Evening Star Newspaper, November 25, 1934, Page 35

In the World of Books (Continued From Fourth Page.) July celebration, with the temperature at 60 below, was one of the high spots in the explorers’ year. Turkey, plum pudding, mince pie, cocktails and the “Antarctic Follies,” composed of two dog drivers, a mechanic and the ice cream maker, supplied conviviality and entertainment enough. During the long, dark Winter inactivity and repression dulled the men so that some left their bunks only to eat or change books. The “genial Geologist” was “the strong pillar of our dis- cipline.” With the Spring and the bestnning of work spirits rose. Mr., Owen tells only of the personal life and relations of the men of the ex- pedition; the scientific work was not his job. It is a story of adaptation to necessity, frankly and most entertain- ingly told. x X k% AUTOPSY OF THE MONROE DOC- TRINE. The strange story of inter- American relations. By Gaston Nerval. New York: The Macmil- lan Co. HE Monroe Doctrine has often enough been called the sick man of America and its death sentence has been pronounced by numerous political scientists, but this is the first time that an autopsy has been performed. The autopsy takes into account all the diseases from which the patient suf- fered, but not the evidences of health, which are not the business of autop- sies. Perhaps, also, the autopsy has been performed before the patient is dead. Gaston Nerval is the pseudonym of Raul Diez de Medina, whose father is a former Bolivian Minister to the United States and is now in the for- eign office of Bolivia. He himself was | at one time secretary of the legation, | in Washington and then began his journalistic work, which before long, through his increasing interest in it, resulted in his resignation from the diplomatic service. Inter-American relations have always been the subject of his especial study, and his articles | now appear in many newspapers in | the United States and are widely quoted throughout Latin America. ‘Though some of our historians are {n substantial agreement with Gaston Nerval's point of view, it is the point of view of Latin American interest and does not do justice to the motives which inspired the pronouncement of | the Monroe Doctrine or to the service | 1t has rendered on many occasions in | preserving peace in the Western Hemi- sphere. It may e true that “it was | the safety and interests of the United States which President Monroe and through Mr. pleasant hours browsing Chaucer’s 14th century with Sedgwick. * X %k X WHAT I LIKE IN POETRY. By William Lyon Phelps. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. TH!: principle of selection in this anthology is not subject matter or mood, poetical form, nationality, historical period or author type, but simply the taste of a critic well known to all the American public. *“Those who do not like this haphazard meth- od,” says Mr. Phelps, “have the priv- ilege of disliking it; and to those who do not like the name of the vol- ume I will merely reply in the words of Orlando: There was no thought of pleasing them when it was chris- tened.” The book is a companion volume to the cordially received “What I Like,” a prose anthology. Translations have been omitted, be- cause poetry is so difficult to trans- late if there is an attempt to pre- serve matter, spirit and metrical form, and because also “there are more great poems written in the Eng- lish language than in any other.” The triple index, of poets, titles and first lines, work of the practical scholar, shows both Mr. Phelps’ cath- olic taste and his favorites. Brown- ing comes first with 24 poems, and Wordsworth second with 17. Among the older poets, Burns, Emerson, Her- rick, Keats, Longfellow, Milton, Shakespeare, Shelley, Stevenson and Tennyson are represented by a goodly number; among the moderns, Frost, A. E. Housman, E. A. Robin- son, Francis Thompson and Yeats. Mr. Phelps evidently loves the older poetry better, but does not believe that all poetic impulse died with the Victorian age. * k x X VICTORIA, THE WIDOW, AND HER SON. By Hector Bolitho. New York: D. Appleton-Century Co. AP'I‘ER the passing of the idolized and idealized Prince Consort, Queen Victoria became unifiedly the Queen, though Gladstone thought that she sadly neglected her royal duties | and made himself unpopular by re- spectfully prodding her to perform them more assiduously, and the clever Disraeli welcomed her frequent inertia as an aid to his own power. The in- ertia was partly the result of increas- ing years, but much more of her gen- uine and carefully nursed grief for Prince Albert. Mr. Bolitho's close-up picture is here of the widow, the widow who insisted that her eldest son |and heir to the throne should mold | himself in his father’s pattern, but in- | sisted in vain. This volume is the se- | quel to Mr. Bolitho's biography of the his advisers had in mind when they drafted the historical message,” for considerations of nationalistic self-in- terest were then and are now com- mon to all nations, and the age of universal brotherhood has not yet ar- rived, but the additional purported motive of concern for the independ- ence of the Latin American republics was not mere hypocrisy. Gaston Ner- val's criticism of the Monroe Doctrine | falls into two parts: An attempt to | prove that even in its origin it had not the significance and efficacy claimed for it by its supporters, and an indictment of its modern interpre- tations and applications. He does not stop with negative criticism, however, but offers a reasonable plan for a “New Deal” in Pan-Americanism, namely, the burial of the Monroe Doc- trine and the substitution of a “Pan- American Doctrine of Joint Responsi- bility.” The ideal is a good one, but twentieth century efforts at interna- tional co-operation have not been so strikingly successful as to arouse much practical hope for its realization. x K X % WAR MEMORIES OF DAVID LLOYD GEORGE. Vol. IV. 1917, Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 'HE publication of this volume of Lloyd George's Memoirs has caused some commotion in England because of the war premier’s criticism of the conduct of the war by the British high command. London news indicates that Downing Street would | like the possession of some of the| documents retained by ex-cab‘met} ministers. Probably by this time the only member of the British cabinet | who remained in office throughout the World War has extracted from the documents all the data he requires for the remaining two volumes of the Memoirs. Regardless of government | ethics or etiquette, public sympathy and the sympathy of historians are likely to be on the side of full publicity | for the facts, now that the war is a matter of history. As for interpreta- tion of the facts by different political and military participants, historians and students of history may make their own allowances for personal prepossessions and prejudices. The period covered by this volume is from the decision to hold an im- perial conference from which grew the imperial war cabinet, first mentioned in Lloyd George's speech to the House of Commons December 19, 1916, to the setting up of the Inter-Allied War | Council at the Rapallo Conference November 7, 1917. Between these two important steps took place the allied struggle with the Turks, the creation of the British Air Ministry, various peace moves, including that of the Vatican; the third battle of Ypres, with the tragic episode of Passchen- daele, and the Caporetta disaster in Italy. In his summary of the results of the 1917 campaigns Lloyd George says that by the end of the year “the balance of advantage was decisively on the allied side.” in spite of bad mis- management. “The history of 1917 is one of our winning the war on sea in spite of the Board of Admiralty, whilst our generals were doing their best to lose the war on land in spite of the government.” The most important contribution to the cause of victory in 1917 he considers to have been the “success of the steps taken to counter the submarine attack.” * ok % ok DAN CHAUCER. An Introduction to the Poet, His Poetry and His Times. By Henry Dwight Sedg- wick. Indianapolis: The Bobbs- Merrill Co. "GEOPFHEY CHAUCER . , . is pri- marily a human being, one that found nil humanum alienum, and but secondly a poet.” Chaucer was also & thorough Englishman, in spite of the Italian and French periods of influence in his poetry, “the first true Englishman,” Mr. Sedgwick says. He was, moreover, “a lucky fellow,” born at just the right time, the son of a wine merchant when wine mer- chants were prosperous and im- portant people. He was, above all, “the father of English poetry,” who taught later poets the joys of nature, the understanding of humanity and a varied versification, though Byron (of all persons) did pronounce him “obscene and contemptible.” Mr. Sedgwick has written this book, as human and unpedantic as Chaucer himself, not for the scholar but for all those who think some knowledge of Chaucer should be part of their culture, who care for poetry and life and the pageantry of historical periods. He expresses high appre- ciation of the work of the scholars, Kittredge, Lowes, French, Furnivall, Child, Lounsbury, Skeat, Manly, Rob- inson and others, of whose work he has made use in preparing this book, but his is the purpose of populariza- tion and enjoyment, not scholarship. He has accomplished his purpose a mirably, and even readers familiar with the texts and criticism of the scholars will be able to pass some Prince Consort, “Albert the Good.” For both books he has had access to the royal archives, which he has used with discretion and perhaps under some prohibitions, and to the recol- lections of people still living. Since 1926 he has lived at Windsor Castle and has collaborated with the dean of Windsor in various Victorian me- moirs. Mr. Bolitho is not, however, a stilted court chronicler; he is more of a court gossip, and writes most entertainingly. He shows us Queen Victoria, at 65, sitting at the piano and singing, “I'm Called Little Buttercup.” from “H. M. S. Pinafore”; vetoing the presenta- tion of the execution of Mary Queen of Scots in a tableau by her ladies in waiting: sitting in her rooms at Wind- sor, whose walls were covered with al- most 250 pictures, each “the window through which she looked at some cherished memory.” The reason why the Prince of Wales did not please her in his conduct, Mr. Bolitho says, was that he was more like her than like his exemplary father. Not until he was 44 did the Queen permit him to know of official decisions and changes of policy before they were publicly announced. “The old fear still haunt- ed the Queen; the fear that had begun when the Prince Consort was yet alive; that her son would usurp her hus- band's place and thus jeopardize her own.” The gossip prevalent during the Queen’s life, which has cropped up in many biographies since, that her re- lationship with her Scottish servant, Brown, was emotional, even that they were secretly married, Mr. Bolitho says could not possibly have had any basis. Her character was one of the great- est candor; she liked and trusted her servants unreasonably, and she had no regard for expediency, only for right and wrong. She did yield to expediency, however, when Lord Da- vidson, dean of Windsor, her friend and confidant, told her he would re- sign from the deanery if she published 2 memorial monograph she wrote on Brown after his death. The mono- graph was not published. * kX % BURMESE DAYS. By George Orwell. New York: Harper & Bros. KIPLING'S India is one of high- minded British military and civil officials, with a few exceptions, for Kipling is in part a realist, but his India of “the white man’s burden” is not the one Mr. Orwell has known. He was born in Bengal and in 1922 returned to India, after an English education, to join the Indian Imperial Police. He served in Burmah for five years, then resigned because he could no longer stand putting people in prison for the things he or any one else would have been likely to do under existing circumstances. In 1933 Mr. Orwell wrote “Down and Out in Paris and London,” his own experi- ences and observations as a voluntary and an involuntary tramp. Since 1931 he has been at work on “Burmese Days,” his first novel, and the result shows not only complete saturation in his subject but most finished work- manship. The stark truth which is Mr. Orwell's theme is the same as that of E. M. Forster in his “Passage to India”—that the race barrier between British and Indians is insurmountable; but Mr. Orwell handles his theme without even such thin gloves as Mr. Forster wore. Parallel with the race antagonism, which becomes a phobia in the lowest type of British official, is the rapid personality disintegration which takes place in all but the strongest under the influence of the isolated, ingrowing tropical life. The scene of “Burmese Days” is the British outpost of Kyauk- tada, in Upper Burmsa. A few British officials and timber merchants and a few native officials constitute the society, sharply divided. The Irra- waddy River and the jungle bound the settlement. The European Club is its center. Hatreds, intrigue and de- bauchery are its life. Drink and native women are the palliatives for overpowering boredom. Two episodes divide the interest of the story equally and Mr. Orwell has woven them into each other with great art—the plot of the mountainous subdivisional magis- trate U Po Kyin to gain admission to the European Club as a final step in his advancement, accompanied by the blackening of his rival, the native Dr. Veraswami; and the tragic love of the timber agent Flory for Eliza- beth Lackersteen, who has come out to Burma to her uncle and aunt to secure almost any kind of husband, but whose highest ambition is to be- come a “burra memsahib.” A leopard hunt, an earthquake and a native riot are climaxes in continuous action; there are no low spots of interest. It is rarely that a narrative carries such acute consciousness of place. We smell the sickening fragrance of the frangipani tree outside the club house, see the oozy river with its masses of | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTO floating water hyacinth and hear the first heavy drops of the longed-for June rains. * k% % LITTLE ORVIE. By Booth Tarking- ton. Illustrated by George Brehm. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co. THE next book we shall expect from Booth Tarkington will be a tale of the emotions and experiences of an infant from the time of first con- sciousness of the world about him, whenever the psychologists agree that | to recovery. The poor banks, still may be, to the time when he begins to swagger as a real boy. In “Seven- teen” Mr. Tarkington made every serious, self-conscious, susceptible youth see himself; in “Penrod,” he showed the same almost miraculous understanding of the 11-year-old; in “Little Orvie” he creates a boy of eight as real as his literary elder brothers. Master Orvard Stone, partly toothless, is introduced as he is being dressed by the colored servant, Cor- bena, for the wedding anniversary of his grandparents, in which he has no interest whatever. His shyness is a matter of concern to his parents, for excuses on the part of his mother and threats on the part of his father. At the anniversary party little Marie, golden-haired wonder from Kansas City, produces a radical effect on his unformed character. She is spoiled by every one, sings songs and re- cites noems for her elders. Little Orvie hates her and is seized by a desire ‘o *‘do something sparkling and magnificent that would make every- body look at him and clap their hands.” Before long Orvie is taking part in Aunt Fanny's dramatics. The turning point has been reached in his juvenile life and he even becomes boastful, truculent, calls at a truck driver, “You ain't so much, mister”; threatens to throw a lump of coal at the postman. When baby cousin Charlie is broueht for a visit and Orvie is left alone with him, Orvie shows him now he fights, revolving his rdsts and making flails of his arms; the baby cries and all the adults jump to the conclusion that Orvie has an anti-infant fixation. We say, “G'-by, little Orvie,” at a farewell party for little Marie from Kansas City, when grandpa shows less sweetness than is appropriate to his age and promotes an intrigue. Little Marie gives her collie pup, Julie Caesar, to little Orvie, at the same time making at him “the worst face anybody ever saw.” Little Orvie now has three puppies and is perfectly happy, but his parents are secretly hoping that at least one may be parted with to some young cousin. Little Marie shouts “Pig” at Orvie as | she and her parents drive away from grandpa's home. Of course, “Little Orvie” is for adults. BOOKS RECEIVED Non-Fiction. WALK WITH ME, LAD. By Anne Shannon Monroe. Garden City: Doubleday, Doran & Co. PRISONS AND PRISONERS OF THE CIVIL WAR. By Richard F. Hem- merlein. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House. DYNAMIC ETHER. Or the Conver- sion of Energy into Matter. By John Griffiths. Boston: The Christopher Publishing House. ANSWERS TO AWKWARD QUES- TIONS OF CHILDHOOD By Theodore F. Tucker and Muriel Pout. New York: Claude Kendall. I WANTED OUT! By Elsie Robin- son. New York: Farrar & Rine- hart. ENGLISH COSTUME OF THE SEV- ENTEENTH CENTURY. Drawn and Described by Iris Brooke. Lon- don: A. & C. Black, Ltd. DESCRIPTION OF THE “NEW DEAL” (Pamphlet). By Fred Rogers Fairchild, Edgar Stevenson Furniss, Norman Sydney Buck and Chester Howard Whelden, jr. New York: The Macmillan Co. CONVERSATIONAL FRENCH. By Albert Mann, jr. New York: The Macmillan Co. SEA POWER IN THE MODERN WORLD. By Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond, K. C. B. New York: Reynal & Hitchcock. THE HANDS OF DR. LOCKE. By Rex Beach. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. Fiction. DEATH RIDES THE AIR LINES. By William Sutherland. New York: Claude Kendall. MURDER CALLING. Whitelaw. New York: Kendall. MY NEXT BRIDE. By Kay Boyle. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. FOLLY FARM. By Jane Abbott. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co. THE OTHER LOVERS. By Margaret Widdemer. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. THE VENIAL SIN. By Jewel Mon- treau. Boston: Meador Publish- ing Co. ANNE AT LARGE (Juvenile). By Margaret Doane Fayerweather. New York: Robert McBride & Co. PAULO IN THE CHILEAN DESERT (Juvenile). By Margaret Loring ‘Thomas. Indianapolis: The Bobbs- Merrill Co. PUBLIC LIBRARY READING WITH A PURPOSE. SIDE from the pleasures of reading as a recreation, the book is the key to the store- house of the world’s informa- tion. “Reading with a pur- pose” can give an acquaintance with science, the arts, literature, a knowl- edge of the past, and enrich and en- noble day-to-day living, quite apart from providing the background nec- essary to a clear understanding and a sane interpretation of everyday af- fairs. For the person seeking such a back- ground the two series of reading courses sponsored and published by the American Library Association are exactly to the point. Each of these 70 helpful guides, prepared by a spe- cialist, introduces a specific subject and outlines a course of reading which will lead toward a fair understanding of that subject. To some of the courses study outlines are appended. ‘These guides and the books recom- mended may be found at your public library. Ask for the “Reading With a Purpose Series” or “Exploring the Times.” Claude Appreciating the Arts. “Art is more Godlike than science. Science discovers; art creates.”—John Opie. 7. Ears to Hear, by D. G. Mason. 21. Pleasure From Pictures, by H. T. Bailey. 17. Appreciation of Sculpture, Lorado Taft. 23. Architecture, by Lewis Mumford. 55. American Life in Architecture, by P. N. Youtz. Books to Be Remembered. “Old books, as you well know, are books of the world’s youth, and new books are the fruits of its age.”—O. W. Holmes. 4. Great American Books, by D. L. Sharp. by 33. Twentieth Century American |ery, by H. D. Gideonse. Novels, by W. L. Phelps. 2. English Literature, by W. N. C. Carlton. 59. Shakespeare, by F. E. Schelling. 34. English Drama on the Stage,'Kolb. by W. P. Eaton. 37. French Literature, by Irving 1 By David | | ! W. T. Grenfell. What’s Ahead (Continued From Pirst Page.) tion, discouraged new enterprise, frightened investment and taken over a large part of the banking business publicly accused the banks of failing to extend credit essential burdened with frozen assets and bad debts, found themselves with huge excess reserves, large surplus funds, no borrowers to take their money and a heavy pressure from their gov- ernmental overlords to force them to lend in every direction. Retusing Credit Charged. ‘This pressure was relaxed some- what a few months ago, but it has now been revived by the release of a Government report which declares that the banks have been deliberately and willfully refusing legitimate credit to small and medium sized business concerns. The report is directly at variance with what the bankers have reported officially themselves. The Government report is subject to some question as to its representative char- acter statistically, and it is vitiated in part by the inevitable fact that of all the persons that could report on the wisdom of granting loans the least trustworthy are those from whom the Government got its in- formation—the would-be borrowers who have been turned down. But we may assume that the report in some degree approximates a true finding. It is true that some small | industries of good credit rating have been unable to obtain loans. With a naivete that is positively refreshing, the report declares that | this “is indeed an economic mystery of mysteries. It is a financial puzzle that baffles the sincerest thought.” There is no mystery about it. The banks face the same situation that confronts every other business group. We have a Government of experi- ment, by experiment and for experi- ment, and no man knows what will happen to his own business or the other man's business. Small business has been severely injured by the N. R. A. The A A. A. has reduced other lines of industrial activity. The P. W A may at any time invade a Babbitt. | 61. Russian Literature, by Avrahm Yarmolinsky. 54. Scandinavian Literature, by H. A. Larsen. 24. Modern Essay, by S. M. Cmth»“ ers. | 19. Poetry of Our Times, by Mar- guerite Wilkinson 28. Modern Drama, by B. H. Clark. Interesting Men and Events. “History is neither more nor less than biography on & large scale.”— | Lamartine. | 3. Ten Pivotal Figures of History, by A. W. Vernon. | 15. Life of Christ, by R. M. Jones. 31. Founders of the Republic, by C. G. Bowers. 42. George Washington, by A. B Hart. 29. Westward American Settlement, by Hamlin Garland. 25. Americans From Abroad, by J. | P. Gavit. & 20. United States in Recent Times, | by F. L. Paxson 27. Practice of Politics, by Raymond Moley. 63. Representative Twentieth Cen-| tury Americans, by M. A. D. Howe. 41. Pivotal Figures of Science, by A. E. Bostwick. 26. French Revolution in Fiction, by W. S. Davis. 45. English History, by G. H. Locke. | 18. Europe of Our Day, by H. A Gibbons. Thinking for Ourselves. “Thought once awakened does not again slumber."—Carlyle. 6. Frontiers of Knowledge, by J. L. Bennett. 12. Philosophy, by Alexander Mei- klejohn. 14. Religion in Everyday Life, by Developing Mind and Body. “It is the mind that makes the body rich."—Shakespeare. | 11. Psychology and Its Use, by E D. Martin. 16. Mental Hygiene, by F. E. Wil- | liams. 47. Human Body and Its Care, by Morris Fishbein. | 13. Our Children, by M. V. O'Shea. 38. Young Child, by B. T. Baldwin. Our Fellow Man. “He who best knows the world will love it best."—Balzac. 48. Capital and Labor, Fitch. 66. Unemployment, by Aaron Di- rector. 5. Economics, by W. H. Hamilton. 8. Sociology, by H. W. Ogum. 62. Farm Life, by Clarence Poe. 68. The Negro in America, by Alain Locke. 10. Conflicts in American Public Opinion, by W. A. White and W. E. Myer. 27. Practice of Politics, by Raymond Moley. 22. American Education, by W. F. Russell. | 32. Foreign Relations of the United | States, by P. S. Mowrer. 60. International Relations, Isaiah Bowman. 44. Pacific Area, by J. B. Condliffe. 65. Latin America, by J. G. Mc- | Donald. 67. Russia, the Soviet Way, by R. C. Brooks. What Man Has Learned. “Science is a good piece of furniture for a man to have in an upper cham- ber, provided he has common sense on | the ground floor.”—O. W. Holmes. 30. The Stars, by Harlow Shapley. 57. Evolution, by J. A. Thomson. 43. Prehistoric Man, by G. G. Mc- Curdy. 1. Biology, by Vernon Kellogg. 40. Geography, by J. R. Smith. 9. Physical Sciences, by E. E. Slos- by J. A. by #on. 41. Pivotal Figures of Science, by A. E. Bostwick. 56. Invention and Society, by Wal- demar Kaempffert. Occupations and Hobbies. “No thoroughly occupied man was sver yet very miserable.”—Landor. 52. Salesmanship, by J. A. Steven- son. 51, Advertising, by E. E. Calkins. 49. Journalism, by W. G. Bleyer. 64. Short Story Writing, by B. C. ‘Williams. 35. Good English, by V. C. Bacon. 50. Home Economics, by H. W. Atwater. 39. Interior Decoration, by D. C. ‘Watson. 36. Flower Gardening, by S. B. Mitchell. Exploring the Times. “Often do the spirits of great events | stride on before the events; and in today salready walks tomorrow.”— Coleridge. World Depression—World Recov- Collapse or Cycle? by P. H. Douglas. Living with Machines, by W. F. Ogburn. Meeting the Farm Crisis, by J. H. Less Government or More? by Brownlow and Ascher. | controller to satisfy. The F. I D. C. of | | might have legitimately asked: | or are they to be put into operation | compelling State banks to join the| | weighty arguments san be adduced in NOVEMBER 25, for Banking? field already occupied by private in- dustry, while another private indus- try now dependent on public funds may have this support withdrawn. The banks face the problem of ex- tending crédit to enterprises living at the mercy of experiment and inter- ference. A bank that undertakes at this time to lend money to a small industry must not only be a good judge of credit risks, but also a fortune teller. And the banks are not clever at mind reading or soothsaying or political prophecy. A Very keen knowledge of the individual risks involved is neces- sary to successful banking, and it is asking too much to expect the banks to be able also to anticipate the next experiment that Senator Elmer Thomas or the silver bloc or the Amer- ican Federation of Labor or Mr. Rich- berg of the A. A. A. will inflict upon American enterprise. It is not un- natural that some of the banks should have given up commercial banking and gone into the business of security dealing, buying and selling the one commodity whose production will cer- tainly not be restricted over the next decade—namely, United States bonds. But that is not the only explanation of the apathy of bank credit. The banks now have to meet the require- ments and standards of at least three different bosses. Nearly all of them owe money to the R. F. C. in one way or another. They also belong to the insurance fund organization. If they are State banks they still must submit to State control. If they are national banks they have the Fed- eral Reserve requirements and the demands solvency and ample capitali- zation. The administration as a whole demands free credit extension. In the crossfire the smaller and weaker banks do not know where they are. It has been said that one may not success- fully serve two masters. There are some thousands of banks in our coun- try that would regard the opportunity to serve only two masters as a great boon. Hand of Amity Offered. And this is the background of the now famous entente established at the Washington meeting. The banks, buffeted, bruised and groggy, like a prize fighter who has been knocked down in every round by an opponent on whom not a glove has been laid, offered the hand of amity. Their spokesmen made it clear that the banks could not expect the Government to stop feeding the hungry, that they realized that it is rather difficult to balance a budget whea you are spend- ing a great deal more than you have and that they recognized the difficulty establishing a sound currency when you have once thrown meat to the wolves of inflation. In other words, everything is all right just as it is, and the bankers like it just this way. Here are questions the bankers 1. When are we going to have a monetary system and what is it to be? 2. Is there any plan to balance the budget? 3. How many more Government bonds are we going to be compelled to absorb? 4. How long is the adulteration of | our currency with silver to continue? 5. Are the suicidal provisions of the Thomas inflation act to be repealed by executive order? 6. How long is the Government to remain a partner of the banks? 7. Is the Federal Reservc Board to be restored to its former position or is it to be abolished? 8. How long is a politically ap- pointed Secretary of the Treasury to be permitted to have a secret fund of $2,000,000.000 for manipulation of the securities market? 9. What does the administration plan to do about the temporary and uncertain guaranty plan? 10. If the temporary guaranty is to | be made permanent, will the provision | Federal Reserve be enforced? 1If so, | why does not the administration state directly that it expects to force a uni-: fied system of banking on the coun- | try? 11. What is the prospect that in- | dustry will be free from interference, so that loans to industry can be made | safely? 12. Is the administration going to | fight the inevitable effort in the next Congress to nationalize the banks? Nationalization of Banks. As has been recently pointed out by James Warburg, the nationalization of banking is the first essential step in the establishment of Socialism. There is a widespread and powerful move- ment in this country for nationaliza- tion of all the banks. The danger of nationalization is probably remote. Not so in the case of a central bank. Some rather favor of such an institution. Our Federal Reserve system, from the standpoint of international activities, is badly decentralized, and an efficient central bank under competent man- agement could be a useful instrumen- tality in these parlous days of inter- national juggling with currencies. In domestic affairs such a bank would have a degree of control over credit policies and investment never at- tained by our politically appointed Federal Reserve Board with its in- choate rediscount control and feeble open market activties. Any sort of central bank in this country, in which the financial poli- cies of the Nation are dictated by pop- ular elections, would face two horns of a dilemma. If it should by some miracle of organization obtain inde- pendent control of the Nation's credit and adopt sane and conservative pol- icies, it would be destroyed by mob anger and polftical demagoguery. Economic historians are inclined to the judgment that the one efficient Federal Government enterprise in the history of this nation was the Second United States Bank. And solely be- cause of this efficiency it was the most. bitterly hated institution in American political history. It died a tragic death. The other and more likely denoue- ment would be a central bank under direct domination of the current ad- ministration. If the Chief Executive wished to curry favor with the silver interests, or the agricultural interests, or the export interests, or the cheap money mob, the bank would be the pliant instrumentality. In this case the bank would endure, but national solvency might not. The banks want a balanced budget. They want a sound currency. They do not subscribe to the squander theory of curing depression which John Maynard Keynes has persuaded 2 nation of 135,000,000 people to adopt, even though his own more sensible na- tion laughs at it. They do not want a central bank. They do not want nationalization of the banks. They do want the Federal Reserve restored to its powers, strengthened and divorced from political control. By uniting on these common objec- tives and bringing their still powerful | influence to bear on public opinion and legislation they can achieve all these objectives. But before they can do this they must agree on two really minor matters which loom like moun- tains in the path of united action among them. The numerically great, but financially unimportant, thousands of smali State banks must come into the Federal Reserve. 1934—PART TWO. Contract BY P. HAL SIMS. Mr. Sims is universally acclaimed the greatest living contract and auction player. He was captain of the renowned “Four Horsemen” team, now disbanded, and has won 24 national champion- ships since 1924. These articles are based on the Sims system, which includes the ome-over-ome principle, which the §ims group of players was the first to employ and develop. Following the Crowd. HE best policy in match point duplicate is to play a hand where all the other teams are sure to play it. Even if you go down, you have the com- forting assurance that every one else has gone down as well. If you see 150 aces, you may be pretty certain that the prevalent con- tract will be three no trump. If you hold a six-card suit with 100 henors, you can rely on the fact that every other North will insist upon playing the contract in hearts. Take the fol- lowing hand for example: »Q-J-10-8-x N e-xx- VJ-x-X-X 0K-Q10-9 VIF ¢3xxx H0-X-X-X With the normal opening of a dia- mond, South will lose three diamonds, a club and a spade, or, if he plays a small spade to the ten in order to take the club finesse, East will win the fourth round of diamonds and shove through a heart. Nevertheless, three no trumps is the correct con- tract, not because four spades might not be made, but because every team will play the hand in three no trumps, and if you are set for four spades through trying to be different, you'll get a cold bottom. The 150 aces are the deciding factors. Strange as it seems, the only con- tract which can be made easily is the unusual one of five clubs. The one team that played the hand at four spades got enough phychic bid- ding from the opponents to baffle South After two passes. East bid one dia- | mond. South doubled fervently West bid one heart. North passed and East cheerily went up to two hearts. South had no idea that the opponents were trying to put some- thing over on him. Oh, no! He realized that he could double two hearts and also handle the rescue bid of three diamonds, but he feared that he had a vulnerable game in the hand. Therefore he jumped at once to four spades. ‘With three finesses to take, the only way for Sduth to play the hand is to leave the room ever so often and then come back and play out the dummy. The best method of handling the hand is to win the second diamond lead, ruff a diamond in dummy and take the club finesse. The ace of clubs drops East's king. assuming that East doesn’'t cover. South can now lay down three rounds of spades. West will win the third round with the queen and exit gracefully with his last diamond. If West were only holding the lead at that point. South could afford to discard a small heart, since West would have to lead either hearts or clubs then, but in view of the fact that East will be on lead with the jack of diamonds, South must ruff and then decide whether West holds the king of hearts doubleton or ! the jack. If he guesses correctly, he makes four spades, losing one heart, one spade and one diamond. Tomorrow's Hand. The above hand merely involves a little problem in bidding. North can definitely obtain the contract for two diamonds, even though South, as a duplicate player, will attempt to play the hand in a major suit. Two diamonds with 100 honors is more than three hearts, however. (Copyright. 1934 ) Mr. Sims will answer all inguiries on con- | tract that are addressed to this hewspaper with self-addressed. stamped envelope. LIBRARY ASS.OCIATIbN PLANS ARE DISCUSSED First Meeting on Proposal Held by Arlington County Group. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ARLINGTON COURT HOUSE, Va., November 24 —Preliminary plans which may lead to formation of en Arlington County Library Association were discussed yesterday at a meet- | ing of representatives of various li-| A braries in the county with County Manager Roy S. Braden. ‘The subject. of a county associa- tion has been discussed for some time, but yesterday's meeting was the first actual step in that directior. Another will be held later, after yes terday's discussions have been car- ried back to governing bodies of the several library groups, and it is ex- pected a series of similar meetings will be held to perfect plans. ‘While no definite program was out- lined, it is proposed to establish a central library somewhere in the county, with the existing five or six smaller libraries as its branches. Notes of Art and Artists (Continued From Fourth Page.) may be called the lay of the land. “The Giant Oak” is a very interest- ing and able tree study in afternoon light, “The Mantle of Desuetude,” an admirable study of an old mill, idle. Mr. Motley’s paintings are perhaps s little photographic, and when he in & house or barn, it has an inclina- tion to jump out of the picture, up- setting the balance of his color scheme. But he has a fine pictorial sense, and these are minor matters easily remedied, or perhaps not in need of remedying, from his and oth- ers’ point of view. As a whole he makes a very attractive showing. * K oK % 'HE LANDSCAPE CLUB, of which Mr. Motley is a member, is hold- ing an exhibition during the whole of November in the sun room at the Mount Pleasant branch of the Pub- lic Library. In the center of the wall, opposite the entrance has been placed a Winter picture, “Snow, Rock Creek Park,” by A. H. O. Rolle, to the right of which is hung Minor Jamesor’s “Gray Seaport” and to the left, on an upper line, Benson Moore's colorful little picture, “October.” The more one sees Mr. Jameson's wharf picture | the more one finds to admire in it, with its beautiful related, subtle tones. | 0. R. Carrington makes excellent | contributions to this exhibition in a | painting in high key entitled “April” and in a picture of “Pickering Creek," a woodland study rendered with great delicay and feeling. Roland Lyon is at his best in a painting of a “Yellow House.” Roger Rittase, the secretary of the club, is admirably represented by a vigorous painting of trees and fields, “Windy Autumn,” while from Tom Brown, no longer resident here, has come a charming rendition of a homely subject, “Addington Mills,” in which he has found and manifested | beauty. Garnet Jex shows a char- | acteristic Midsummer landscape and picture of boat houses at Boothbay | Harbor on a gray day and an equally unusual, briskly painted scene, “Low Water, Potomac Gorge,” to which the bright yellow leaves of a sapling in the foreground add a welcome note | of color. Utterly different from his snow picture is Mr. Rolle’s painting of a boat, “A Potomac Bugeye,” seen through a shimmering mist, and equally well rendered. The sun room in this branch U- brary is an excellent place for an ex- hibition, but in the present instance the walls are a little overcrowded, which is detrimental to effect. LI | M UCH interest has been manifested “¥% in the exhibition of woven fab- rics by Emmy Sommer of this city, which opened a week ago in the Cor- coran Gallery of Art to continue through December 2. This occupies the little southeast corner gallery on the first floor, wherein has been set up Mrs. Sommer’s loom, on Which she is giving, during the course of the exhibition, demonstrations. On this loom Mrs. Sommer is weaving a tapestry, now perhaps half finished. in accordance with the method em- ployed by the great tapestry weavers of all time. But she also explains and makes plain the adaptability of the loom to other kinds of weaving. Since 1918 Mrs. Sommer has taught weaving and other crafts in the oc- cupational therapy department at Walter Reed General Hospital, but she was born in Copenhagen, Den- | mark, and before leaving her native country worked for nine years for the Danish National Museum, “Frederiks- borg Castle” This won for her a scholarship permitting the study of Gobelin tapestry weaving and the privilege, rarely given by the French government, of working in the fac- tories Nationale des Gobelins in Paris and at Beauvais, under M. Geoffr | Other scholarships enabled her to e: | tend her studies in Italy and London. She was at one time associated with the art department of the Royal Dan- ish Porcelain Factory, in research | work and decorating. With such ap- prenticeship and background of ex-, perience the variety and excellence of the work that Mrs. Sommer shows seems logical, but none the less signi- ficant. It is indeed beautifully varied and technically very fine. The col- lection comprises fabrics of wool, linen, silk, cotton and even jute, in a great variety of weaves, creating diversity in texture and with colors | admirably combined. There are in this exhibition scarfs, towels, runners, spreads, curtains, rugs, table covers, dress materials, flawless in execution but with the touch of originality, and at absurdly low price. To our fancy, | Mrs. Sommer's conventional designs are better than her naturalistic ones, and it is the former which in almost | every instance she has applied to articles of utility. In some way, per- haps because of our swift moving present-day life, we seem to have ! lost the art of woven pictures so su- | perlatively practiced by the Flemish | tapestry weavers of earlier centuries. There is much talk and speculation today concerning the use that will be made of increased leisure time given | by the new work schedules. Why not turn to the crafts, and among them, most alluring, that of weaving? In ! this country we have neglected the | crafts too long. Even in a machine | age’ they have their place, and as | Mrs. Sommer shows, a very big place. * ok ok x T THE present moment, however, crafts, especially that of weav | seem to be to the fore here in Wash- ington, for while Mrs. Sommer is exhibiting in the Corcoran Gallery, | | Francis T. Miller'’s rugs and Dorothy Wright's weavings are being shown in | the display rooms of the Elsie Cobb | Wilson Co. at 1709 H street, and some | very remarkable weavings in color | from classic patterns done by the blind in Italy were for two or three | days this pest week set forth at the | Mayflower Hotel. The rugs by Frances T. Miller, which will be on view until Thurs- day, are an adaptation of an old American craft technique. They are Who Are You? T’IG Romance BY RUBY HASKINS ELLIS. is & Scottish local surname, originating from the lands of Brodie in County Moray. In the QGaelic language, the word “brodie” signified & ditch or mire correspond- ing to the Saxon word “dyke,” and 4 TH!S Of YDIl' Name it was originally spelled “broth.” The surname Brodie was first as- sumed by one Michael, son of Mal- colm, known as the “Thane of Brothie and Dyke,” who in 1311 had a charter of lands of Brothie from King Robert Bruce, and from them took his tribal or family name. In old writings the name was spelled “Brothie,” but was later softened to the well-known form of Brodie. The ancestral home of the Brodies, called “Brodie House,” was burned by Lord Lewis Gordon, later the third Marquis of Huntley, and most of the early writings and records of the fam- ily were destroyed. Other branches of this clan are Brodies of Lethen and Brodies of Eastbourne, Sussex. One Brodie was made a baronet in 1834. ‘The name of Brodie is well repre- sented in the United States, and most of those who bear it trace their | lineage to the Brodies of Moray. (Copyright, 1934.) k| introduces a note of strong color, as “hooked,” but in a completely up-to- date and sophisticated manner. The designs are by Mrs. Miller and the work is. executed under her super- vision. In some instances a plain color is used and the pattern pro- duced by shearing or by reworking. ‘The material used is very soft, the knots very close together, the shear- ing extremely even, with the result | that a beautiful texture is procured, one which pleases the eye and tempts the touch. But in some instances varied colors are used in striking de- signs, as of leaves and flowers scat- |tered over a dark carpet. Under | these circumstances the pattern is woven-in and pronounced. One | large green-blue rug represents the | swiri of the sea with rhythmical lines expressive of unceasing motion—very modernistic but by no means restful. Among the woven fabrics, also d signed by Mrs. Miller but from the looms of Miss Wright, are curtains and covers of a very distinctive chai- acter. These are woven on a coarse mesh in wools and silks. etc.. of varied thickness, closely or openly as de- sired for effect, and in well-toned colors. They are novel and pleasing The machine undoubtedly has its | place, a place under some conditions unrivaled in multiple service, but its products can never possess the qual- | ity and individuality of those directly produced by the hand of man—the trained art-craftsman. * k% % | THE Washington Society of Etchers | is holding an exhibtion of mem- bers’ works at the Art League, 1503 | Twenty-first street. Twenty of the 40 prints lately sent out on circuit arc included. in duplicate. in this show. | Benson Moore shows three color etch- ings of birds or fowls which are of unique interest. Ruel P. Tolman, head | of the division of graphic art of the | United States National Museum and | acting director of the National Gal- lery of Art, contributes a group of :etchmgs made as Christmas greeting cards for personal friends. all par- ticularly intimate and pleasing. John | C. Claghorn, who, by the way. has returned to Florida for the Winter, exhibits three very sensitive dry points of trees and bits of woodland, while from 1Inez Demonet come three prints—pure etching and excellent pro- fessional quality, two of which are Chinese subjects, “Junks” and “Yang- stze Night,” the last very lovely. J. Allen Sherwin is at his best in a nu figure of a girl swinging. delicately rendered in line. Lesley Jackson shows local subjects. Gabrielle Clem- ents architectural themes: Minnie L. Briggs, flowers and landscapes. Among others well represented are Mr. Mille holen and Miss Eva Springer. x % £ * 'HE Art League of Washington an- nounces the formation of a free painting class to be held on Tuesday evenings from 8:30 to 10:30 o'clock. At the first meeting and through the month of December a model will pose for portrait or costume painting and sketching. No instruction will be given and no fee will be charged. * x ok % THE first annual Fine Arts Exposi- tion sponsored by the Antique and Decorative Arts League. Inc., New Yerk. in the forum. Rockefeller Center, which opened earlv this month to con« tinue until December 1. is of extraore dinary interest. It con s of rooms in series on two floors. filled. in orderly arrangement, with the most perfect examples of furniture and furnishings of the great periods. These rooms, which would seem to have been taken from dwelling houses, carry with them an -atmosphere of breeding and ele- gance at the same time that they dis- play works of finest of the decorative arts. In point of time, the gamut runs from an Aphrosite of classical -Greek origin to a Venus in modernistic manner by Epstein. In the Oriental section a fresco of Chinese origin, dated about 890 AD, is of great in- terest. The showing of English fur- niture of the eighteenth century is exceedingly fine. as is also that of French furniture and furnishings. Mrs. Roosevelt. who attended and spoke at the opening of this exhibition, is one of the exhibitors. showing a room full of Val-Kill furniturs ‘wrought by Hyde Park Village craft-- men. one of her pet and exceedingly practical hobbies. TWO YOUNG MEN HURT WALKING ON HIGHWAY Philadelphia Man, Driver of Car, Held for Reckless Driving. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. BERWYN, Md., November 24 —Two young men were injured here early today when struck by an automobile while walking along the Baltimore Boulevard. They were Milton Simms, 18, and Buddie Byrant, 17, employes of a local bowling alley. Simms had part of one ear torn off and suffered head lacera- tions, while Byrant suffered from shock and leg injuries. At Casualty Hospital. where they were taken by the Bladensburg Rescue Squad, it is reported their condition is not serious. Harry W. Frapkin of Philadelphia, Pa., was arrested by County Police- man Claude Reese as the driver of the car which hit the men. He was charged with reckless driving and bond set at $500. MANSLAUGHTER CHARGE IN ACCIDENT DROPPED Special Dispatch to The Star. ROCKVILLE, Md., November 24.— A charge of manslaughter against Ed- win E. Howes, young resident of the Brookeville neighborhood, growing out of the fatal injury, near Brookeville, of Dan Doherty, World War veteran, of Glen Echo, on October 20, when he was struck by an automobile al- legedly operated by Howes, was dis- missed by Judge Donald A. De Lash- mutt in Police Court here yesterday. It was shown that Doherty stepped immediately in the path of Howes' machine, and that the accident was unavoidable. A charge of reckless driving against Howes also was dismissed. No More Gas In Stomach and Bowels | n: as Tablet: especially for the bad effects resulting w and o, again be able to take a deep breath without discomfort. That di dinner wil it gas interfering _wil cireulation. Get the genuine, in t yellow package. at any xood drux store. Price $1.—Advertisement.