Evening Star Newspaper, July 1, 1931, Page 25

MACHINE FARMING NEARS CENTENARY Second Era of Agriculture Dates From First Reaper Tried Out in 1831. By the Assoclated Pres CHICAGO., July 1.—Mechanized agri- ealture today neared the beginning of its second century. For it was on a July day 100 years ago in a Virginia wheat field that Cyrus Hall McCormick successfully cut a strip of grain with his reaper. That crude machine and those of other agricultural experimenters were forerunners of the speedy, motor-powered combines now harnvesting the great 1931 crops of the American wheat belt. Before the reaper harvesting was man’s most arduous task. Prior to that July day (the exact date has never been ascertained) from the dawn of clvilization only slight betterments had been made in the important work of gathering foodstuffs. Only the scythe and cradle had been added to mands harvesting equipment since Ruth gleaned the fields of Boaz in biblical times. Rival Makers Enter Field. ‘McCormick’s first reaper was watched, as it cut cleanly through the ripe ‘wheat, by members of his family, in- cluding his father, Robert, who had tried unsuccessfully to perfect such a machine. The witnesses included, also, a few scythemen from adjacent fields whose cccupation was wiped out within & few years by the reaper. McCormick did not patent his reaper until 1834 and did not start marketing it until 1840. In the meantime other inventors developed similar machines and the rivalry their products en- gendered kept up for many years. This keen competition brought many im- provements in the original harvesting machines as each firm strove to outdo the other. It was McCormick's machine that Secretary Stanton, head of the War Department* in Lincoln’s « inet, testified rendered great service i> the Nothern cause during the Civil War. He asserted it released regimenis of men from the grain fields to the fight and assured the Union States’ food supply during the conflict. Greater service to the world was elaimed for the machine by others who credit it with banishing man's fear of famine. From the time of Joseph's feats in Egypt until the nineteenth century, appfehension that food suf- ficient to its population might not be harvested held the world in fear. Europe experienced widesjread fam- ine as late as 1816, and lack of food- stuffs led to bread riots in New York in 1837. Uncivilized and backward na- tions still suffer from dearth of food- stuffs, grown and garnered by hand. Motors Bring New Problems. Machinery, taking man’s place in the world's major grain flelds, eliminated the fear of famine in a few years among progressive peoples, but the rapid spread of motor-powered imple- ments in recent years has left ins'ead another problem—the proper distribu- tion of hugh grain surpluses. The first reaper merely cut some 8 to 10 acres of wheat in a day, \\'llh] threshing to follow. The combines now in common use, in a single operation, harvest and thresh some 30 to 49 acres a day. McCormick died in 1834 Iie had built his reaper factory in Chicazo and developed a great business still engaged in the manufacture of farm machinery. SLOW BOATS SHIFTED TO GULF OF MEXICO Coast Guard Will Use Faster Craft to Patrol Great Lakes District. By the Associated Press. BUFFALO, N. Y., July 1.—Too slow %o catch the speedy rum-running boats which ply Lakes Erie and Ontario these days, ten 30-foot cabin picket boats, used by the Coast Guard in this sec- tion several years, start today on a 2.50C-mile trip to Galveston, Tex. They will be used in th> Coast Guard service to prevent smuggling from Honduras to the Texan coast. These boats can attain a maximum speed of 25 miles an hour. The boats used by the rum runners in this vicin- | ity make 30 tc 45 miles an hour. Rum runners in the Southern waters of the United States, particularly in the Gulf of Mexiz), are using slower boats, nccording to the Coast Guard, and Gov- ernment boats making 25 miles an hour are fast enougin for patrol work out there. ? The fleet. will carry crews totaling 20 men. It will travel by way of Lake Erie, Lake Hurcu, Lake Michigan, the Chicago-Mississippi Canal, fhe Illinois River and the Mississippl River to the Gulf of Mexico. The journey probably will require three weeks. OVERSEAS WOMEN URGED TO WORK FOR RELIEF BILL Miss Faustine Dennis Reports on Work Done in Capital at Convention. By the Associated Press. PHILADELPHIA, July 1.—Members of the Women's Overseas Service League, holding their eleventh annual convention here, was urged yesterday to work for the relief bill in Congress for overseas women. Miss Faustine Dennis of Washington, legislative chairman, reported or the work done to promote interest in the * bill, which would provide hospitaliza- tion and compensation for women who gerved overseas with the Army and Navy. Mrs. G. T. Taubles of San Francisco, president, reported a total of $1.075, made in three loans and two grants, during the past year by the national fund for Disabled Women Committee. Mrs. Guy H. Kinney of Brooklyn, serv- fce chairman, reported 9 requests for aid, 16 loans by the National Com- mittee and 638 recipients of assistance from local units. Dr. Joseph Fort Newton, in an ad- dress, pleaded for peace and urged the league members to help make the peace pacts of 1928 “a living reality.” Presi-' dent Hoover’s moratorium proposal was characterized by Rabbi H. Fineshriber as “the high water mark of world un- derstanding.” Phillip-Louise Continuing our sale— every dress in the house reduced below cost. Still a number left at $10.75 A good assortment of Shan- tung Suits and Chiffon Gowns, in sizes up to 44 at $16.75 A special assortment of hats at 32 00 hree More Cheers for the Red, White and Mostly One of a Kind—Come Early! A Sale of Sample Silk Underwear $2.59 $3.89 Sheer black chif- * fon jacket dress, ac- cented with white georgette $|2.00 A Complete Variety in This Sale of Dresses For Women For Misses *12 Lovely dresses for every Holiday mood —traveling, outings, bridges, dining and dancing—fashio n e d of washable crepes, prints in darker shades, alluring chif- fons, lace, fine net, and mousseline de soie. Plenty of extra sizes and half sizes. Do anything, but don’t go gloveless this Summer. 6, 8 and 12 button length white fabrics for every occa- §1 00 sion STREET FLOOR SECOND FLOOR. Rough Straws—Imitation Panamas —and Crocheted Turbans 'Mid-Summer Hats $7.45 A special group of smart Midsummer hats for the Fourth! Large, floppy rough straws that cast flattering shadows—chic Panamas (imitation) for every type and tiny crocheted turbans. White, navy, black and pastels! All head sizes. MILLINERY—SECOND FLOOR The is just Signal dress one of the many smart Junior Miss frocks in this group. Piques, linens and crepes; $5.95 1 40/17 o SECOND FLOOR Pinpoint and me- dium size mesh hose, full-fashioned, with double mesh French heels and icot t 9 Pt o $1.65 STREET FLOOR % NG Q :w-flh’a‘-ww"*"wn‘* L AT N Czechoslovakians work all Winter that women of Amer- ica can wear these cool Sum- mertime sandals! And how cool they are! All white, white with patent leather, beige, pink, blue and green, and beige with brown. SHOES—SECOND FLOOR. A gay dash of color at the waist goes a long way to make one’s frock chic! Let a new belt put it SOC there STREET FLOOR > $5.89 $7.89 $8.89 13 to 1/ Lower '.“, Than Ordinarily ol YN LA We're always glad when we can get samples, for we and trimmed in itely rose! chemises tailored; flesh, know how women wait for just this opportunity to buy lovely underwear at a price! French crepe and satin gowns, slips, step-ins, bountifully \lencon laces or exquis- white and UNDERWEAR—THIRD FLOOR A popular white coat is this one with deep notched lapels stitched $10.75 to match the cuffs. SECOND FLOOR many An all-over cherry print in blue and white — sounds de- lightful, doesn’t it? Only one of many women's $ frocks>at. . 8.90 SECOND FLOOR. tea- If You're Gonna Take a Swim Choose a suit that can lead an amphibian sort of life—like the ones we are showing you above! One is a bright coral — the other brown, yellow, or- 53.95 ange and turquoise.... As for your cap, choose a smart turban effect—it will fit close- 85C ly and keep your hair dry... —while high-heel bathing shoes will make you look so tall and $2.45 willowy. - Pair,c.ae. BEACH SHOP—SECOND FLOOR The double-hreast- ed rever Missie frock of flat crepe also shows you how smart these dresses are $8.90 Another contribu- tion to the sunny side of life is this one-piece cotton i hat 1o §] 95 B with hat to match: ... SECOND FLOOR NSBURGH'S 7th, 8th and E Sts.—NAtional 9800 No Connection With Any Other Washington Stere