Evening Star Newspaper, November 25, 1934, Page 32

D—2 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, NOVEMBER 25, 1934—_PART TWO. —_— L= THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Edition. WASHINGTGN,D.C. SUNDAY....November 25, 1934 THEODCRE W. NOYES. .Editor — e The Evening Star Newspaper Company ‘Business Office. 11th 8t. and ‘Pennsylvania Ave. New York Office: 110 East 42nd St ago Office: Lake Michigan Bullding. pean Office: 14 Re:em 8t.. Lrndon. ngland. Rate by Carrier Within the City. rular Edition. e Evening 45c per month 9 Evening ‘when 4 ar_. T2 and Sunday Star Sundays) . 60c per month The Evening and Sunday Star (when 6 Sundays) 85¢ per month The Sunday Star. .. . Bc ver copy Night Final Edition, Night Final and Sunday Star. ;M per month | Night Final Star 5¢ per month Collection nade at the end of each month _ Orders may_be sent in by mai' or telephone NAtional 5000 Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. atly and Su; aily only. unday onl: All Other States and Canada. Datly and Sunday, 11, $12.00 .$1.00 Siadayoms 11 135 $5:00 5.00; 1 mo.! Member of the Associated Press, The Associated Press is exclusively en titied to the use for republication of all ews dispatches credited to it or not other- wise credited in this paper and also the local news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also reserved. : 1 mo. ; 1 mo. s0c A Petition to the President. The petition, described elsewhere in the columns of today's Star, which has been received by the President from the Citizens' Joint Committee on Fiscal Relations Between the United States and the District of Co- lumbia, represents an appeal for ac- tion on his part, through the Bureau of the Budget, to correct the imme- diate source of one inequity in appro- priating for the District in the next fiscal year. Correction of this inequity would lie, in part, in an increase in the Federal lump sum. The appeal is directed to the President because the recommendation of an increase of the lump sum comes to him auto- matically from his Budget Bureau as | a question of administrative policy, to be decided finally by him alone. Congress, under his administration, has shown a disposition to follow his budget recommendations. A rec- ommendation from the President, through the Bureau of the Budget, to increase the lump sum would doubt- less be as effective as a previous rec- ommendation from the bureau which Congress followed in temporary re- duction of the lump sum. The argument which accompanies the petition confines itself largely to the equitable considerations which naturally support and strengthen the plea for a larger Federal contribution, It thus supplements, without dupli- cating, the effective arguments already placed by the Commissioners, the Board of Trade and other civic or- ganizations before the Bureau of the Budget, in which the practical con- sideration of necessarily providing ad- ditional revenue to meet accumulated and growing needs of the District has been emphasized. In arguing for the greater lump sum, the petitioning citizens emphasize again the desirability, from an equi- table and practical standpoint, of & return to the fixed ratio system of ap- propriations, and while realizing that appropriations practice is a matter tkhat lies with Congress rather than the President, the fact is by implica- tion noted that a recommendation by the President carries not prestige alone, but is practical guarantee of full and fair consideration by Con- gress, The President is asked to recom- mend an increase in the Federal con- tribution: to exclude, from the esti- mate of recommended local appropri- ations such national or semi-national projects as may be financed separately or in other supply bills, setting forth the exact methods of financing in relation to amounts contributed by Nation and Capital; to recommend, in his budget message, a maximum on local appropriations as well as maximum on the national contribu- tion, or to recommend to Congress that by referendum, or otherwise, the | local taxpayers be permitted to hive an effective say in regard to the amount of their local taxes and the purpose for which local taxes are spent. The President, it is hoped, will, in his consideration of the petition, take the opportunity to manifest not only his interest in the material develop- ment of the National Capital, but in the welfare of its politically im- potent citizens, whose right of peti- tion-is one of the few which they can exercise as Americans, . Christmas Seals. The 1934 Christmas Seals in aid of the National Tuberculosis Society's campaign against the white plague will go on sale this week. In the de- sign is depicted the famous “little red house” at Saranac Lake, where Dr. Edward Livingston Trudeau began his work fifty years ago. The building is shown in a Winter landscape with the familiar two-barred cross sketched against the sky—a symbol of hope not very different from that seen by the Emperor Constantine with the motto “In hoc signo vinces,” meaning: “By this sign shalt thou conquer.” And the parallel is apt. The strug- gle against tuberculosis has succeeded far in excess of the expectations of its first leaders. By processes of educa- tion millions have been saved from the ravages of the dread disease, and thousands of others, once ill, now are cured. The fever which within the memory of living individuals com- monly was considered fatal has yielded its hold and is being van- quished step by step and month by month as organized medicine, soci- ology and philanthropy continue with ever-increasing power the drive launched half a century back. How much the Christmas Seals have helped since their invention in 1907 no one can tell. Their worth to the movement has been great be- yond computation. They have dram- atized and democratized the cause to which they are dedicated. Especially during the depression they have been .. 98¢ | effectively pragmatic. Each repre- sents a penny, and even 50 small & sum can be an element of strength to life in a war with death. This year the need is more compelling than usual, because poverty is sllied with| tuberculosis as never before. The sale, | for that reason, should be record- breaking. Every man, woman and child should buy at least a few “little red houses” for Christmas packages and letters. The Soviet and France. Nothing could more unmistakably depict the state of anxiety and alarm in which present-hour Europe has its being than the statement made in the French Chamber of Deputies on Fri- day that in case of war the Soviet Army is at the service of France. ‘While the Paris foreign office denies that any formal pact of military alliance has been signed, the Cham- ber accepted without question the assurance of the Soviets' pledge as it was detalled by M. Archimbaud, re-| porter general of the army budget, and then passed the military appro- priations for 1935, aggregating $838,- 000,000, At the same time came inti- mations from Gen. Maurin, the min- ister of war, that it might soon be necessary for France to increase the term of conscript military service from one year to eighteen months or two years. M. Archimbaud, who announced to the Chamber the Soviet Union's readi- ness to fight alongside the French Army in the event of an emergency, is the same deputy who startled France a few days earlier by declaring that Germany would soon be able to put 5,500,000 trained men in the fleld and is now perfecting Rer military | establishment intensively in all direc- tions, It is the Soviet, M. Archim- baud reveals, that first warned France of German activities, and the offer of a military qflgnu by Moscow was the result. The military reporter gen- eral of the Chamber laments that there is thus restored the old balance of power system in Europe, but in- | sists that Prance is not to blame and that “above all, we must avold the horrors of & new war.” The French do not disguise the fact that their fears of alleged German preparations inspire the republic's vast military measures. “There is reason for anxiety,” Col. Fabry, presi- dent of the army commission, told the Chamber. “There are 600,000 men in German barracks, and twenty-one di- visions, ready to be doubled, will soon be organized. German swiation will presently comprise ®h® hundred squadrons. The production of mate- rials is being actively pushed.” Whether the Nazi government is proceeding on the lines which France charges or not, the French are un- questionably persuaded, as M. Arch- imbaud puts it, that “a profound dis- aster threatens” unless they make themselves more formidable on land and in the air, and public sentiment apparently supports such a policy. French anxiety seems to be on the increase as the Saar plebiscite ap- proaches. The whole European sit- uation conjures up slight prospect for any tangible measure of disarmament in the visible future. The Old World is under the influence of an invinei- ble war psychology. The year is fad- ing in an atmosphere of international jitters such as gripped the nations prior to the outbreak of the confla- gration of 1914. It is a sad outlook, and a grave one. The Luminous Brain. Fantastic was the exhibit of the luminescent brain witnessed by mem- bers of the National Academy of Sei- ences at their Cleveland meeting last week. It was symbolic of the light- giving function of this organ which has been the searchlight of mankind's craft in the strange voyage of the race through unknown, dark seas of time in search of the promised land whose mirage ever recedes as it is ap- proached. But the radiating proper- tles of the cerebrum are not to be considered as any supernatural mani- festation, but as depending, without question, upon ascertainable laws of physiology. It is more than an hypothesis that the behavior of the brain is essentially electrical—that thought itself is an extraordinarily complicated electrical process. One of the latest techniques of the neurologist, in fact, is study of the infinitesimably small electrical reactions of this highest center of the central nervous system. There has long been a theory that the brain actually acts as a human sending sta- tion for something vaguely in the na- ture of radio impulses which can be received by other brains at & distance. If this theory ever should be proved it would tend to explain much that now is essentially inexplicable, The scientific method of explaining the phenomena of the luminous brain will be to approach it on the besis of fundamental physical —and possibly chemical—principles. It will seek to determine the wave length of the luminosity and its place in the energy spectrum. This was only one of the remarkable phenomena exhibited or reported at the Cleveland meeting, but it obviously held the first place in public interest. It appealed to the public taste for the mystical and the spectacular. Science itself is far from regarding these aspects with disrespect and realizes that the spectacular often leads to new knowledge of the fundamental principles that underlie all phenom- ena. The investigation of nervous luminosity, and the kindred problem of the so-called mitogenetic radiation sent out from living things, is one of the most fascinating paths on the sci- entific horizon. Health for Promotion. ‘The Mount Pleasant Citizens’ Asso- ciation’s recommendation that “all remediable defects be remedied be- fore a pupil is permitted to pass from one grade to another” is too arbitrary and smacks too much of Spartanism, not to mention other forms of regi- ’menhuon. to win general approval. In 1923 Dr. Ballou proposed some- thing of the same sort, but in modified form, and merely as one of & num- ber of several points that might be emphasized in a health program. Dr. Ballou’s point was: Reasonable insistence on satisfac- tory correction of physical defects for promotion from grade to grade and graduation, the same as in other sub- jects taught in elementary and high schools. But Dr. Ballou and others realize the delicacy involved in even “rea- sonable insistence,” for the relation- ship is not between the teacher and the pupll, but between the teacher and the parent. If the public schools attempt to place remedy of remediable physical defects—such as bad teeth, poor vision and parasitical unmen- tionables—on a par with mastery of reading, ‘riting and ’rithmetic as re- quired subjects in promotion and graduation, then the schools must at the same time undertake to provide medical treatment facilities as they now seek to provide mental education facilities. But the schools should be able to accomplish a great deal in formulat- ing a well-developed program of health education. And when the schools have succeeded in convincing the younger generation of the advan- tages of good health—and of simple cleanliness—they will have gone a long way in making such a program effective. e A glance at a picture of ferocious- looking foot ball players makes it easier to understand why college pro- fessors find it hard to enforce disci- pline. —re———————— Byrd's Antarctic explorations have disclosed some geographical areas which cause relief because of no pos- sible plans to grab it by force of arms 11 necessary. —_——————— Gov. Ritchie has no doubt been able to give Mr. Nice valuable ad- vice, but will hardly undertake to in- truct him in how to become & four- time Governor. ————————— Only one objection can be offered to the Nobel prize. The awards come so frequently that creative genius finds it hard to keep up with them. —_—rate——— Henry Ford is a wizard at making motor cars, but is depending on ordi- nary minds for devices to keep them out of the hands of reckless persons. ‘The drop in security values is said to trouble G. Bryan Pitts but little. The Lorton Reformatory at least af- fords security from the office grind. —_—————————— Sam Insull is a disappointed finan- cler. As a music promoter he is en- titled to recall philosophically that impresarios almost invariably go broke. Munitions makers might go on strike. The problem then would be to prevent highly capitalized boot- leggers from getting busy. —_————————— History may regard Hitler as a soap-box orator who ran away with an entire government. ——e— Business is certain to resume, but not in all cases with the same names over the door. SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Incompletion. We live along from day to day In toil that grows pathetic. We face in some mysterious way A problem arithmetic. The student takes a hand; likewise ‘The singer and the dancer. No matter how each person tries, Few reach the proper answer. Some one says 2+2 make five, As fancy proves a rover. ‘Then seeks a method to contrive To work the whole thing over, But life is short, the years go by In futile calculation. Among the theories we must try May be “reincarnation.” Vote Getting. “What are you going to say in reply to that man who calls you a moron?” “Nothing that might discourage him,” answered Senator Sorghum. “If I can rally the entire moron vote to my support I fancy I shall be pretty strong.” Jud Tunkins says there is relativity even in an election. Recounts are de- manded in spite of precautions, on the theory that some ballots are better than others. Munitions, Munitions makers all agree That war is a bad habit, But none the less each Fall we see The shotgun and the rabbit. In human natures ever dwells A latent love of gunning. The big advantage still compels The weak to do the running. Improvement. “Is business improving?” interviewer. “Yes,” answered Mr. Dustin Stax. “We're getting rid of a lot of chiselers. Business is improving morally as well as mathematically.” asked the “I bow to superior elegance,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown. “YetI am pained to find that my neighbor, Hi Hat, sometimes has to visit the pawnbroker before his cook goes to the grocery store.” Allotments, ‘The naval ratio brings a care ‘Which we cannot neglect. If any game is to be fair The deal must be correct. No naval radio should be planned For any serious use That puts the aces in one hand, ‘While others get the deuce. “Electioneerin’,” said Uncle Eben, “makes a plitical job look to me like it called foh some o' the hardest work on earth” 1 Thanksgiving’s Larger Meaning BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES E. Bishop of Most of our life is lived within the limited sphere of our homes and places of occupation. Even to those whose lives have opportunities for change and variety there is much that is dull and monotonous. Some one has said that “a man is no larger than the place in which he lives.” We do not believe that this is true of all of us, for there are men and women who, closely con- fined and restricted, live in a far larger world than the place in which they reside. As a matter of fact, some of the greatest benefactors the world has known have lived within limited areas. They resisted and overcame the influences that con- spired to make them narrow and insular. Neither wealth nor poverty affected them, physical aMictions could not limit them or restrict their fields of occupation. Their souls were as big as the world. Such men and women are rare, the average of us are not of this dimension. Our modern world has done much to stretch the curtains of our habita- tion, and it is possible, even for those whose lives are closely confined, to get larger visions of life, The radio is a factor to be reckoned with in this new world of ours. It may prove to be one of the mightiest factors in deepening our sympathies, broadening our intelligence and giv- ing us a finer vision of human values. It certainly is to be reckoned with in breaking down prejudices and narrow views and giving us a more generous understanding of institutions and agencies that are allen to us. Our small and petty judgments suffer a check and a rebuke as we come to get points of view that we have never before entertained and from sources that we have held under suspicion. In our life as a people there is need that we should get broader and more compreliensive views of our cor- porate life. The city, State and sec- tional areas in which we live tend to make us insular; we think in local terms and rarely do we get the larger national point of view. As a matter of fact we are still a nation of unassimilated racial elements. Our great metropolitan centers contain more foreign than native born. Apart FREEMAN, D. D, LL. D, D, Washington from this, we are provincial. There are days in ouy calendar that are designed to stretch our horizons, days in which we are asked to think in larger terms. Thanksgiving is such a day. It calls for the national recognition of our common fellowship, the national recognition of the opportunities and privileges we share as a people. When we appraise our own lot, however large or small it may be, in the light of what our portion is in the ad- versity or prosperity of the Nation as & whole, we are compelled to recog- nize that we are partners in a vast enterprise, and that we play an essen- tial part in making it what it is. We cannot live the life of a hermit in a world as closely knit as ours. The old admonition comes to us at this time with fresh emphasis: “As we all men.” Our Thanksgiving must mean more than gratitude for what we have of family blessings, for what we have received of personal gifts and satis- faction. The opportunity of doing good unto all men implies a creed that is sufficiently broad and generous to be inclusive of all those with whom we share the prosperity or adversity of our country. The opportunity has never been greater, the need more fess of loyalty to our national ideals, than now. If this latest Thanks- giving day could find us in a more generous and responsive mood, if it could break down our narrow and in- sular ways, if it could find us more more of selfless service for the less fortunate of our fellows, it would mark a new day in our history. Let us be thankful in a larger, more prac- tical way than we have ever known, and so hasten the day when all men within our great estate shall be grate- ful for what God has bestowed upon us as a people. We are looking for better days ahead; they will surely come when we as a people make every day a day of thanksgiving, by a service to our fellows that insures to every home those indispensable things that contribute to content- ment, happiness and peace. Brain Trust and N. R. A. Held Facing, Changes With Convening of Congress BY OWEN L. SCOT™ Strange and mysterious changes are taking place in Washington. One of them discloses the New Deal away on a honeymoon with bankers and busi- ness men. Already the gossips have it that this affair won't last very long. Then you hear whispers about breath-taking plans of many kinds taking shape for presidential con- sideration, only fo be advised in an- other whisper not to believe a thing you hear for the next six weeks, or until Congress arrives. Too many deals are in the fire, too many trial balloons are going up, too many plans are being concocted just for study. But the strangest of strange changes concern two once famed New Deal institutions. One is the now mysterious National Recovery Admin- istration. The other.is the mysterious—and probably soon be forgotten—"brain trust.” There are those who contend that the “brain trust” really never did exist except in imagination, and consequently can- not now be resurrected for observa- tion. 8till, enough hullaballoo was raised about its one-time members to justify wonder about their fate in this period when officials are think- ing up ways and means to keep Con- gress absorbed and out of trouble. That formerly was the “brain trust” Job. * ok ok % Similarly, at this time, when a Con- gress is_coming to decide the future of N. R. A, you would expect to find that organization all bustle and energy. As a matter of fact, there | probably is no more bewildered and bedraggled & bird in the country to- day than the Blue Eagle. Its own custodians are having a hard time deciding what should be done to save the life of this New Deal creature that was offered to the people as a depres- sion breaker. Their prescription prob- ably will depend on a diagnosis of the place that N. R. A, can fill in the country’s industrial system. Ideas on this score vary greatly. To Gen. Hugh Johnson, now retired, tbe Blue Fagle was all-powerful and sacred. He said in taking leave of his staff: “You can treasure in your hearts your part in as great a social ad- vance as has occurred on this earth since a gaunt and dusty Jew in Pal- estine declared, as a new principle in human relationships, ‘The king- dom of heaven is within you,’ the Sermon on the Mount and the Golden Rule.” But to the more realistic economists who analyzed N. R. A. for the Na- tional Planning Board that organiza- tion is “best understood as the faint beginnings of a new economic order in the United States” They said of it, in preparing a report for the President: . “To what end it will evolve will depend upon the alignment of social forces in the United States, even as today it reflects the domination of organized business seeking profit. “Far more likely than its repeal is its evolution into a center of social struggle in which all groups attempt not to kill, but to control, this pow- erful agency.” In the quiet of the offices once kept in turmoil by Gen. Johnson, as he drove ahead frantically to get all industry under codes, there now is taking place the preliminary skirmish in this struggle. What comes out must first go to the President and then to Congress for consideration and approval or rejection. But, in any event, the best judgment is that the secrecy and the calm and the evasiveness of officials are not pre- liminary to an autopsy on the Blue Eagle. Rather, they are part of the effort to shape something consistent and practical out of a mass of con- tradictions, * ok % % Just what is back of all this? What has happened to upset both the “brain trust” and its principal brain child? Where are those members of the “trust” now, and what are they doing that differs from what they have done in the past? The trouble, apparently, with N. R. A and with the “brain trusters” as well, is that they did not produce expected results. Both had the fur- ther unfortunate faculty of offering a conspicuous target for those who opposed what was going on in Wash- ington. The combination preved too much. So Congress is coming again, and this time the Chamber of Commerce of the United States and the National Association of Manufacturers are gel ting official attention for their legis- lative proposals, while Dr. Rexford Guy Tugwell, .Dr. James M. Landis, Dr. Mordecai Ezekial and other one- time shapers of New Deal legislation are kept in the background. Only & year ago business men were in 8 cold sweat over Dr. Tugwell's ideas and plans. Bankers were re- | acting in the same manner to the efforts of Dr. Landis to contral the securities business, while all industry was deeply stirred by plans of Tom Corcoran and Ben Cohen to frame legislation calling for control of se- curity exchanges. The only “brain truster” who was pretty much lost sight of at that time was David Lil- ienthal, who appeared to be puttering around down in the Tennessee Valley. ‘What of today? ‘Tugwell has & $10,000-a-year job, but somewhat doubtful duties. He is going to see President Roosevelt at Warm Springs to tell what he learned on his extended and extensive trip through Europe. Yet it is obvious that every effort will be made to keep the Tugwell tag from any legisiation offered Congress. His pet plan to amend the food and drug act to con- trol advertising of foods and patent ‘médichfes will“be back again but, if pgulble. under less obvious sponsor- ship. ERE R Business men always were wary of Dr. Tugwell and his plans. Now he labors under another handicap. A personal effort made last Summer to sell himself directly to farmers is re- ported to have failed. Advices from the West say that the dirt farmers considered him “high hat.” So the leading “brain truster” hopes to slip into the shadows. Dr. Ezekial, one of the drafters of with Dr. Tugwell, an object of busi- ness antagonism, has been hard at work and pretty much buried in the extensive operations of the A. A. He is avoiding the limelight and sel- dom breaks into print. Dr. Landis, chief Federal bogey- man for frightening financiers, has evaporated from front pages. He is working hard as a member of the new Securities and Exchange Commission, but holds to the background while broker-trained Joseph Kennedy fronts for the Government. Even more in eclipse are Mr. Corcoran apd Mr. Cohen. The former is bu deeply in thé legal department of the R. F. C. The latter is submerged in the legal organization that is serving Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior. Donald Richberg, who once talked of revolution, now speaks soothingly to business men. He has become the chief peace-maker between business and the Federal Government., Re- assuring speeches are his stock in trade. Left-wingers in the admin- istration feel that Mr. Richberg has been a back-slider. He holds a highly responsible position, charged with bringing harmony out of the in- evitable discord that followed the mushroom expansion of many New Deal creations. There is little of the “brain trust” atmosphere about this leading aid to the President. Of all the members of that “trust,” the one least in the limelight a year ago Is now causing most worry to in- dustry. He is David Lilienthal. His drive to develop the waterpower re- sources of the Tennessee Valley, and to sell that power in competition with private utilities, has struck fire, Now President Roosevelt proclaims that the experiment started by Lilienthal will be the basis for a Nation-wide ef- fort to provide cheap electric power. Public utilities are marshalling their forces to fight this youthful enthusiast and his plans. Of all the “brain trusters” he is the one who seems to be making good, from the view- point of his partisans. But if the once powerful “brain trust” is fading, what of the other New Deal institution that raised such high hopes among the people, only to dash those hopes by shortcomings in performance? EEE The N, R. A. today is & much sadder and wiser outfit than it was a few short months ago. It already has abandoned thought of becoming the instrument through which jobs can be created for every one wanting to work. Rather, attention is being di- rected to finding a more limited place il‘l which the organization can func- tion. Many officials in Washington con- sider that N. R. A. has done much more to hinder recovery than to help it. They would throw out the whole machinery or else trim it dewn to & very narrow base. Other officials think that, while the recovery ad- ministration may be down, it is not out. They believe something can be made of it after all. (Copyright. 1934.) —_——————————— A Lasting Record. From the Connellsville Courier. The reflef “chiselers” may discover that they have carved their names where they will later become very conspicuous and embarrassing. have opportunity, let us do good unto | pressing, for practicing what we* pro- | Christian in spirit and spur us to| the agricultural adjustment act, and, | A. | defensive purposes, there may still be Capital Sidelights | BY WILL P. KENNEDY. Secretary of State Cordell Hull not only recommended to the President (ut‘ appointment as his first assistant’ secretary, R. Walton Moore, who |.|:o-I holds all the noble traditions of the historic State—Virginia—whose his- tory he knows so well, but he recently emphasized that four of his predeces- sors in office as cabinet premier were students at_venerable William and Mary College, which antedated the Revolution. “Jefferson, the first Sec- retary of State,” Mr. Hull points out, “was 8 student when, in 1765, the res- olutions condemning the stamp tax | were passed, and, standing in the lobby jof the House of Burgesses, he heard | the debate and made a record of what transpired. He witnessed a bitter contest. He heard the eloquent speech of Patrick Henry, the author of the resolutions, who, to use Jeffersons’ words, ‘spoke as Homer wrote’ He heard the powerful argument of the lawyer, George Johnson, in support of the resolutions. “Edmund Randolph, the second secretary, was also a student there. His qualities are indicated in the letter from President Washington to him appointing him Attorney General in the first administration. John Marshall and James Monroe, who became Secretaries of State, while still in their teens went from the college to suffer the hardships and the perils of the War of the Revolu- tion, in which they valiantly served. Marshall was in the thick of the early action at Great Bridge, near Norfolk, and fought in the battle of Brandy- wine and other bloody contests. Mon- roe was severely wounded while at the very front of the American attack at Trenton. “Within half a century after Wash- ington filled the office of chancellor at William and Mary there were 16 Secretaries of State, of whom, besides the four just mentioned, two others were from Virginia—James Madison, to whom the environment of the old college town of Williamsburg was very familiar, and Henry Clay, who was a native of the nearby county of Han- over.” * k¥ ¥ ‘The first death in the newly-elected Congress removes Frederick Landis, who achieved an “upset” in Indiana to gladden the hearts of distraut Re- | publicans—and who would have been an historic “comebacl absence from the where he would have been the dean of either House or Senate. There is| none in the new Congress who was in service when Landis was there be- fore —his previous term expired on March 3, 1907, while Senator Wil- liam E. Borah, “Grand Old Man" of the Senate, and Representative Adolph J. Sabath, nestor of the House, both entered upon their legis- lative duties the following day. Another extraordinary thing about Frederick Landis was that he and his brother, Charles B. Landis, served in the House at the same time. Charles’ service antedated that of Frederick but overlapped it. The! former served 12 years, from 1897 to 1909, and the latter four years, from 1903 to 1907. Britain in Critical Place In Impasse Over Navy BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON.—Continuation of the deadlock in the naval talks among Great Britain, the United States and Japan has made critical the position of the British government between the sharply opposed attitudes of Japan and America. Japan has put forward a demand for naval parity with Britain and the United States instead of the 5—5—3 ratio of the Washington agreement. The American representatives have declared the demand to be unaccept- sble. The British view is that, while the ratio 5—5—3 represents with, reasonable fairness the relative re- | quirements of the three countries for found means of satisfying the point of national honor which is under- stood to have weighed heavily with Japan in putting forward her demand. It was suggested that, if conceded | nominal parity, Japan might be will- | ing to enter into a ‘gentlemen’s | agreement” not to build up to the maximum. If national prestige were really the predominant consideration ! in the mind of Japan, this expedient | might have offered a way out of the deadlock, but it was soon made clear | that Japan feels she must be granted | full equality with both powers. * % x % The gravity of Britain’s position | needs no emphasis. A rumor gained | currency, apropos of the meeting at Chequers between Prime Minister | MacDonald and the Japanese repre- sentatives, to the effect that the meet- ing inaugurated a new Anglo-Jap-| ! anese understanding to the detriment of the United States. The rumor | ; hardly merited the official contradic- | tion to which it was subjected, but‘ | it indicates the disturbed and anxious | | condition of the public mind in re- gard to the Far East. On that subject a very remarkable deliverance by Gen. Smuts has cre- ated widespread comment and sig- nificant approval in the press. It is difficult to explain to American read- ers the unusual position which Gen. Smuts occuples in the public mind. His great gifts, his *striking record and his detached and comprehensive point of view give him an authority on larger imperial issues which is exercised by no statesman in the pub- lic life of England today. On the night before his return to South Africa from his brief visit jo this courdtry he made a speech to the Royal In- stitute of International Affairs which elicits from the London Times an expression of regret that a statement so perspicacious and so wise “should not have come from the lips of & member of our own cabinet.” * X ok ok This severe snub to the government is the more significant in view of the fact that by far the most important passage of Gen. Smuts’ speech re- ferred to the position of this country vis-a-vis Japan and the United States. ‘He foresees in the present challenge to the Washington treaty the reopening of issues of the integ- rity of China,' the open door and world peace under which the Pacific concert may collapse, and, while urging that British Far Eastern policy should be based on friendship with all and exclusive understanding with none, he leaves no doubt that in his view “the future policy and associ- ation of our great British common- wealth lie more with the United States than with any other group in the world.” J“I{ ever,” he said—in words to which the London Times gives great prominence—‘there comes a parting of the ways, if ever in the crises of the future we are called upon to make a cholce, that, it seems to me, should be the company we should prefer to nlkwlthlndmrchmmmml | unknown future. On that path lie our past afiliations, our common moral outlook, our hopes and fears for the lmmdmmdvm-uu" (Copyright. 19349 | which modern archeologists have dis- 'nllly sound security. ‘New Archeological Finds in South America BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. One of the first things which the American or, for that matter, almost any schoolboy learns is that one of the wonders of the world is the Great Wall of China. One of the last things covered is the Great Wall of Peru. Recently an aerial expedition, headed by Robert Shippee and Lieut. George R. Johnson, undertook some explora- tions which could not be carried out on land without great expense and a tedious use of time. They discovered many things of vast interest, but none seems to suggest greater possibilities than the Great Wall of Peru, the ex- istence of which theretofore had been own. The wall was found on the north side of the Santa Valley in a region of such desolation as almost to suggest | the valleys of the moon. They traced the line of the wall inland for some 40 miles from the coastal plain. Now that the presence of the wall is known, expeditions will proceed on foot to in- vestigate more fully. The aerial sur- vey indicated that the wall is about 15 feet high and 15 feet wide. On either side, throughout the 40-mile length of the wall, they noted 14 forts, some square and some round, all strongly built of stone. In this region the land is corrugated and rumpled with deep, forbidding gorges lying between rugged peaks. The wail proceeds, in an astonishingly straight line, over valley and moun-- tain. That it was erected for some defensive purpose by the people of an | early Peruvian civilization is beyond doubt, but who was responsible for the colossal work and how the engineer- ing difficulties were overcome are ques- tions for further investigation. Arch- eologists are familiar with the amaz- ing stone work of the early Peruvian civilizations, as demonstrated at| Cuzco and elsewhere, but this Great | Wall of Peru bids fair to outstrip everything else in wonder. There are many theories concern- ing the ethnologic connection between the early peoples of the Americas and the Orientals. There has long been a firmly rooted belief that America was populated from Asia. In view of the immense antiquity of some of | the archeological finds in Central and South America, there is anotber school of thought gaining some momentum which takes the position that Asia| might well have been populated from America. Walls a World Apart. It is, to say the least, notable that two great walls should be found, one in China and one in Peru. Although there can be no definite information on the extent of communication be- tween the continents at the period in which these walls were constructed, there can be endless conjecture and, as archelogocial work proceeds, it is not out of the question that some more definite information will come to light. The date of the beginning of the Great Wall of China is placed at 228 BC. Works of magnitude, ried out by the early South American civilizations, have been found which | centuries. far antedate that year. Whether the Peruvians got the idea from th¢ Chinese or the Chinese from th¢ Peruvians is a task for the archeo logists. Perhaps neither is the case Perhaps each was a spontaneous undertaking. It is not known whether Hadrian had heard of the Great Wall of China when he built Hadrian’s Wal! across the north of England to ward off the Scotch, but he might well have. It is certain that he had never hearc of the Great Wall of Peru. While the wall is the most fascinat- ing of the recent finds in Peru there have been others of abe~~bing in- terest. Dr. 8. K. Lathrop of the Pea- body Museum of Archeology and Eth- nology at Cambridge, Mass., has been in charge of the work in the Amer- jcas and has reported, through the Pan-American Union Bulletin on the results of the work since 1931. Th~ work has not been confined to Peru. although that is an especially rich territory. From end to end of the South American continent the scien- tists have been digging and exploring and have been richly rewarded with all manner of vestiges of civilization: long passed away. One of the strik- ing facts learned is the variations in degree of advancement. For ex- ample, while centuries ago there were developed civilizations and cultures of & high type, the work of Junius Bird. who excavated the shell heaps of Terra del Fuego, revealed that th- Yahgan, the aborigines of that stark region, had been so backward as tr have acquired knowledge of the u- of bow and arrow only a short tim before the appearance of the whit man. Even while the bitter warfare be tween the Paraguayans and the Bo livians was raging in the Chac Boreal, the archeologists continue: their explorations of that regior whigh, until recently, has been terra incognito. Finds of potter and stone objects of curious wor manship rewarded their endeavors Burial Urns and Gods. Stig Ryden ol the Goteborg M seum, exploring in Northwestern Ar- gentina, discovered some unusual burial urns. These are huge vase: equipped with removable lids. They are as tall as a man, made of pottery and with such skill that the walls are only half a centimeter in thickness. In spite of this fragility they have remained intact for many It appears that these vases, not unlike Greek vases in line. were used as coffins. In some the skeletons of several infants were found; in others, adult skeletons. It appears that the vestiges of death endure longer than the vestiges of life. While a great many works of ages long past, in the shape of walls, fortresses and shrines, have been found, most of the finds seem to relate to the dead. The cultures of the North were far superior to those of the South and, as the explorer works northward into Bolivia and Peru, traces of & richer civilization are found. U. S. Studies Program ] To Spur Trade Loans BY HARDEN COLFAX. It has been charged frequently m‘ recent months that, in their desire to remain liquid, the banks of the United States are hesitating to take normal risks. Thus, by failing to aid industry and trade, as the Govern- ment has aided farmers and home owners, it is asserted that they have retarded industrial recovery and re- employment. m’l"’hc Federal Government is looking rather closely into this subject. Some months ago the Small Industry Com- | mittee of Secretary Roper's Business Advisory and Planning Council re- quested the Bureau of the Census to| undertake a survey of the capital and | credit requirements of the smaller manufacturing establishments. This survey is now practically completed. | ‘While the findings and recommen- | dations have not yet been made pub- lic, it is understood they do in fact support the assertion that the small business man has suffered more than his share during the depression and that as vet he has not benefited as much as have others from New Deal legislation. | PR The weak point, it is believed, is in the credit situation—not trade, but bank credit—and it seems to be as- sumed that the banks, in fear of not being found liquid at all times by Federal examiners, have refrained from loaning to meritorious clients on | Questionnaires were sent to more | than 16,000 firms whose ratings showed them to be “good risks.” One of the officials connected with the survey, while not willing to be quoted, admitted that it had shown a great many of the manufacturers who could obtain only limited funds, or none at | all, to be financially sound and such as would normally be regarded as| most acceptable credit risks. | The criticlsm of the inadequacy of the present sources of capital and credit has come from & large number of small manufacturers. The nature and extent of the complaints are naturally regarded as one barometer of the credit problems of small in- dustry. The criticisms are principally di- rected agalnst sudden changes in bank policy, the attitude of bank examiners, and the apparent inad- equacy of the existing financial agen- cies of the Federal Government as means of direct aid to indusry. The amassing of large sums in the hands of bankers, without distribution of these monies to industry through Joans, it is said, reduces employment, restricts production and curtails con- sumption. The survey, while under the general auspices of the Bureau of the Census, was aided also by the N. R. A. and the Treasury Department. Its impor- tance was stressed by Secretary Roper, who said the Planning Council is devoting a great deal of attention to the immediate credit needs of small business and industry and the application of N. R. A. to the small and medium-sized unit. Serving the credit needs of small enterprises, which even in prosperous times have difficult access to the se- curity markets, is also a problem in other industrial nations. In Great Britain and Germany, and to some extent in Prance, institutions es- pecially created for this credit pur- pose are utilized. Information com- ing to Federal departments from their agents abroad indicates that British, French and German com- mercial bankers are particularly anxious, as are our own, to prevent the “freezing” of their portfolio loans that cannot be moved easily. Most of these institutions are private, rather than governmental, in charac- ter. They are accustomed to finance their advances to small business through use of their long-termed se- curities or other funds not subject to sudden withdrawal. CER Some years ago, a Parliamentary Committee in England studied this subject and reported that, since the joint stock banks and private bankers had been unwilling to accommodate the smaller industries, several special Fifty Years Ago In The Star Fifty years ago this community was struggling through the preliminary < stages of ThIe Question of an organ- naugural ittee, izing an gural Committee. e committee and forming plans for a suitable program on the occasion of the induction of the new President into office. That considerable diffi- culty was encountered in the naming of a committee is evident from the following, in The Star of November 25, 1882: “The burning question with the Democracy of the District just at present is the invention of some method by which all can harmo- niously and satisfactorily take part in the arrangements for the inaugura- tion of Gov. Cleveland as President of the United States.© While, of course, all the Democrats are not anxious to appear prominently, yet there are enough to keep the entire number in a kind of quiet ferment, and there is a good deal of discussion going on as to men and methods. This sort of talk began as soon as Cleve- land’s election was assured, and the jealousies which exist between the different local organizations soon be- gan to manifest itself. All the prom- inent members of the clubs watched each other closely, and kept a care- ful eye upon those prominent Demo- crats who are unattached, so0 to speak It was thought at first that the Co- lumbia Club, which has the credit of being rather exclusive, was proposing to take the lead in making the ar- rangements for the inauguration, and everybody else at once prepared t- sit down heavily upon such a proj- ect if it was attempted to be put intn execution. The agitation over th: phase had hardly reached a hea“ | when it was given out that & numbe of gentlemen, mainly members of the Metropolitan Club, had deter- mined to assume the burden of th inaugural preparations themselves an- not allow the ‘local politicians’ to hav & controlling voice. Commissione Edmonds was credited with being th- head of the movement, and ‘the sil stockings,’ as they were derisivel called, became at once objects of in- terest. Whether either of these ru- mors had any grounds to Test upon must rematn in doubt, but, however that may be, there was no doubt in the minds of many that something of the sort was in the wind. The ‘silk stockings’ combination being regarded as the most dangerous and the neces- sity for united action being apparent to overcome it, all other jealousies were forgotten, and gentlemen represent- ing the National Committee, the Con- gressional Committee and the Central District Committee were requested by the Columbia Club to confer with the National Democratic Committee and to ascertain from them what their wishes, or that of the President-elect, were in regard to the inaugural ar- rangements. This action, as it comes from no one body, but from the De- mocracy of the District, met with gen- eral approval. The Democracy of the District then regarded themselves as solid and united in opposition to Com- missioner Edmonds and his silk stock- ing following, as the expression ran. They wanted to hear from New York, and the recent intelligence that the committee intended to designate a committee of their number to make suitable arrangements is regarded as a victory for the anti-Edmonds party. The announcement of the names of this committee is awaited with some interest. It is supposed to be the ex- ecutive Committee of the National Committee, of which Senator Gorman is chairman and Senators Jonas, Ran- som and others are members. Nearly all are members of Congress, and it is expected that they will hold their first meeting in this city after Con- gress convenes, institutions had been established un- der the leadership of the Bank of England to supply this need for, credit by the smaller commprcial units. (Copyright, 1934.)