers, Inc., 156 Fifth ave nue, Room 118-P, New York. or to 7 West Washington street, Chicago, I | FLORENCE ALDEN McLEOD. Pittburgh, Pa. ———— | Base Ball Holds Its Own, L | Writing in a magazine of wide cir~ culation. one John Tunis. principally known as a writer on sporting sube | Jects, informs the public that the dayvs | of base ball are numbered. and that | “the game is definitely on the wav out.” His statements, judging from | comment, do not meet with the agrees {ment of other sport mentors | The last season, despite the con- | tinuance of the business depression, | was an excellent one in the major | leagues. It was less so in sections of the minor leagues, true. and Prove- | dence, R. I, with its half million of people, just as Tunis says, has no | team. He might have added that on | this coast the Pacific Coast League clubs played to very uneven business, | However, San Francisco has never | been noted for cordial support of base ball, although it has had at least one club for vears and has furnished some noted players to the East. A great deal depends on what might be termed the psychology of the game, as cities will send crowds to see their club when it is winning, but will let it severely alone when in a losing streak. But base ball is not entirely a mat- ter of the major and minor leagues, It is the national game because it is played in every part of the country. The sandlots and their shouting boys tell the story. From the Reno (Nev.) Gazette R Only Two Choices. From the Columbia (8. C) Record Nebraska's one-house legislative plan might be a very good idea if there waa any way of guaranteeing that the one house would be the right house.