Evening Star Newspaper, March 19, 1933, Page 21

PUBLICITY IS SUGGESTED FOR PENSION PAYMENTS Writer Declares Curreng' Abuses Could| Be Checked by Posting Names on Walls of Local Pgst Offices. BY MARK SULLIVAN, HE veterans, fully nineteen- twentieths of them, think that their friend, their on! is the member of Congress who last week vo tion of veterans' compensation. Al over the country, veterans end groups of veterans 2 izing themselves mentally to vote next year against the Congressman who voted with President Roosevelt for reduction and in favor of the Congressman who opposed Pres- ident Roosevelt and wanted to prevent | reduction of vetcrans' compensations. ‘The assump! of the veterans about who is their fri is a mistake. One wonders if it is sible to make this sufficiently clear for every veteran to understand. Let us begin by stating one able condition: With the doll cal tits present value, the Government carhot | continue to pay a billion dollars a year to veterans. It literally cannot. The Classic Illustration. ‘This assertion will be instantly, and angrily. queried by many veterans. But the assertion is true nevertheless. Let us see if we can prove it by the casc of the farmer and his mortgage and his wheat. The farmer and his mort- gage and his wheat compose the classic illustration of what we are all “up against.” A farmer tm 1929 put a mortgage of $5.000 on his farm. At that time wheat was a dollar a bushel. That is, the value of a doliar one bushel of wheat. Under wdition, with the farmer m}:}est on hni y pay the principal when due, 5 > In 1933, however, wheat is less than 50 cents a bushel. To put that the other war around, the value of a doilar +is now two bushels of wheat. With rwheat at only 50 cents a bushel, the farmer cannot, literally cannot. pay the interest on his mortgage, or the prin- cipal 1 due. Now this the veteran can readily understand. If he; has any difficulty, let him drive along a country road until he finds a farmer with a mort- gage, and talk it aver. Now in that observation we only need to substitute the Government for the farmer. The Government in 1929, or thereabouts, or in eariier years, un- dertook to pay the vetecrans a billion dollars a h the doller at the value it then had, the Government could do this. But with the dollar 8t the value it now has, the Govern- ment cannot pay that billion dollars a han the farmer can n his mortgage. S. in Like Condition, True, the. Government can go on pay- | ing for a certain time, just as the farmer can go on paying for a certain time. For both, the means of going Qn is the same. The means is borrow- ing. And for both farmer and the Government the end is the same. The borrow more, nent can no longer ts to, or is forced to, or ing. It dilutes the dei- n goes by the name and it is quite similar to k with water. dilution, ! r becomes 90 cents, : %n joenis facio) gents, or. if it goes ar 24 the mark did in Germany, Wothing &t all. 4 Diluting the dollar c ‘one or two ways. The Government can dilute the dollar furtively Jjust print- 'ing more and more of them; or it can ute by act of Congress decreeing (hat he doilar hereafter shall be worth only what, is now 90 cents, or 80 cents, or 80 ccints, or what not. Now this way out. through dilution, Inflation is what most of the politicians offer the voterans, They say to the veteran that they will keep his pension at, let us say, $100 a month. Then they either say, or else they refrain from saying. “but we will dilute each dollar down to 90 cents or what not.” Calls for “Expansion.” Some of the politicians are quite frank about it. In the debate last week cn President Roosevelt's proposal, Rep- Tesentative Gerald J. Boileau of Wis- consin said: “I do not believe we are justified in authorizing these great re- “ductions in the amount of compensa- tion to * * * veterans * * * I feel there is a better way of handling the problem. I am willing to recuce the purchasing power of my salary 50 per cent if need be by expansion (this is the same as dilution or inflation) of the currency, by the chapening of those dollars that I receive.” Representative Boileau, in short, would continue to pay a typical veteran, for example, $100 a month—but he would meduce each of those dollars to the 'value of a 50-cent piece. 2 For the veteran, the alternatives are clea”. He can accept President Roose- 'velt's way. That way is to have his '$100 a month cut down to let us say 890 a month—but with each dollar maining a full dollar. The other way, the way of the politicians who would ultimately delude the veteran, ‘can be stated thus: They would con- tinue to give the veteran $100 a month, but they would reduce each doliar to the value of a 50-cent piece. The magnitude of what has been ac- complished during the last week can be expressed in a very broad historical ‘statement to which there is only one quite small exception. The broad historical statement can be made in two parts: No rate of pen- #ions to veterans of any war, once laced on the statute books, has ever hereafter been reduced. The statement was good until last weck. The statement is made here bout the United States, but I suspect t is true of every country in history - ce the fall of Rome. One bit of in- formation brought to the writer during be done in friend, | ted against reduc-f il the present agitation about pensions is that since the Great War the French | government has twice tried to reduce !.the rate of pensions paid to French veterans—and in each case the govern- }nfim in power making the attempt has allen. | No Group Ever Removed. The cther part of this statement, not materially different, is: No group of veterans, once placed on the pen- sicn rolls, has ever thereafter been re- moved as a group. Occasionally individ- uals, of course, have been removed through discovery of fraud or for other reasons: but no class of veterans once on the pension list has ever, as a class, | been removed. This statement like- wise is here made of the United States; | but, as in the other case, I suspect it is | also true of other countries and of all | history. To this latter part of the statement | there is one cxception, a very tiny exception, lost in the history of more than 100 years ago, but dug‘ up and presented to the writer of this article by Edwin G. Dexter of Washington. Nearly 116 years ago, in 1817, Amer- ica was very prosperous and the Treas- ury of the United States found itself in the happy possession of a surplus. In that agreeable condition President | James Munroe in his message to Con- | gress December 2, 1817, suggested gen- erosity to veterans of the Revclution- |ary War. Congress agreed with Presi- dent Monroe, and on March 18, 1818, enacted pensions for each veteran of the Revolutionary War “who is, By reason of his reduced circumstances in | life, left in need of assistance from his country for support.” The law went duly into effect. Tne number who re- ceived pensicns was 16.270, Scandal Arises. Presently it was perceived that & good many veterans were receiving | pensions who decidedly did not con- form to the specification in the statute. They were not in “reduced circum- stances” and not “in ned of assist- ance for his support.” Scandal arcse. There was agitation much like the present. Violent newspaper attacks were made on the administration. As a result of the uproar there was enacted cn May 1, 1820, legislation to ;lhc effect that persons receiving the | new pension must actually be in “re- duced circumstances,” actually “in need of assistance from his country. The remedial law required that every beneficiary receiving the new pension should go before “some court of rec- crd in the county y or borough in | which he resides” and should there vear {0 a statement showing his in- come from business, employment or | investments and the property that he owned. This schedule of assets and income, the law required, “shall be filed in the clerk’s office of the court * * ¢ and shall be exhibited.” ‘That last phrase, “shall be exhibited,” meant publicity. And publicity, together with the remedial law itself, did the work. Some 6,000 men, more than one | in three, were dropped from the pen- sion_rolls. Fublicity was effective in 1820. Pub- licity might be similarly effective now. One of the objectives demanded by the National Economic League is that the names of all recipients cf veterans' compensation shall be posted on the valls of the post office at which they receive their checks. As the law now stands, the records are kept secret. It is widely asserted, and is probably true, that if each community in the United States knew the names of those | among them who are receiving pensions, and the amount they are receiving, a | good many abuses would be ventilated, and, through ventilation, be stopped | There are stories so fantastic as to be | almost incredible about men who are ablebodied enough to receive salaries as | policemen, firemen cr in other occupa- tions requiring strong physical equip- ment, but who are at the same time | receiving compensation from the Fed- | eral Government upon the theory that ]\hey are wholly or partially disabled. | Stories of this sort so grotesque as to | challenge possibility float about. It is | impossible to verify them because there | is no access to the records. Several Cases Cited. Occasional instances happen to be- | come known through accidental dis- | closure of the information. A number of casts are described by Ernest Angell, | writing on “The American Legion vs. | America” in the Nation for March 15. | Mr. Angell tells the case of a policeman | who has “passed four successive, rig- | orous physical examinations for promo- | tion—but who is being paid $85 a month by the Federal Government upon | the theory that he is 95 per cent dis- |abled by tuberculosis.” Another city employe drawing a very considerable | salary, upon the theory that he is able | to give full service to the city, is also | on the rolls of the Federal Government, | receiving compensation upon the theory | that he is “33 per cent disabled by | arthritis.” There are said to be literally ‘ tens of thousands of such cases. A re- quirement by law that the names of pensioners be displayed on the post of- fice wall would enable neighbors to pass Jjudgment on the merit of such cases. Parenthetically, Mr. Angell, by a happy turn of fact into phrase, has ex- ‘pmscd one of the most vivid and con- | vincing arguments emerging in this | whole agitation. He says, “Congress in the short session voted to give to 1 per | cent of the people more than 30 per jcent of the entire probable revenue of | the Government for, the next fiscal | year. This conforms strictly to accuracy. | The probable revenue of the Govern- |ment for the next fiscal year from all | scurces —income taxes, inheritance | taxes, taxes on tobacco, taxes on luxury 1and import duties—will be a little over | $3.000,000,000. The total expenditures | for veterans is just under $1,000,000,000. Bones Found in Ruins of Priory Believed ¢ TOURS, France.—New interest has n aroused in the ruins of the Priory St. Come, near here, by the discovery bones believed to be those of Pierre onsard, the first great poet to write n whgt today would be called modern ench. : y_ Contemporary records indicate that Ronsard was buried in the priory ichurch at St. Cone, but patient exca- tions had failed to find the poet's es. A short time ago workmen dig- ng a well amid the ruins of the hurch unearthed some human bones, hich they tossed negligently aside. An cial of the Tours City Hall passed at way a few weeks later, saw the eap of bones, and on inquiring into Mtheir origin ordered their removal. ‘The skeleton, as reconstructed, is complete. and many of the bones are roken, particularly the skull, which was ed, and consequently cannot be pared with the death mask of Ron- comparison that might deter- ine a positive identification. Nevertheless, the spot in which the | bones were found raises a strong pre- mption that they are Ronsard’s. Six- eenth century documents state that nsard was buried in the church, “at e left of the altar, as one enters the hurch.” The bones actually were found ‘4n the ambulatory, about 30 feet from he left end of the altar. 8t. Cone formerly was situated on an d in the Loire, only a mile or so low Tours, but the channel separat- it the mainland has long since 3 iled o 'In the elgbieenth cena hose of Poet Ronsard ,tury the priory was abandoned, and | was allowed to fall into ruin. Parts of the ruins were utilized as barns by peas- ants. In 1925 what was left was ac- ;quired by .an archeological society, which has put a new roof on the re- maining vestiges of the church and | patched up the fifteenth century walls that still stand. { (Copyright, 1933.) Ships May Soon Sail To Inland Seville SEVILLE.—Inland Seville may be- come a port of call for the floating palaces of the transatlantic tourist | trade if engineers bring their develop- {ment programs to a scheduled success- |ful close in March, 1934. | _Rufino Orbe, government delegate, in | Charge of the port development on the | Guadalquivir River, is confident that deep-draft vessels will find the 100- kilometer trip up the river from Huelva an attractive lure to sightseers when the dredging operations and extension of the snug, land-locked harbor are completed. Also the increased harbor | facilities will give Seville a stimulated source of income in freight traffic. | The harbor improvement budget totals_ approximately $3,000,000. Orbe | says less than half of this sum has | been spent up to the present time, so {plenty of funds are left for a stimuls- tion of the work during the next 18 months, THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, MARCH 19, 1933—PART .TWO. Hitler’s War on Culture Conditions Are Held Deplorable as Result of German Faseist Measures in the Fatherland BY DR. LION FEUCHTWANGER. l temporary Germany. Move- | ments parading under the | names of Fascism and National | Socialism are trying to destroy the best there is in German culture. In the land of Lessing and Gocthe fre2 scope | is being given to man's destructive urge. School children are being taught prayers of hatred against other chil- | dren. A concerted attack has been| made upon the arts. The German Fascists are clamoring for the destruc- | tion of Weimar's famous Dessauer HAus.‘ an international shrine of nrchu,ecmre.l ARBARISM and culture are pit- B ted against each other in con- The theater, r!dlol and film are the targets of their zeal. Ehe universities of Germany have been transformed into hotbeds of ex- treme nationalism. Prof. Albert Ein- stein and another German Nobel prize | winne Prof. Richard Wilsatter, a chemist of international fame. are being | constantly vilified by the Nationalist| press. Prof. Emil Gumbel of Heidel- berg University, one of our best mathe- | maticians, has been expelled from that | school on account of Nationalist pres- | sure because of his views on war. Prof.| Ernst Cohn, the national economist, has been silenced by the National Socialist youth of Breslau University. The apostles of Fascism in Germany have made man's worst instincts their god/ and they have stirred senseless racial hatred to fever pitch. They de- | clare that the Jews are to blame for| everything. It is not enough. Adolf Hitler says, that the Jews have con-| quered Europe and America, they are| mow engaged in a conspiracy against| Japan in order to conquer Asia. In one| of his speeches, made some years ago,| Hitler declared that “the entire press | of America is in the tha?c:; of r.;:‘:s(;!' and that “99 per cent of the Great Britain is_Jewish.” To this| “world rule of the Semites” he attributes the World War and all the other calam- ities of humanity. Jewish Race Is Amazed. Everywhere in America I have been asked about the cultural collapse of Germany. How could Hitlerism bring our national civilization to the verge of ruin almost overnight? I have heard the same question in other coun- tries as well. Greatest is the amaze- ment of the 10,000,000 Yiddish-speaking Jews of the world, who have always Jooked up to Germany as the spiritual home of world culture. A year before the Relich’s so-called national government came to power under the chancellorship of Adolf Hit- ler German culture was considered the highest of all. How many times did I have to speak up for the civilization of the countries of my interviewers against the charge that they were in- ferior to our own. Germany's science, her educational system and universities, her theaters, literature® music and films were believed to be peerless. In the eyes of the world the average edu- cated German was the incarnation of culture. And meanwhile the Nazi attack on German culture has taken place and it is being carried on with relentless fury at the present moment. One would have to go back to the history of the n invasions and of the Thirty Years' War to find an invasion of equal ‘moment. Will German culture withstand this attack, I am often asked. When I reply that Hitler'’s rule cannot long en- dure I am asked to recall that, all prophecies to the contrary notwith- standing, Stgnor Mussolini’s_rule has lasted more than a decade. This link- ing of the two names reminds me of the question a reporter put to me at the railway station of a southern city of less than 50,000 inhabitants: “Can you see any difference hetween our city and New York?” he asked. Man Changed Inwardly. It would be erroneous to think that this lapse into barbarism has taken place in one year. Nor is it correct to_speak of the colla] of German culture. ble that the World War should transform man as well as communities of men in their innermost beings. For more than four years the nations worshiped force and ted might, and even youth was told overnight. atavistic impulses which had been stimulated through the concerted ac- tion of all mankind have taken deep roots and they resist the efforts of the civilized man. Dictatorship has made the most rapid progress in countries whose cultural level was not high. The larger the number of illiterates the faster the na- tions succumbed the of |is true, at the sa —Drawn THE DR UMMER. S the appeal to the instincts had been too emphatic not to have left its mark. Before the war the German was trained to have a personality, and he had to pretend to have it if it was not native to him. This was hard work. It was easier to join a large group and thus to invest one’s self with the char- acter! one did not have. Who were Herr Schulze or Herr Schmidt, the Ger- man equivalents of America’s Mr. Bab- as private individuals? They were ty officials, perhaps tradesmen or ns—mere human ciphers. But as ns of a glorious commonwealth v possessed all its power. Herr e a5 an individual may not even e the courage to go into a good restaurant and order a glass of beer, but Herr Schulze marching in a na- tionalist demonstration was a hero—he hi elf has performed the great deeds he German people from Arminius 1o Bismarck. He was the ruler of the world in this demonstration march. Saw Demoniac Power in Jew. From its inception the Fascist move ment counted on the mass man’'s in- ority complex. To this complex the azi movement is indebted for its suc- This inferiority complex explains the anti-Semitism of German Fascism. Pecple found it inconceivable they should have-lost the war. No, have not lost it—they have won nd even today this is the belief of German Nationalists. Because it was impossible that their army should have failed, it fcllows that they were i by the domestic A ac power must have been at work and they found this demoniac power in the Jew. German supernationalism sees some- thing uncanny in this group of peopie who have i for thousands of years without militarism, which to the genuine naticnalist seems to be the | real force. The, devilish group of ews, therefore. must be blamed for the lost war. The next move was to blame of education which asserted the rights of reason against a the war Ger any other coun force which tenacity and 3 dence of the soli that it c Our barbaric imy just as strong in pi they are now. but ¢ ceeded in kesping then imperial Reich was offici to the intellect. In the ) nasium _ (cla where I stud our education predominantly humanistic. We were taught 10 times more about Gocthe than about Bismarck, and our c concern seems to have been v translate good Latin verse Greek. Even it bitions were h about things of portance, and if for instance. about the industrial labo: our national bud been at sea. We v politics as somethi; tant and none of the inconceivable between intellect a would carry the da: Carried “Faust” in Knapsacks. ‘The first German war carried Goethe’ <napsacks, but taking place as the result of th ization of man in the trenches, and toward the end of the war our gre classics were read much the hinterland than tr rationing of foodstuf our disappointment was great when t! war revealed to us that Ger: fficlal attachment to the intellect was merely a screen. The German governments brought into power by the revolution made an | attempt to combat the spread of bar-| the Jew, not only for the outcome of | barism and at the beginning it looked the war, but for its outbreak. devised as if they might succeed. But the im- for the destruction of the German peo- | pact of the force was irresistible and | ple. Adolf Hitler's conception of the percentage of hould have old to look u; bied that in a conflict intellect BY BRUCE BARTON. physician in my boyhood. There were children at his house, but as I was older I saw little of them. Thus, I can claim no boy- hood acquaintance with his listinguished son, Ernest Hem- ingway, nor have I ever met him since. However, his book, “The Sun Also Rises,” struck me as something so new and significant in American literature that I wrote a review of it for the Atlantic Monthly, and I have followed his work appreciatively ever since. . Sometimes he has scemed to me to offend his readers un- necessarily, but he has given them much pleasure. 4nd when the motion picture based on his “Farewell to Arms” was re- leased he wrote a letter which caused me to emit a cheer. The producers of the picture had flooded the newspapers with publicity stories about his war record. Hemingway pro- , tested in these vigorous words: “If I was in Italy during a small part of the war it was only because a man was less liable to be Killed there than in France. . . . I drove, or attempted to drive, an ambulance, and engaged in minor camp following activities and was never involved in heroic actions of any sort.” This is frank and refreshing. It is in large measure char- acteristic of the attitude of the American veterans of the World War, a different and distinctive attitude which does them’ vast credit. All through the ages the man in uniform, or the man who has worn a uniform, has been gushed over by women, lied to by politicians, and flattered until it is little wonder that he has been spoiled. Nothing infuriated the doughty qld Duke of Wellington more than this sort of slopping over. Speaking of some of his own soldiers, the old codger exclaimed: “People talk of their enlisting from their fine military feeling—all stuff—no such thing! Some of our men enlisted from having got bastard children—some from minor offenses —many mure for drink; it really is wonderful that we should have made them as fine fellows as they are.” In all history there are no men who have failed so often or so disastrously as generals. Yet the parks of every coun% are littered with their monuments. I used to see one Ci War general at public dinners in New York. His only military achievement was to blunder at one big battle and lose many men, but he was a “general” and a “veteran,” so everybody fawned on him. The soldiers of the World War are notably free from illusion and pretense. They know that war is not glorious. They know it is dirty, stupid, silly. ‘Their sane, bunk-less attitude is-helping to destroy the worn-out illusions of “glory.” (Copyright, 1933.) DR. C. E. HEMINGWAY of Oak Park, I, was our family | declared in a speech: * for The Sunday Star by J. Scott Wiliiams Jew, as portrayed in his book, “Mein Kampf,” ou to be extremely inter- esting to th: For him the » and cap red war on mund Freud enem; National lant to the destruc bats enlightenment to. destruction A movement procl: did not hav social impuls had, of cou over the and to social im! with some justification that German Fascism is an 3anized against intellect and talent. Reich Students Not Representative, Of the German schoolmaster it ha that he won the War of 1 France and possible for the Reich to res! so long during the World W 1914 the German school wa the best in the world, T! German stud form troops of the which is opposed ning that people ss thei anti- instincts ty to reason One may say t the Allies Before considered the shock sen answer- keep in ¢ the German stud not include the entire in of the Reich. The stu the sons of public se small bourgeoisie in g sons of the labore represented. About 39 per cent of Germany's population are laborers, but their sons form only 3 per cent of the university youth. The average German student of today Wwas brought up in small bourgeois fami- lies, many of which have a reputation for being opposed to cnlightment. It is they who have en to German- ustrian anti-Semitism the motto: “Education what one Jew plagiarizes from the other.” The Gr?r n scientists and university professors fcf world-wide fame are op- posed to Hitlerism and Hitlerism 1s opposed to them. Some of the scien- tists and profcssors of less talent, on the other hand, lend their aid de- lightedly to the attacks on their more gifted colleagues. Ad Hitler openly Ve are suffer- ing from too much education * * * what we need is instinct and will.” For one who knew the German uni- versities before the war their present condition is extremely deplorable. It is tragic to see how reactionary stu- dents are veciferating against the freedom of expression and broadmind- edness; how fearsome professors are pussy-footing their way through life. Narrowness is the essence of extreme natlonalism, and it is appalling to wit- ness the universities being turned into bulwarks or national fanaticism, It was in this spirit that a National So- clalist, Minister of Education, speak- ing in the city of Weimar, where once Goethe was Minister, declared in his inaugural address last September: “The German child must be taught to have more respect for a Germaen street- sweeper than for an English or Amer- ican inventor.” Art Also Ts Opposed. It is, however, not only Hitlerism and education, but also Hitlerism and art that are at opposite poles. ‘“Herr Schulze” has always been partial to sentimentality and he dislikes realism in art. His ideal is & hazy roman- ticism, the sweet nothing known in our country as “Kitsch.” The artistic instinct of Adolf Hitler, a man after Herr Schulze’s heart, is similar, and his lack of the appreciation of real art plays an important part in his po- litical life. He lacks the *sense for subleties, confuses the accessory with the essential, the quantity with quality. He is gfldl:tedn'_,ohlhe monumental, to mass effects. e were in authority in Washington he would erect Gov- ernment buildings 150 stories high and his Nazi headquarters would be in a bullding with 200 floors. For a man of this mental mold politics means mass meetings. From his book we know that.at one time of his life nts or of the ral, while the e virtually un- Hitler spent sleepless nights worrying,| Wwhether a political meeting should be held in the afternoon or in the evening, and it was an epoch in his career when he discovered that night was the only background for his political revival meetings. Hitler's coarse tastes make him an ideal man to drum u Did he not say in a speec! For our liberation we need more than an eco- nomic policy and industry; what we need is pride, spite, hatred, hatred and once more hatred.” Hitler calls himself the “Trommler"—the drummer—and the passages in his book dealing with agita- tion are the most positive and authori- tative ones—coming from his heart. In a few months the Nazis and their succeeded the i hebies, e e md the ROOSEVELT PROCLAIMS “GOOD NEIGHBOR” POLICY Public Opinion Will Support His Atti- tude Toward Latin America, Com- mentator Poinis Out. BY GASTON NERVAL. N March 4 President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed the “policy of tiie good neighbor” in internaticnal affairs. I my last article I mide some comments upon the significance of that announcement from the viewpoint of pan-American relations. In reference to them I have received a letter from a Latin American diplomat, somewhat skeptical. The pertinent piragraph of the letter reads as follows: “I find your interpretation of Presi- dent Roosevelt’s statements correct. 1Jertainly, if the new administration follows the line of policy advocated in them, inter-American relations will profit in the future, but have you for- gotten that a previous Democratic President, Mr. Wilson, clso promised the Latin American republics fair trcat- ment and later on did not hesitate to send Marines to Nicaragua and Haiti a punitive expedition to Mexico, and finally, invented the policy of non-rec- ognition, in manifest conflict with the sovereignty of those countries?” Wilson Well-Intentioned. I must reply methodically. In the first place, we must bear in mind the fact—and I think most Latin Ameri- cans are already agreed on this—that President Wilson was well-intenticned and that he sincerely believed in the benefits which, in his judgment, the Southern nations would eventually de- rive from his policies. Perhaps he was ill-advised as to the ways and me: carry them out. Perhaps he was advantage | opposition | that he made it| n why do, victim of his own political ideal Or, maybe, he could not avoid certain meisures which the circumstances made imperative at that particular time At any rate, President Wilson was sincere in his efforts. He was motivated by high humanitarfan ideals. He pr foundly believed in a certain responsi- bility which he thought fell to the United States in assisting the younger Latin American republics to solve some of their internal difficulties. Of course, he started on a wrong premise, because that assistance implied the inferiority or the helplessness of the Southern gov- ernments. And this is, precisely, the greatest cause of Latin American re- sentment toward President Wilson. But, personally, he never doubted the sound- ness of his policy in tendering Latin America “a helping hand.” Besides, what were his political mis- takes compared with the idealism introduced in the realm of world a —a whole new philosophy of inte: tional relations? His principl equality of states, rights of m and interdependence of nations have | caused his name to stand in this coun- try for eve: ng that means interna- tional co-operation and idealism foreign affairs. “Wilsonism” and “Wil- scnian policies” are well known terms in the dictionary of public An Apostle of Liberties. | Even in America, the fame of | wood: i Lati W unfortunate Nicaragua and | product. partly, of hasiiness advice, and partly of cir t | "'In the second place. w takes a survey of the pos: United States in world affairs. 1 | different administrati | rlook the fact th {in this country, are not chanzed by | individuals. Not even by political par- | ties. The foreign policy of the Urn States is influenced by changes in lic opinion and by the force of circ stances. This is more true of the United States than of any other coun- try in the world ‘When Woodrow Wilson assumed the it was not he alone, i ity of public opinion in this that believed in the “biz brother” role reserved for the Uxn.~d States in this Western Hemisphere. | Statesmen, political leaders, professors, | | radio. which before their coming were | of the highest quality. It was the lead- | ing radio. theater and film performers who were dismissed because they were foreigners or Je [ the policy of s | ers to the per: and players who are objectionable from their point of view. They create dis- turbances and then the policy has be to withdraw permission to coniin with the performances on the ground that they cause public disorder. It was the storm troops of Hitler's Brown A that went into action against the fi version of Remarque's * e Western Front.” disliked by the because it was suspected of antisw propaganda. At the time when the dis- turbances against the film took place a practical joker submitted a chapter of Remarque’s book to the leading N: tional Socialist newspaper in Berlin, Der Angriffl, without mentioning the author’s name. The paper printed the chapter with the greatest pieasure and appreciation, yet at the same time it was writing vitriolic editorials about human, nearly animal nature of the movement is glaringly revealed in such poured on everything of high quality. Hitler Violates Grammar. The language of Lessing and Goethe, too, is being defiled by the German Fascists. Hitler's writings countless illustrations of every conceiv- able violation of German grammar. The Nazi press is making these un-German, even anti-German outpourings available to all and is thus trying to deprive us of our richest heritage. For one who sees the reflection of a nation’s soul in its language, there cannot be any great- er torture than to see what the Nazi are doing to Goethe's language and he their concoction. When trying to set the horosccpe’ for the future it is important for a good difference between the party which at the present moment seems to represent the largest number of votes and the people who stand for German culture. A good German is one who tries to live up to the best traditions of German humanitarian feeling and of intellectual accomplishments. On their resistance the Nazi attack will fail. Since Lessing's time German culture has been cosmcpolitan, presenting a bold front to the power on the throne and going its cwn ways. The German intellectuals are opposed to Hitlerism. They are fighting hard against Nazi attempts to emascuiate our Academy of Literature, to jail some of our best journalists and to cloe the tempies of our art. Those intellectuals want to keep the German radio from becoming entirely a medium of Nazi propaganda and to save the German theater and film from annihilation. But how can they grevent youth from being poisoned with Nazi hatred? Although they have not the means, they know that .intelleet has always beeq stronger than force both the book and the film. The anti- | contain | I they are poisoning the masses with | German to insist that there is a vast| | economists, all advised it. | were for it. The people _President Wilson inherited from previous administrations certain | problems related to the Latin American policy of the State Department, with | which, he had to deal in accordance with standing facts and precedents. | Most of the inter-American questions | which came up during his terms in | office, he himself did not create. He only confronted them in the spirit | prevalent at the time. Confronted Crises. Of course, she could have made a {brave departure and tried to correct that spirit, which was not the right one. But it takes a long time to change pub- lic opinion in the United States, and some of those questions were rapidly | approeching a crisis. Naturally, it was | unfertunate that he had to sacrifice |some of Lis principles for the sake of ut he did only what his predecessors had done before, w1 what the larger part of public opin- :“ . in this country advocated at that ! in judging President Wil- E in Latin America one must remember that some of them were re- lated to the emergencies of the World War. Considering all these factors, then, but above all, the sincerity of his purposes, the attitude of President Wil- son toward Latin America, even if mis- taken. was already an improvement over the bold, imperialistic methods of Theodore Roosevelt and the “big stick” I have dwelt pon the circum- nd the sy n which Presi- I is to stress the s with the situation today. In en years public opinion in the United States has modified consid- erably its conception of inter-American relations. Contrary to what was the case when Wood: Wilson became President, the American people do not today amicable in the “safeg! n - institu le. At least “big that seems to by the ap- recent withdrawals IS ics of non- d through- publicans and ave indorsed them. 0Old Standards Reversed. s han n public opinion— home, brought by have probably possible an in the Latin ate Depart- One after ver-Stimson ¢ State Department t of its old standards 1 relations. non-intervention. American forces has disavowed abroad over the juris- authorities. It has le of recognition nary gov. d a new and on of the Mon- definitely con- ndizement by brother the things to be ac- ticularly and suspi- C past ¢ vanished. may already be said the State Department tude toward Latin even more important, 5 backed by public d States. As & t could not have been under _conditions rom those under which Ison received it from his predecesso! Sees Piedges Fulfilled. no reason. therefore. to Executive ven in his the = of the re in ac- ation of the ¥ of smaller na- co-operation in in- eful ~ conciliatory dence and, in the Roosevelt, “respect oF Cihers™ of the good neighbor, admit of actions similar to those ordered by President Wilson during h: tary adventures in Mex- ico, Nicara and Haiti, no matter how well intentioned these may be. Even more, it is the best guaranty that ident policy outbursts of savage hatred and scorn | 1 D. Roosevelt, and n. i5 President of . but because public Latin America has the United States since opinion changed 913 | Which only goes to prove the truth {of what Prof. James Brown Scott said | the other day, when I pointed out the popular color and democratic spirit of | the inaugural parade. so different from | our ~solemn, strictly military Latin | American parades This is still, he | said, “the nearest thing on earth to a | government of the people, by the peo- ple and for the people.” toward in Paddy With Clay Pipe | Is Passing in Ireland DUBLIN.—The Paddy with a clay {pipe is the latest candidate for inclu- | sion in the cast of Irish characters bet- |ter known on the stage than in real |life. The gradual disappearance of the jarvie and his jaunting car has helped to seal the doom of the clay pipe-making | industry here. | Young Itishmen, too, even if they join | the ranks of the hod carriers, appear to prefer briars or cigarettes. Most of | the smokers who still regard the short- stemmed clay as the best smoke of all are to be found in rural communities. | (Copyright. 1933.) 'Burial Alive Penalty For Chinese Grafters TSINAN, China.—~To fight corruption and that German culture will reassert and graft, which are widespread and itself against the barbarism seeking to often considered inevitable in Chinese engulf it. After all, a higher civilization | politics, Magistrate Wang Hung-Lieh, follows a lower one, and the man of theé | who governs the Anchiu district, not far bronze age scored a victory over the from here, has introduced a new device man-of the mcre primitive stone age. | for punishment of those enriching This article is being written on the | themselves by robbing the state. eve of my uilmlxh for Europe, just a| His method is called the “bribe hole” few days before the German eldctions. |system. At his order large holes have Whatever their outcome will be, it is been dug before the magisterial yamen, safe to_sey that Hitler will cling to|in which any one found guilty of giving power. But it Is. just as safe to predict | or taking bribes will be forced to bury that the best there is in German culture himself alive. Wang has stated pub- will keep on cpposing him until the day | licly that if higher authority finds even when superior man's love of his| he himself guilty of corruption in any fellow human bemfl will triumph over | form he will not hesitate to bury him- the inferior man’ of all that is | self in this manner, Retter than he, % (Copyright, 19332 R