Evening Star Newspaper, September 13, 1931, Page 29

DOAK HITS RACKETEERS WHO PREY Secretary of Labor, in Forum Talk, Advises Foreign Directly HE full text of Secretary Doak's address on clearing the country cf undesirable aliens delivered last night in the Naticnal Radio Forum, arranged by The Star and broadcast over a Nation-wide net- work of the Columbia Broadcasting Sys- tem. follow; There or should be. nothing so clese to the hearts of the American peo- | pl> as the desire that our institutions shall be kept free and untrammeled of | any sort or kind of unclean methods or practiccs. At the same time I believe that there is nothing that appeals so stronely to the American imagination as the preservation of the sanctity of the home and the frecdom of the indi- vidual. I desire to discuss briefly the subiect of keeping America cl-an, and | with it to discuss some of the problems confronting us at the present time. In the first place, I wish it distinctly | understond that in speaking of Ameri- | cans, T refer to those of foreign birth | pay the sum he did so report him. | extorted from aliens reported to be UPON ALIENS Born to Appeal to Him. cash. The emplove advised him that, he did not have the sum reguired, whereupon the man who was responsi- | ble for his jliegal entry said, “Unless you give me the sum required T will re- port you to the immigration authori- ties.” Upon the alien’s declination to W= have found in a number of cases similar to this one that large sums were illegally admit'ed. and that these racketeers have continued to extort from these same aliens large sums with the threat that if they did not pay they would expose them to the immigration authorities. The victims actually have paid large s from time to time, thercby contributing largely to these racketeers. Our investigators have dis- | closed in many instances where extor- | tion had been resorted to that the peo- | ple from whom the money had been taken were exceedingly poor. As the | price for these illegal aliens to remain who have come to the United States to | here, these racketeers have taken from make it their home, as directly as to | them everything they have made since Zative-born Americans. Shortly after I became Secretary of Tabor nine m-nths ago. I discovered there were sch>mes being practiced whereby poor people were being sub- | Jected to all forms of graft and what I may call rank racketecring. by the use to a large extent of our immigra- tion laws for furtherance of these damnable practic’s. A aquiet investiga- n disclosed that vari~us devices wer> by which to bring aliens from other countries into the United States illegally and in direct violation of our immigration laws. The price extorted for this service has been limited only by the ability cf the immigrants and their families to p: It was hard to convince our immigration officers that such despicable practices had besn re- sorted to, because the system was so carefully covered and guarded that it was hard to get at the facts. Cases of Alien Smuggling. We dotached a few of our Immigra- tion men to find those responsible for these illegal entries Threads were picked up here and there which indi- cated that some of our minor officials were permitting the use of re-entry permits to bring in aliens illegally f-om the various countries. I appointed as a special Assistant Secretary of Labor Hon. Murray W. Garss™n of New York to supervise and assist the agents we had investigating this racketeering. Finally evidence was secured whereby we were able to make certain arrests. and this led to a disclosure of a wider range of fraudulent activities, result- ing in the arrest of others. I then pre- sented to the various interested depart- ments of the Government tH» facts in hand and have had the active support of all of them in the investigations. I then detached the assistant commis- sioner general of immigration. Mr. George J. Harris, to essi®t Mr. Garsson in the preparation of these caces for presentation to the courts. He, with Mr. Garsson, aszsted by the United States attorney. George Z. Medalie. and his istant, Mr. William B. Herlands. are carrying forward this work. Up to the present time there have been un- earthed several gigantic systems of alien smuggling and methods of extortion of from aliens who have been il- admitted t the United States. In order properly to get this picture before the public, I think it is advis- able that we should cite some concrete cases Under the basic law creating the De- pariment of Labor it is provided that only the Secretary can issue warrants of deportation. Later, from time to time. the positions of the Assistant Secretary of Labor, Second Assistant Secretary of Labor and the two assist- ants to the Secretary were created. The law provided that the Secretary of Labor could delegate any authority he held under the law to either of these four officrs. Consequently, administra- tive ruling was made authorizing each of these four officers to issue such war- rants. thereby confining to five officcrs in the Department of Labor this au- thority. Despite these limited safe- guards, we found that bogus or coun- terfeit warrants of deportation were being issued and exhibited to allens who are either legally or illegally within the United States, by certain persons who were demanding of such aliens that a sum of money ranging from $100 to $500 be immediately given to them, or they would be deported. Incidentally, when some of these cul- prits were arrested it was also found that they were engaged in certain counterfeit activities and issuing coun- terfeit money as well as bogus depor- tation warrants. Used Re-entry Permits. As to how much money has been ex- torted from those of foreign birth through these methods we are unable to say. but evidently it has reached considerable proportions Next it was found in many cases that when immigration inspectors ap- proached certain foreign-born people they immediately said thev were legally in the country because they had en- tered on re-entry permits. An investi- gation disclosed that a number of il- legal entries had been made through the use of re-entry permits. It was ascertained then that certain clerks or other employes in the department at New York and elsewhere were making this possible by means of information abstracted from Government records relating to other and entirely different and legally admitted aliens of similar names. For the service of these clerks the average price was about $175 per | permit, but the racketeers handling these re-entry permits were receiving from $1.000 to $5.000 upon delivery of an alien in the United States, Resort is had to another device— letter heads and advertising matter are employed by agencies pretending to be able to ald immigrants to enter the United States, which bear a close re- semblance to the stationery of real Government offices. This method of using the names of | foreign-born people priorly landed in | | they landed on our shores. Forgers Smuggled In, T had brought to my attention shortly after I had become Secretary | of Labor a case in which a family| | came to this country. abproxima‘ely 20 | vears ago, leaving in the homeland one member of the family. a son. At a later | time a sum of $3.000 was paid to a| certain attorney to get this son into | the United States. Instead of trying to bring him in here legally and prop- erly. the attorney endeavored to smug- | gle him through several ports and was caught in each instance. thereby for- | ever debarring the boy from entering | this country. In the meantime the | boy's mother waz dving. and a member of Congress came to me in this case, asking that the son be permiited to see his mother before she died. and | forthwith T admitted him under bond. In this case the savings of substan- tially two decades were extorted from this poor family of immigrants by an unscrupulous attorney. The American Express Co. recently issued a warning against, and offered | a reward for the apprehension of, 15 criminal aliens charged with being in- ternational forgers and specializing in manipulating le‘ters of credit. Our in- vestigation disclosed that 11 of these 15 criminal aliens were smuggled into the United States bv one of the agents now under arrest. Eight of those alien criminals are still at large and are be- ing sought by the Department of La- bor. Six of them have fled the coun- try. and the seventh is serving 10 years in prison and will be deported after serving his term. To show further th what extent some of these agencies will go. let me cite | the case of a female alien who was smuggled into the United States some six vears agn. She entered into a litt'e business which proved successful over a period of six vears. during which time she contributed regularly to the agent who brought her in. Finally, beccming | desperate over the continual blackmail- ing. and desiring to legalize her illcgal entry into the United States, she en- tered into a contract, on the advice of an attorney we now have under arrest and the smuggler who brought her into | the United States, to accomplish a legalization of her stay in the country | by marrying & man she had never scen until she met him at the marriage license bureau. With four letters of personal introduction from a prominent attorney in Washington, who specializes in fmmigration cases and who never had seen her or the man she was to marry, and a crisp new marriage cer- tificate in hand, this happy couple pro- ceeded to enter Canada, accompanied | on their bridal tour by the attorney and | the smuggler. No time was lost in re- pairing to the American consul, where | & perfectly good non-quota immigration visa was obtained for the bride by which she was able legally to return to the United States as the wife of an! American citizen. As a reward to the| bridegroom for his part in this beauti- | ful romance he received an_automobile | and the munificent sum of $45 in cash.| In passing may I say that our infor matfon is that instead of permitting the bridegroom to enjoy the automobile on his brideless honeymoon uninter- ruptedly, the racketeers forced him to use this same car to bring back to the United States two undesirable aliens. In the meantime, the disconsolate bride returned to the United States. where she likewise is enjoying her honey- moon alone. Continued Extortion. As a climax to this story, it may be' well to mention that it is the desire of | this young man to marry another girl, | and he has been promised by his friends. the attorney and the smuggler an annuiment of the marriage. In another case disclosed by our in- vestigators there was a man smuggled into the United States who went to| work at a small salary, while h's wife | and children lived in a hovel in Canada, | with walls unplastered and a dirt floor, in the hope that within a short time| they would be able to join the husband and father in the United States. In the meantime this family had con wibuted more than $600 to the alien smuggler, but as yet the wife and chil- dren have not been able to enter this country. In another case a girl who had been smuggled into the United States, for which act she had pald a_substantial sum. agreed to pay the additional sum of $2 a week for two years before she could be released from' further obliga- tion to the smugglers. One of the undesirable criminal aliens now under arrest claims that his ar- rangement with the racketeers who smuggled him into the country was that he was to divide with them 50-50 on all loot that he obtained after his en- try. He claims that he kept his part of the bargain with them, but that they have withheld $16.000 of his part of the nd have failed even to pa; visit since his arrest. e A few days ago in New York one of the alien smuggling racketeers, whom we had under investigatlon, was killed, this country has resulted. or is apt to Probably by some of his own kind who :-esun‘.r 'é‘ h;;\'h;z Ltht;lr rights seriously S::Gge :hnfinhet = about to make dis- mpaired. L | clos e elati- ot peraon had ibee L [ins sk eteeriias e e United States for a period of 18 years, | OUnd letters from prominent attorneys during which time he had not asked Indicating that they had & knowledys for a re-entry permit. When he finally | ;hut nfiesp people were engaged in alien gild apply tfnr » permit he was told by | muggling. e department that only recently a Teentry permit had been ixcued to him, | oo v::e":m’]‘;“: ;:wc:';":'he S When, as a matter of fact, his o had been vsed to obtaln a re-entry per. | lundreds of cases that we could cite to mit for the purpose of getting some Substantiate our belief that there are Alleneileaaily i ther ooty | individuals and gangs engaged in the i ¥ | Wholesale smuggling of aliens into this { country and the extortion of money A further investigation was then|from them after they have entered, I made by Inspectors Brown and Devio | therefore consider this kind of racket- and later by Mr. Harris, the assistant | eering, this preying upon the poor, as commissioner general of immigration, | among the worst kind of crime with with the assistance of some of the; which the country is afflicted. We be- other departments of the Government. | lieve we should have the united support This resulted in the apprehension of | of the people of this country in our several prominent persons allegedly en- | efforts to suppress this infamous prac- gaged u':‘hthu wovem;n, From time to | tice. time others have en apprehended | I wish to have it definitely and dis- and the investigation is being vigor-| tinctly understood that in all the op- ously prosecuted with the hopes of un- | erations of the Department of Labor covering another gang of racketeers. |in connection with the detection of An emplover of a large number of [ crime of the kind of which I have men recently approached me with a|spoken, we always are guided by a rule member of Congress to explain a case | which means that only the ends of of a foreign-born emvloye who came | justice shall be met. I have always en- into his service several years ago an b i Who proved o be an ideal worker, The | Lenvorsd 0 Prosecute the work even emplover did not know that this alien had fllegallv entered the United States | omeiats who b tovin cithii ot s 'ving to do their full until within the last few weeks, He|quey by the American people in cases approached his emplover and stated | ;¢ this kind that some individuals and handed. It is discouraging to the Government that he had paid a large sum of money to & certain person to be admitted to societies seemingly purposely mistake the meaning of the effort which is be- "UER 13! 1931—PART TWO. IBRAZIL IS BEST FRIEND U. S. HAS IN LATIN AMERICA Future of England’s Wizard Lloyd George Misses Place in New Government, But Conjecture on His Outlook Is Interesting. AT S| BY C. PATRICK THOMPSON. OR the first time in half a century of that multifarious and incredible activity which has brought him a world fame be- yond that enjoyed by any other statesman living. David Lloyd George is out of the arena in the midst of a first-class crisis in the island which he saw through its derkest hour—the is- And Doom of Man NEW YORK.—“Come with us to the | Arctic. Enjoy 10 days of ccol ccmfort on the palatial Graf Zeppelin as you cruise majestically northward over the | ice packs to escape the heat.” So reads a recent advertisement fof a way to cir- cumvent our Summer weather From the above it might seem pre- posterous that some day the earth will experience what has been called a “heat death”—when our globe will become, in some respects, like the moon at present, but, on the whole, far worse off. Certainly this sounds fictitious, yet science in the past. on the weight of very accurate experimental evidence. has predictsd such a disaster at a time when the stars—and with them our sun—will have radiated away ail their energy and the earth will slowly but surely become a silent, frozen and un- inhabitable planet. Man Would Live at Equator. As that time approached we would find mankind moving southward before another ice age to take abode near the Equator, where humanity would receive all the heat possible from the dying sun. ‘There the depths of the earth would be investigated in an attempt to find some of the heat that might still be present. Underground cities would be- | come necessary in the last resort. i Lakes and rivers would ceas> to flow, because little or no water would be evaporated when the heat of the sun’s radiation diminished. This emotionally depressing outlook | has led thinking men to review the theories on the end of the universe to find hope for a possible escape. One of the latest theories—and incidentally one | which has been reported to have| changed Prof. Einsteln's views on the | universe—is that of Dr. Richard Tol- | man of the California Institute of Tech- | nology. < This eminent American scientist ap- plies relativity considerations to the problem and thus arrives at a new and | much more hopeful and satis{ying con- clusion. At some far-removed time this theory may be one of the last straws to which civilization will cling to Tec- | oncile itself with fate. | Stripped of the scientific terminology, | Dr. Tolman's theory strives to explain | why the end of human life on earth| may not come through the supposcd | “heat death.” Perhaps there is some- :hlng wrong with our ideas of this prob- lem. l The New Theory. His conclusions tell us essentially that we hi had too small a viewpoint on the question. Instead of taking the predictions based on the comparatively small volume of our earth and apply- ing them to the much larger system of the unlverse as a whole we should rather develop a new relativistic science of thermodynamics which would include all space. Dr. Tolman has developed such a form of relativistic thermodynamics and finds | some unexpected and startling results. After attempting to solve the general case he applies the mathematical equa- tions to an idealistic universe in which | only radiation is present. This allows him to simplify the mathematics by neglecting the presence of matter in IXTY-EIGHT THE WELSH WIZARD land upon which he descended from the We'sh hills and took by storm in his vivid youth Prostrated by the first serious illness of his life. convalescing from a major operation, he took his first cuting propped up in a car on the day that the new national government was pro- claimed in England. But for this mis- fortune he would have been a member of the emergency government and |Theory of Earth’s Inevitable Cooling Upset by Relativity of the dimensions of our earth one would find that conditions exist just as we have always pictured them-—energy continually pouring out into space and the thoughts of a “heat death” but the logical conclusion. To get a true idea |of the situation we must therefore ap- ply the new relativity thermodynamics before making too dire conclusions on the end of the universe. (Copsright, 1931). 1 Republic, Which Observed 109th Anni-’ versary Last-Week, Makes Up in Re- sources What It Lacks in Tradition. BY GASTON NERVAL. RAZILIANS had a holiday last week. The inhabitants of the largest Latin American republic celebrated the 109th anniver- sary of their independence from the crown of Portugal. On September 7, 1822, Brazil was proclaimed a sov- ereign state, the only empire that ever existed in South America. Later on, the empire was converted into a federal republic, but Brazilians still commemo- rate enthusiastically every year the date on which they firsi achieved independ- ence from Portugal. This year their national day found Brazilians engaged in an earnest period of reorganization of the country, as a consequence of last year's revolution, which overthrew the conservative administration of President Luiz and set up a new government headed by Getulio Vargas. ‘The Republic of Brazil, on the east | coast of South America, has an area larger than that of the United States, not including Alaska or the insular possessions. Brazil's huge extent is illus- —From a Lithograph by Eric Pape. REMAINS YOUNG AS EVER IN SPIRIT. superhumanly active preparing for the day it breaks up. As it is, the irresistible sweep of events may conceivably destroy his lit- tle party and carry the political tide far past him. He may find himself on strange political shores, having missed the boat he has been waiting for since 1922. On the other hand. he may find the new home for which he has been look- ing since his coalition collapsed. Now that the Labor party is split, the Lib- erals are in the position of a man who “don't know where he's at.” The Tories, who are more than ever anxious to broaden their basis, look so much | like a national party that the voting masses think of them in terms of “Eng- land, our land"—but they forget that. after all, they represent politically only (Continued on Fourth Page.) Sprcad of Slang in English Banks LONDON.—Much has been heard in Britain in recent years of the damage nographer and the clerk have come to| being sustained by the King's English through the popularity here of Ameri- can slang expressiong or figures of speech. and elsewhere in the United States for Big business, however, is now | London saving to his superior, blaming the talkies made in Holiywood | chief! Is Blamed on American Talkies Not only the office boy, but the ste- find talkie slang the most convincing means of expression. No one can imag- ine a clerk in the times of Dickens’ 0. But it is rapidly supplanting, es. thank you,” in numerous estab- the informality of speech indulged in'lishments. in many banks and commercial estab- ! lishments, particularly in London. TREMBLING ON THE VERGE BY BRUCE BARTON HE United States is a famous trembler. There has never been a time in its history when some one was not ready to announce that it was “trem- bling on the verge.” Washington despaired of it. Lincoln despaired of it. Many present-day prophets assure us that it passed over the peak in 1929, and is now definitely on the way down. Yet within the past few months I have enjoyed some interesting experiences. I have attended the annual sales conventions of a number of major industries. Their business, when I visited them, was terrible. But what took place at the conventions? In one of them, an electri~ cal industry, the head of the research department revealed lans for a new household utility which promises to ban- ish one disagreeable feature of housework. It is certain to have a tremendous sale. In a furniture company, the “planning department” dis- layed a whole new line of improved floor coverings. In a third, an optical con- cern, the scientists told us of work backs turned upon present discouragements, and minds busy with better goods, better methods, better ideas, better living. I spoke to the head of one company about it. He said he had recently been holding a meeting of their English rep- resentatives. He told them casually that the company had hired an engineer and assigned him the task of mak- ing a world survey of their sources of raw materials for the next 25 years. One of the Englishmen exclaimed: “Confound you Yankees! What English com- any would ever think of hir- ng ‘a man to look ahead 25 years?” Coming to the end of all these meetings, I concluded that it is a waste of time to worry about the future of American business. We have an asset more fundamental than gold sup- {ly, or raw materials, or elec- ric power, or climate. That asset is a restless dissatisfac- tion with the past, a spirit of continuous improvement. As long as we are inspired by that spirit I believe that our future is secure. We shall not go down to destruction. | | tions to Office Back Chat. At the present time such expressions do not figure much in the conversa- tions of heads of businesses with em- ployes, but they heavily interlard office back chat or casual exchange of views. O. K. with me, baby The head of a large commercial firm | in London expressed the view to this correspondent that talkie lingo was be- ing used as much by the woman mem- | bers of his staff as by the men. Jargon Has Its Place. “I hear a girl clerk giving n office boy, and replying, ‘O. K., chief’ ‘How abo some tennis?’ asks a male employe his near feminine neighbor. ‘That's aw-right with me, big boy,’ comes the answer. The staff does not use such famillar jargon with any of the heads of the office unless they are sure it will not be regarded as disrespectful. I only realized a few months ago how much of this talkies talk had found its way into regular office routine. It was an eye-opener to me.” Many who use this type of jargon try to give it a more pungent effect by imitating the nasal twang so often heard in the “speakies.” Meanwhile, the Committee of Ex- perts on English, which includes George Bernard Shaw, which has been working for a year or more trying to decide how instruc- the bo; |several hundred words should be pro- nounced, has turned out another long list, but has failed to agree on ho the word “pianoforte” should be pro nounced—whether the final “e” should be sounded. ; Japanese Film Stars Receive Small Salaries TOKIO. — Leading motion picture stars in Japan, which boasts a film industry second only to that of the United States in size, earn less in one year than popular American stars are said to receive in one week. The high- est annual selary in the fllm colony here, according to official income tax statistics, is estimated at $5,000. Most of the favorite actors and actresses are paid less than $2,000 a year. Denjiro Okochi holds the top rank among the men, followed by Chiezo Kataoka, who receives $4,000. The highest paid actress is Yoko Uemura, who is credited with only $2,500. Al of these play in pictures of the “old school,” usually historical romances of the days before Japan was open to for- eign trade and influence. Such films, notable for scenes in which opposing groups of men engage in spectacular sword combats, have the same popu- trated by the fact that her boundaries touch all the South American coun- tries except Chile. In this immense territory live some 40,000,000 people, a population equal to that of all the other South American republics to- | gether. ~ And this territory is a virgin | empire, with inexhaustible resources, which but await the next step in de- velopment to flow all over the world. Brazil Little Known. In spite of this, Brazil is very little known on this side of the world. As to all the other Latin American nations people here have a general idea, a mix- ture of tradition and legend., which one finds in everyday experience. It is known that those countries were dis- covered and conquered by Spain, and that from Spain they have derived their culture, their civilization and their customs. And everything Spanish has, for the- Americans, a typical flavor of romance, of adventure, of artistic beauty, of poes; Hence, whenever an American listens to the melodious harmony of a piece of Spanish music — that Spanish music full of sentiment, of life, of expression; every time he sees a work of art or of architecture of Spanish colonial type, now so much in fashion; every time he hears some new incident of that Span- ish spirit of daring adventure, of ro- mance, of gallant knights and beautiful senoritas; every time, in a word, that an American comes in contact with any phase of that Spanish atmosphere | which attracts him so strongly. thoughts fly to the countries the Rio Grande, which have inherited that tradition and that spirit of the Spanish. And, vice versa, every time he hears those countries of the south me he thinks instantly of Spain and traditional spirit, and thus there built up in people’s minds a general idea, which, if not exactly correct, or definite, is at least an approximate con- | ception of the atmosphere and charac- | teristics of those people. | But with Brazil it is different. Brazil |is the only republic of South America { whieh was not discovered or settled by {the Spanish. On her shores it was | not the Spaniards. but the Portuguese, | who landed with the cross and banners {of conquerors at the beginning of the | sixteenth century. For more than three | hundred years the country was a Por- tuguese colony, and. during the last v, at the same time that the .atin American peoples won their independence from the crown of Spain, Brozil separated herself from the rule of Pertugal. and began her independent |life. This life of hers is as closel modeled on Portuguese ideas and cus- , toms as are those of her neighbors on the ideas and customs of Spain. Nation That Is Different. Brazil then. is net included in thi tradition of Spanish inheritance and | Spanish legends, which the inhabitants !of this count have in mind when they talk of South America ‘There- fore, they wonder when they hear it said that among the Latin American pations there is one where the lan- guage is not Spanich, and where no one has ever experienced the thrills of a bul'-fizht. or felt the romance of those “old Spanish customs” so favored in American movies and novels. And they wonder still more when they are told that that countiy is larger than the United States, ard has a population as large as that of all the other nations of South America together. And yet, in spite of the boundless lack of knowledge which exists here regarding things Brazilian, Brazil s the best friend Uncle Sam has in Latin America. For more than a century the Brazilian government. one of the m: powerful in that part of the world, has_eagerly given approval and moral support to the foreign policies of this country, standing by it even when in- terested parties were trying to arouse suspicion and _criticism of the “big brother of the North” among the Latin American peoples. When the Monroe Doctrine was announced to the world Brazil was the first to applaud it, and has ever since been a most enthusiastic supporter of that principle. There stands in_one of the most beautiful spots in Rio de Janeiro, the Brazilian capital, a magnificent 'building, the Monroe Palace, erected by the Brazilian Government in memory of the first man to warn the world against impe- rialistic designs or political ambitions over any nation of the American Con- tinent. ‘That building has been f many years a monument to pan-Amer- | ican ‘ideals and the center of several in- | ternational meetings held in Rio to |carry out these ideals and to foster the pan-American movement. Declared War on Germany. Nothing can picture better this close understanding and similarity of politi- cal principles between the United States and Brazil than the fact that Brazil was the only South American nation to declare war on Germany, soon after this country had done so, and to fight in Europe beside the Americans. Two’ other republics, Cuba and Panama, also declared war on the central powers, but did not actually send troops into the conflict, as did Brazil, nor did any others of the South American countries participate in the conflict, though several of them, like Bolivia, Peru and Uruguay, severed relations with Ger- many. Moreover, this strong spirit of co- operation which seems to govern in American-Brazilian relations has also manifested itself in a more practical and materfalistic way, invading the |economic field and strengthening the | commercial bonds between the two countries. Since the beginning of her | independent _existence, Brazil has ac- | corded to the United States preferential tarifl rates and commercial facilities | which, with the reciprocal facilities con- ceded by the Union, have done much’ | for the friendship between them. That the sympathies of Brazil are all with the United States was most clearly | shown when President-elect Hoover and his official staff received in Rio de Janeiro the greatest and most enthus- lastic welcome of their Latin American tour. The American press was full then, of the colorful and extensive re- ports in which the correspondents told of the magnificently hearty way the | representatives of this country had been | welecomed by the Brazilian people. No- | where did they enjoy such a huge re- ception, and nowhere did they find greater understanding and a more friendly attitude. Not only were they- attended by officials of the government and people of social distinction, but | they were as cordially applauded by the masses every time they were seen in | the streets of Rio, or during the public functions and ceremonies arranged ir their honor. Eager for Friendship. Statesmen of the United States have always shown themselves eager to cul- tivate the warmest friendship Brazil, because they realize the pot: tialities of this vast Latin Repu and the natural influen: e is going to have in the near future in world affairs. Just now, with h 40,000,000 people, Brazil is the most populous na- tion that has arisen in the past cen- tury, and, obviously. the most populous ne in the Southern hemisphere. Ac- cording to an estimate made by an American officer in Rio. at the present rate of increase there will be by 1950 76,000.000 inhabi Brazil. and by 1960 a popula of 120.000.000, the present population of the United States, The same person, in an arti {lished in Boston. ca! “home for millions.” and while now “nearly all the popi T is concentrated in a narrow belt along the coast, the li interior constitute tlement of un of Minas Geraes. over 8,000,000 peo) among the States larger population. The State Paulo, the richest and most e one in Brazil, has another 6,500,000 of people. and the southernmost State, Rio Grande do Sul, has more people than its sovereign neighbor, the Re- public of Uruguay. That Brazil is a country of limitless possibilities in the future, and has al- ready attained a notable econo velopment is shown by th and the importance of her ral resources. Of course, whoever speaks of Brazilian products thinks of coffee, because this product has always been closely associated with that of Brazil in the mind of every American citizen. That is one thing that evervbody knows about Brazil t it is land of the coffee. This natural, for Brazil produces abo ree-fourths of the h eserves for the set- millions. alone, 1 O New York, icn, has a it ¢, put has been increasing so rap! in the last few vears that the creation cf a Coffee Defense Institute was felt necessary to organize the control of prices by holding excess quantities of coffee off the merket. Cotton Important Product. only of B ton of the Ceara of tre same high qual Nile Valley cotton. Rice thousards of tons eve: ¥y prior to the World War it had to be imported into Brazil. Only the Gold Coast of Africa exceeds the cacao pro- duction of the State of Bahia, ™ Brazil. In corn. Brazil is second on to the United States. She produces derable quantities of wheat, pota- tobacco and “‘yerba mate. for tea largely consumed South America, and quebrachc. which furnishes an extract of great value in the tanning of leather. To this I may be added a large output of tropical woods, which contributes substantial 1o the economic wealth of the country. Although it has decreased somewhat in late vears, rubber production is a source of valuable reserve for Brazi perity in the future. Henry Ford will see to that. He already has a large plant down in the Amazon Valley. and is constantly endeavoring to increase the output. | Although she has lost the fame for mineral wealth that she enjoyed during | Colonial times, Brazil still has a large variety of minerals of considerable value. She ranks second only to Scuth Africa in production of diamonds. and shares with India the honor of beir the chief source of the mica o pplv‘(‘s the world. It is known thai Brami | possesses vast deposits of fron cres, by these, like those of most other minera | are found in the interior of the coun- | try. and are not at present really avail- | able for world commerc>. In the near future, however, they may corstitute a source of inexhaustible wealth. | (Copyright. 1931) Giant British Airpla LONDON.—A British leviathan of the ! air, the largest ever built in this coun- | try, rivaling the German Dornier DO-X, is naaring completion at the Vickers Subermarine Works at Southampton and is expected to be launched early next year. Fitted with six 900-horsepower Rolls- | Royce engines designed to produce a speed of 145 miles an hour, and stated to have a greater lifting capacity than the German ship, the machine when tested will carry out experimental trans- atlantic flights and eventually may be used for a Southern Atlantic mail service. Built as an experiment to the order of the British air ministry, the ma- chine will measure from wing tip wing tip 174 feet, the hull from nose to tail being 107 feet. Some indication of its size can be gauged from the fact that with a full compiement of passen- gers and crew, and fueled, it will weigh nearly 35 tons. An official of Vickers alrcraft branch, discussing the machine recently, said the metal, which is being chiefly used for the flying boat is duralumin, which, while being as light as aluminum, is much stronger. It is treated by a process which makes it immune from attack by salt air and sea water. very part of the machine likely to E larity in Japan as Wild West films had | be subjected to severe stress and strain in America 1! will be put through tests on machines ne, to Rival DO-X, Will Get Transatlantic Test Next Year cept for the covering of the trailing portion, which is of fabric. The main spar structure is of stainless steel, in- cluding the nose covering, which pro-- vides the torsional rigidity essential to a monoplane wing. Wind tunnel experimenis made with | a scale model indicates that the new machine will have a landing sp-3°- o 7212 miles an hour, a rate cf cimb of 750 feet a minute, a normal range of 700 miles and a maximum range of. 1,300 miles. (Copyright, 1931). . Doors in Johannesburg Locked Against Natives- JOHANNESBURG.—“The ever open. | door” has a real significance in the native territories of South Africa, such as Basutoland, Swaziland and Zulu- land, because the white settlers seldom think about locks, bolts and bars. i In the raw the South African na-- tive is absolutely honest; besides, the presence of his ancestors in the coun-- tryside at night insures that he does, not go out after sundown. When he goes to seek fame and fortune in the city he discovers that this fear of his ancestors is a lot of nonesense, and un- No matter how often we may tremble on the verge. (Copyright, 1931.) the universe. ‘The important point of the solution which he obgains is that if one consid- ers the universe as a whole the entropy would remain cemstan! the country: that this man who had brought him in and for which he had paid the price had approached the em- ploye asking for a large sum of money, stating as his reason that he needed ing made, and in speech and in press declare that the movement is to & con- siderable extent one of persecution; that ~ (Continued oo Fourtt Page.), ing on which may give alfoof us better eyesight. Everywhere I found men' 5 s i fortunately, night life breeds night habits. At any rate, Johannesburg " le take special care to see that- ir locks are both strong and certatn, 4 Stars a) ictures of pres- | constructed for the purpose, and when because Y uire less launched will take the water in pre- training and are easily do well cisely the same way as a liner. ummnu.m«'?xm, ‘The wing is constructed in metal, ex- » \