Evening Star Newspaper, June 28, 1931, Page 26

THE SUNDAY STAR, ¢ . WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE 28, 1931—PART TWO.’ ~ GOLF SURVIVES DEPRESSION BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN. £ THE EVENING STAR! With Sunday Morning Edition. . WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........June 28, 1931 o “THEODORE W. NOYES. . .. Editor The Evening Star Newspaper Company usiness Office 11th 8t and Pennsylvanis Ave. New York Offce; 110 East d2nd ot Chicagn Office: Lake Michisan Bulldihe. European oficrxrl‘cfl ogent M., London; .. Rate by Carrier Within the City. e Brenine Biar .o 48 per month . d ha Sinday “ihen 4 Sundays) - *"60c per month The Evening end Sunday Star & et Bundays) o5 per month d e Sifection the ‘siid‘of ‘enc month in by mail or telephone ‘ollection Corders mey ‘NAtional 5000. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virgini t4 e | . $10.00; 1 mo., §3¢ | g::l :):’\ld\' g b4s l.flM Bunday only at 0 6: 1 mo- 40c All Other States and Canada. 1 junday...] yr., $12.00: 1 mo., $1.00 Bally Sfy Sunder:d 3 00 1 man Mise nday only ¥yr. $5.00; 1 mo., I Member of the Associated Press. | The Associated Press is exclusivel. o the use for republication of all patches cradited to it or not othe 2 nd also the local news eiiahed Forethe® ATEihES of pusfication of .apecial dispatches h lso reserved. " —— Tributes to Hoover. Twa widely known leaders in the ‘Democratic party, speaking to large audiences Friday night, gave their ap- proval to the plan of President Foover Jor a suspension of international debts for one year as a means of restoring economic stability in the world. Sena- for Pat Harrison, ranking Democratic ‘member of the Senate Finance Commit- t2e, after describing the conditions in ‘Germany which threatened a collapse | of that country financially and govern- mentally, sald of the President's pro- pot t was a fine stroke and a gracious and constructive move on the part of President Hoover.” Jouett Shouse, the chairman of the Executive Committee of the Democratic National Committee, declared it was gratifying to be able to commend “without hes lancy or reservation” the President's, proclamation, and added: “His position shows statesmanship, courage and de- fision.” These are gracious words, from Democrats who in the past have assailed the President and his adminis- | tration, and they do credit to lh‘; Americanism of both Senator Hnmmn‘ and Mr. Shouse. They have subordi- | nated their partisanship to support a | national proposal, designed mnot only to aid foreign nations in this economic erisis, but also to, give added confidence to business and greater employment to | jabor in the United States. It is not! to be expected that there will be no exceptions anlong the Democrats to the | praisz for the Hoover proposal. Indeed, k assaults upon the plan have come in | some quarters from Republicans at outs | with the administration. But the| American people generally and over- | whelmingly have given their mdoru-; ment to the debt suspension proposal. The country already is reacting favor- ably to the plan, although it is still finally to be agreed to by the nations. | Hope has arisen in a world which had | almost ceased to hope, and, more par- ticularly, confidence is being re-estab- | lished. ¢ | A Republican speaker, James L. West, director of publicity for the Republican National Committee, in a radio address last night, also gave praise to the Presi- dent for his debt-suspension proposal. His address was laudatory of Mr. Hoo- ver's conduct since he has been Chief Executive, and his reference to the debt- suspension-proposal had a comparatively small place in the address. But because Mr. West is director of publicity of the Republican National Committee, the sug- gestion is advanced that the G. O. P. is seeking to play politics with the debt- suspension proposal, to gain some ad- vantage. The Republicans might an- swer that President Hoover's leadership h this matter speaks for itself, that any effect. 1t may have politically cannot be halted by the mere absence of favorable comment upon it by Republicans. They might say. too, that if leading Democrats are at liberty to praise the President for his proposal, certainly Re- publicans also have such right. How- ever, it is also clear that if party leaders in the G. O. P. undertake to make capi- fal out of the President’s plan, while the President is urging that it be con- sidered not from a partisan standpoint But from a national standpoint, with the Backing of Democrats as well as Repub- | licans, these party leaders will lay them- selves open to criticism. By their speeches they cannot add to or detract | from the credit due to the President in this case. That is a matter of which the whole country will take care. —————— indeed, | ‘Washington base ball fans are be-; toming adept mathematicians in figur- | ing the relative percentages of the Senators and the Athletics as those two {eams hbattle for supremacy ac short range. ——— No one can. really blame the profit takers who from time to time halt the advance in stock prices. They have hac a long, long fast and a little sus- teng’ice is coming to them. e ro— Chymical Warfare in Racketeertng. New York police are starting war on racketeers who have been muleting various business interests of great sums of money. One of the most pernicious rackets is that on the quilt manufac- turers, who number upwards of seventy in that city. The favorite weapon of attack by the racketeers against the quilt makers has been a squirt gun, and a man has now been arrested as the wielder of this strenge implement of of- fense. The method employed has been to stick the nozzle of the squirt gun through a keyhole or a letter flap in a door of the factory and project into the wareroom or workshop a stream of & new synthetic chemical which, accord-! ing to one report, “‘combines the scents of & Chinese fishing village on a hot august afternoon and of a ‘burning rubber factory.” ‘The evaporation of this chemical causes an almost asphyxi- ating gas, which persists for days and penetrates all absorbent materials such | s those used in the manufacture of quilts, so that they are virtually ruined. The odor even makes its way throughi thick paper boxes into the stuff con- tained in them Said one manufac- turer in respect to this horrible reagent: *We have tried to fight it with mustard sad smoenia, we have drowned the . | of the marketable evidences of wealth. 1400 indictments were awaiting trial. place in pntiseptics, we have burned lmemuduwfil'eal.vemvemnw the place knee deep in perfumes— nothing does any good. Even to- day, more than two weeks after the event, when we open & box of any- thing, we are driven out of the place. 1f we close the windows for a few min- utes because of the rain we have to rush out gasping for air.” The man who handled the squirt gun and drenched with nauseous and de- structive gas the premises of the quilt manufacturer who refused to pay heavily ' for “protection” ard whose workers refused to pay twenty per cent | of their wages, is, of course, only the agent of the rea] racketeer. -The latter is the man the police are after. They | hope that the fellow now held will give information that will lead to the break- ing up of the racket. As a rule, how- ever, these gangster subordinates say nothing, yield nothing. They know that if they “squeal” they will be put on the spot, as the phrase goes. Police Commissioner Mulrooney is training & squad of picked men for spe- oial duty in the pursuit of the rack- etecrs. They are to co-operate with the - business men and perhaps, it is intimated, they will do as recently did Federal agents who ran down the Ca- pone gang, and join the rackets in or- der to get on the inside. They will, of course, be taking their lives in their hands, but that is the risk that police- men run nowadays in line of duty, whether in uniform or otherwise. o Seven Billion Dollars Richer. It has been computed that no less than seven billion dollars have been added to the security wealth of the | American people during the past week, as a result of the stock market advance which ensued upon President Hoover's announcement of a plan for the relief of the foreign governments. That is to say, the prices quoted on the ex- charnge, multiplied by the number of outstanding shares in the corporations and enterprises the securities of which are dealt in on exchange, yield a fig- ure seven billion dollars larger than before the announcement. This, how- ever, is only & “paper valuation," a de- cidedly fluetuating figure. There is actually no more wealth now than there was a week ago, only a larger rating i The most valuable result of the re- action induced by the President's an- nouncement of & plan to effect a year's moratorium on international debts is the spread of a better feeling regarding the return of prosperity to the country, the revival of business and the re-em- ployment of the people. Optimism respecting the stock quotations is of itself not a helpful feeling. But opti- mism regarding the restoration of nor- mal business activity is a factor in the return of “good times. It has been accepted for some time that fundamental and enduring pros- perity will not return to this country until better times prevail in other lands. The debt moratorium proposal has been regarded here as designed to ease the economic rather than the political eon- ditions in Europe, Probably Wall Street did not stop to differentiate when the “moratorium reaction” sct in a week ago yesterday. Perhaps what happened was that everybody felt that any change would be for the better, for Europe as well as for the United States. At any rate, the reaction came and it persisted against occasional spells of profit-taking, and at the end of a week and a day the general level of prices was up an average of more than ten points for all stocks, and the week closed with a buying mood prevailing. ‘The man in the street, especially the man who is out of a job, will do no figuring on stock averages or market levels, but will want to know what this change signifies for him, whether it means a restoration of his salary to the point from which it was cut, or the restoration of his joh. He has no stocks. Perhaps he had some and | lost them in the great slump. He has | no money with which to buy stocks, even if he were not market shy. There is no means of telling how far the “public” has got into the market in the course of this recent reaction. The volume of sales has been large, on one of the days during the past week going beyond the five-million mark. That fact suggests that the non-professionals scattered throughout the country have been “buying for the ise.” The hope is that they will not multiply in e speculative stampede. There is no economic health in such movements and activities. A rush of the ticker beyond the point of real- value quotations, the point of earning value immediately or surely prospective, would be an invitation to repeated | disaster. | ' S Now it is “Death Valley Scotty” who is trying to crash the publicity gate | with an attempt to break the trans- continental fiying record. He must do | something to get back on the wires. | iy Failures of Justice Through Delays. | Numerous causes are attiibuted to the delays in the American courts whick.! effect the failure of justice in this coun- | try. Crowded calendars, slow trials, the jundue protraction and duplication of testimony, and, in the case of convic-| tion in criminal cases, appeals, Te-: versals, repeated trials and renewed 2p- | peals, all are factors in this lamentable condition. Joab H. Banten, who for seven years was district attorney for New York County, writing in “The; Panel,” a bi-monthly periodical “devoted | to the exchange of views of public-offi- cials and citizens in the effort to pre- vent crime and secure the true admin- istration of justice,” published by the Association of Grand Jurors of New York, points to a factor contributive to delay which, while it may not oceur so frequently in other jurisdictions, is a sinister element in the metropolitan area. Urging that the justices of the! appellate division of the Supreme Court should be given power to formulate rules | for each court in their department, he says: g One cause of delay in the criminal courts is that there is no limitation upon the number of cases that may be held for a given lawyer. For a period during my term of office as district at- torney, a single attorney represented the defendants in ten per cent of the in- dictments pending. At that time sowe requires’ about 75 indictments assigned to a part of general sessions to keep that part busy. It is easy to see that this one attorney could block the effec- tive administration of -justice in the court of general sessions. In the su-| preme court the rules provide that no 14 more than three on the civil cal« endar shall be held for any one attor- . ‘The same rule should prevail in the criminal courts. This concentration of numbers of criminal cases is a condition of long | standing in New York. Certain attor- neys become known as successful Fan- dlers of the defense. They are not es- peclally skilled in the law or in court room technique, but they are adepts in “stalling. They.manage the cal- endars cleverly, secure postponements and delays, using their own multiple engagements as exeuses. The late Alraham Hummel was for a long time one of the best at this line of business, and many an indictment was nolle ! prossed or canceled for lack of prose- cution as a result of his adroit tactics. It used to be said that Hummel had influence with both prosecuting officers and judges to effect delays. It is, of course, to the interest of the person accused of criminal offense to postpone trial as long as possible, De- lay means always the weakening of the prosecution through the less of wit- nesses. A case that comes up promptly after indictment is more likely to re- sult in convietion than one that is de- layed for a year or two. And such de- ays are not uncommeon in the crowded courts of New York and other large cities where the calendars are often on an average eight or nine months behind. —— e A dispatch from England tells how @ complete suit of all-wool clothes was manufactured in four hours from the time the fleece was growing on the sheeps' backs. Many have had suits that might easily have been similar record-breakers, but for the fact that the wool Ingredient was somewhat doubtful. ———— et This is the time of year when the newspapers agre full of pictures of grad- uating eclasses from various nurses’ schools, the members of which all look like perfect peaches; also the time when a man wonders why, when he gets sick, he never by any chance draws one of them. ——————————— Admiral Byrd will go to Mount Desert Island following the close of his lecture tour, The daring and popular seaman will doubtless have no troubles there with. frigidity, but many a Summer resident in that section has found the ice even thicker than Byrd found it at the Poles. ——— e A rare ant, one that holds and utilizes slaves, first found in the District thirty- five years ago and since then never seen, has just been rediscovered. The trauble probably was that the scientists did not know where to search. They should have followed every possikle pienic party. e “Saint Elizabeth's Hospital Alumnae Hold Reunion” ran a recent headline. Such an item of news would be likely to puzzle most Washingtonians until they discovered by the date line that! the story referred to a Massachusetts institution. e — It is getting so that it is hard to arouse any concern over prospective British cabinet erises. Some day the ministry will get bumped off and every- body will be taken by surprise despite the long anticipation. ——— ‘There might be something in a name, at that. Notice how often the Butler boys—Nicholas Murray and Smedley D.— make the front page. e &% Pennsylvania has chosen the ruffed grouse as her official State bird. For Illinois capon is suggested. —— SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Machinery. An engine has a bell to ring, A whistle, too, to blow; Their noises never do a thing ‘To make the engine go. ‘They're only useful now and then To make some loiterer heed A proper sense of danger when ‘The engine wants to speed. And yet some people go so far In liking boisterous fum; ‘They think the bell and whistle are What makes the engine run. Disinterestedness. “Are you sure that your career has been distinguished by unselfishness?” “I am,” replied Senator Sorghum. T've worried mysel! into brain-fag over the people in Europe, not one of whom | could come out and vote for me even if T offered to pay his expenses.” Jud Tunkins says motion pictures ap- peal to him because the audience is not expected to applaud and call the actors out to spoll the effect of a good scene. Woe of Summer Travel, Since daylight saving hit the earth I've used my mind for all I'm worth; Yet strive and study as I may, I cannot tell the time of day. "Concentration, “Josh says he's going to be an avia- tor.” “Maybe itll be good for him,” re- plied Farmer Corntossel. “Aviation is one thing that'll make a boy keep his mind on his work for hours at a stretch.” Practical Interchange. “A soft answer turneth y wrath,” remarked the expert in quotations. ““True,” replied Mr. Dustin Stax, “but in regular business a soft answer isn't as valuable as a hard bargain.” Minds and Speeches. We hongr men of frankness great. We are rejoiced to find The man who does not hesitate In speaking of his mind. Yet thoughtfulness should still prepare Each utterance that we seek. ‘We prize the man who shows due care In minding of his speech. “Some men,” said Uncle Eben, “is so | selfish dat dey'd be willin' to let de whole country suffer fram drought rather (han take a chance on a shower spoilin’ deir own little picnie.” ——ro——— Professor Needs Learn From the Dallas Journal. Columbia professor wants to make mnrmrmdlaeun. Does the man think it is easy now? STRANGE VOICES B S A e BY THE RIGHT REV. JAMES “They know not the voice of strangers."—St. John, z.5. In the many descriptive titles that Jesus used concerning Himself, that of “The Good Shepherd” is cne of the most appealing. It presents an intimate icture of the relation He bears to His k. In the course of 1t He makes clear the control the shepherd has over his sheep by reason of his close relation with them, and the control he exercises by reason of his accepted authority. Over against this He sets the failure of those who are alien to the flock, whose strange and unfamiliar voice the sheep refuse to beed. “A stranger will they not follow, for they know not the voice of strangers,” is His declaration. What He says is suggestive of the ex- rience that is common to all of us. very pericd is characterized by true shepherds and false. Voices of one kind and another vociferously contend for a recognition of their theories and their claims for adherence to their pronounce- ments. The voices of strange shepherds have been conspicuous the world over in recent years. It may be that the Gredt ‘War gave them freshened opportunity theories. Mr. Linicoln once said, “'You can fool all of the people some of the time, and some of the people all of the time, but you cannot fool all of the people all of the time,” which implies that sconer or later we come to distin- guish between that which is true and that which is false. Strange voices are heard today that bear upon many questioins and many situations. The voices of thase who would change the whols eharacter cf our domestic life are voluble and in- sistent. They tell us that domestic felicity and all the disciplines and prac- | tices of home life lhl? secure its in- tegrity, are quite unnecessary and too restrictive, ey contend that marital cbligations are to be lightly esteemed and that for convenience these ties are to be made apd broken according to the caprice of those who assume them. Ac- to purvey their specious and dubious | se, E. FREEMAN, D. D, LL, D, Bishop of Washington. 1o essential place, and the responsibility for the nurture and upbringing of the children of the home I no preeise obligation upon parenthood. Marriage is only an experiment, and to be so re- garded. As for the sanctity of the home, it is an iridescent dream. hfifi(en;‘tnng& voices -femlllurddm\: challes e propriel an e cencles o?‘ soeial life. They hold that there are no restraints to be recognized in social intercourse, and that for the dig?;a and decency of otherul;::‘l’lllfl; 1] we _may enjoy & Yy an icense that no fi'mw’ ryulrlcu. and that disregards all amenities and proprieties. To them the Vietorian period is anathema, its uses and customs are but the vestiges of an obsolete and aban- doned practice, For the youth they ad- vocate “self-expression,” a self-expres- sion that places no restraint uj in- dulgence and gives free rein to sions. The order and decorum promotes to their thinking is quite foreign to the exercise of their freed lom. Yet another strange voice, and a con- spicuous one, is heard pronouncing that religious faith and have no es- ntial place in our modern, care-free life. All moral and ethical II‘IDM are clal usage, a that flneu-n{. in word and act, the of today. One of these voices declares that ;:I:A 1‘.‘;&'“ modernity have eaten into are speaking to us today. Charlatanism iz almost becoming an art, and in our search for that which is strikingly new and ‘“up-to-date we are frequently listening to voices that would take from us those indispensable things that make for cur security and peace. We cannot but helieve that presently we shall wit- ness a reaction from all these tendencies that are designed, not only to unsettle our faith, but to rob us of those things are essential to wholesome and cording to their standard, chastity has that satisfactory living. American Income Taxes May Be Raised If Foreign Debts Are Lessened BY WILLIAM HARD. | That German reparations may pres- | ently be permaiently diminished and | that thereupon the American income- | tax rate will have to be raised are con- | clflnom reached by widening circles of official as well as unofficial observers in Washington at this week end. The impelling reasons are found in the motives and in the aftérmaths of the American move for the 12-month postponement, of reparations to the al- fes ‘and of debts by the allies to the United States Government. The motives of the move were closely assoclated with the potential injury (o American capital from impending Ger- | man economic collapse. American cap- ital has risked itself in Germany to the extent of more than one billion dollars | in German central government and lo- cal government securities and similar documents of indebtedness. It has addi- tionally risked itself to the extent of | approximately one-quarter of a billion | of dollars’ worth of German industrial | |plants. The total of long-term fixed | | American investment in Germany is| | probably in excess of one billion five | thousand dollars at this e | ‘There is also quite a large amount {of further American money in Germany jon a short-term basis in connection, for instance, with the daily operations of ' l(}ermnn banks. | Last week it was gravely feared that ' instability in Germany might ultimately | result in an incapacity by Germany to | meets its obligations to its American | private creditors. These creditors were | thereupon considerably frightened and | | were driven inlo a deepened psycholog- | ical depression regarding business affairs | everywhere, including the United States. | Specifically, they became increasingly | | indisposed to uncertake new financial adventures for the restoration of pros- | perity on this side of the Atlantic. The | German danger diverted them from American activity. . The move of the American Govern- ment for the temporary rescue of Ger- many from reparations was dictated, in large part, by a desire to restore courage to American capital for operations in its own country. In other words, it was an act designed to put a check upon reparations in order to facilitate Ger- man private payments to private cred- itors in the American financial world. * % This is the root out of which it be- gins to seem possible, and even prob- able, that further checks upon repara- tions will presently grow. Germany owes the world annuaily two sorts of pay- ments. One is reparations to foreign governmental treasuries. The other is interest and the like to foreign private pocketbooks. Today these two burdens upon Germany are coming to be of ap- proximately equal extent. Germany in our next fiscal year will | owe some $380.000,000 in reparations to the governmental treasuries of the al- lied powers. Simultaneously it will owe some $360,000,000 to foreign private credito) American, British, nch, | Dutch and others. It is to be at this point most care- fully noted that there is no question of any postponement of payments to the foreign private creditors of Germany through any voluntary action by them. They come forward with no suggestion whatsoever for any “moratorium” in the private business field. On the contrary, they make it perfectly clear that unless they get their money regularly and punctually they will withdraw from all further financing of Germany. * ¥ K X But Germany critically needs further { hundred moment. | President. financing. It is its one hope of really complete emergence from its present difficulties. It is similarly the one hope of the world for making it pos- sible that the German prop of the worldewide economic structure shall again stand strongly. That is the basic cause of the world's present willingness to abate reparations, in some degree, in order that Germany's payments to its private creditors abroad may continue. Private foreign capital in Germany, whether of American or of British or of any other nationality, is being given a priority over the public foreign treas- uries to which Germany owes its repa- rations obligations. Public debts are getting rolled out of the path of pri~ vate debts. * ¥ kX ‘That tendency, it is increasingly be- lieved here, will get broadened and strengthened with coming develop- ments. Those developments are alre foreshadowed by the extension of $100,000,000 of ummruy credit to the by German Central the Bank of England, the Bank of France, the Bank for Interna Settlements and the Federal Reserye banks of the United States. ‘The effory will now ensue to finance Germany, not merely temporarily, but on a long-term basis. That was one of the projects most earnestly pro- moted by Montagu Norman, governor of the Bank of England, during his recent visit to this country. The with- drawals of forelgn short-term credit from juring the first part of this month constituted one of the severest blows then dealt to German economic_and political successful sur- vival. The step now contemplated is to buttress that survival with foreign long-term abiding capital. * %k X ¥ It will then presently transpire that Germ:any, instead of merely owing almost as much annually in private debts as it owes in reparations, will owe more—and ultimately much more. It will then be utterly unable to pay its private debts and tions both. ‘The pressure then for reducing of Shialae wona ‘win | \ oratorit jau ically frresistible, even — finally — in France itself. That expectation s held here privately, but firmly, by gov- ermmental economic authoritles who concern themselves most especially with world finance. But when reparations get thus ir- resistibly reduced by the necessities of the world-wide capitalistic investment system the allied powers inevitably will take to dispatching notes to Washing- ton, as follows: * ok * ¥ “In further reference to the commu- nications between the United States Government and European governments 10 years ago in 1931 regal a post- ponement of reparations in connection with a corresponding postponement of the debts of European governments to the United States Government, we have sorrow in informing the United States Government that the financial condition of Germany, which has gravely impaired its political stability and which has drawn upon it the threatening clouds of possible storms of Bolshevism, now renders it neces- sary to diminish German r ations by 50 per cent and to notify the United States Government, in accordance with the precedent of 1931, that a corre- sponding reduction in the debts of European governments to the United States Government will be sought.” * % % ¥ Our Government will then entirely truthfully deny that it ever admitted any actual enduring connection be- tween reparations and debts: but, pre- cisely a$ at present, it will make con- cessions to the allied powers for the purpose of helping Germany just as soon as the Germans show themselves likely to fail in meeting their obliga- | tions to American private investors. This process, in the view of the most far-sighted economic specialists here, is beyond the personal control of any It lies in the very nature of private economic investment develop- ment on the modern world-wide scale. The present President is thought by these specialists to be wholly sincere in repudiating all personal thought of any permanent diminution of allled debts to the United States Treasury. They think at the same time that Sena- tor Johnson of California ‘is entirely accurate, from the economic point of view, ;’1‘ n:mclpatlng such a diminution as a direct coming uence of ex- isting trends. o * % % X With the lowering of American 'neuur{'" income from foreign sources, the raising of further income tax reve- nue on behalf of the Treasury from American sources will become an in- stant political problem. The dominant argument will be that Ameriéan busi- ness can better afford to pay more taxes at home than to lose the income from its colossal investments abroad. That will most certainly be & new American era. Britain Greatly Buoyed By Hoover’s Proposition BY A. G. GARDINER. LONDON, June 27.—Europe, perhaps excluding France, has had the most ex- hilarating week for the r.n seven days that it has experienced for two years, if not since the war. President Hoover's wine has gone to fts head and, though the first rapturous effect is now passing off, hopes are still running high that an immediate crisis has been averted and that permanent results are possible. Fears in to the French attitude are moderating, in view of Secretary Mellon’s visit to Paris, the noticeable change in f the pected that the French proposal in re- ,lrd to reparations wiil be accepted in ts present form, but confidence pre- vails here that an agreement will be reached during the coming week. * xox Meanwhile, the immediate emergency in Germany is being met by an interna- tional loan of £70.000,000 arranged be- tween the "Inited States Federal e Bank, the Bank of France, the Bank of\England and the Bank for Interna- tional Settlements. This will enable Germany to meet her midyear Settle- ments, but the situation is still perilous, with gold and foreign currency reserves of the Reichsbank still hovering dan- gerously near the statutory limit of 40 per cent of its banknote circulate. It was the withdrawal of foreign loans or deposits on a stupendous scale which provoked the German crisis last week and, though flight from the mark was ‘ct‘fikfid Ia:ht.he d:xllmmi:‘ b{h t.hg.l Hoover ni ve, T e situation has not been wholly removed. * ok ok ¥ The unanimity and warmth with ier MacDonals while the most important event since the war, is not a solution for the problem which confronts the world, but provides a breathing space dun:fl which ‘m‘:l““"" m’:y be devised. responsibl> journals agree that moratorium is not a poliey but an ex- pedient and that it is impossible to Satua o ante ‘cadve " resumed, 8 _quo. ante can France’s insistence on the psyment of . Capital Sidelights BY WILL P, KENNEDY, During these quiet Summer days the few members of Congress who are strolling about the marble corridors or [ in chatty groups under elec- tric fans have been enlivening their conversation by talk of the countless encounters, “man to man,” g es e have participated. In reeen{’“:eln we have witnessed a number of verbal lambastings, fistic encounters and vituperative denuncia- tions in the legislative chamber, in committee rooms, and wherever hot- headed antagenists have met. The younger men in Congress have been magnifying these encounters and raak- ing small scrimmages appear as great historic events. Those more experienced in legislative lore and who have delyed into the records find that altercations in recent years, while not overly eredit- nhhu:mg:mc\unu.dnnotm lligerency mark of 50 to 100 years ago. Research shows that in our ‘“great national arena” at Washington such weapons as pistols, knives, sticks, swords, fists and spittoons have been nuduw help settle congressional argu- ments. About a century ago, when Andrew ashington one Reul , Whitney assist as a contributo? in the Globe, antecedent of the Coni Record, o moned as a witne committee appointed to in te the adminis- "m:u l“t‘:‘m nd we ;rum:l: g o af al WAS fore the bar of the House for contempt. ‘Whitney’s excuse was that he could not attend the meeting of the committee for fear of his life from violence of the members. Representative Peytop of Tennessee, & member of the committee, as it appeared from the evidence, had taken offense at an answer from Mr. tney and unleashed his temper dur- ession of the committee in these “Mr. Chalrman, I wish you would inform this witness that he is not ‘to_insult me in his answers. If he does, I will take his life on the spot.” ‘The witness claimed the protection of the committee, on which Mr. Peyton ex- claimed: “You shan't speak, you shan't say one word while you are in this room. U!ouda!w\llw!m'lodn % 'ds. eyes are on me; he is he shan't do it; he shan't . These exclamations were accompanied by violent cursing and swearing. Mr. Wise admitted that he was armed with deadly weapons and said: “I watched the motion of the right arm of the witness; elbow could be seen by me, and had he moyed one inch he would have died on the spot. THis was my determination.” Such scenes were common in those early days in the Halls of Congress, which acquired the nickname of “The Bear Garden.” * ¥ ¥ ¥ An attempt was made on January 29, 1836, to assassinate Gen. Jackson, | on the portico of the Capitol, at a fu- neral ceremony, by Richard Lawrence, a painter by trade and a resident of Washington. He exploded two caps on his pistols in the attempt. The pistols were later found to be well loaded, and Jackson's escape was considered mirac- ulous. ~The would-be assassin was knocked down and taken into custody. Gen. Jackson always insisted that this attempt on his life was made at the instigation of some friends of the bank. ‘Two years prior to this Gen. Jackson had been assaulted while sitting down reading & newspaper on a boat at Alex- andria, but the friends of the assailant succeeded in getting him out of the way, * %ok For many years several famous duel- ing grounds existed in the neighbor- hood of the Capitol, one of the most historic being ““The Field of Honor” at Bladensburg, In February, 1838, Rep- resentative Cilley of Maine charged in a speech in the House that James Wat- son Webb, editor of the New York Courfer and Inquirer, had received a bribe of $52,000 from the Bank of the United States. Representative Graves in this| the of Kentucky took up Webb's quarrely and HMenry A. Wise took his challenge to Cilley. Gen. George W. Jones was Cilley’s second and Bladensburg was the place and rifles were the weapons. The rifles rang out and both missed. The challenge was withdrawn to give opportunity for reconciliation. The at- tempt failed and the principals again took position, Wise remarking that if the matter was not terminated by that fire he would proflpau to shorten the distance. The rifles rang again and Cilley fell dead. * ok ok % Henry A. Wise, the Ajax in these scenes, struck Representative Stanley from North Carolina a blow at the race course. Stanley demanded the usual “satisfaction.”” ‘The demand was with- drawn for explanation. Wise explained that “understanding Stanley came in collision with him unintentionally near the race course, he deemed it to be his duty as a gentleman to say that the blow inflicted by him on Stanley, through a sudden impulse, induced by erroneous impression, demanded his profound regret.” Stanley's friends told him he was bound to accept the ex- planation—which he did. ———— Business On Its Way. From the Des Moines Tribune-Capital. Somel had better install a repair shop nmt North Pole before the Nautilus arrives. Pleasing Prospect. From the Uniontown, Pa., Morning Herald. California is tearing down 100,000 road signs and evmtu:gyt it may be st. possible to see America reparations and the bitterness of Na- tionalist attacks on Briand and Hoover are based on the perception of this fact. But opinion here is solid that the vir- tue of the Hoover scheme is to provide the time and nity for drastic re- vision of war debts and reparations set- tlements. Without this the situation at the end will inevitably be worse than it is now. 2 * x x ok Most Liberai and Labor opinion fa- vors cancellation of debts and tariffs as the only complete cure for the world’s ailments, but it is assumed that this heroic roncy is unattainable as vet, though it is agreed that if the ef- Tect of the present move on world con- ditions is favorable, a bolder measure will be possible. It is agreed that the feeling of confidénce created by Hoo- ver's action should be directed prompt- ly to devising s constructive policy to meet the situstion at the end of the year's moratorium, and em| is laid on the remarkable evidence furnished this week of the power of collaboration by London and Washington. * Kk ok ok n is made in many t the question of cancella- tergovernmental debts be ‘The quarters tion of linked up with the question of disarma. ment, which, in view of the Geneva conference next February, is now ap- proaching a critical stage. Hoover's insistence inf A business depression does not dis- eo‘mo the American golfer. Infor- mat gleaned by inquisitive govern- encies at Washington leads to that the game thrives “gari; por&‘ ot this indicate ly re) Jor year tmtmpummmemmvlflm“ ne vate. w_that while in the year of 1029 there were 4,686,000 golfers, in 1930, many as the worst year in their experi- ence from the point of view of R risen 101397080, 1t i conidensly risen ,000. ly predicte 'd that when the figures for 1931 | ped are in' they will show a total of 2,000,- 000 golfers. Many golf clubs have been in finan- cial difficulties, but one rarely hears of the abandonment of such an ente; A Many thousand members of golf and eountry clubs are posted for dues, but the game goes on. Some clubs have warped their rules into extensions of time for delinquent mcmbers because nearly every one is in the same boat. Ssme goes on. e # : The Bureau of Fore Dom Commerce has o ™ there are 5,648 golf clubs where golf is played in the United States and 554 munll’cl;fl courses, main- Bank of | 4 'flfllfl-m one can cipate. New York leads all others in the number of golf courses with a total of 498. Most of these are clustered around New York City, adjacent to the large suburban towns which have grown | up on the periphery of the metropolis. Illinois stands next. This sugg:sts with good reason that golf, although requir- ing large open spaces, is a city man’s game, That most of the golf course should be found in the environs of the largest cities is natural. The desirs of the city man, whose vacation makes it impossible for him to see the green country constantly, is for a breath of the open along with his exercise and Oalifornia stands third in number of 8olf clubs, with 325. The great m::mpI olis of Los Angeles accounts for many of these, but the fact that California is & holiday State counts for muck So many people go te California for pleas- ure and s0 many elderly persons settle there in retirement that a numerous golf population is inevitable. Farmers Play Golf. Florida, although also & holiday State, comes nowhere near the Golden Gate State as a golf center. It reports but Y case re is one cutstanding which tends to reverse the idea of goif’s being purely a city man's game and one found in pleasure resorts. It is furnished by Iowa, perhaps the most typical farm State in the Union. With no very large cities, with farming the chief industry and schemes for farm relief one of the leading topics of interest, the Com- monwealth, nevertheless, has 208 golf ourses. 'Xas, another ouuun&:. farm State, has 323 courses, but Texas has populous cities and, anyway, is so large that one naturally expects to find record figures there. = It is interesting to note how the sport varies in popularity. Kentucky is a large and dpopulous State, with topo- gnvhle and climatic conditions perfect or golf, And yet the entire State shows but 60 courses. Perhaps Kentuckians feel that it is a waste of bluegrass to use it for greens and fairways when it might pasture blooded horses. If it were practicable to graze race horses on golf links, Kentucky doubtless would have a ‘While member: of golf and eountry clubs have, in many cases, been com- to let their dues fall in arrears, are continuing to BT o it n e sold. They had a value of u.du.:zfl'l. For the same period 2,649,063 golf sticks were manufactured and valued <t by [98,034,5v4. an wne ways when only the elect played golf, every golfer had & bag. The figures on manufacture and sale of golf bags show that only about one-quarter of the players is so equip- now. Players on mupicipal courses and many members of clubs have cut down the number of sticks they use to two or three. It used to be the practice for a golfer to tote around a whole grove of golf sticks. He had to have & special stick for every emergency which might conceivably arise. There ‘were more different kinds of golf sticks than tools a plumber forgets. That phase, apparently, has passed and some fsrs have shown themselves suf- iently intrepid to essay the course with a le iron. But, whether the golfer ca ecaravan to load down a the game goes or only one stick, on. Golf and tennis are the fastest- B Saines show " increased partciie: games w - tion in depressed times, because so many people have nothing else to do, but golf is picking up more recruits than any other pestime. Miniature Golf Declining. Taking in various kinds of para- phernalia, it is found that golf goods to the value of $17,008753 are pur- chased in a singie year. This does not include all the plus fours, | Time was when these roomy garments indicated the golfer, but no more. They are affcted by horse trainers, dentists, | dancing masters, real estate and in- | surance salesmen, after-dinner speakers | and vagrants. For base ball parapher- _ nalia the American people spend only | $5.793,632 in a year. fishing tackle costs more money equipment of base ball, the yearly ex- pense being $8.572.602. This figure does not include fish purchased on the way home. That statistic is classi- fied elsewhere. The American people have $693,000,- 000 invested in their golf courses. That is the value of land and buildings. It costs about $9,000,000 a year to mow the grass, replace divots and otherwise care for these premises. o] ‘The miniature golf business is not so healthy as it was a year ago, although by no means wholly passe. In fact, the demand of miniature golfers is largely responsible for the increased sale of putters. It is expected that 1931 will show the total golf stick sales 10 be in the neighborhood of 3,300.000, :i!h putters making up the largest em. The investment in miniature golf courses is set at $325,000,000. This seems very high in view of the recent fdpuhmy of the miniature game, but t must be borne in mind that minia- ture golf courses are located in the heart of cities. The city lot on which a miniature course is laid out may be valued at a higher figure than a thou- sand-acre course in the country. The value of bulldings in which the indoor courses are housed runs the total up. It does not seem likely, however, that this investment will continue to be de- voted to the miniature game for as long | :I!tl‘nh: as the country club investments | Indeed, it is reported that there re- | cently appeared on a miniature course | & sign reading “Opened by Mistake.” however. Fifty Years Ago In The Star Washington was watching with in- terest the proq'rlenhon the work at the ashington Monument Monument haif o a.f:mu"mm "fi‘, : apeculating on the leng Growing. of time that would be re- quired for its completion. The Star of June 21, 1881, says: “Today this imposing-lookin; rapidly growing structure reached a height of exactly 200 feet. Of this ele- vation about 30 feet have been added since work began upon it last Spring. It is thought that not less than 30 feet and possibly as much as 45 feet more will be added before operations are suspended next Winter. The latter figure can easily be reached, with fair weather and no bad luck, if the marble is furnished rapidly enmough. That it will be is by no means certain, however, s it is not always supplied as fast as the workmen can handle it, with the new and improved mackinery for hoist- ing, etc., now in use. Each course con- sists of a layer of stone precisely two feet thick, which is to be the thickness of all the courses from the foundation to the top. The stones are not, how- ever, all of one length or breadth. They vary in these dimensions in order to ‘break joints’ and ‘bind’ the work as firmly as possible; but they are all as long and wide as they can be procured, 23 the more massive the gtone the more secure and lasting the stfucture will be. ‘The ultimate height of the Monument is to be 550 feet, which will make it considerably the highest artificial ob- ject in the world at the present time, and the highest, it is believed, ever con- structed by man. It is thought that the whole shaft will be completed in three years more time.” k This estimate of the time necessary for the completion of the Monument proved to be sound, for the shaft was dedicated on the 22d of February, 1885. * * % The recent unveiling in the Capitol 6t the statue of Jefferson Davis gives N articular interest Jefferson Davis Lo the following i i nted - in The asa Historian. BEOT %) 1600 “Mr. Jefferson Davis is paying the penalty of writing a book. The eritics are tearing his ‘history’ to tatters, and the severest comments upon his work come from the ex-Confederates. The Southern side of the war is being fought over again on paper in consequence of Mr. Davis' strictures upon some of the leading generals on that side. The pas- slons engendered by the rebellion have 50 far died out that the people of the country now feel interested in getting at the truth of history, and it is only in this light that the Davis book and tha controversies over it attract atten- tion, Confederate official records were very incomplete, and it is only from the papers held by and the recollections of the chief actars on that side that the missing links can be supplied. The honor of having been ‘Lee’s favorite general' has been awarded to per! no less than a score of men who fought under the rebel commander. It has been easy to claim distinction as a Confederate and to assert the claim for gxe reason that there were no records | Lines had hoj ents and commands to either establish or refute it, as is the case with the Union Army.” * % “The Bell telephone is not to be ‘wmuch longer in the cnls:nymenz ?'!‘“‘ Bell Phone The Star n ‘Has Rival, (881, “if & new L ing very simple, consisting of nothing conference, the present is unfavorable. native constructive action along these lines is the restoration at the end of the moratorium of the French policy, which, triumphant ever since the war, has reduced to the present crisis, lent Hoover's, action has now averted, - (Copyright, 19010 wwiw more than mmtm usually em- ployed in m application of elec- tricity—a battery connected with an in- duction ceil. The receiver is one of the extremities of the telegraph wire, com- ing from the inducticn eoil. The Dol- mtion has bear inve: been tested with highly setisfactory results, showing % it works over long lines wire !Despite Trials, American |Merchant Marine Grows BY HARDEN COLFAX. Conferences this weex between own- ers of the United States Lines and members of the Shipping Board seem to have disposed of persistent rumors thet the board might take back for Government operation the Leviathan and other vessels of the great fleet sold in 1929. It is stated in official quarters that the possibility of the return of and | the ships is not being considered, al- though there is discussion of a defer- ment of payments on principal and interest to the Government. General business depression has had & direct and devastating effect upon shipping interests. American shipping is now faced with the keenest competi- tion in years and, in spite of liberal mail contracts granted by the Govern- ment, most lines are having a difficult time,” with freight revenue falling off and tourist travel reduced. * x ok ox ‘There is one particularly sore spot developing. It is the imminence of a rate war in inter-coastal shipping, which is complicating the question of an increase in rallroad rates now up for consideration before the Interstate Commerce Commission. - The Shipping Board has appointed a committee to draw up & new ‘“con- ference” agreement with the operators of the ships that carry the coastal trade. These operators themselves are reported to be asking for an investi- gation by the Shipping Board with a view toward obtaining authority from Congress for the Interstate Commerce Commission to fix and enforce mini- mum rates. The 8hipping Board, how- ever, has authority to fix rates for the coastal trade and there will be strong opposition to any attempt to turn over such regulatory power to the already overworked Interstate Commerce Com- mission. - * ok X X Notwithstanding all its troubles, the American merchant marine continues to forge ahead slowly. Latest res show that 49 per cent of our foreign trade is now carried by American ships, an increase of approximately 1 per cent over the achievement of 1929. In 1930 vessels flying the Amegican flag car- ried more than 40,000,000 tons of freight between American and foreign | ports. . :+_In 1914, the first year of the World ‘War, there were 20 lines carrying the American flag on the oceans of the world. In January of the present year | there were 82 lies. The progress since 1914 has been reflected in more lines, in increased tonnage and in better serv- ice offered. There are today three American flag around-the-world serv- ices. .Each of these touches four cons tinents and many outlying island groups, while several other lines operate | to at least three continents. * ¥ ok X Within the last week the Post Office Department certified to the Shipping Board two new ocean mail routes to European ports. This makes a total of 41 routes, touching the uttermost parts of the globe, over which the United States mail is now carried, with Government assistance. Until the business situation had be- come s0 unfavorable, the United States ped to build and put in the Atlantic passenger trade two new so-called superliners. Construction of these vessels has been ix:npvneu. (Copyright, 1931.) being distinct and entirely free from the t-hummn'ignnlu which so fre- flnfly in Bell telephone makes drums of the ear ring for a moment g utllity of the teiephone causes it to be a profitable subject ror_tne study of inventors, and it was to be ex- pected that marked improvements woul be made. The only difficulty in the wa; of cheapening its use_is not im the in- vention or its cost, but in the fact that competition between two or more lines cannot exist without depriving the ap- pliance of considerable of its value to patrons, One telephone company con- nects all mu::xm, while several com-