Evening Star Newspaper, November 22, 1931, Page 31

'ACTION AT LE AGUE PARLEY ., ASSURED BY HENDERSON British Laborite Not of Presidency in Ge to Be Jockeyed Out at “Big Show” neva. ; — BY ALBIN E. JOHNSON. ENEVA —Prospects for the In- ternational Limitation and Reduction of Armaments Con- ference, scheduled to start in Geneva in about eight weeks, becoming the biggest “show™ since the Versailles treaty negotiations have brightened perceptibly in the past few weeks, despite the fact a Sino-Japancse war cloud loomed on the horizon. Almost simultaneously with the news that the “armaments truce” may be- come a reality for the next 12 months, through the more or less conditional acceptances of about 50 of the 63 coun- tries invited to the disarmament par- ley, word has reached Geneva that Ar- thur Henderson will refuse to be jock- eyed out of the presidency. Defeated in the recent British elections, although still retaining the nominal leadership of the Labor party, Henderson, it a) pears, is turning fo his second lov ‘Two things are written on the British Labor leader's heart—the Socialist party and disarmament. In passing, it might be added that neither he nor Mrs. Henderson has gotten over the | 1“0,55 of a favorite son in th> World | ar. Has Time for His Task. | With the Labor party in eclipse for | the next few years, at least, Mr. Hen- | derson can well afford to turn his energies toward \bringing some measure of success to the world’s initial effort to “hammer swords into plowshares.” He was chosen president of the con- ference by the League Council when it became apparent that Washington would not approve an American, and when Charles Evans Hughes made it clear that his duties as Chief Justice ‘would not permit his leaving Washing- ton for an extended period. ‘The European states could not_agree upon a continental; there was no Latin- American or Spaniard of sufficiently large caliber to fill the chair. Hen- derson became the compromise choice —and perhaps the best possible choice | available in Europe upon whom most countries could agree. Furthermore, the ex-Laborite foreign minister carries the reputation of having salvaged the London Naval Conference when things | were going badly and of having brought together the French and Italian govern- ments by the Rome accord last Spring, Whereunder it was made possible for | Washington, London and Japan to ratify the pact without availing them- selves of the “safeguarding clause.” | That something will be done under | Henderson's leadership goes without | question. The disarmament policy of | the late Labor gérernment was not the policy of the Labor party alone, but the reasoned-out program of all British parties. At Geneva Mr. Henderson, therefore, will represent Great Britain as well as the League, while at the same time being completely free of re- sponsibility to any government, delega- tion or group. His views consequently are both interesting and important. - Called Most Vital Issue. “Disarmament <y collective agree- ment,” says Mr. Henderson, “is the most important question in present- day international politics and the acid | test of a natlon's loyaity to the ideals, aims and purposes of the League of Nations. If the members of the League believe in the *peaceful undertakings they have assumed, the optional clause for compulsory arbitration, the gen- eral act, for all-in conciliation, arbi- tration and judicial settlements and the y of financial assistance to an aggrieved state, then they ought to make their acceptance of these instru. ments a living reality. “Having accepted the machinery of pacific and universal arbitration, hav- ing testified to their faith in the reign of law and justice in the international sphere, they should demonstrate to the world that their renunciation of ‘war is real by collectively limiting and reducing the military means at their disposal. In the face of such & mani- | festation armaments would soon lose | their significance, disarmament would definitely and permanently enter the | realm of practical politics, armaments | competition would end and the prob- | lem of armaments would at once as- sume a different complexion.” | Threats of war and rumors evidently | do not impress the British Socialist | leader very deeply. If there is any | real danger in the present situation, | Mr. Henderson believes, it is not the risk of war in the immediate future, but rather the risk that through failure | to carry out a policy of disarmament | nations may drift into the situation which existed before the war in 1914. ! | Mr. Henderson. | work is not on paper only, that we have “There are some people who say the drift has already begun,” continued “They say that na- tions are falling into the system of old alliances for warlike ends and that these alliances are undermining the authority and the covenant of the League of Nations. This is dangerous talk. No alliance cay legally be made which is not subject to the covenant of the League, the authority of which is supreme. No government, however powerful, will desire or dare to flout the League or violate the covenant if the nations put up a united front against it. “Members of the League, especially, are bound to the policy of interna- tional disarmament by the most ob- vious considerations of material self- interest. When looking at the condi- tion of the world today we see un- employment, poverty, distress and po- litical unrest on every hand. Every government is in difficulties and suf- ferings are in some measure part of | the aftermath the ‘last war left be- | hind. The history of the last two decades has made it abundantly clear that for every nation, whether they be members of the League or not, preven- tion of war must be secured.” Pointing out that the United States, Turkey, Soviet Russia and other non- members of the League have co-oper- ated in the preliminary work toward disarmament, Mr. Henderson declared “We are happy to know that this col- laboration will continue to the end,” since an effective scheme for armament limitation and reduction “is essential for the future welfare of all peoples. Analyzes Era of Unrest. “Doubtless we will be told continu- ally that the present is not a good time for armament reduction,” Mr. Hender- son confesses. “There obviously is anx- iety, unrest, fear,and there is even talk of war. But in how great a measure is this unrest simply the result of the armaments that now exist and of the fear of whether or not war can actually be prevented when it threatens?” he as “We must show the world that our renounced war, that we have renounced as well the spirit by which war is caused end that we are prepared to progres- sively renounce the armaments by which war is carried on. Only in this way can we fulfil the responsibilities which des- tiny has laid upon us. Statesmen are answerable to mankind, and if they fail in this enterprise they will be be- traying the confidence of the peoples they represent. “Everywhere the common men and women of the world want to see this great achievement. They detest and abominate war. When we speak for peace and disarmament, when we speak against the anarchic militarism of the past, we speak not for ourselves only, not for governments, but for those voiceless millions who have fixed their hopes on this work which we have begun and for which we should be de- termined to do everything that lies in our power to insure full and complete success.” Huge Gathering Expected. At Geneva preparaticns are going rapidly forward for welcoming the con- | ference delegates. Advance estimates indicate around 3,000 military, naval, aerial, political and economic experts, to say nothing of statesmen and diplo- mats, will compose the 63 delegations. In addition to these will be about 500 newspaper men, professional lobbyists, peace advocates, observers and others. A new conference hall has been buflt by the Canton of Geneva and three new hotels will open their doors on Febru- ary 1. The city is converting the Kur- saal into a “Conference Club” and Ellnnln( elaborate entertainment of all inds for the visttors so that their ex- tended deliberations will net become too acrimionious. Forty sound-proof telephone booths which will give immediate connections | with most European capitals and North and South Ameriea will be installed, | while two American radio broadcasting systems will have their announcers on the scene for nightly reviews of the situation. Where only a few dozen of the League's interpreters, translators and secretariat were needed for the Coolidge Naval Conference in 1927, practicaliy the entire force, of more than 400 persons, will be available for the coming parley. The League, in effect, will stand by for a year, devoting all its energies to the problem which will prove its vindication—or failure, Shanghai’s Synthetic Montmartre Savors of Variety of Nationalities SHANGHAI, China.— Color, music, life and romance—also poverty and its obtrusive sister, tinsel—on Shanghai’s | synthetic Montmartre. | This flamboyant section of Asia used | to lie in a modest sort of way along | Range road, between the isolation hos- | pital, the fire station and the depot, but | the drains got bad, for the plumbing | was Victorian, so Montmartre moved out | and blossomed on_Avenue Joffre, the mainspring of the French town With its by-street cafes, beauty par- | lors and wine shops, it extends almost a mile, its crude, poorly lighted signs and its neon lights in Russian, French Chinese and English, It is redolent of | that many of the | waiters at Tchakenka's garden cafe are former officers of the imperial Russian | armies, but you will hear the same thing at the Madrid, at Kavlaz and at a host of Caucasian cafes. Repetition does not | augur truth. | Tchakenka has a good Russian or- chestra and a penchant for lively gypsy songs and hot-tempered melodies. The garden stage comes in for the Winter | and looks more gaudy at closer range, but the food there is good. A dinner for two, including huge mugs of beer, roast pheasant, thick soup and a des- sert, comes to a little more than a dol- lar, and there is nothing tinsel either about the meal or the dollar. Wine in- stead of beer would bring it up a little more. Every other door flaunts a “stolovya” sign — hand-made — which_in+ English means restaurant or cafe. Some change names overnight. The idea seems to be a sort of healthy family tradition, if you will open a restaurant and feed me and my family for a time, when you go| broke we'll open one on our premises and feed you and yours. The chance | patron may be able to balance the budget between red and black. i Rapid Changes Take Place. ‘Teke the Aquarium. That’s the new- est—or it was recently. The Aquarium is a cafe. 1t used to be a priest’s house —possibly he still rents a room in the back. The orchestra is Russian and the ballet learned its tricks in North Manchuria. It used to be the Tiny Hotel, but_progress is inevitable, Stenka Razin, named after a notori- ous Cossack hijacker, has color and de- sign in the futuristic sense. It used to be Uncle Tom’s Cabin—until a young Russian getting drunk there one night decided to open up a music shop of the same name. Though the s has changed, the memory lingers, bat- tered, aged Russian who used to tap the drums fell asleep one night and, com- ing to, punched the cymbal during & violin wfi) ‘Today he’s frequenting the pawn shops, for there are many in neighborhood. One of them has been to sell, plece by e, the imperial on the shelves ter an inspiration for any Maine com- poser. Tall, deep, mounted in silver and with porcelain Heidelberg hochs, they cost apiece more than a month's rent. If you want the kind of fish ' that made & Marseille restaurant fa- mous, there is the Pavilion Bleu—and to make no mistake about it, the pro- prietor daubed brilliant blue paint all over his three-story house, You eat in the front rooms facing a blank wall— also blue, Garden Is Now Coal Yard, They are friendly at the Ver: Cafe and the Stolovya Amour. ax\l’g: close your eyes and eat at the family | table. One cafe serves you in the front yard adjutting the street during Sum- | mer, regaling your ears with a phono- graph, but in Winter you move into a | back room, for the garden becomes a coal yard. At theCafe du Merle Blanc the danc- ing girls went on a strike not long ago. A Chinese dozes on a futuristic chair in the bar. Despite the fact he gets only a few brief patrons each night, he declares success is assured. He asks you to listen. He has a cricket chirp- ing behind a brandy bottle on the bar. Patrons come early and late, accord- ing to their national habits of dining. Programs begin at 10 o'clock, sometimes not until midnight. It doesn't matter. The casualness of the Russian nature is stamped on this synthetic Montmartre. Started on slender capital, many of the blossoms are blighted before the first patrons can give them a reputa- tion. That's a mixed metaphor—but so is this fatic playground s mixed (Copyright, 1931.) tors to Russia Doubled in Two Years v MOSCOW, U. 8. S. R—There was in pre-war Russia no organization ex- tending services to foreign tourists. About two years ago the first organiza- tion of this kind, the Intourist, Ltd., was established. Since then the flow of tourists to Soviet Union increases with every year, and the number of persons who visited this country duri the present year is double that of 1920. In 1930 tourists from America stood quantitatively in the first place (60 per cent), then came German (20 per cent), then the other countries. In 1931 the number of American tourists somewhat reased (amounting to 50 per cent). Instead, the number of Eu- tourists increased substantially, ropean this | especially tourists from England (30 per cent.) Intourist takes full charge of all tour- looking-after railroad tickets, hotel crown | ists, Jewels. smong the imperial beer mugs, the lat- odations, " aute- Toovies and such, T, TP e THF, 'SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON s, . e, ‘The Mother of Than. sgiving - Honor Belonges %o Sarah Josepha -n-le; eviea’s Pirst Woman Filor, - BY RUTH E. FINLEY. HANKSGIVING—despite the fact that from the beginning of his- tory various days and feasts of gratitude have been recorded— is America’s very own. In this ccuntry, and in no other, a day of national thanksgiving is yearly proclaimed by the Chief Executive. His proclamation is confirmed by each of the Governors of the 48 States, Alaska, the Canal Zone and our island de- pendencies. On the last Thursday of November in every home, in public restaurants, boarding houses and hotels, in prisons, hospitals, infirmaries, asylums and on board every ship flying the Stars and Stripes feasts are spread in observance of this very special day. No political, religious or race loyalty mars the unity of this occasion. North and South, East and West, old and young, rich and poor, black, yellow, white, Jew and gentile, native born and naturalized citizen—collectively and in- dividually, 122,000,000 souls remember to be glad they are a part of “the great U. 8.,” an abbreviation which Sarah Josepha Hale saw as a word—us—a word, she said, that “not only stands for, but is, our United States.” And who was Sarah Josepha Hale? Why shculd her name be_connected with Thanksgiving day? Because it was she, and she alone, who for many years in behalf of a national- ized iving. Because it was this little hoop-skirted womae, dead now a long half century;, who first conceived that patriotic idea; she who in the end brought it to pass; she to whom the country owes the addition of the holi- day to the national calendar. Name Lost to Honor Roil. One wonders how Sareh Hale and her indefatigable work for Thanksgiv- ing have ccme to be so generally for- gotten. We are not an urgrateful peo- ple. America—even our speeded-up, present-day America—has ever been quick to give honor where honor is due. But for some untoward reason—per- haps because Thanksgiving, as we know it, was established amid the confusion cf the War Between the States, and the woman who sponsored it died in the “tragic era” of reconstruction and up- heaval that followed—her name in this connection has been dropped from the national roll of honor. UPPER: “HOME TO system—among _them her _successful | advocacy of women as teachers—have fafled to keep her memory bright, It | | may be precisely because her accom- | | plishments have been so thoroughly | | accepted that she has been forgotten. | | For it is human nature to pass by the | | details of that which becomes common- | place. Still, hers was the most in- | —From & painting by W. B. Ohambers. THANKSGIVING.” LOWER: SARAH JOSEPHA HALE. own times followed her leadership and hailed her as truly great. And even yet there is no American woman, living or_dead, more worthy of remembrance. While Thanksgiving is the first and oldest of all American festivals, it would be erroneous to suppose thet it as always been celebrated in the pres- ent national accord. Thanksgiving as Even this woman's great contributions | fluential woman's name in this country |a national annual institution is only to the founding of our public school ! throughout the nineteenth century. Her | 68 years old. The proclamation that ~—TFrom & Currier and Ives Print. established this yearly custom was is- sued by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 at the instigation of Sarah Hale. How it all came about, and the part Mrs. Hale played in this bit of domestic history, makes & story every American should know. Sarah Hale was born in New Hamp- shire in 1788. There, as in all New England States, Thanksgiving was ob- served—not every year, but generally; not by every community or household, though by most; but never in State- | bope wide unison and never as a set, recur- ring date. First Thanksgiving in 1621 Search of old records has revealed that the first Thanksgiving was kept in Plymouth in 1621. This story is well known, told and retold. It is one of the best loved of our historical tradi- tions—how the pitifully few Pilgrims who survived the pestilence and famine of that first terrible Winter in the wilderness of ihe New World bravely went to work, once Spring had opened, and planted their meager crops—and when the harvest had come, prepared a feast of thankfulness. It is further re- corded that the Indian Chief ,Massa- soit and 90 of his husky braves also partook of this first feast. Some histo- rians find in this fact the origin of the custom that at every Thanksgivin table there be invited guests. Bul Sarah Hale, the paramount authority on_Thanksgiving, doubted this. The lesson she drew from that sitting down of white and red men together was that Thanksgiving should be a holiday of peace, when neighbors re- united, laying aside their differences, forgetting their bickering id writing off, as it were, all the year's unkindness of word or ceed. But, above all, she saw In Thanksgiving the great Home Festival. In New England. it had been so kept in her childhood—the day on which to go home. For years it out- rivaled Christmas in this respect, and “home for Thanksgiving” was a phrase on every tongue and In every heart. ‘When Mrs. Hale began her campaign for a unified national holiday she was editor of “Godey's Lady's Book,” now re-leafed by modern dectorators for the sake of its charming old-fashioned But what the admirers of Godey il to take into account " (Continued on Fourth Page) ohn Bull’s New Team Political Forces Are Balanced to Knife’s Edge in N BY T. PORTER WOOD. AMSAY MacDONALD found win- ning an election for the Nation- alistic forces that were rallied around him an easier job than forming a cabinet in which po- litical chemicals accustomed to éxplode on contact would effectively neutralize one another, ‘The present team represents a quali- fled success in the solution of this intri- cate problem, which is unique in British political annals. No single great con- structive move, however, can be made by this cabinet without compromises in principle and often in conscience, too, | and a reconciliation of those vital inter- ests which split a people and give po litical parties their raison d’ etre. is easy to see, therefore, that while in an ordinary cabinet only three or four | dominant personalities count, in _this exceptional cabinet every man counts, and none can be left out of account | without the whole structure being ab- | ruptly imperiled, An ambitious man who desires to play a great role cannot remain with & minority forever. There comes a time when he must go over to the majority. Remsay MacDonald, the Scots peasant hoy who built a Parhamentary Labor party and became the first Labor pre- mier and is now the premier of Eng- land's first National government, has made that crossing. As a result he who was the shunned, hated, pacifist-defeat- ist of war time—the reviled politician of the Zinoviev letter episode—has had the experience of being hailed as the savior-of his country and of tasting the delights of limitless admiration and praise. Although he well knows the transitory nature of public favor, he has enjoyed. this .experience, notably ex- panding under its benjgn influence, and taking in all his post-election utterances the country’s mandate as a peculiarly personal tribute. MacDonald Dramatizes Events. ‘The Labor party has expelled Mac- Donald, and he seems to have expelled himself so completely from the social- istic creed which was his lifelong political basis that he can now turn without pain to the task of saving England for capital- ism. He bas defects in his qualities. He is vain, and his vanity tends to make him suspicious and aloof. He also has caught the Lloyd Geor- gian habit of dramatizing everything and then posing himself against the background of this drama. hal will doubtless lead him to reserve for bimself any large opportunities on stage, which is his forte. the cluster It | restore & the | will be a his way in the international sphere so) long as they have theirs in the things | |that really matter in the economic realm. Socialists Dislike Snowden. Philip Snowden, the north country tax official who turned Socialist politi- clan after an accident that crippled him | for life, and who will soon be entitled to wear a coronet and sit in the House | | of Lords while his wife gets measured | for her peeress’ robes, is the villain in | the plece to his old Socialist crowd. But he does not mind, because, anyway, he has been evoliing away from them and their ideas for years. He is the | accountant incarnate.” All the wild and wooly ideas of men who want to put | banks and industry under the control | of cliques among the trade union offi- | clals or nominees have made him more | and more tired. Snowden is not & manual worker or trade unionist, and has always resented the comination of the Labor movement by the industrial side and the trade union eflorts to_dictate the policy of | parliamentary labor. His granite visage can relax in private life. He has a very sweet smile when he finds any- | thing to smile about—which s not | often. He is a bit of a property owner now, with a nice country place near Lloyd George's more pretentious estate at Churt. He lives simply with his | work books and dog and a wife of strong character, who has helped him considerably in his career. ‘Wife Is Radio Director. Bhe is a director of the British Broadcasting Corporation, and lately has found a means of entrance into high society by way of strenuous at- tendance at concerts and the grand opera. She gives receptions at her hus- band's official residence to famous musicians and opera companies on the eve of their premieres, and got Philip to fight for and get a considerable exchequer grant to subsidize grand | opera in Englandi—a move which | evoked howls of protest, since the chief | beneficiaries are foreign singers, for | England is not a musical nation. After the August crisis Snowden said | he was through with politics, but the | plight of poor Ramsay in the protec- tionist lions' den induced him to re- main as lord privy seal, a post that carries a roving commission. He has been an inflexible, obstinate free trader all his life, and although now con- verted to a moderate tariff system de- vised as a temporary expedient to help. avorable trade balance, he powerful check against Tory attempts to build a permanent, sky- tariff wall. im Thomas, “Aitchless,” min- ister of the dominions, happier among. the Tories' than he ever was among his fellow Socialists. A Welsh- man and former engine drive he it was who built the great Railway Men's Union. But in the process he found congenial companions in the big busi- ness world, and gradually evolved into Tory. 1 Poli{xcal Labor is through with him. An executive of his union even refused him his pension. But big business is likely to look after him when he is through with politics, and he has not done so badly for himself. Quick- witted, shrewd, a very able negotiator, astute, too, in his judgment of men and events, he plays the imperialist big drum and the patriotic side drum loudly now. _ He is strongly in favor of imperial economic development. The Colonials like him and his endless anecdotes. He knows more Rabelaisian stories than any man in politics, and prefers stag to cat-and-dog parties. Baldwin in Strategic Post. Ramsay MacDonald wanted Baldwin to be chancellor of the exchequer, but that astute Tory leader preferred the strategic post of lord president of the council. This minister presides over the business of the privy council, the King's advisory council, Thus he has a_free lead in the House of Commons when the premier is absent. He likes the easy life. He has put on some weight since the last time he was premier, but may drop some in the process of trying to keep the unruly Tory team in line. Baldwin has over 200 enthusiastic Tories in the present pack who never have been in Parlia- ment or politics before. A number got in like the admiral who beat Arthur Henderson simply by shouting: “I stand for the Union Jack, and the only reason I am here is to give politics a kick in the pants.” Baldwin is a quiet, upper middle-class man who finds it difficult to be a politi- cian, and occasionally is more sympa- | thetic to the Socialists than to his own party, His family has been 130 years in industry. He succeeded his father in Parliament in 1908, but remained ob- scure until the Carlton Club speech, de- nouncing Lloyd George as a destroyer of politial parties, smashed the coalition and broke the Welsh wizard's spell. He invited the sympathy of his audi- ence once by telling them that he had hung on to his family shares all the way from three pounds down to three pence, and during the war he gave a fifth of his fortune to the state—but he orceste | His and_ beloved books, and to | fun has enough left to live very comfortably on his Wi rshire estate with his Dl B abciatist son, Oliver, $2.000 & yoar the revolution which said Soc! son. desires.- . On the news that Neville P Rer | | | | | | Cabinet of Ramsay MacDonald lain was to be chancellor of the ex- chequer the Torles raised a loud cheer. He is a cold, dour personage Wwho specializes in economics, finance and municipal affairs, while his more spec- tacular half-brother, Austen, who made the magnificent gesture of yielding his claim to a place in the Cabinet to give MacDonald more elbow room, devotes himself to foreign affairs. They are the sons of Jo Chamberlain, the industrial magnate, who began by nearly fright- ening Queen Victoria out of her wits by republicanism and ended as a diehard imperialist and advocate of protection. Jo Chamberlain was before his time. In the historic election of 1906. in fear of dear food, the British Electorate wiped out Chamberlain and his Tories as completely as RacDonald and his mixed army have wiped out the Social- ists or their protection slogan, which promises dear food or the British farmer will know tre reason why. Austen is more at home with proto- cols than proteins, but Neville assumed his father’s cloak. He is the hope of high protectionists, and is regarded as the successor of Baldwin. He did not enter Parliament until 1918, when he was 53, or he might be in Baldwin's place now. 4 Hogre Went to India. Sir Samuel Hoare was air minister in Baldwin's two previous administra- tions and later made an airplane flight to Indla. This trip suggested him as the Tory representative at the subse- quent round-table conference. These two experiences combined now appear to have determined his role as secretary for India. He is a slim, compact. im- perturbable, debonaire, clear-headed, cool, well preserved gentleman of 51, and the best dressed man in Parlia- ment. It is a delight to hear him talk. His words emerge from his whole and complete, each isolated from its fellows blv,. slight, deliberate pause. He makes his appeal to reasonable-and intelligent persons. The middle classes, and especially the upper-middle classes, appreciate. a | man of that sort. He went to Harrow, which, with Eton, is the great school for gentlemen's sons, and played cricket | for his school; then at Oxford he rep- resented the university in racquets and tennis. When he was graduated he be- gan public life with the London County Cofl\l{nsctlll.‘:nd 50 on to Parliament. on the assum 1ips | head is slightly week. of ‘Clipper’ Over Miami-to-Panaisa Reute Promotes Inter- % America Flying. BY GASTON NERVAL, HEN Ool. Charles A. Lind- bergh lands the American Clipper on Panama soil an- other chapter in the history of interamerican aviation will have been opened. ‘The foremost air pilot of the United transport Grandl, to the National ‘The route to be followed by the Amer- ican Clipper, recently christened amidst zmoeohr ceremonies by Mrs. Hoover, the regular transcaribbean route of the Pan-American Airways from North to South America. It includes 1,700 miles from Miami, Fla., with stops in Clenfuegos (Cuba), Kingston (Jamaica) and Barranquilla (Colombia), to the Canal Zone, in Panama. Shows Air Progress. But the main significance of this flight depends not on the personality of its famous protagonist nor on the mate- rial eapacity of the 50-passenger ma- chine to be employed. The real impor- tance of this maiden trip of the Ameri- can Clipper lies in that it will serve to emphasize the progress in aerial com- munication between North and South | America since February 9, 1929, whe: bergh made. his ploneoring Mght Trom eel rom Miami to the Canal Zone. Such in the short period of less than three years, has been almost years | Herbert Hoover declared, during his will tour of the South Ame good of republics, that aviation was to play a paramount role in the relations of the les inhal great measure toward the efficient de- velopment of aerial communication across the Equator. He forecast this and was the first one to fluence that it would have in the ful- fillment of Pan-American ideals, President’s View Cited. The President-elect’s statements were then considered an optimistic glance into the future, a premature prediction with a Jules Verne touch, which news- TS and abroad commented upon with high praise, but did not con- erican Airways Co., operating an air line to Cuba, was just beginning to extend its services from Miami to ‘West Indies. In February of that year Col. Lind- bergh flew the first Joad of mail to the northern part of South America from the Florida base. In August, 1929, the Nyrba Line was carrying only passen. gers on & West Indian hop of 125 miles. Less than three years have elapsed since these. ploneering attempts were being carried out in an atmosphere of doubt- and unbelief. Today nearly 200 northern southernmost Latin capitals, Mail Quickly Delivered. Air mail can now be dropped into any post box in this country for deliv- e'ryh nln an{z of the Latin-American re- Eu ics. uge South seven days. the Valley, where incalculable treasures have been hidden by nature, in five days. This valley is 30 days from New York by steamer. Until aviation came along, Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Lima, ota, La Paz, Montevideo and all the principal cities in South America were between two and three weeks from New York by boat. They are now only a few days by air. Buenos Aires is within three days by air of every capital in the Southern Continent. And so is Rio, the Brazilian metropolis, which here- tofore separated by weeks of travel from many of the other eco- nomic centers of the Western Hemi- sphere.” The greatest organization in the his- tory of commercial aviation is now op- erating in the New World. The Pan- American Alrways—with a continuous, unbroken network around the conti- nent, including both coasts of South America and all the Central American nations, of over 19,000 miles long, and fiving schedules of more than 100,000 miles weekly—operates the longest aerial mileage in the world with its fleet of 102 aircraft of all types. Complete Route. Only a few days ago the goal toward which the international air mail serv- ice had been striving was reached, when the last gap in the circle of American airlines around the vast South Ameri- can Continent was closed. The Pan- American Airways, Inc., announced the inauguration of passenger, mail and ex- press service from Rio de Janeiro, Bra- Buenos tween the United s:m and Airways & speed; air service around the entire South Amcrican Continent. ‘This new advance of American avia- tion into the foreign field is of particu- lar interest and importance to the com- mercial world, according to a release ago President-elect | Aoror from the Washington office of the American Airways, for it invades for | the first time South America’s key trade route through Southern Brazil to Buenos Aires. In this South Atlantic area, some two-thirds of all South America’s $8,000,000,000 world trade is concentrated, and European air lines have been deeply entrenched here for nearly four years, providing business men with a faster service to than they had to the United States. Monopolies Upset. Heretofore the subsidized Condor Syndicate, an affiliate of the Deutsche Luft Hansa of Germany, held sway in the coffee-producing area of the South, and the powerful ch Aeropostale lines monopolized the air service be- tween Rio de Janeiro and the Argen- 1 extension of this highly competitive territory upsets that balance and promises to swing the advantage to the American side. The influence of aerial communication between the Americans is two-fold— moral and material. The first to derive benefits 1is, of course, international commerce. With the aid of aerial transportation, commercial interchange is greatly encouraged. Not only be- cause innumerable commodif of small volume can be directly conveyed by airplane, but principally because the air mall service, rapid, immediate in itself, may greatly facilitate commercial rations, financial arrangements, and business transactions in general. te and close deals in a few t commercial centers U. 8. Was Handicapped. United States ex,)orwrl. previous to the in: tion of air mail to Latin America, had a terrible handicap in the lack of facilities for the rapid convey~ ing to South America markets of sam- ples, parts and other articles which were urgently needed to overcome European ‘The ition of a competition. transporta package containing samples which must be submitted immediately required the same length of time as that of & locomotive of 50 tons, the delivery of which, whether in two weeks or in two months, was i terial. The quickest steamship service tc Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, for in- stance, took from 12 to 17 days, and those to other important Southern cen- ters from 25 to 30 days. To this must be added the time employed in, and the cost of, the identification of cus- toms documents, port formalities and the usual delays caused by unfavorable sailing wn:?:r conditions. But the #ippression of all these bar- riers and the great saving of time which 1t represents is not the only benefit de- rived from international aerial com- munication. Even more important, and re the in the way of closer contacts and personal acquaintances. Understanding Develops. Understanding among_nations grows out of the know! ‘hich they have of one another. And no .nore -expe: ditious or more certain way has yet been found to develop that knowledge than quicker means of commumication. Mutual knowledge origin certainly more far- than these - | immediate economic advanf political benefits which it bring means of comm tion. American republics are too distant from the United States to make e & true understanding of political aims and | interests without the aid of personal contacts and personal observation. The two largest and most imj it South American countries, Brazil and o a, are, in fact, very much farther from the United States than Europe, for only four or five days separate New York from the Old World, while to reach by boat the most important South American capitals 15 or 20 days are required. To this lack of faster means of com- munication, and to these long and tire- some voyages is probably due the little interest and enthusiasm until now dis- played by the p«:gl: of the United States in tours of Latin American countries. And this must be, likewise, the underlying reason why a far greater number of South Americans have not visited the domains of Uncle Sam. Relations Hampered. The result is that today a true cur- rent of intellectual interchange does not %m x‘f Sl mg t of inter at is, any permanent curren change sufficient to bear to those of one race a knowledge of the conditions of life and modes of thought of the other. There are, of course, scattering travelers, tourists, adventurers, traders, business men and even & few scholars, goiug back and forth, but these form such a small group, that they are more the exception than the rule. And until they become the rule, until mutual knowledge has been established through them, political understanding between the Americas will remain a myth. 2 Aerial communication is gradually working toward that end, and may eventually succeed in creating that per- manent current of interchange. Hence its great moral value, more important even than its immediate economic utdlity. (Copyright, 1931.) Britain’s 3,500,000 Dogs Cost Nation $30,000,000 Yearly for Food Alone LONDON.—Although British people of every class are pinching and scrap- ing in the great national economy drive, there is one member of the English- man'’s household seemingly sacrosanct. ‘What amounts to worship is given by the average Englishman to his , who stands_supreme among all household pets. He occupies an honored place in the home and his standard of living—a royal standard—will hardly be touched until the last economic extremity. Recent figures show that license fees are paid annually in the British Isles for 3,500,000 dogs, representing a Tev- enue of about $6,600,000. There are also thousands of dog owners who evade taxation. At a conservative estimate the cost of keeping this mighty army of dogs reaches the colossal figure of $30,000,- 000 annually. These figures are reached that the upkeep per less than 75 cents a Aristocratic dogs, the property of ‘wealthier -people, life often in regal fashion at the rate of $6 or $7 a week. Even the miner's whippet enjoys in some localities a more luxurious diet than members of his own family. ‘These figures deal only with a dog's necessities of life. His amusements, medical treatment, training, and club expenses are all extra, and | (oo must add considerably to the annual dog budget. Half Million Dogs in Club. Capt. H. E. Hobbs, the founder and rganizer of the Tail Waggers' hand there were first class kennel: wvhhmlu"::flfl flrume\‘l around a week. y_veterinas s varied from 25 cents to 85ryll:grmm were hundreds of clinics and pitals throughout Great Britain which were kept busy attending to the sick and_debilitated. “The Tail Waggers’ Club,” said Capt. Hobbs, “aims at improving the - tions under which dogs are kept by edu- cating“dog owners in their responsibili- ties toward their charges; at giving financial assistance to deserving dog welfare institutions, and by g and in the welfare of dogs individually the mass. “Among the earliest members of the | club were the favorite dogs of the Prince |of Wales, Princess Mary and Queen Maud of Norway, and other members of the royal family have since joined up.” Although the Tail Waggers’ Club is the largest and best known in the coun- try, there are about 750 other sul owner, is admitted as a member. | .. As well as providing for the wan their “members,” Lhm;e clubs are ‘:on stantly assisting dog charities. The Tail Waggers' Club recently raised $100,- for the Royal Veterinary College.