Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1931, Page 28

4 THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, . JUNE 28, 1931—PART TWO. Secret- y Lamont Declares Business Of United States Will Cure Own Ills (Continued From Third Page.) inventors the exclusive use of their discoveries. The commerce of a country is the business of supplying its people all the material things they use, means of transportation, and in recent years| with many non- ntia's—called lux- uries. The rnest poitant of all &ta- | tistics, therefore, are thase that give the number, location, and eccnomic and social characteristics of th» population. During the past year ta» Gcpariment, through the Burezu of the Census, has been buty collecting, recording, classi ing, tabulating. and printing these fig- ures for the fifteenth time since the be- ginning of the Nation. In addition, the regular censuses of manufactures, azri- culture, and mining have been taken, as well as, for the first time, a census of distribution of trade, and a census ©f unemployment. Important among the branches of the department, especially in these times of economic disorder, is the Burcau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, th» trade promotion arm of the department. ‘This bureau carries on its activites| through 59 offices in 48 foveign coun- tries and 34 rogional ofices in the United States, all supervissd from the | ‘Washington headquarters, vith its nu-| merous commodity and technical divi- sions. This brief survey of the funct'ons of the departm-nt gives no idea of the rea! | spirit of the Department of Commerce, | as reorganized and vitalized by Herbert Hoover during the s-veral years he was | in charze of its activities. I hear from | all sides—from trad= associations | bers of commerce, business me! tors and Repr-sentatives t abroad, writers, representatives eign governments—unqualified its prompt services, its accurat pl~te, up-to-date stat>ments and rep> its businrss-like method: 3 renuinely constructive and helpful attitude toward industry and commerce. appealed to Governors of States and to | other public agencies to increase ex- penditures for needd public construction and offered the co-operation of the Feceral Government to that end. To provide for co-ordin:tion of these efforts, and to exvedite construction of all public works, the Division of Public Construction was established in the De- partment of Commerce. The Federal instituting a lerger building progra: by this cr sny other country in peace time. The ccmbined tctal of public works—nationa!, Siate and local—and tles hes exczeded $7,000,000,000 p-r year in 1920 end 1931, Farly last P11, when it became ap- parent that unemp'oyment was becom- ing a serious rroblem, the President appointd an Emergency Committee for Emp'oyment, under the abls chair- manship of Col. Arthur Woods. This 2lso was domiciled in the Department of Commerce. Our branch offices throughout the country constantly d the committea and its regional ciors, through personal assistance, 1l 2s with regular reports on local conditions affecting employment and relief. Ancther important st2p in the direc- ti'n of business stability has been taken in the establichment of th» Employment Stabilization Board, whose function is “to arrange the construction of public works so far as practicable in such a manner as will assist in the stabilization of indusiry and emp'oyment through the proper timing of such construction.” | Declines Are Recorded. The staff vork of this board, which is composed o the Secretaries of the Treacury, Agricuiiurs, Labor end Com- | reree, is (o be rarried on in the Depart- m-rt of Commarce, whore the Division of Pub'ic Con-truction is already famil- far with many of tae prcbl>ms t> be en- unt-red and the methods t> be pur- Trade Research Agenc: ued in workinz toward the long-range z contrel of public works, b-th in the In accordanc> with Mr. Hoover's con- Feceral Government and in the other eeption of its proper functions, the de- goiernmental units. rartment, in addition to its routire activities, has become a great research agency engagd in assisting trade and industry to lower costs, e'iminate waste and improve produsts. The work of the Bureau of Standards in promoting the simplification of preducts and prac- tices has continued vizorously during the past two yeers. In tais perind 27 additional industries have voluntarilv accepted trace standards which will assure to buyers uniform specifications of quality and durebility as well as appearance of prod while simplifi- cation standards. resulting in reduction of the formerly excessive ani wasteful number of shapes and sizes of products, have been accepted by 24 additional in- Custries. Altegether about 120 distinct lines of inAustry have up to now re zed the J.0ssibilities of such simplt and it est'mat>d that as a su't annval savings in production costs of more than a quarter of a billion dol- tha ~n brought eb-ut. in_response to the impera- ity for reducing the wastes ution, the Commerc» Depart- ment carried forward its first national census of distribution in this fleld, and these results are naw being snnounced. The importance of th's plcne~r work c>n hardly he overestimated: it con- | st'tutos the first real survey ever made by any governm-nt of what has hither- 10 been unknown business torritory. Cliy b city, and region by region, the find- inss of tois survey will, for the first and sellers of all | th exact data as to s of goods | buving power and trade outlets. The in‘erest of the devartment in the feld of distribution has led the Bureau of Foreign end D-mestic Com- merce recently t7 make a serious at- t=mpt to explore the causes of retailers’ dificulties. Why do so many retailers fai!? Tn the effort to answer this cues ion the bureau. with the aid of the manufacturers, whe! s and rctail- ers, made a thorouzh survey cf the gro- | corv businers in a typical city, Louis- ville, which has proved unexpectedly valuable to the ccmmercial world. As a result of the study. wavs for remov- | ing some of the hazards. bettering the service and in-reasing the stability of | re'ail trade throughout the country | have been discovered. In this connec- | tion, the Census Bureau has recently | announced that there are 1.549.000 re- tail storss in the 43 States and the Dis- trict of Columbia—with » tatal business of more than $50.000.000.000. In S'. Louls this same apbroach is being used in the survey of the retail drug bus'- ness, and we confidentlv look for re- sults frem this similar to those achleved by the grocery survey. Market Data Handbook. In meny other ways as wa'l the de- partment is endeavoring, tarcugn ra- search and investigation, to provid~ the facts whereby business can reduce i's expenses and improve its services, In the recent publicetion of ths Market Data Handbools, & vast amount of ua- ful market information has teon or- eing kept un-to-date. of pariicu'ar ar-as, ticn as to bu Within the month or so the | Survey of Current Business—orizinated | a decace ago by President Hoover wen he was Secretary of Commerce—has been brought out in grzatly improved | form, bringing together each mon'h in clear and usable manner some 2,000 | measures of current buciness trends, and thus he'ping business to conduet its operations with full know'edge of all| significant facts. These st-tisti-al guides | are being uced by big and litt'’s busi- | ness in reducing ccs's and increasing | efficiency, and hence, in lowering prices | to_the cosumer. | By emphasizing th~ cttention paid | to the of domestic distribution, I | do not wish to minimize th import-nt | work which s constantly bing carried on by the department’s foreign servica, | Chenging conditions in the United | States during the past year have caused American busin-ss to call on the for- | elgn offices of the department as never before. As an fllustration of this, near- | 1y cne-third more inquiris were re- ceived snd answerad by ths foreian | offices than in the prereding year, and despite the shrinkage in the vale of cur foreign . Tesulting from the world-wide depression and fo1l jn prices, the smount of busin cuvht | directly to Am-rican exrorters bv th~ department's overseas offires amourtad to over $50,020,000—$8,000,000 e than in_the yvear be: i Legislative consideration of economic problems which have arisen during th~ past two years has added to the work of the department in the investization of such prob’'ems as the disposal of sur- plus farm products abread, th» growth | of American branch plants in fore‘an countries, the causes and effects of the decline in the price of silver, th~ caus of depression and its effert upon dom! tic and foreign trade, the factors in- volved in the develoomsnt of the Amer- ican merchant marine, and other simi’ar problems. Prepares Many Publications. In addition to_answering the man; fnquiries from official sources, tha €3- artment prepares a larse number cf gandbooks and other pub'ications of For many months now ths Depart- ment of Comm-rce has had to record almost continuous dec ines in those fac- tors which, when showing increases, make for profits and prosperity. At the same time it has had to record the unavoldable consequences of these de- clines in increasing unemployment. The dark shadow of “hard times” has hung heavily over the entire country and the entire world. | . In the earlir months there was much discussion and little agreement as to then ezme many suggestions as and means of lifting curselv out of our Gifficu'tics. Mony of these were of “boot-ctrap” variety, involving large expenditures of Goverrment money with cons-quent increases in taxes, and others were wholly imprac- ticable. For the most part those proj- ects which were in fact capable of re- lieving the situation were promptly put into operastion by Government or pri- initiative. ~ Mere rocently there | vate have come to us many plans for abolich- ing “hard times” a'tcgeth-r. Business m-n have be°n blamed, and charged with lack of foresizht and leadership. The soundness of our economic systom Fas been questioned. su~g-sted thatsanother cuch depression wou'd destroy our civilization. These |ar> extreme vicws—the outirowth of many months of deprecsion—they are characteristic of the present stage of all depressions. Similar extreme views hava cropned up in every denression. But thess dire pr-dictions have al ~en belied by actual events. From ¢ trough. in- ductrv and remmerce and th~ general we'l-being of the peonle ha: | higher crest than ever before. Naver- | the'ess. there is no denving ths fact that a'thourh much pregress bas been mads in methods of relieving hardshins during depressions w- have not sun- cecded in nrevent'ng them or in mak- ‘nz them shollower and shorier. A< we Ese~mre me=s snd more of #n injustrial retien, wi £6 per cent of cur peonle Yiving in eitles. a busin-ss ¢~nressi~n | brinm< preater diffien'ties than when the greet majority lived on farms. Matter of Ralance. It is often said that we have just as manv peon'e. just s much money. fust unders‘and whv. in a eovntry which h=s a surplus of fond shelter 2nd all cf the nther things that we nsed mil- ns shamld be without employment. The troth is that the diff*rence be- tween good times | simnly ene of ba'ance. In good times 95 to 03 per cent of the people who vzuel'v. work are workine: there is a market for the things they are pro- dueing: there is a balance between rroduction #nd consumption. That ba'anced condition, which is necessary to mointain prosperous conditions. has crme sbout through rormal operations of e~onomic forces. It has not been man- seed in #nv wav by Government or in- dustry it<elf. There is no organization of euthority within the Government or to so manage or control the on and consumption of goods. is a free country. Any one can #o into anv business and conduct it any way be pleases within the law. Under this fr-e system, this country has de- veloned to a degree never before eonaled in the historr of the world. In spite of ups and downs, the’ gen- eral trend of industrial activity has been rapidly upward, end the con- stantly increasing demands of a higher living standard have absorbed the prod- u-~ts of constantly increasing capacity of our economic system. The resu't is that every business executive wants his month'v statement to be better than the precedint month—and better than the corresnonding month for the pre- vious yeer. We are constantly ex- pand'ng productive capacity, outting on more salesmen to dispose of larger pro- duction, and cutting prices, if necessary, to take business from a competitor. The same proress goes on in the real estate and buildint industry. We turn too manv farms into subdivisions, tie | ‘0 the vast sums in streets. sidewalks, | sewers, water and gas mains, far in advence of actual needs, We overbuild spartments, hotels and office buildines. industrial plants and eauinment. often on a highly spe*ula- tive basis and at too high costs. Tien comes the inevitable crash and de- prescion. We have been going through these cycles for more then 100 years. From each great denrecsion we have learned something. Manv of the earlier ones were brought on by financial and mon- etarv panics. After the depression of the 90's we learned the advantage of a sound monetary svstem. The lessons learned in the panic of 1907 hore fruit in the Fedoral Reserve System. The depression of 1921 taught nus the danger’ of large inventories and we -adopted Government 1°self se: an example hv’ than h>d e er b fore been undertcken of capit~l etpenditures by public utili- It hos even been | ricen to a | s manv plants er4 ma~hin~s, and fust | |as many acres of farm 1-nd as we had | in 1920: end it is d'ficult for people to and bed times is to help {tself, but business must be its own physician. The leaders of industry and commerce and finance, the leaders of labor and of agricul- ture, by individual and co-operative effort, must take up this great task. They can do far more than any go ernment to prevent disturbance of ti normal distribution of national in- come, to maintain a ‘proper relation between prices costs, between profits and wages and the returns of the farmer. They have it in their hands to check creation of excessive plant capacity, investment in sound enterprises and reckless speculation. ‘They have it in their hands to build up reserves to tide both the dividend- receiver and the wage-earner over times of slack demand. It is they | 1 l Can Five Year (Continued Prom First Page.) having resulted in the rspudiation of | the national debt, there is no interest to be paid. The weakness of the systom is that when there is actually no profit to be | distributed there is mno incentive to imake any profit. Self interest, that (moving force of the capitalistic regime jand even the basis of all human pro- |duction, is not taken into consideration in this plan £t all. Work is not done vith any calculation of its costs. either ret or grozs; ths engincer has free rein end is undetorred by any consideration jof financial responsibility. We know of more than one enterprise which has failed because it was left to the mercies of unrestrained engineering geniuses. Communistic Only in Name. Let us make no mistake; the Soviet system of production is Communistic only in name: it presents all the at- tributes of a bureaucratic state, modern in cert2in phaces but purely Oriental in oth: Its _technical = efficiency cesms to be mediccre, and the costs {much higher than in capitalictic indus- I try. | To speak of “American methods of production.” which have bcen empha- isized 8o often, can, it scems to me, only | provoke a smile under these conditions. The main point is to ascertain finally whether the incentive of working for profit can be replaced in the future by a mystical fenaticism regarding pro- duction, combined with a complete sub- mission on the part of the masses. It lis without doubt possible, but the proof has yet to be brought—and, above all, it is necessary that this fanaticism co: tinue to persist. Let us now return to our thoughts on the Russian character. That factories cen be bulli—or, at least, that they can be forced to be 'built by American and German engi- neers—is entirely within the realm of possibility; in fact, it is being accom- plished. Questions Maintenance. The planned creation of mactinery is not unlikely. But bewzre! It is one thing to construct machinery and it is | anotiier thing to keep it in order. Will | Russian vorkmen and engineers (with- | out mentioning the peasants to whom the tractors will be assigned) know how to keep in repair this delicate machin- ery which comes from the most per- fectly industrialized countries in the world? Wil a burcaucracy succeed in | operating these infinitely complicated projects? . The snswer will be that during the | war the struggle e.c:ywhere was oigan- | |ized by bureaucracics. And with the Soviets it is real'y a question of war, conducted in the spirit and with the | enthustasm and, lot us add, with the obsession inccparable from periods of | great conflict. It must be said that {over #nd rbove the great earnestness. : the technique and the real devotion of the chiefs, there is also a certain | amount of blu‘ter. How permanent will all this be? Can Enterprise Endure? ‘The ecsential questicn is to find out whether this enterprise in fanaticism, | which includes the ardent enthusiasm of the militants a3 well as the s3erifices | ! of the marses, can encure? | I weu'd like to conclude wrat T have to say on thic subject not by presenting | a formal statement, but, on the con- | trary, by presenting a categorical ques- | tionnaire. If I were going to Russia. | what wou'd I'want t> know and what | points would I want elucidated? This is what I propose and present in the fol- \ lowing lines. i In reaconing this way, T om neither behaving as _our predecestors of the | | years from 1880 to 1890. who departed | on their travels “in order to see if | things were like that.” nor like the leg- | endery disciple of Taine, of whom the | | master demanded on the eve of his de- | parture, “What conclusions do you in- | | tend to’ verify?” | 1 shall try to remain in a state of | doubt; that is to say. in the state of | intellectual receptivity which will per- | 'mit the light of any truth to be ac | cepted. I shall probably retain certatin | | impressicns that I have tried to explain | here ard in my former article. i Lists Questionnaire. Here. then, is the systematic ques- | tionnaire to which I would like to know the enswers: | 1. Realization of the five-year plan— A. The degree of realization of the plen: G s, | Is it true that the plan is ef- fectively executed? (a) Fol- lowing the pace foreseen? (b) Quicker even—as we have heard—then the pace foreseen? 2. Are the factories that have been announced really con- structed? B. Value of plants as regards the fol- | lowing: | 1. Are the factories modern and of good quality? (a) As to the | builaings? (b) As to the| equipment? | . Are they well situated and in | ihe right places? (a) Does one | find a lack of harraony between | the location of a certain fac-| tory and the service expected | from it? (b) Are there not, for example, factories which are far from the raw material they must employ? (c) Are there not too many factories with too much motor power, too great a means of proguction, | and, therefore, unable to be run on full time? The part of megalomania in| the conception and realization | of the p'an. | II. The operation and efficiency of the factories once they are started— A. The management: TOURS. who can stifie all that spells boom, the outcome of which is depression. And personally I belleve that the people have not only the brains but the heart which justifies intrusting to them this task. There are of course men of ill will in our economic life, but in every fleld and in every rank they are the few and not the many. There has never been a time when sympathy with fellow man, the spirit of service, the.desire to do justice, have played such a part in the conduct of business as they do today. Let us all, then, enter on this great task of stabil- izing prosperity with thete motives, and we may all look forward with confidence to the outcome. Thank ycu and gced night. Plan Succeed? 1. The intellectual, technical and commercial value of these in charge. (a) Have they a co- herent outlook on the whole? (b) D5 they agree with each other? Are their plans co- ordinated? (c) Do_they mnot let themselves be carried away by megalomania? Cen their bureaucratic morale, n though exceptional, re- ce the type of management hich rxists in the capitalistic rstem? (a) Is there a proper re'ation between the building ©of a certain factory or group of factories and the resources of fuel, raw materials and the markets? (b) Do the execu- tives, as long as they are not limited by any consideration of profit, still retain some idea of the worry caused by working for profits? . Is there graft and dishonesty? Has Russia rea'ly ceasei to be the country of “backshich"? Engineers. « B. The engincers— 1. The role played by foreign en- g'neers. (a) In the construc- tion of factories. (b) In their equipment. (c) In their regular operation once they have started. (d) Could they be dis- pensed with? The role played by Russian en- gineers: (a) In the construc- tion, equipment and function- ing of factories. (b) Their cul- ture, their technique and their practical ideas. (c) Their ca- Facity as executives. Are Russian engineers capable in the long run of kseping this eguipment in repair? (a) Will they not let it become a menace to life? (b) Has the Soviet eZucation chenged them to such en extent that they have bocome dependable and en- dowed with ideas of adminis- tration and business? (c) To wrat extent does the Soviet education develop the critical spirit which is necessary to all balanced activity? (It {5 known that their education is inspired by fanaticism.) Workmen. C. The workmen— 1. For the foreman the same questions as for the engin ers. 2. Among the rcal workers what proportion are Russians? 3. Among the Russian workers: (a) What proportion are skilled? Their worth? (b) ‘What proportion are laborers? 4. Can one trust delicate ma- i L d w chines to th=se workers? (a) | This question should apply especially to workers in the country. (b) Are the tractors, for example, kept in repair in large agricultural developments? 5. The moral collaboration of the Russian workmen: (a) Are stimulated by the system of doing piecework? (b) What efect doss the replacement of working for money by the So- viet fanaticism have on effi- clenc: (c) What is the real efficacy of the systematized en- thusiasm maintained in the factcries? Do the processes employed seem to consist of & good deal of bluff? D. Can the system function without the safcguard of counting prices and costs? 1. Are prices and costs entirely done away with? (a) Have th expressions “Working at a los: or “Working at a_ profit” lost their meaning? (b) Do those in charge feel that there is an economic sanction? (c) Does he unrestrained engineer do away with prudent administra- tion? 2. To what extent does this bu- reaucracy resemble all others? 3. Just how well does the super- machine pay where labor is plentiful and cheap? (a) Would it not be more economical to use this abundant labor instead of so many machines? (b) Do ! those in power put such ques- ticns to themselves? Chance of Duration. E. The chance of duration of the plan— 1. Is the enthusiasm which ani- mates the system confined to the leaders? (a) To.what ex- tent do the engineers and the workmen believe in it? (b) Would the system work if the mass of the people remained political militants in the fac- tory? 1Is their role necessary or ere they, on the contrary, a parisitic element in produc- tion? Hes the fanaticism and en- thusiasm a chance to endure? (a) Would the system continue on its own momentum if the enthusiasm shquld disappear? (b) Would the enthusiasm suf- fice if the great mass of the pecple failed to continue their passive attitude? Here we sre finishing, after ell, by putting one sole essential question which seems to sum up the situation: ‘The Soviet government is without doubt capable of constructing the most formidable equipment, but in the long run will they be able to keep it operat- ing? Our thoughts, as noted before, register a doubt. but the conclusion re- o UNIiTED FrUIT €O, | Pior 9, North Wharves, Philadelohia or local tourist or ficket agent Youth Is Not Yet Doomed (Continued From Third Page.) they could persuade a more expert rival to settle among them, or ess they could take a trip to another town. The machine-made article meant the end of ‘nferior handicraft. X Believes Youth Benefits. I don't see how youth can fail to benefit like the rest of us from this change. In fact, it would seem that the machine sge has taught youth in gen- eral a higher standard of performance, a nobler conception of efficiency, a truer spiritual direction in human labor than our forefathers had. I say youth in general because I insist upon thinking of the problem of youth with- out reference to classes. I know that at all times certain favored spirits have gone as far toward human excellence as seems possible, but it is a tragic dis- illusion to examine the fate of other youths in their time. Let Shakespeare and for Stratford; don't look into the terary interests of the boys he grew up with. Remember the youth Frank- lin in the printing -offices, but don't persuade yourself that his fellow ap- prentices were heading toward a des- tiny like his. In other words, I should like to think of youth in terms of that democracy which Mr. Lewis does not belleve ins “To create,” he said, “is to cease to be democrztic.” Well, many of us will not define democracy in those terms. In this country in the days before some of our colleges began to imitate the pro- longed youth of the British leisure classes & group of young men in the | Raleigh Tavern organized the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Their professors did not organize it for thel They them- selves, before the machin® age, had gone adult. One of them was John Marshall. Why should not their interest in the | mind be democratic? Their individual gifts were not identical, but together y shared a concept of the good lif2 which would have done honor to old | age and which they were fortunate to arrive at early. I like to repeat the saying of one of | my former colleazues at Columbia—that the unconfessed purpose of education is | to keep the younger generation from competing with us too soon. Is that| really what Mr. Lewis has in mind? | Is he really concerned about youth or is he troubled for what he calls ex- perienced age, which he says youth is replacing? In many respects our for- mal education wastes time. We take vears to teach what under a little pres- sure could be Jearned in months. We say that the process of slow spoon-feed- ing justifies itself bc-ause it permits youth to seaspn more thoroughly. Urges Educatlon for Old. I fancy that the spread of adult edu- | cation will remove our fear of youth, masked under solicitude. As the ma- chine age moves on and the man of 45 or 50 is thrown out of his job to make room for a more efficient youngster we | shall see that our quarrel is not with the efficiency of the ycung, but with the incomplete education of the old. And | we shall educate the old. Unemploy- | ment problems as they affect men past 40 are largely the result of that out- worn theory of education which thought we should learn during a protracted youth and never go to school again. At present we are at the half-way stage in | which we speak of re-cducation. It will not be lcng before we recognize that education, even to some degree ecducation of a formal kind, should parallel our work in the end of our days. This new attitude has caused the psychologists to re-examine the old prejudice in favor of youthful recep- tivity. We are now told that the mind in_later_years can on_the whole absorb | " _____ToumSs. CariEBEAN B YACHT) CRUISE | FROM PHILADELPHIA | $125% 13 days‘. A glorious sea voyage 2 2nd a half in gay Havana...another in Tela, Honduras automobile trips | sit to the famous snake farm at Tela... bathing and other sports...gavest of times atseaandashore...every- thing included. Evenin port the steamer is your own private yacht. Sail- ings every two weeks, beginning June 30th’ Freight for Hatana accepted | | The great (oil-burning) white liners | mains to be verified. TO CALI | hand-to-mouth buying. Depends on Initiative. | Prom our present dificulties we shall |fearn the necessity of maintaining a | better balance in economic affairs, of preventing a too rapid diversion of cepital into unproductive forms, of in- suring through proper distribution of income that consuming power will ex- | | value to business, and is ca'led unon by | pand in step with advancing produc- chambers of commerce, trade associa- tions, newspapers and other periodica’s, corporations, and individuals to provide information upon a great variety of subjects. In the last fiscal year nearly 4,000,000 such inquiries received atten- tign in the Bureau of Foreign and Do- mrstic Commerce alone. The business depression has brought unusual prob'ems to the Commerre Department, as to other depcrim-nts of the Government. Immediat2ly after the stock market crash in the Fall of 1929, President Hoover to~k promnt and energetic action to stabilize con- struction and, so far as possib'e, to avoid the disorder and m'sery whien, in the past, had alwavs followed su: $peculative collapses, by a ories of ce ferences yith labor and industrial lead- @&s. At the same time, the President tive capacity, of accumulating ample reserves in prosperous years to carry us through depressions that may come in future years in spite of every effort to _avoid them. This will come about not by revelu- tionary change—by the imposition of any super plan of government or in- workirg out a beiter balance be upon private initiative. 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Social hostess, entertainment,dancing,music,deck imes, etc.—good food—de luxe rooms. layground for children, matron in charge. No luggege to care for—no cars or steam- ers to change—yet you see the foreign shores of Parry Sound, Can.—sail emong the 30,000 islands of Georgian Bay— | visit Buffalo, (Niagara Falls), Cleveland, | Detroit, Mackinac Island, Chicago—e Q000-mile cruise on the Four Great Lakes. = s o Sailings from Chicago every Tues- day :fi‘d Saturday during season. Call or write for the bautiful brochure— “In the Great Lakes Country,” at any R. R.Ticket Office or Tourist Agency—or W. H. BLACK, Traffic M. » Dul 'an’d Gu';mn Tramit €. : HOW. Ademe St o Chicago, Ml R e new knowledge as efficiently as in youth, | We have no authority now for saying “I Commerce Department Issues am too old to learn.” 5 : ‘The tendency of big business, whether | Warning as Safety Measure in or not Mr. Lewis is aware of it, is to e o maintain educational departments which Exhibitions, train the workers for new kinds of service whenever a new machine is to dispossess them from their old jobs. Those countries in which such provision is not made, those industries which as yet neglect to make it, are carrying old theories of education to a cruel but logical conclusion. They are neglecting | the better wisdom of the much-raaligned | machine age. Favors More Siudy. ‘Whether or not a young person should grow up quickly can be debated in very general or in very personal terms. As- suming that youth is much the same everywhere, I think we can get a better light on the problem by examining the young people we know than by setting up a metaphysical structure of “youth politics,” or whatever it is Mr. Lewis calls his bogy. Youth itself has always wished to grow up quickly, or at least has pretended to wish it. It was not the machine age which invented the ambition. Most of us in dealing with the boys and girls of our family or our acquaintance have chiefly worried over those who pretended to wish for mature independence, but who were unwilling to assume responsibility. Su far as I can discover in the record of literature, an- cient or modern, nothing has pleased a truly loving parent more than the spirit of initiative and the sense of responsi- bility in his children. Our affections, to be sure, sometimes stand in the way of the education which we are convinced would be best—we have sometimes wished to postpone for'the young that grappling with hard facts which by our own scars we know to be the price of mature independence, Yet the young- sters who thank us for this protection are rarely among the great ones of their generation. The problem of the elders will con- tinue to be, in a méchine or any other age, how to give the young enough pro- tection, but not too much, and how to keep youthful energies at their highest power without disclosing by compari- son our own middle-aged indolence, our comfortable and perhaps ungenerous formulas, our secret wish that since we have displaced our predecessors the pro- cession should now come to a halt and no one suggests that we move on. DR. HOWARD T0 BE FETED Cosmos Club Will Entertain En- tomology, Head Tomorrow. The Cosmos Club will be host at an informa! reception to Dr. L. O. Howard, in Florida. recently retired chief of the Bureau of . P Entomolégy, Derartment of Agricul- B e ture, at the clubhouse Monday night R s H - for all points Southeat. Dr. Howard will leav> this country for s & : France next month, to make his resi- To GALVESTON, ~TEXAS — Every Saturday. for all points West and dence there, after many years of serv- ice with the cepartment. Dr. Howard has b en & member of the Cosmos Club for the past 45 years, and has held various positions in the or- ganization. TOURS. | from BUEFALO A |792.M.ilc Lake Cruise sitin ( JPETROIT ST.IGNACE MACKINAC ISLAND | i | | | RETURN To the heart of Northern Mis . Phy!rvund and the West. ORCHESTRA, DANCING, DECK SPORTS, SOCIAL HOSTESS, AFTERNOON TEAS, BRIDGE. Far-fs cui- sine. Big, comfortable staterooms, each with hot and cold running water. Parlors with single or twin beds, tub and shower baths. LARGEST, finest ships and lowest ‘l es. TOURIST AUTOS CARRIED AT SPECIAL EIGHT RATE AND HALF FOR ROUND TRIP 1 ‘WHEN YOU GO VIA DaC TO | Pack your vacation days @/ with long-remembered hours! Mashie swing. ers . fly rod casters « « . saddle enthusiasts « + « Australian crawl- ers...tennis racke- teers . . . outboard engineers . . . sleeping- bag campers . . . have a wonderful time in the sparkling air of Michigan. As do those who just stroll around colorful hotel lobbies and verandas. 5,000 inland lakes and streams! 2,000 miles of delightful coast-linel Truly the playground of anation! Write for book- let and Travel Guide: EAST MICHIGAN TOURIST ASS'N, Box 373, Bay City, Mich. GO BY BOAT FOR LESS 3-hour lay-over in each direc- TS e and berth while on steamer. s‘-“‘f"‘; o 6o E. H. McCracke E - Daily Service: TROIT LEAVE6P. M., ES.T. DINNER DANCING ® Tickets and reservations from any R.R.end Tourist” agency, stopovers. Fast freight secv- ice. TOURIST, CARRIED SRR EIGHT RATE AND: HALF FOR ROUND TRIP. Baffalo Docks Fe. Main St;. Uptown Office 20 N. Division St. New York Office, 1912 Chanin Bldg. . the | summer cruises from Montreal through the PILOTS RESPONSIBLE IN PARACHUTE JUMPS| Responsibility for the safety of para- chute jumpers making exhibition jumps is placed on the shoulders of the pilots of the planes from which the leaps are made by the aeronautics branch of the Department of Commerce. In & warning | issued to all licensed pilots, Gilbert G. | Budwig, director of air regulation of the department, declared that the depart- ment will hold pllots responsible for all reasonable safety precautions. The pilot must ascertain the prior ex- perience, training and instruction of the jumper, refusinc to taze h'm into the air unless certain of his ability to make | safe descent. It s the responsibility | of the pilot to see that the jumper | wears two parachutes, both approved | by the Department of Commerce in accordance with parachute regulations Parachute jumping is clessed with acrobatic flying and pilots were warned | that it is prohibited over a congested | area of any city, over any open-air assembly of persons. over an established | civil airway, over any established airport | or landing field or from an altitude of | less than 1,500 feet. | ‘The warning was issued as a safety measure and is the result of loss of lives In the past as a result of in- adequate preparation, imprcper training or the taking of unwarranted chances, | the department announced. | Commissioned in Reserves. Richard B. Clayton, Chevy Chase, Md., has been commissioned by the War De- partment as a major in the Air Corps Reserves, and Herbert L. Armstrong. Bel Air. Md.. a major in the Veterirary Corps Rerserves. Nearly 6.400,000 gallons of ice cream were consumed in Australia in the last 12 months, this being an average of 0z gallon for every person. ' STEAMSHIPS. _ Newest, largest and most mag- | nificent steamers between the | North and South. Sailings from New York To MIAMI-Every Sat To JACKSONVILLE-Every Tuesdey, Thursday and Saturday, points Pacific Coast. TAKE YOUR CAR Low rates when accompanied. ALL-EXPENSE TOURS Economica] ali-expense Tours_from New York'-4 to 13 days, $40.50 up. Call or write for bookiet 793 Mills Bidg. Washington, D. C. or eny Authorized Tounst Agert Land Caribou NEWFOUNDLAND Where mountain, river, forest and stream unite in a scene of magnificent natural beanty. Delightful refreshiog salt air of the St. Lawrence to Newfoundland and Labrador by way of the | Gaspe coast. SEE SOMETHING DIFFERENT ON YOUR VACATION Inquire about two special all expense NEWFOUNDLAND craises from Washington on July 7th-August ith OBER’S | Steamship and Tourist Agency 1420 H Street, N.W. WASHINGTON, D. C. ® Want choice of rout: “Empre: 3OSTO AL Including meals and regular ORIENT @ Want the thrill of speed and size? Leading the great white Empress fleet is the new Empress of Japan, 2 000 gross tons, 39,000 tons displace- ment, Z3 knots speed . . . largest, fastest on Pacific. Empress of Canada go via Honolulu, connecting with San Francisco and Los Angeles sailings. Empress of Russia and Empress of Asiatake the Direct Express to Yokohama. Both routes from Vancouver (trains to ship’s ® Want every 1931 luxury?... with “talked-of” cuisine, “of-the-Orient” service? Take First Class. @ Want lower cost? Go in the new ultra-fine Tourist Cabin. OLow-cost Round TripSummerFares: “First” from $450; Tourist Cabin from $285. Information and reservations from your own agent, or Canadian Pacifie General Agent, C. E. Phelps, Iith and New York Ave. N.W., Washington, D. C., National 0755. STEAMSHIPS. The Washington School § Boys Teur to France ling July 4th on the S. S. Leviathan axpens: .00, few reserva« Teft. Call United States Lines or Colin Travel Bureau Washinzton, D. C. Make reservations now for July 4th week-end :ailings. NEW YORK BY SEA on a big, luxurious liner A delightful trip direct without change from Norfolk. Plenty of room for rest and enjoyment ... the ocean liners George Washington and Robert E. Lee now in service. Tasty food, broad decks, inviting lounges, airy staterooms. and stateroom berth on )15 Deluxe accommodations at slighdy increased cost. Through tickets issued for New England end Northera points. Sailings daily, except Sunday, at 7:30 P.M. (Eastern Standard Time) from Pier S, foot of Boissevain Avenue, Norfolk, Va. 01d Dominion Lill OF THE EASTERN STEAMSHIP LINES and up includes train fare, meals For tickets and reservations apply Norfolk & Washington Steamboat Co. 1123 5 . (Southern Blde.). Washington. D. C.. or D14 "Dominion Line, 150 Granby ' S(. e P THE ‘FRANCONIA™ enters Furness Dermuda Service ticns of luxury Best news of a increase in cost . Round Trip Rate Remains only 560 up George” sails S ations. apply any av Furness thorized leads the way to BERMUDA Empress of Japan and ide) and Victoria. Also Third Cabin. N BY SEA” ROUND TRIP $40 berth. For a restful and happy vacation take this ocean trip. . . 1400 miles of superb salt-water travel to Boston and return. Longer trips: Quebec, greatly reduced round trip fares to_Florida. Many prefer the south: ern trips because of longer time at_sea. Cool, invigorating, Montreal, White Mountains, Maine Nova Scotig, Niagara Falls, Hudson River...eaclincluding “Boston by 2 Sea”. . . are available through the INEXPENSIVE + DETROIT & BUFFALO— DETROIT & CLEVELAND — DETROIT, MACKINAC IS., ST. IGNACE & CHICAGO D & C NAVIGATION COMPANY ALL-EXPENSE TOURS AND -~ Ships open for public inspection on every Tuesday and Frida; from 12 noon to 3 P.M. Low automobile rates. Travel