Evening Star Newspaper, April 10, 1932, Page 28

“, miltee meeting the importance and of finance gripped Glass and firgd his imagination. He immediately applied to it a principle which he has appiied to everything he has ever at- tempted. That was to drive himself to know more about it than anybody @lse, £0 that he could do it better than y else. He went at this new subject hammer and tongs. He immersed himself in it and practically shut his mind to every- thing else. Between 1903 and 1812 he put himself through a rigid course of education on finance. He read. He interviewed everybody whose opinion was worth while. He asked questions. He went into small banks in Virginia and familiarized himself with banking customs. He went to New York and | other large cities and from bankers learned the customs of big banks. He interviewed small merchants and great Industrialists as to their financial needs. He spent hours with college professors and other economists. He mastered the | history of finance. And then he evolved & set of finance principles of his own. Memory Is Amazing. His knowledge of this subject alone gives Glass an advantage over most other legislators. But to this founda- tion he has brought two other impor- tant qualities. One is his memory for facts, which constantly amazes his col- | leagues: the other is his ability to ex-, ress himself. Finance is no mystery to im. It is simple and he can make it sound simple and understandable | when he talks about it. He can even | make it dramatically interesting Accident, again, made Glass the suthor of the Federal Reserve act.| During the first seven years that he served on the Banking and Currency | Committee one after another of the | Democrats above him dropped out | until, by the operation of the prac-| tically inviolable rule of seniority, he | became the ranking Democratic mem- | ber. ‘Then, in 1910, the Democrats | carried the House, and Glass automat- | ically became chairman of the commit- tee by reason of the retirement of Rep- resentative Pujo of Louisiana, who made an_unsuccessful race for the Senate. That much was accident or fate, ‘The manner in which he handled the fight for the bill, however, and his ultimate success in passing it and be- holding the creature of his brain come into being were due almost wholly to the fact that he had equipped himself for the job which fate had put into his hands. Glass is tremendously proud of his| ternity of the Federal Reserve Bank, | ring the last 18 years he has watched the administration of the Federal Re- serve System like a jealous mwCher casting eagle eyes out into the ym#d to see that no cross-eyed neighb@rhood boy picks on her angel child And when the cross-eyed boy has apueared, from time to time, Giass has rushed out of the house and flayed him with caus- tic tongue lashings. Has Set Principles. Out of his 30 years' study Glass has evolved a certain, definite set of prin- ciples for American finances, and fights for them tenaciously in season and out. *.. He insists that the Government, rather than private bankers, shall be the dom- inant factor; that the benefits and aid of the Federal Reserve System shall go to productive business—agricultural, commercial and industrial—manufac- turers and merchntnhu m.kmalugdxn-l goods; that the regional lera) ge‘lerve banks shall be decentralized from and independent of New York, and that the credit and resources of the system shall not be used as the basis of speculation. He has fought to estab- lish or maintain these principles for 18 years and he has not the slightest idea of ever giving up. As was the case ‘when he was a boy, he can be licked in 8 given scrap, but he has yet to ac- knowledge that he has been defeated. ‘There is yet another reason for Glass' in financial leadership—the fact that he formerly was Secretary of the Treasury. When a member can rise on the floor of the Senate during disclission of a question pertaining to finance and say, I was Secref of the Treasury I found such and such, and for that reason I now tell you so and s0.” other members are somewhat handicapped in making their oppositior. sound convincing. This is especially the case when the Senator was admit- tedly a success as the head of the Treasury Department. A Jot of pressure has been concen- trated on Glass during the last few months to induce him to yield a point here and there on issues which he be- lieves involve one or the other of his Anancial principles. He has been flooded with letters and telegrams. Bankers, politiclans, business men, acquaintances and ol personal friends have besieged bim, and have tried to convince him that some of the plans for which he is | fighting are deflationary, and so will do | more harm than good. Still he fights on. The same type of concentration and | tenacity which he has applied to finance is applied by Glass to any issue in the settlement of which he desires or feels impelled to participate. He has a one- track mind. He can do only one thing at a time. He can think of only ne | thing at a time. Frequently he strive to avold taking part in a controversy | because his mind is absorbed by some- thing else. That is the reason he sel- | dom speaks in the Senate. He abhors the practice of many members of jump- | ing up every little while and “spouting,” as he calls it, on almost any subject, often with incomplete knowledge and half-baked opinions. | Much of a Puritan. | Despite his birth and rearing in the | South, Carter Glass is a good deal of & Puritan, which undoubtedly helps to explain his rigid sense of duty and his conscientious attitude in public and | private affairs. The almost identical character of the early settlers of Massa- chusetts Bay Colony and the Colony | of Virginia still shows in this Southern | descendant. He was brought up in a | comparatively isolated section, where old Puritan standards of personal in- | tegrity and conduct had survived in considerable degree from the rugged forefathers. The easy. affluent, slave- owning, tobacco raising, fox hunting, hard drinking, hard riding traditions common in some parts of the Old Do- minion evidently made little impres- sion on the simple life of the Glass ! a few years there he went into the auditor's office of the Norfolk & West- {ern Railroad and two years thereafter resumed newspaper work on the Daily |New1, the morning paper now owned by |him. He eventually attracted State- ‘wid! attention by his caustic, belliger- | ent attitude on local and State issues. Entered Politics in 1899, A few years later, when the paper | was offered for sale, he borrowed the money with which to make a down payment for its purchase, and by hard work and rigid economy pald out his indebtedness until the paper was his. | Still later he bought the town's other paper and for many years has been owner and publisher of both the i rbr:‘nrning and evening papers of Lynch- Tg. | policies which he has followed in public life. He stood out boldly for his convic- tions, fought for them, sought to force others to accept them by the strength | of his exposition of his cause. It not until 1899 that he entered politics. In reality he did not enter; he was drafted. While away from home, recuperating from @n illness and un- aware of what was going on, he was | nominated to the Virginia Senate. | Strangely enough, every political posi- tion he ever held has been thrust upon him. He never sought one of the posts which he has occupied. In 1902 he was nominated for Congress without his knowledge. He was drafted again without any previous knowledge or idea of his own when President Wilson, in 1918, appointed him Secretary of the Treasury. A little more than a year | later the veteran “Tom" Martin, Sena- tor from Virginia, died, and once more an elevation to political position came to Glass unsought; the Governor of Virginia appointed him to fill the vacancy. Since then he has been elected three times. During his long, active life Carter Glass has evolved a scale of values to which he rigorously adheres and which he maintains with the same determined vigor that he displays in a legislative battle. He has little love for many things to which convention attaches great value. One of his chief aversions is the social climber. Erudite and scholarly himself, from a lifetime of self-education; cultured and kindly in his instincts, from his rearing in a home and neighborhood of cultured relatives and friends, he knows and observes the ordinary social amenities, but abhors what to him is the spectacle of the man or woman striving desperately for social position and distinction. y of them, from his home State, write to him, asking him to get them invitations to White House social functions. He flatly Tefuses. Dislikes Speechmaking. “What!” he exclaims, “ask a gentle- man to invite & stranger to his home? Never! I'd as soon think of asking him to let me pick out his wife.” One important Virginia woman in- duced an intimate friend of Glass' in Lynchburg to ask him to help get her daughter presented at the Court of St. James. Glass wrote back to him “I have a disrelish for social com- mendations. In my view a person is Jjust what that person is and should advance in social esteem only so far as he is entitled to advance on his own account.” Another institution to which Glass has an aversion is speechmaking. He never speaks himself except on some- thing that he is especially qualified to explain. He has no political organiza- tion whatever—no manager, no lieu- tenants, no publicity, He had no “head- re-elected. He made not a single speech. Importuned to do something, he replied: “The pecple of Virginia know me. They know what I've been doing. If they like it they'll vote for me; if they don't, | they won't. I don’t propose to try to influence them one way or the other.” His attitude toward his fellow Sena- tors is much the same. He won't trade. He won't appeal to individual Senators to support him. He won't log-roll. There’s no “You vote for my bill and T'll vote for yours” about him. He makes his fight directly and openly. He sometimes hammers members of the Senate and burns them with sarcasm. They don't like it. They like Glass. He has as many friends on the Repub- lican side as on the Democratic side. He is not a leader; he is not & manipu- lator. He is a driver. He has been one of the outstanding drys. but never a zealot. In this, as in his other political activities, he has expressed himself vigorously, fought hard, driven home his arguments with cutting sarcasm and relentless deter- mination. But his contempt for and scorn of the “wet-drinking, dry-voting” legislator is as strong as his hatred of men who make a “profession” of being dry and are “moral” chiefly for pecu- niary reasons. He has never taken a drink of any kind of liquor in his life and he has never smoked. Yet Bishop Cannon has no more bitter enemy than Oarter Glass, his fellow dry. Bars Special Pleading. Carter Glass will not allow a special pleader inside his office door if he knows it. If an old friend gets in and then starts special pleading—a com. mon practice on Capitol Hill—he maj even be requested to leave. Glass idea of the proprieties is that the pleaders should appedr at public hear- ings held for that purpose. For example, when the newspaper publishers of the country came to Wash- ington & few years ago to tell their desires to Congress concerning the duty on wood pulp, the first man they went to see was Glass. “He'll help us,” they said. “He's & newspaper publisher him- self.” A committee called upon Glass. He knew every one of them intimately. They were his friends. in the same trade. And he turned them down cold. He wouldn't even let them talk to him about wood pulp, and when the wood pup schedule came to a vote on the floor of the Senate he asked to be ex- cused from voting “I cannot vote on a schedule in which I have a personal interest,” he said Like his constituents, however, and like his fellow members of Congress, the | visiting editors thought none the less of him for such radical disagreement | with them. During the pendency of a recent As an editor Glass followed the same quarters” in 1930, when he was last | Present conditions afforded Germany family or the Glass neighborhood. The | emergency finance bill an old and inti- deeply religious Methodists of this sec- | mate Democratic friend of Glass’ cflleq tion must have inculcated in the boy | to see him. He was solicitious for Glass' {that sense of personal integrity which | health (which has never been robust) 'has survived nearly 40 years of the |and for the health of Mrs. Glass. Tough and tumble of modern American | Finally he got down to the purpose of politics | his visit, which was to try to infiuence Carter Glass' boyhood and young |Glass on an important point in the bill manhood must have Joft its mark upon | under debate. Glass had read in the his life. To it, perhaps, can be traced | newspapers a few days before that his some of his seeming bitterness, his |0ld friend had been to the White House habit of caustic retort, his general rep- | to breakfast, so he drawled utation for belligerency. Born in 185 “Go back and tell the President I'm THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, APRIL 10, 1932—PART TWO. 'rom the pressing urge to , N0 more charming, entertal or delightful companion could be found in a year's search. But when he's in Congress, deeply concentrated on one side of a vigorous controversy, he is, as the Scotch say, “hard to live with.” The character and role of Senator |Glass in the political world of today were aptly stated unwittingly by him- self, when a delegation of influential | Virginians called and asked him to sup- | port a duty on peanuts. |..'Gentlemen,” "he bitingly declared, “you are wasting your breath. I'm no peanut politician." | Urges U. 8. to Reduce War Debts to Forty Per Cent (Continued From Third Page.) (including bankers’ and investors' loans, ro\'emmenlnl. municipal and industrial oans, and also the Dawes and Young plan bonds) from their pre-moratorium general average of about 8 per cent per annum to 5}z per cent, the latter being the rate on the compartively recent Young plan loan of $300,000,000. The Dawes bonds bear 7 per cent interest. As Germany at 8 cent has been Paying a total of $460,000,000 interest annually on the foregoing external debts, & reduction to 5!, per cent would mean & saving to her in gold payments of about $145,000,000 a year. Thus transfer payments by Germany on fu- ture reparations of $150,000,000 an- nually as provided rein would sub- stantially be made ailable, and the nightmare of Gerian defaults and consequent political and economic chaos would be removed. British, French, American, Dutch and Swiss banks and bankers handled these external Ger- man loans, and they and their respec- tive nationals are now the holders of these bonds and notes 8. Defer and omit sinking fund or amortization payments on all the above external German loans, including the Dawes and Young bonds, for a period of three years, same to be resumed thereafter. This will furnish a much- needed breathing spell and should make unnecessary any further moratorium for that purpose. 9. A general plan of equitable, pro- gressive but drastic disarmament to be evolved and accepted by the nations at the present Geneva Disarmament Conference, both to promote world peace and to effect enormous financial savings by all nations mow so vitally needed. The world has been spending $10,000.000 a day ($4,000,000,000 & year) the past few years for peace- time armaments. If, by the ingenuity of common sense, the nations now meeting at Geneva would agree to a progressive pro rata cut of 50 per cent of their armaments (with safeguards against unfair results) the world would save from economic waste $2,000,000,- 000 a year or $5000000 a day. The United States would thereby save $350,- 000,000 a year indefinitely, and Europe the sum of $1,200,000,000 year in- definitely. Here economic necessity and world peace make a joint and ir- resistible appeal and here, too, we can find abundant compensation in money for our further reduction -of allied debts. Revise Versailles Treaty. reasonably revised to conform to the spirit and purpose of the proposed re- adjustment. in order to bring about political appeasement and amity among European peoples. Without these con- comitants, the results may be barren and the sacrifices vain. This work is strictly European and mainly Pranco- German. 11. In view of the great relief from under this plan, and doubly to insure her permanent acceptance thereof, a legal plebiscite to be held in Germany ratifying the entire program of read- | Jjustment, thereby binding the present | and future German governments to its ' validity and permanence regardless of political changes hereafter in the Reich. As all political groups in Ger- many have emphasized their willing- ness to pay the external commercial debts as they now stand, the affirma- tive vote in such referendums should be well nigh unu.n&rrnous. ‘The foregoing plan largely explains itself. If it did not furnish adequate relief to Germany, it should adorn the waste basket. The theory in this re- spect has been to make Germany pay not “the most she can” but “the least she must” to accomplish an equitable liquidation of the war mess. The plan attempts to disentangle and simplify the enarl cof international war debts and to reduce them all to a point of | moderation and assured payment. It requires American and foreign bankers and their clients to contribute $145,- 000,000 a year by a reduction of the interest rate on German bonds and notes to 51 per cent. The original took its cue from the high rates of in- terest that have prevailed inside Ger- many for many years. But it is safe to forecast that a sound 5% per cent German bond will command a material- ly higher price in the financial markets of the world than a precarious 8 per cent German bond now does. That is an example of what is meant in reor- ganizations when it is said that all in- terests should make concessions for the common_ benefit of all. | The United States apparently is making the greatest sacrifice in the proposed program, but in reality the sacrifice was largely made years ago| and with our eyes open. We volun- tarily entered the war with great en- thusiasm, shared by the writer and his two soldier sons. Our Government spent $38,000,000,000 in the 19 months we were in the war. We asked nothing and took nothing from the peace table in 1919, while we watched all the others revel in the spoils of war. We made highly doubtful investments in the form of war loans and credits to the allies aggregating $10,000,000,000. Here is a stuggering total governmental war in- vestment of $48,000,000,000. | Lost When It Was Loaned. 1 ask in all sincerity: When did we really lose this money? Was it when we expended and loaned it, was it when we refused to share in the spoils of war or would it be now, when we are try- | ing to set the broken world on its feet | by accepting 40 cents on the dollar of the original loans from nations whose | “capacity to pay,” in common with our | own, has enormously declined? It is clear that we are making no attempt to get back any of our other $38000,- 000,000, which is 80 per cent of it all, for otherwise we would have insisted on sharing in the spoils of war, repa- rations and all. Thus it is now only a question of how much we can save out of the remaining 20 per cent of our | war _investment. The proposed plan | would yleld us a total of 40 per cent thereof, or $4,000,000,000. Do not the | manifold advantages of such a settle- average rate of 8 per cent doubtless | MONG the men whose friend- ship I enjoyed was the late C. W, Barron, owner of the Wall Street Journal. One day in Boston I received a mes- sage that he was sick in New York and wished to see me before he died I hurried home by the fastest train, but when I reached his hotel I discovered that he had given up all idea of dying. He was in telephoning, dictating, receiving time. He had been close enough to eternity, however, so that the experience left a deep impression. the room, we talked about death. He told me two stories. cumulated a large fortune, built feet on the windowsill, and said: self.” But_he was like a watch spring which has been wound up sight for a’long time, and, being suddenly released, snaps in pieces. After only a few months of idleness he died. The second story had been told to Barron by a noted surgeon. A woman, taken to the hospital for a slight operation, died almost before the anesthetic was applied. The surgeon could not under- stand it. On looking into her history, he discovered that from the minute the operation was decided upon she had begun to prepare for the worst. She had made hel divided her personal property. The surgeon said: The first was about a man who ac- bed, but he was visitors and_having a glorious . When his secretary went out of a house on Fifth avenue, put his “Now, I am going to enjoy my- | of Commerce, Reclus, with remarkable pre-science, 25 years ago, making this phrase the title of one of the most brilliant pamphlets I have read, Is it possible that in these days, when Asia is drawing away, the wisdom of this advice will not be realized? 1Is it possible that this vast field of activity and enterprise, free from the influence of America in the west and from that of Russia in the east, will not be exploited? (Copyright by the London Genera! Press.) Turks May Ban Candy For Figs and Raisins ISTANBUL, Turkey.—The Turk in danger of losing his Turkish de- | light and nibble figs and raisins in- stead during the famous candy festi- val _which follows the sacred month of Ramazan. The Menemen Chamber spurred on by the nation-wide propaganda for home products, proposes that instead of serv- ing candy to the guests at Bairam figs and raisins should be passed around on the traditional silver tray. Candy, the Menemen business men declars, means good Turkish money of the sugar consumed in Turkey comes from Holland, Belgium and So- viet Russia. The two sugar factories in Turkey do not produce enough to meet daily demands and such luxuries as lokoums, Turkish delight and candy r will, given away her jewels and again operate until I find out what preparations the patient has made. « he makes all preparations to let have the job.” If any person cares so little about holdin on to life that g0, then some other surgeon can Barron said that by the degree of their courage and faith men | themselves determine how long they will live. I believe that is true—that those live who want to live; that when interest ceases, the heart sto] “the love of stud{ all the others fai ; falls more and more into decay.” None of us can escape the process of decay, but there are many things I want to learn, so many to fool the old heart and kidneys will you. (Copyrigl What’s Wrong With the World || (Continued From First Page.) All these factors account for only an infinitesimal portion of the increase. The true cause of the extraordinary increase in population is simply the birth and development of industry, When President Hoover became food dictator, during the months after the war, he said: “Europe has 100,000,000 more inhabitants than it is able to 10. The treaty of Versailles to be | feed One hundred millions—I am tempted to say 150,000,000—live not from the soil but from the subsoil. Yes, from the subsoil. When the first inventions were introduced, Europe —at that time almost the only center of knowledge—was the only continent in & position to reap the benefit. had ample supplies of coal, to which the invention of the steam engine gave A supremacy the precariousness of which no one suspected at the time, and Europe built up a vast industry which naturally centered in the coal fields. The population followed, aban- donlng the land To those who find the explanation of the fall or increase in procreation in the weakening or prevalence of re- liglous faith, I recommend an exam- ination of the movement of population in France. They will have to admit that in the ardently religious districts, such as L'Aveyron and La Lozere, the population is still diminishing. On the other hand, apart from large towns, it is only the northern districts, with their flourishing industries, and Brittany that have an increasing population—not on account of religious faith, but purely on | account of the prosperity derived from maritime employment and an in- dustrialized sgriculture. Always and everywhere people are impelled by self-interest. More chil- dren are born when parents have a prospect of certain employment for their progeny from the age of ado- | lescence onward, when they know that the subsoil will feed the children as it has fed them 1 am employing a metaphor that I their 1918 dream of peace for which they had fought. Have the statesmen of Europe and the responsible officials of their gov- emments the courage and the vision not only to join in this movement, but themselves to lead it? 1If they have, then the recent significant words of Senator Borah may become historically prophetic: “I predicf that if such a program were inaugurated in Europe it | would strike an immediate response in the hearts of our people.” Opposes Half-Way Plans. But no half-way measures will serve; no mere patchwork plans of temporary dimensions must be considered. We must have a comprehensive settiement that will give a new lease of life to countless millions of the world's peo- ples. How long is the penal servitude of the war to last? And pray, who are really paying its crushing penalties? They are being paid by the innocent common people of every nation of the earth. As has been truly said, the allled and asociate powers won the war but lost the peace. It is poor conso- lation to say that the Central Powers lost both. I appeal from Philip drunk to Philip sdber, from the conduct of war- mad nations to their sober sense of for- giveness, justice and peace. I appeal to Great Britain, France, Italy, Bel- gium, Poland and the other allies to | put an end to the economic and polit- ical chaos resulting from the war and to form a solid European phalanx for that purpose. I make especial appeal to the spiritual quality of the great French people whose name is imperish- ably attached to the creation and life of a democracy, to apply their noble emblem of “liberty, equality and fra- ternity,” so effective within their na- tion, to all their international relation- ships. Europe thinks America is the stumbling block to economic appease- ment: America thinks Prance its stumbling block. As our two de- mocracies were born of brave revolu- tions, as the treaty renouncing and outlawing war bears at its masthead is almost the sole passion that is eternal in us; as this miserable machine which sustains them It is largely | Montesquieu remarked that Flaces I want to see, that I hope or quite a while, And so, I trust, ht. 1932.) | have used before. Need I justify it by ‘zxpll\nlng that the subsoil feeds the | people because it enables them to pro- | duce manufactured goods which can be exchanged for the products of agri- cultural countries? This leads me back to my starting point. From the beginning of the nine- teenth century and up to recent years Europe enjoyed & monopoly; it was the world’s factory, gathering to its work- shops millions of workmen, foremen | and engineers. Europe had no mis- | givings that the privilege thus sudden- | |1y acquired by this small part of the | world would not last forever. was inevitable that the other continents would not resign themselves to an in- definite European hegemony. Sooner | or later they were bound to throw off | the yoke; they were bound to follow the example of Europe and equip them- selves for production. Thus, in the very nature of things, Europe would ultimately be forced to find a way of accommodating a population which would prove excessive the moment she ceased to be almost the only workshop of the world. ‘This inevitable transformation would probably have taken place with the merciful gradualness of natural forces if the war had not intervened. One of the war’s immediate results was that the nations which had been supplied by Europe were forced, by the failure of | their suppliers, to provide for them- selves; they built up industries which |on the termination of hostilities became | competitors of European industry. It | should have been realized in Europe | that a new order of things had been | introduced, that the field for the ex- pansion of the industries of the Old | | World has suddenly contracted and | | that the necessary adjustments re- ;quired certain reductions and elimina- tions. | Instead, Europe has done the exact oppesite. In the shadow of the peace | treaties, which covered Europe with cus- | toms cordons from end to end, factories | were set athrob and industry was ex- | panded. In short, Europe did not lg- preciate the changes wrought in the | world by the war: it was not realized that this part of the world had become | too small; that, on the one hand, in-| dustries ought to be slowed down ‘n | accordance with the contraction of th markets, and that, on the other hand, provision ought to be made for the plac- ing of the excess population. Nor docs | Europe think of this today. All coun- tries endeavor to increase their popula- tion, and have been obsessed by tha’ idea for a long time; at the same time. | they rectrict emigration to a very con- 1 do not want to be unduly pessi- mistic, but I cannot help fearing an extension of unemployment, the cause of our social troubles. And who can ' say that tomorrow, or the day after, | the botler—deprived of its safety valve— will not explode, and that the old con- tinent will not be precipitated into the abyss of a war of extermination? However, it appears to me that there is a means of preventing the catastro- phe. Africa is at our doors. The black continent could recelve a RESORTS. ___ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. ST TR WELCOME THE SPRING ot olten Maner One of rhe Finest Holels In Atlantic City SPECIAL LOW WEEKLY RATES Rest andplay in the sunshine and sea alr L...it's an ing change. Eo Coifon Mancr's marvelovs. Suisine. o B |Rockefeller D have to depemd on foreign products. If the Turk has to wear his own silk, |bundle up in his own woolen goods, “That taught me a lesson. I shall never |drink linden tea and sour milk instead of tea and coffee, he should also con- | sume his own sweet products, say the | merchants. The Smyrna figs and rai- “sms are just as delightful and sweet as the candy made in Turkey and should be enjoyed thoroughly by the guests. Bairam, & religious festival lasting three days, is & holiday of sweets and visiting. = Every one buys candy and lokoums, even the poorest of families, The candy shops are mobbed for week and the quantity of candy sold is staggering. (Copyright, Inaccuracies of U. S. Authors Denounced 1932.) PRAGUE.—War upon American au- thors who misrepresent American life has been declared by the American In- stitute in Prague. This organization bhas just adopted & proposal for giving several series of lectures covering dif- ferent aspects of American life. “After the exaggerated admiration for America prevalent here during the first years after the war,” the proposal runs, “we now witness an exaggerated criticism caused chiefly by the books of certain American authors who see noth- ing but the dark side of American life. “It is one of the institute’s chief tasks to correct this false opinion and to spread right knowledge about America among as wide a circle of the popula- But it | ton as is possible.” Accordingly, in collaboration with the popular extension movement of the Charles University of Prague, several series of lectures dealing with the ma- terial and spiritual culture of America ! will be organized every year. | The authors condemned in the pro- | posal are, above all, Sinclair Lewis and Upton Sinclair, whose books are in great | favor with Czechoslovak readers. (Copyright, 1932 onates To German Institute BERLIN.—A proposed neurological institute for Breslau has been made possible by a recent $50,000 gift of the Rockefeller Foundation, which will be erected on the present site of the ‘Wenzel-Hancke Hospital. The City of Breslau will have the legal title to the new institution, as well as assume the general mainte- nance of the building, this being the only condition attached to the dona- tion. Prof. Foerster, well known Breslau savant. will head the institute when it is completed. (Copyrisht. 1932) RESORTS. ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. [mnmc CITY'S NEWESE [CENTRALLY LOCATED-FIREPROOF INAAVE: siderable extent. | FEATURES LOW RATES FOR BOARDWALK HOTELS PurDay, ParPersen, with Meals Het and Cold Sea Water Bath Cobaret, Dancing, Refreshments Complimantary Each Weak-End ig:’z Luxury Living at Cost, Plus 7% y Ocean oo L@ Kentucky Ave. Ocean Special Spring Rates for Room & Bath nderful meals incl 21 E n_Plan (Rooms Onl ropea: Capac’y 550. Phone 4-1063, 1s | in the pockets of foreigners, as most ! h (Continued Prom Third Page.) es in Java, Germany tive contem; and England, yet in other respects were quite unlike, but fashioned in an equally primitive manner. At first it was thought that the discoveries at Peking had revealed a stage in human evolu- tion we had been seeking for—the time when man had not yet discovered how to make or how to use fire and had not yet found out how to shape stone tools or how to use them. But last year dis- | tinct hearths and rude tools shaped frem quartz were revealed in the Pek- ing mausoleum. So even at the begin- nings of the Pleistocene period—a mil- lion years ago, on the accepted major scale of reckoning—man had laid the basis of our civilization. For does not a knowledge of fire and of tools lie at the very basis of our way of living? Qur civilization, then, began at least a million years ago in a world inhabite | by strange, primitive locel breeds humanity. Under the action of cir- cumstances—guided, some would claim by & supernatural Providence—man has made his exodus through the Pleisto- cene age and has come out as now we find him, differing in color of skin, in mentality and in ways of living, but an infinite improvement upon the human- :g revealed at Peking, Java and Pilt- wn, be:cn:?'h"’:fl'glhm b:dl million years | upward progress con- WUpue? Hitherto he has been the un-’ wonscious flotsam and jetsam on the | sea of circumstances; natural currents have carried him forward. But can he any longer afford to be mere flotsam and jetsam on nature's sea? Must he now direct his course? I fear he must but will conscious effort bring hir advancement which came to him nature held the helm? The reader must forgive me for this lapse into moralizing. I shall make amends by instantly turning to recently made discoveries relating to the past which affect our present outlook. These discoveries were made in Palestine, and relate not to the state of humanity at the beginning of ghe Pleistocene period, but to its condl! toward the end of that period—from about 35000 B.€. down to about 8000 B.C. Six years agoa young Oxford graduate, Mr. Turville-Petre, discovered in a cave on the western shore of Lake Galilee evidence proving that some 35,000 years ago Palestine, like Europe, was inhabited by Neander- thal man, that strange race of human- ity that now has been 50 long extinct. During the last three years Miss Dorothy Garrod, one of the most ac- complished excavators of modern times, has opened a series of caves in the Holy Land from Mount Carmel in the north to the Judean Hills in the south, and discovered the fossil bones and the im- plements fashioned by the Palestinians Who succeeded—and probably extermi- nated—Neanderthal man. | Flint Tools Found. | The Judeans of this anclent period | were men of the European type who also manifested certain African traits. ‘Thousands of their fiint tools have been | found. Certain tools of the last race of cave dwellers—which may be assigned to the eighth millennium B.C.—are of | particular interest to us. They are| sharp flint blades, which apparently ve been as sickles, for they show a kind of wear seen only in flints used for reaping. Apparently the late cave dwellers gathered the heads of wild corn, for there is no of their having tilled the land. e animal bones found in the caves are not those of domesticated breeds. This is the earliest sign yet discovered of man's use of corn as & means of subsistence. Palestine has given us our oldest writ- | ten history. It is the land of the Bible. | It is destined to give us a still older | histgry. In its caves are recorded the | dol of men who lived in Canaan many thousands of years before the time ¢f Abraham. The pre-biblical | istory of Palestine is now being de- | cipl:mrrd. o 0 less surpris are the prehistoric discoveries being made . Thanks to the enterprising labors of a young Englishman, Dr. L. S. B. Leakey, we are rapidly coming to an exact know! of its inhabitants for many thousands of years back. As I write, a long m from Dr. has come Leakey announcing that in RESORTS. __ATLANTIC CITY, N. J. i MOST BEAUTIFUL LOCATION— FACING OCEAN AND PARK. ,000 Years Tanganyika he has explored s series of hrolo'!ul strata—flive in number— | Which record the history of East Afries | for the whole of the Pleistocene period. All five beds—thes oldest of which was laid down a million years ago, on the leng estimate—econtain not only the bones cf extinct animals (the three- toed horse, for example), but also shaped stone implements, crude attempts in the oldest beds, but becoming more re- finedy in the later beds. In the oldest bed but one the skeleton of a man was unearthed—the Oldoway man. But, whereas the oldest fossil man found in other parts of the world is quite unltke any race now living. the Oldowsy man is of the modern type. I find it 50 hard to believe that modern man had come into existence so long ago that I await further evidence before coming to a cecision 1 shall not weary my readers with sccounts of other equally surprisin discoveries which are being made in a pirts of the world—discoveries which throw light on how mankind fared as millennium succeeded millennium dur- ing the Pleistocene perind. This ancient world was very different from the one we know. There are mcre people in London today than there were in the whole world then. There was this other difference: modern races, although they | differ in external appearance, are won- derfully alike in internal structure. It Wwas otherwise in the ancient world— the men of one country differed great- ly in structure as well as in appearance from those of other lands. Yet the civilization of the ancient world was nearly uniform. And one has but to get a glimpse of this world to be recon- r‘n»dflw the worst the present one has to offer, Other Civilizations Bared. Having touched upon the discoveries which throw light upon man's very early history, let us now return to the advances being made by those who are searching for the beginnings of civiliza- tion. The most wonderful discovery of recent years is that made by the archeological survey of India, working under Sir John Marshall. Sir John's official report was recently published. In it he gives an account of a great city civilization which had been estab- lished along the valley of the Indus more than 5,000 years ago—before the great pyramids of Egypt had been bullt. In the fourth millennjum there were gitles on the Indus containing 30,000 Inhabitants or more. They had wheeled traffic, grew cotton and spun it, and had merchant palaces. Only 13 years ago we thought that the lamp of civilization had been lit in only one small part of the world so early as the fourth millennium. We thought its light was then confined to Egypt. Then discoveries were made proving that we had altogether under- estimated the extent of the early civil- ized world. In the fourth millennium C. the area of civilization included not only Egypt, but Mesopotamia. Asia Minor, Persia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan and—as we now know—India, at least its northwestern part. Of all the homes of this early civilization only one now remains intact—Egypt. In other lands the surviving descendants of the plo= neers of civilization have relapsed to & semi-tribal mode of life. When we consider how large an area of the East r-rucip-ted in the advan- tages of civilization between 5,000 and 6,000 years ago we marvel that this new mode of life took about 2,000 years to spread to Western Europe. The manner of its spread was rerarkable. In Me- sopotemnia and neighboring lands em- pire succeeded empire until some 3,000 years ago the imperial way of extending civilization spread into Europe—to Greece and then to Rome. Then came the collapse of Rome, leaving each of the nations of the West to rebuild civil- ization in its own way. And after 1§ centuries we find ourselves where we now are. Are Europeans on the crest of their wave or still on the ascent? And what of the great white civiliza- tions of America, Australia, New Zea- land? Because they are younger, will they therefore live longer? We can but ask these questions; we cannot ane swer them. RESORTS. CAPE MAY, N. J. YOU WILL LIKE EMay NEW JERSEY A summer seashore resort since 1001, Old ~yes —yet modem. Cottages and apertments ideally sivated. Why not arrenge en early lease for your summer home? There is a size, style and location 10 suityouss3¥; hours from New York and 1% hours from Philadelphia by raiiread. Paved highway all the way to Cape May. rom BOOKLET AGDRESS R. 5. Dean, City Manoger CAPE MAY, N. J. APRIL. ... the most alluring month of Atlantic City's Spring Season. Winter rates still in effect Best of Saddle Horses on Beach. All other Conceivable Sports and Amuse- ments. Speelal week end R.R. fare (rou nd trip), sood from Friday to Monday, $8.56. Ocean End of South Caroling Ave. REDUCED G_RATES RESORTS. le comparison. Just night or pleasant daylight ride— &0.Ry. Pine motor run. The Green- Brier Airport and hangars. Resery tions at the New Willard, Washington. ALL-EXPENSE his first seven years were lived when 8gainst it.” ment entirely outweigh the possibilities | the names of a French and an Ameri- Lis family was pessing through the anguish of Civil War days For the next 10 years, during his impression- able age up to 17, he lived through the | Teconstruction era. His side had lost jthe war, which must have been galling o a lad of his temperament, tion, his young ears every day drank in stories of outrages perpetrated by fj the victors. And on the day that he fz#aw his father, a fighting Southern edi- § tor, brought home with one eye shot ,Out by & carpetbag partisan his soul :;‘uc?n‘hsn been seared with an ever- scar. ‘The Glass family was prosperous be- fore the war and young Carter’s older brothers were sent to college. His fa- ther was a man of scholarly attain- In addi- | ments and a distinguished editor of | his time. War and reconstruction, however, reduced the Glass fortunes. There wasn't the money to send Car- ter to college, 50 his formal education had to be abandoned when, the age of 14, he had completed what amount- E R private schools in Young Glass e | been | food. “Why, Carter!” explained his friend, “you don't think I'm here as an emis- sary from the White House, do you?" The United States alone among the “Well,” came out of the drawn-up lip | nations long ago renounced the spolls corner, “If you're not, the President’s |of war, It was President McKinley wasting a lot of good breakfast |who, more than 30 years ago, first an- " nounced that hereafter the United Has Few Intimates. s;m wu{d not. plrfilkv’ e of mm: Senaf tima - |of conquest or war victory. en! ";\r,?nl‘é"s,h;:'g'“‘.n-. .: ‘,:-l. Wilson made a similar pronouncement ,of:f friends, They are much alike and | When he entered the World War. There respect each other for the sincerity of |Blso is 'M:’l:flnl:lmu ::'-‘g:l:‘f our . | Governmen rning our mdrmecuvemv::undrarmnhn of the Mad n the the bly | And, as n'gunnhln“'.lhe w:r):‘v:;r the most intimate friends he m ever | we refused acce] y e had in his life. One is & Jewish clothing | spolls of war, whether called repara- manufacturer of New York, who raises | tions, damages or annexations, although | blooded Jerseys—a pastime which con- |our a&ssociate nations dipped their | stitutes the one Glass dissipation. The |nands deep in ell these traditional per- jother friend is an old farmer neighbor, | Quisites of successful warfare. We have also a Jersey fancier. not based our action in these war sit- | Senator G lives quietly in a suite |uations on technical or legal grounds |in a modest Washington hotel, where | and it would be in keeping with our | be and Mrs. Glass have resided for 20 great record of restraint and unselfish- years and from which he could not be |ness to promote and help carry out a wrenched away. Benator Glass reads— (general settlement and rel and the classics— of ultimately getting more out of this remnant of our war investment? protnmvrwm.lng mhmml e A n:mu-'mxymum i of world envisioned by,\ and by the can statesman, so 1 fervently hoj that the ‘“better e els” of both our peoples will join in leading the world out of the morass of international fll- will, injustice and oppression, into the fertile fields of “equality and frater- nity” where God reigns and the bless- ings of peace may triumph. RESORTS. OCEAN CITY, N, J. JOCEAN cITY] ATLANTIC CITY HORSE SHOW April 13 - 14 -15-16 afternoon and E: Wetnortey o Satoriy ocines ’ HE “Olympia of America” staged in the World's Largest Auditorium . . . the outstanding Boardwalk attraction of Atlantic City's famous Spring season . . . Spectacular! Thrilling ! OVER 800 ENTRIES 87 CLASSES Daily Exhibitions by the famous Battery “C" 16th Field Artillery, U. S. Army Jumpers, Hunters . . . Other features POPULAR PRICES MODERATE HOTEL RATES Fad rious days 65‘ gllN ou (O Canadian Rockies 6 SEE Banff, and the Bow Valleys visit Johaston Casyon, Valley of the Tea Peaks; Horse Pass and the famous Grest Divide. The chance of a lifetime to explore the Canadian Rockies this Summer, at prices lower than ever for this all-ex- pense motor tour, stopping at Canadian Pacific’s finest Mountain Resort Hotels and Chalet-Bungalow Camps! And the Special Low Round Trip Rail Fare—Washing- ton, D. C,, to Banff—is $95.00 (30-day return limit) Round Trip, Season—$108.70 (good May 15—Oct. 31). Canadian Pacific Hotels and Brewster Transport Co. (Gray Line) r mearest tous lormation 3R Canadian Facile ¥ Terk”a " Wew Vord e Wl b b sk for. Tours—GOING Grend m Balnter—also Louiss and 3 Chatesu Lake Loaise for 3 days: AT