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EASTERN STATES GARRY TAX LOAD ffimish Money for Those {That Have Overtaxed Peo- " ple and Resources. B2 g s 2 # he Government. BY ASHMUN BROWN. 'hi les given emphasis to the dollars and cents #ide of the prevailing tendency toward centralization of Government at Wash- h{':n and toward extreme paternalism. ter there will be a discussion of the principles involved and of the meth- ods which have been suggested for a betterment of the social order and for the stabilization of economic conditions. For the present, however, it is worth- while to dwell further on the .ubject of the public revenues, the costs of government—national, State and local— and the drift toward making the na- tional treasury bear an increasingly larger burden of the total costs. All public revenues come from the ggople. necessarily, although it cannot said they bear with exact equality upon all. Meverthiless, taxes, whether they are op intome or on capital or on articles ptirchased, like gasoline or cigarettes; whether they are levied at a customs house, at the office of the Federal commissioner of internal rev- enue. or at the county cr city treas- urer’s office, take just that much money out of the pockets of the individuals. They reduce the spending and the in- vesting free capital by just that amount. The total costs of government, as shown heretofor>—national, State an local—have grown from $2.919,000,000 in 1913 to more than $13,000,000,000 this lye"-r, r;_lr :4;! per cen‘tlvl w’hélg the population has heen g 288 per cent. Meanwhils, flmh the costs of local government have multiplied, they have fallen o 51.5 per cent of the gross from 71.7 per cent in 1915, and the costs of the Federal Govern- ment have grown in the same time from 18.8 per cent of the gross to 34.7 cent and are still growing. That the burden of government is being ahifted in an_increasing degree to the shoulders of Uncle 5 ‘The States plead that they have ex- Dausted their taxablh ruzurces. In 18 of them, now without this form of taxation, proposals to establish a State e tax are pending this Spring in the Legislatures. The State gaso- line tax rises in various places and its total earn! grow yearly to new al- titudes. Various legislators propose that the Federal authority, at the very time it is called upon to furnish more and more money for the States, should re- h sources of taxation to the State suthority. Asked Change in Pobacco Tax. ntl“: spe;e:‘l, in the“mmu of R&purc- sentatives: February 27, Representative ‘William €. Lankford n? Georgin, sug- | gested that the Federal Governmend should remove “all or a large part of tax assessed against manufactured tobaceo and leave these col ities to be ugad":y the State for local pur- also asked that the States Tecelve suthcrity to tax national banks State banks. The tax on ‘x’rgfn be men- leral Treas- A A 8l In| len! cfl‘ohl! of South Dakota, in of the States and the necessity further aid. Advdcating the enact- & bill to give $100,000,000 a the central Government to i : S ] that the free farms have %o led load. statistics published In | the National Industrial e | d c¢n national wealth and national income throw somes doubt on the theory that because the States have exhausted their taxation resources they cannot survive without further help from Washington. These figures show that the national wealth of the country at the end of 1929 stood at.$361,800,000,000. an in- crease of 88 per cent in 15 years. The 2 wealth per capita distributed among the States, has grown to $2,921. It is a curious fact that very many of the States which proclaim their dire need of further subsidies from the Ped- eral Government have a figur, of per capita wealth much higher than the average; much higher, indeed, than the mpfl& figures for the so-called rich rn States that furnish most of the Federal revenues. Groups of States Cited. Consider this group of States, for ex- ample, with the average per capita fig- ure of weplth s-t forth: $4,119; North DeVnta, $3803; Dakota, $4,964; saaho, $4,119; Montana, | $4,755. Each, it will be observed, has | a figure cf wealth far ahove the aver- | age for the country. i The figure of wealth represents tan- physical assets only, excludes | . but specifically | includes land and structure and other improvements thereon, the equipment of industrial enterprises and farms, live stock, ra‘lread and public utilitics land and equiprsent, personal property, motor | &nd other vehicles and gold and silver | coin znd bullion—in brief, the tmajor local taxable resources. Y:t every one of these States, even ! under the present limited system of | Federal subsidies, gets back from Wash- ington In subsidies each year more than 1ts people pay in internal revenue taxes. For every dollar the people of Wyoming pay into the Federal Treasury in taxes the State gets back $3.19. North Da- kota gets back for each dollar $3.06, South Dakota $1.93, Idaho $1.51 and|other step-ups within Montana_ $1.19. New York, whence comes one-third of all the Federal internal revenue taxes, has a per capita figure of wealth of only $3,276 and gets back in sub- sidies from th: Pederal Government less than 1 cent for every dollar its people give to Uncle Sam. These examples, of course, do not prove thai the Western States, having got themselves into & financial hole, are Dot in need of money from some source —the Federal Treasury, for instance. It does indicate, however, that an en- largement of the Federal subsidy system Indian Affairs Clerk Retires: “MODEL EMPLOYE” A SERVES 32 YEARS. FTER 32 years of continuous service, Charles F. Haukes, chief clerk of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, today was enjoying a rest. yesterday marking his retirement, First Assistant Secretary of the Interior ‘Dixon paid tribute to Mr. Haukes, asserting that his long service “should | At ceremonies serve as a model to-this and future generations of Federal employes.” In behalf cf Mr. Haukes' fellow employes, Mr. Dixon presented the veteran with a purse of gold. A basket of flowers was also presented to Mrs. Hauke: Haukes. d | Above picture shows Mr. Dixon making the presentation to Mr. —Star Staff Photo, NEW POLICY DENIES FEDERAL PAY RAISES President Announces Other| Departments Will Follow Wilbur Plan. (Continued Froni First Page.) uation. Briefly, those developments were: At the-opening of the session the budget message, outlining requests for | appropriations for the fiscal year begin- ning this July, recommended that Con- gress begin a three-year program of in- creasing the, salaries of Federal em- ployes who are recelving below the average of their respective grades under the reclassification law. This would have required a total of $14,440,000 to be don= completely, or about $4,000,000 for the next 12 months if spread over a three-year period. v The House Appropriations Committee did not write these jncreases into the various departmental appropriation bills. On the contrary, there was brought for- ward early in the session the so-called ‘Wood amendment, whh:t‘xv1 said there nave prohibited the follow the customary rule of using money left by deaths and resignatiors to grant step-up promotions to lower paid workers in.gne same grede. Senate Opposite to House. * “The Senate, championing the cause of the lower-paid employes, took & di- rectly oSposite tion from that of the House, It struck out the Wood | amendment, which was a ban on any | increases within grades, and added to | each. bill sums that had been Tecommen by the budget to begin a systematic increasing of the under- average cases. ' After a Yong battle in conference, the Senste finally agreed 1o postpone the beginning of the three-year program of increases in under average salaries, but both the Senate and House finally eli- minated the Wood amendment. The | ling of this amendment left depart- ment free to make increases with- in es to Whatever extent funds| might be avallable through deaths, resignations anG separations from the | service: The anouncement today, how- | ever, indical the policy will be to| avold using ese lapsed balances to move up other employes. Statements In Debate. In the debates at the last session of | Congress, it was declared in the Senate that even though the Senate increases | had been left out for the time being, | the removal of the restrictive Wood | amendment would leave the depart- | ments with a considerable amount in lapsed balances in the course of the | year that would be applied to increasing | the pay of workers whose salaries were | below the average of their grades. Definite estimates had not been made | today as to how many would be affected | throughout the service or the extent of | the saving in Government expenditures | that probably will result from the policy just announced. It was explained by one Govern: ment ofiglal that there are two kinds | of promtions that o-gur under the normal procedure w'gn an employe dles or leaves the servf-2, namely. the | moving of one emplo, ¢ from a lower grade to the grade #i which the va- cancy occurred and the advancement of several others to a higher step with- in the seme grade. As an illustration, it was pointed out, if an employe in Grade 9 of the cler- ical service dies or leaves, an employe is brought up from the next lowest, grade and placed at one of the lower salary steps of Grade 9, while others who were already in Grade 9 «t the lower salery steps have a chance 1o | move up a step in that grade. | Possible Course of Action, One possible course of action when vacancies occur would be to {gansfer the one employe from Grade 8°to the bottom of Grade 9 without making the the grade in which the vacancy occurred. = The Wood amendment, which Con- | gress retused o adopt, sought only to prohibi, increases from one salary step | to anovner within a grade. | In recommending that Congress begin | a systematic adjustment of underaver- age saleries, the budget of last Decem- ber pointed out that during the eignt years the classification act has been in operation there has developed & wide | Gifference among the several depart- mezts and establishments as to the re- | Iationship which the average of existing | salaries bears to the average of the| would not result in that more equitable distribution of the burdens of taxes that s regarded as desirable Put anoWper way, the Western States mentioned have a’larger proportion of and other tangible property upon ‘which to levy taxes for State and local rposes than have the Eastérn States &n furnish the bulk of the Federal gevenues. The Eastern States have to State and local governments E:‘ effect of the svbsidy system is to ire the Eastern States to do this as much as the Western States, yet nd to furnish money also, through the ;:umwdllr! of the ral ‘Treasury, | with the tohelnmlshlfsuu‘tm;nvmm thelr own e an own re- c.u;';u‘:«hndounme economists call the incidence . of taxation. . | Wammmiab, Jo3k 57 R ATeTe D228 compensation rates provided by law for the various grades. Priends of the Government employes in the Senate, in seeking to have ap- propriated for the coming year the $4,- 000,000 needed to begin a three-year program of adjusting these underaver- age cases, argued that these would not be new salary inciéases, but the provid- ing of sufficlent funds to carry out gradually the imtent of the original classification law. The Senate, in the desire to completé the appropriation bills ao the session drew to & close, agreed to leave out these additional funds, but Wood amendment also elim- inated to make possible the use of lapsed balances for salary adjustments. ‘The apartments of deceased Kings of Italy are left absolutely untouched for two generations, * | Whippe LIONESS IS DOCILE AS A PET KITTEN AFTER GIRL ATTACK (Continued From First Page) held at Dayton, Ohlo, where it has been housed by its owner, Willlam Harwood, Palo Alto, Calif., for 11 days for ob- servation by a zoo veterinarian. A daily report is to be made to Mitchell. At the end of the 11-day period the beast was ordered returned here for another examination by the Board of Health. Girl Will Recover. The little girl, with more than a score of stitches in her scalp and scratches on her back, was Teported Te- covering. - Her condition was not re- garded as critical. The attack occurred in a hall at the Whittler School, where the lioness and other animals were exhibited to illus- trate a lecture, The little girl was last in line as a teacher led her class past the snimals, when the lioness, leashed to plumbing fixtures, leaped at her. Beast Pawed Child's Head. A woman trainer who was assisting arwood, soothed the animal and Sn-} Hi vited the little girl to come close. As she did, the lioness leaped again, this time seizing the child’s head in her forepaws. Willism Hunter, janitor, rescued the child while the trainer pulled the lioness away. The girl was rushed to a hospita! and a tetanus in- Jection was made. Harwood, at a Dayton Thotel Ilast night, said the lLoness did not attack the girl and only wanted to play with her. He also had issued orders that no children were to pass through the hall- way where the lioness was tied while the other animals were.in the audito-| rium, he asserted, but the child ran through the hallway to get to the audi- torium, he declared. e MAY 1 DISORDERS | WIDELY SCATTERED; U. S. CITIES ALERT ___(Continued From First Page) the Missouri State Capitol and execu- tive mansions as a precaution against Communist agitators. MILITARY PARADE IN MOSCOW. | Thousands File by Reviewing Stand Atop Lenin’s Mausoleum. BY JUNIUS B. WOOD. By Cable to The Star. MOSCOW, U.'S. S§. R, May 1— Under the bright sun of the first day of Summar weather, Moscow turned out for the annual 1st of May demon- stration today. = Red Squarc was the goal of marching thousands® Grouped at a tribune atop Lenin’s new marble mausoleum, leaders of the nation, party and labor organi- zations reviewed the defile and returned the salutes of thg passing myriads. At daylight trops startcd massing. Each side of the tomb was flanied by reviewing stands. . At the hour fixed for the start of the celebration, the square, except for a broad path for the coming defile, | was eolid with ranks @f new recruits walting to be swqrn into rllitary ser ice. Gen. Klementi Voroschilov, min- ister of war and navy, dashed’ the | length of the square accompanied by is staff as a ripplesof applause broke | from the reviewing stands, and the pageant’s curtain was up. Red Soldiers’ Oath Recited. “The commander mounted the tuibune Holding his copy in his hand, Gen. Voroschilov recited the Red soldier's ocath into the microphone and loud speakers distributed it through the square. ‘The soldlers repeated it in unison: “I, a son of the working people, promise to fight for the Soviet Union, to wear my uniform with honcr, to! protect and cherish our people,” the general read, and the massed thou- “|sands echoed back. “I obligate myself to keep tevolu- tionary -discipline and carry out all orders of my commanding cfficers for the protection and strengthening of the workers' and peasants’ govern- ment,” he continued, and the words rolled back. Salute Booms From 20 Guns. As the last lines of the oath.echoed back six military bands grouped in the enter of the square struck up the Internationale” and the boom of a 20- gun salute came from the distance. The band swung into a march and the uniform lines started passing 24 abreast. After the foot detachments the bicy- cle companies pedaled past, then 14 armored cars at 30 miles an hour. t tanks appeared, following in- termittently through the parade until 125 had passed, and 28 medium sized tanks. Six_ motorized anti-aircraft guns, 6 searchlights and 3 airplane de- tectors followed. Then dozens of m torized machine guns, a score of three- inch guns, 650 portable radios and |less. other trappings of war. g erhead came ajrplanes. First 30 biplanes, flying in -V-shape formations of 5 each, followed by 4 bombers, the largest with 4 motors and the others & bimotor, with 3 stunt sesquiplanes tralling in the rear. Holru h-twr::: xnl 6-inch guns, with cavalry mounts for every company— 'hed blacks, ‘matcl bays and pled whites—concluded the Moscow garri- sons’ contribution to the stai*ding army, but the military parade was not fin- "'iv‘:mnm.-muu companies-‘of ° & 0. K. GIVEN RAY'S COUNTY ACCOUNT Auditors Find No Shortage in Court Cost and Delin- quent Tax Funds. By a Staff Correspondent of The Star. ROCKVILLE, Md, May 1.—The shortage in the accounts of th- late Preston B. Ray, clerk of the Circuit Court, did not extend to county funds, Berry E. Clark, clerk to the county com- missioners, declared today after com- pleting a check of Mr. Ray's books. ‘The deflclk: in State funds indicated by-a State audft submitted yesterday to Controller William S. Gordy was $12,- 865.77. Mr. Clark said the only places were a deficit_could occur in county funds handled by Mr. Ray were in court costs collected by the clerk and turned over to the sheriff and in cases where prop- erty bought for delinquent taxes by the county commissioners had been redeem- ed through the office of the clerk of the court. Court Cost Account Checked. Mr. Clark said the State auditors in- vestigated the account through which court costs were handled and that it was found to be correct. The money paid by the county com- missioners during the entire course of Mr. Ray's tenure of office for property sold for deliquent taxes and not bid in by private individuals has been checked against funds turned over to the county treasurer by Mr. Ray which he re- ceived in redemptions, Mr. Clark as- |sel'(td. He said the treasurer’s records | show receipt of approximately $4,000 more than was paid out by the county commissioners. This surplus is account- ed for, he declared, by interest on the delinquent taxes required when the property:is redeemed. Waters Shortage Found. At the same time that the exact amount of Mr. Ray's shortage was learned, it also was ascertained that Perrie Waters, register of wills for Montgomery County, who died shortly after his re-election last November, was short $2,400. Both Hanson G. Cashell, the new register of wills, and Clayton K. Wat- kins, who succeeded Mr. Ray as clerk of the Circuit Court, state that since their appointments they have deposited all public funds in public accounts. Mr. Ray kept all public monies in his per- sonal account. KING EXPRESSES APPRECIATION ON LEAVING CAPITAL (Continued From. First Page.)_ | cetved President and Mrs. Hoover for | tea, where farewells were exchanged. This function had been scheduled for 5 o'clock, but it was after that hour when Mrs., Hoover and Queen Rambal Barni returned from Mount Vernon. The trip to the Washington Shrine | was made in the Commerce Department boat Sequoia, but the party returned in a White House car. The Queen was | greeted with a 21-gun salute as she | reached the navy yard and as she came | to the dock to board the Sequoia the Navy Band played the Siamese na- tional anthem. Siamese Standard Flown. In honor of her visit, too, the royal | standard of her country was flown be- | mandant on the masthead at the com- mandant’s quarters. Mrs. Hoover accompanied the Queen back to the Larz Anderson home, where the visitors were domiciled, then re- turned to the White House to join the President for their call upon the royal couple. State Department officials sald it was ths first time a President and his wife had been entertained here by the rulers of another power. The program when Queen Marie of Rumania visited Lere followed closely the schedule set down for the Siamese, but the tea was lack- ing. {CASSIDY STARTS JAIL TERM IN LIQUOR CASE “Man in Green Hat” Surrenders After Court of Appeals De- nies His Plea. | (From the 5:30 Edition of Yesterday's Star.) | George Lawrence Cassidy, known as | the “man in the green hat.” late today began serving a sentence of 18 months in_the penitentiary. % He was arrested in front of the Sen- ate Office Building October 31, 1929, when he was seen to enter the building and to return to his automobile and take a package therefrom, which proved to be intoxicating liquor. He was convicted of transporting liquor. Cassidy appealed, but the District Court of Appeals denied him a new trial and foday sent its mandate to the lower court, requiring the execution of the sentence Assistant United States Attorney Walter M. Shea notified Cassidy’s bondsman and the man was surrendered and sent to jail. He probably will go to the Lorton Reformatory to serve the sentence. Cassidy served three months for pos- session of liquor some years ago, but this is his firsy conviction under the Jones law. each — komsomols, factory workers, children and pioneers—fol- lowed for an hour. Some were uni- formed and carried their rifles with military prgeision, and all marched in jaunty rh¥thm. One company com- prise 15-year-old girls dressedd in white shirtwaists, blue’ collars and red ties, | their sturdy legs bare below their skirts. The military parade was two and one-half hours passing—longer than in previous years, because the military vol- unteers were formerly a part of the civilian ranks. A colorful civilian march followed, the columns entering the square through three gates and passing the stands in double time 24 abreast, Each grpup carried posters and red bunting with slogans. Some originality showed in the pictures of Joseph’Stalin, which outnumbered those of Lenin; with novel displays picturing accomplishment and shortcomings. (Copyright, 1931.) REDS SHOOT POLICEMA! members BERLIN, May 1 (P).—A gang of young Communists today shot and wounded #_policeman who_attempted to restrict their May day activities. The policeman was taken to a hospital with a bullet in his lung, his condition hope- A few hours later mounted ;police galloped down the Unter Den Linden and quelled an outbreak between Na- tional Socialist students and Social- Democrats. Returning from a celebra- tion in the Lustgarten, the Social- Democrats found several hundred Nazis gathered in the court of the university shouting praises to their leader, Adclf Hitler, and singing. . The only serious disorder reported from the provinces was a clash at Mett- mann in the Ruhr district, where one workman and one Communist alderman ‘were seriousl; ‘gunfire. |side the flag of the navy yard com- Gondolas Launched in Tidal Basin VENETIAN TOUCH GIVEN TO NATIONAL CAPITAL. motor power. ‘Tidal Basin. dola program. F. W. Hoover, ti put_into commission immediately. he association’s The craft have been painted following their trip here from Baltimore. Basin up along the Georgetown Channel and the Inlet Bridge. Now they are ready for service. ONDOLAS, brought here from Florida fcr service during the Summer, are floating on the Tidal Basin and will be Operated under the jurisdiction of the Welfare and Recreational Association of Public Buildings and Grounds, Inc., the four gondolas, each holding half a dozen persons, are equipped with Some will be available for chartering, while the others will run on regular trips around the eneral manager, is making the final arrangements for the gon- ‘They were taken into the Tidal —Star Staff Photo. FVOLUTION IDEA AT BY SCENTST Dr. Blackwood Questions Speeding Changes by Use of Rays. BY THOMAS R. HENRY. The idea of evolution speeded by notable and sudden hereditary changes in bodily form, due to natural exposure of the cells of a plant or animal spe- cies to gamma rays from radium, or to the extremely penetrating cosmic rays bombarding the 'earth from outer space, was questioned on physical evi: dence by Dr. Oswald Blackwood of the University of Pittsburgh, speaking be- fore the American Ph the Bureau of Standards today. Biologists long have been unable to explain satisfactorily those evolutionary changes—such as the greatly increased size of the brain which separates man from his nearest relative in the animal kingdom—which seem "to appear and become fixed in a short time. They are known as “mutations”’ They are tied up in some way with the “genes,” which are hypothetical bodies in the |the Arts Club of Washington last night | ment of __|cells carrying the various factors trans- |y S el fmmn‘t;’fm‘ mitted in heredity. Produced in Fruit Fly, ‘These hypothetical bodiss are so ex- tremely small that nobody has ever |seen them, and the evidence for their existence is that they fit so well into the known laws of heredity. Within the past few years it has been shown that “mutations” can be produced arti- | ficlally in the fruit fly—the especial pet of geneticists, because new_generations are produced so rapidly—by exposing them to X-rays of known intensity. The effect of these X-rays must be in changing the composition cf the “genes” in some way, like bullets hitting a target and knocking out some part o it. Now the gene, small as it is, is a very large body compared to the atoms of which it is composed, just as these themselves are Jarge compared to the electrons and protons of which they are composed. 3 Blackwood experimented with X-rays to find out how large & gene actually was, estimating it as approximately six ten-millionths of a millimeter in di- ameter. Then he computed the num- ber of icns—or atoms with some of their, electrons knocked off through being struck by the X-ray bullats—which would be produced in & body of that size by bombirdment with rays of known intensity. Ionization is assumed to be accompanied by mutation. Using the results from this experi- ment as a basis, he computed that the fonization which would be produced by natural cosmic or gamma rays in a given time would be only about one/ three-billionth of that produced by the' X-rays. Therefore, he concluded, the period for a 1 per cent mutation due to bom bardment of cells by these rays in na- ture would be about a milllon years, rather than a few weeks. New Method of Measurement, Dr. Arthur H. Compton of the Uni- versity of Chicago, Nobel prize winner scribed a newly developed method for measuring precisely those almost infinitesimal magnitudes, wave lengths of light, by means of an X-ray spectrometer. Measurement of X-ray spectral _lines was reported by DF. F. K. Richtmyer of Johns Hopkins Univers The temperature of the surface of the Caribbean Sea may have a close rela- tion to rainfall in th: Eastern United Statcs, Dr. Charles F. Brooks of Clark rted to the American For 10 years, he s have been kept of the ture of the Gulf Stream, which into the Caribbean, and these that when the suriace of tha unusually warm, wet weather few months latcr sea is generally along the A rich “3:a pasture” along the East- ern Coast of the United States w. ported by H. R. Siewell of the Buffalo Museum of Science. He explained that the coastal waters of North Amer- ica are fertile for the same reason that land fertile—content of nitrogen and phosphort Plankton the tiny one-celled plants of the sea, feed on chemicals in the water just as plants feed on chemicals in the soll. Small sea creatures eat the plankton, larger sea animals feed on the small, and so on, until the top of the scale is reached, Dr. H. N. Eaton of the Bureau of Standards described plans for a n: tional hydraulic laboratory where run. ning water will be studied behind glass. Models of sections of rivers can be built to test flood control plans before put- ting them into effect. Bridges, dams, lock-gates and other structures can b tried out in miniature before they actu: ally are built. Plans were discussed for establishing the science of hydrology, dealing with the cycle of water from its arrival as rainfall to its evaporation or storage in the ocean, in the United States were discussed before the newly organized hydrology sections of the Geophysical Union. Studies are planned of the be- havior of streams and ground waters, rates of evaporation and storage of watel = G. W. Littlehales of the Hydrographic Oftice of the Navy reported on the re- cent inception of the International Sec- tion of Hydrology at a meeting in Madrid. The American group will be- come a member of this body. FAVORITE WINS RACE Four Course First in British New- market Event. NEWMARKET, England, May 1 (#). —Lord Ellesmere's Four Course, one of the favorites, today won the 1,000 gulneas. The race is at 1 mile for 3- year-old fillies. Four Course paid off at 100 to 9. The two American horses in the race, John Hay (Jock) Whitney's Kings- woman and Mrs, Corlette Glorney's Carola were unplaced. M. H. Benson's, Lady Marjorie was second and Helen McCalmont’s Lindos also by many, third, Arts Club Head | LAWYER NAMED PRESIDENT. | | | ical Soclety It' FULTON LEWIS. Fulton Lewis was elected president of group. The new president is a gradu- ate of Washington High School, S |of '86. He was awarded LL. B. and | LL. M. degrees by the old Columbian University, now George Washington | University, and has practiced law in the | District for more than 35 years. He is |a member of the Chevy Chase Club |and the Society of Celonial Wars and is an artist-member of the Arts Club. | Other officers elected were Carlton van Valkenburg, vice president: Dr. George H. Girty, recording secretar: | Lewis L. Moneyway, corresponding sec- | retary, and Commodore A. W. Stahl, treasurer. New members of the board of gov- ernors, to serve three-year terms. are | Dr. Frederick V. Coville and A. H. A. | Rolle. New members of the Committee {on Admissions, to serve two years, are: | Architecture, Osgood Holmes; drama, J. | Martin~Scranage:; industrial arts, Mrs. |Oliver Owen Kuhn; lay, Joseph R. | Baker; literature, Miss Dougal; music, Miss Marjorie | painting, Charles Bittinger, and sculp~ ture, Miss Clara Hill. 'FAIRFAX OFFICERS | HELD IN SHOOTING NEAR CHAIN BRIDGE __ (Continued Prom First Page) ~ merely eating lunch, paid no attention |to them. 1 Quarreled With Wife. Fink and McIntosh said they saw | Holsinger take a “drink” from a bottle. Later, they said, a bakery truck pulled up behind the Holsinger car and Hol- singgr got out of the machine and he |and the bakery truck driver went to {he rear of the truck. The officers said | they supposed the two men were drink- ling. A few minutes later the bakery | truck ~driver and Holsinger got into their machines, the truck driving away. Holsinger, they charged, began to rel with his wife. It was then the officers decided to cross the country line to interfere in the domestic entanglement, but when they reached the side of the Holsinger car they said “they smelt the odor of They commanded Holsinger | to get out of the car. |if the officers had a warrant, and cn | betng informed by them that they did | not he said he refused their request. “You won't, eh?” Holsinger quoted MeclIntosh as saying. “Well, take that!” | " Holsinger said McIntosh' hit him on | the head with a_ blackjack, and ex- | hibited a cut on the forehead today to prove it. Fight Began in Earnest. The automcbilist said after he was | struck by the_policeman “it kinda made | me mad, so 1 got out of the machine, | grabbed the *jack out of the fella’s hand | 2nd broke it into pleces. Then the two | officers jumped on me and the fight | began in carnest. I had to protect my- ©lf. We slugged away until one of the | officers backed off while the other was | on my back. | fired. ~ The shot hit me just above the ankle and knocked me to the ground. The officer on my back kept hitting me, | and T attempted to shake him off. | whisky. “I raised him off the ground but his | partner shot again. This bullet struck me above the knee, 5o I slung the fella’ on my back off of me and attempted to Taise up again. This time the man shot me in the thigh and I went down to stay. My wife ran toward me, and the policeman doing the shooting slapped | her down. They put me and my wife | in the autzmobile and took me to this | hospital. Failed to Report Shooting. After getting Holsinger into _the Finks and McIntosh returned to Fairfax County without reporting the shcotng to Washington police, as, ac- cording to_the 1atter, is cusomary. | ““Both officers were badly bruised and Finks was taken to the Alexandria Hos- pital where several stitches were re- were heavily bandaged this morning when taken into custcdy. The policemen said they were forced to shoot Holsinger because he was beating them unmercifully with the blackjack he had snatched from Finks. They denied that McIntosh was on Hol- singer’s back when Finks ned_fire, Finks claimed McIntosh had n dazed by a blcw from Holsinger and that he realized he was no match for the giant- sized man, he was forced to resort to the use of his gun. his car or had he beén drinking. He admitted that he ran afoul of the law in Fairfax County four years ago and served three mionths at hard labor for selling whisky. The shooting occurred yesterday near the spot where Policeman Mcintosh was shot by W. E. Smith, a Department clerk, on March ar- | ‘The latter asked He pulled his gun and | quired to close a head wound. Both | Holsinger denied he had whisky in| ‘Treasury ‘14 last, | STREET GARS HELD BEST FOR CROWDS C. of C. Agrees Traction Firms Should Have Chance for Adequate Earning. No effective way of handling mass transportation other than by street cars and rapid transit lines has been found nor is likely in the near future, was the general concensus of opinicn of the round table conference on “Mass Trans- portation in Cities” held yesterday by the Chamber of Commerce of the United States at its annual convention in Atlantic City. ‘The conference was in agreement that traction companies should be given every opportunity to earn an adequate return in order that they may provide modern and adequate transportation facilities to the community in which they serve. That they should be re- lieved of such burdens as the cost of street paving, snow removal, the pay- traffic _policemen, cost of bridges, etc., and that unregulated, irresponsible lines should not be allowed to compete. Particularly was the con- ference opposed to irresponsible flat-rate taxicab operation as detrimental to the successful operation of adequate mass transportation. | _In the course of the discussion Col. | Robert I. Randolph, Fre!lfleflt of the | Chicago Assoclation of Commerce and a member of a citizens’ committee of | that city appointed to work out & com- plete Teorganization of the Chicago street rallway and rapid transit systems, declared “public transportation agen- | cles must have a chance for reasonable financial prosperity.” Advance Thinking Needed. He stated that in encouraging a pros- perous street railway and rapid transit system the community was not being kind to the traction companies, but was " |looking after its own best interests. “The patronage of street car companies in cities of 500,000 is decreasing to a surprising extent and, in my opinion, business men are not sufficiently aroused over this prospect, they need to do some vanced thinking on the problem of their transportation,” he declared. Col. Randolph stated that private au- tcmobiles were not adequate to care for mass transportation, and that street because the efficiency of the street car | has not been equaled for mass trans- portation and peak-load hauling. Summing up his talk he urged that every opportunity, encouragement and protection be given to insure proper and presperous traction organizations, under proper rcgulation that would demand the highest type of equipment, manage- ment, service and transportation facili. tles from the street car lines them- selves. The street car companies should be given the right to remove and ad- just routes to meet modern require- ments, city changes and growth. Urges Parking Ban. In speaking of parking, he said it | should be prohibited in congested sec- | tions, and that the time-limit system in_parking was useless as it only re- | sulted in cruising and further congsst~ | ing_traffic on the streets. Henry 1. Harriman of Boston, Mass., chairman of the New England Power Association and chairman of the board of trustees of the Boston Elevated Rail- road, declared street car transportation for large cities had come to stay, and that the automobile had its place, but it was not in mass transportation. He declared street cars fundamentally sound because they have survived the peak automobile markets. He urged the ne- cessity, however, of advertising on the part of the mass transportation com- panies and stated, “they must depend on the service they render for public favor.” H2 declared that in 1930 city mass transportation systems in United | States had hauled 14,600,000,000 pa- trons, which was only 71 per cent less than the year before. Of this only 1, 1175,000,000 had been hauled by busses. Both Mr. Harriman and Col. Ran- dolph predicted an increase in the use of the trolley busses now rapidly going |in favor. when McIntosh “peeped” into Smith’s automobile, which was parked in the woods. Smith said he thought McIn- tosh was a robber and fired three shots, one going wild, the second hitting the officer’s coat collar and the third graz- ing his right cheek. Smith was ac- quitted on a charge of assault with in- tent to kill when tried in Fairfax County, but found guilty of assault and fined $500. Yesterday’s shooting caused Sheriff Fields of Arlington County to call all of his policemen and deputy sheriffs into conference today. In the presence of Fins and McIntosh, the sheriff informed his men that unless they could arrest a law violator without having to resort to {'use of their guns for them to “take off their uniforms immediately.” Finks and McIntosh were released on :bonds signed by Charles T. Jesse, can- { didate for State Senator from Northern Virginia, Warrants Against Holsinger. Later in the day Commonwealth At- torney Farr issued a statement in which he said that itwo warrants were being drawn up against Holginger, one charg- ing resisting arrest and the other - session and transportation of whisky. Inasmuch as Holsinger been con- victed for a liquor violation, this charge, if preferred, will be a “second offense,” which constitutes a felony. Mr, Farr explained that “it was a de- batable question” as to whether Finks and McIntosh had the right to cross the county line to make an arrest. As there was no marker to designate the line, he sald he was of the opinion that the policemen were under the impres- sion that they were still in Fairfax County. He termed it the duty of po- Ll:edmen to ':;res't, d:-l":e man whom they suspec of ving an automobile toxicated. while int It cars were not giving away to the busses, | STONE DEFENDS BOARD'S ACTVITY Tells C. of C. Emergency Sta- bilization Cannot Cope With Overproduction. By the Associated Pre ATLANTIC CITY, N. J, May l.— James C. Stone, chairman of the Fed- eral Farm Board, told the United States Chamber of Commerce today that emer- gency stabilization activitles of the board cannot cope successfully with continuous overproduction and can be resorted to only as temporary remedies. The board, Stone asserted, believes its stabilization operations in cotton and wheat “have been fully justified by the serious emergency that faced agricul- ture” as a result of the stock market crash in 1929. Losses that may be sus- tained by the revolving fund, he said, “will be inconsequential compared to the benefits.” He told more than 2,500 delegates to the nineteenth annual meeting of the chamber that the “gradually growing’ antagonism between farmers and indus- try was largely due “to_lack of under- standing.” The Farm Board, ne said, was attempting to lessen this breach. Farmers, he declared, were the most potential buyers of industrial products and “ believe the time has come when the rest of the country cannot hope fcr prosperity unless they share it.” Intended to Protect Farmer. “In accordance with law, said, “stabilization operations both di- rect and indirect were undertaken in wo commcdities, cotton and wheat, as a result of the stock market crash in the Fall of 1929. They were intended to help protect the farmers’ market for his products from extremely gesious conséquences that threatened as a re- sult of the world wide business de- pression. In the past two crop years our farmers have received direct bene- fits from these stabilization operations and, in addition, the country as & whole, particularly banks and business men of the agricultural sections, re- ceived very great indirect benefits. The board believes what was done to have been fully justified by the serious emergency that faced agriculture. Any losses that may be sustained by the revolving fund from these operations will be inconsequential compared the benefits to our people.” Observes Rules of Trade. Using the Farmers’ National Grain Corporation_ss an_illustration of the service performed by the national co- operatives, Chairman Stone explained that the corporation “operates in com= petition with and under the same and regulations as other grain mer- chants, It buys in the open competitive market from its members every grain they want to sell, or it receives the grain’ from its members and sells it at the best price obtainable on & commission basis. “There is, however, a distinct dif- freence between the objective of the Farmers' National and that of any other ‘merchants. grain merchant naturally tries to buy hi grain as chenply as he can and sell at high as he can for the purpose of mak- ing as much money as possible, which no one can object to. ~The Farmers Naticnal, lmvv:e\mr,r1 bids (o’\; 1: m:gbg‘r; -ain as high a price as s n i’; enable it to sell the grain without Joss, plus the normal fees, handling charges and commissions. - Has Influenced Price. “Although the average price of grain has been low during the past season, it is my belief that its influence has in- creased the price of grain for al’ growers at least 7 to 10 cents per { bushel over what they would have re- | ceived if t.hle farmers national not. been operating.” i Ansvl:ermg criticism 'of the lending of money by the Farm Board, - Mr. | Stone said such loans were absolutel; necessary because of the difficulty co- operative associations experience in | obtaining necessary credits. “I might say at this point, however, that it has been the policy of the Farm Board to encourage all co-operatives ta use the commercial banks and Federal Intermediate Cdl‘edlt]BInk.lp‘U:'flIe’ tu“.l;l; est extent, and a large of ! money loaned by the Farm Board has been supplemental to loans from these sources.” Corporation farming, Mr. Stone theld, is not the remedy for farm ills. “I do not think,” he said, “that it is wise to advocate any system which will tend to eliminate the individual farm unit, which, if done, would seriously affect the rural life of our country. ‘The same results sought by corporation mass farming can be obtained through co- operatives, he declared. Other Talks Scheduled. Other addresses today include “A New Slant on_Present Day Farm- ing” by F. E. Murphy, publisher of the Minneapolis Tribune; a discus- sion of our land policy by Harper Sib- Jey, manager of farms in many States; @ discussion of capital gains and Fed- eral income tax, by Thomas A. Yale University, and ‘“Thinking Ahead for Canada,” by George C. Mc- Donald. “America’s Tesponsibility and its op- portunity” was the title of an address to be delivered by Julius Barnes, chair- man cf the Board of the Chamber, tonight. Farming and Politics. In the opinion of Mr. Murphy, good farming is doing a better job than any “political hokus pokus” in m the Northwest “a land flowing with milk and honey and.money.” Mr. Murphy said there were no real “hard times” in “our land of the kine and the swine, the lamb and the ham, the wool and the bull, the honey bee and the hennery—the cream pitcher of Amer<a.” He said it was principally in grain or cotton distyicts, single crop Tegions, thi‘fi the “wail of distress is long and loud.” “Raw materials of agriculture or in- dustry always flitctuate violently—fall farthest in times of stress,” Mr. Murphy said. “But when we fabricate Taw ma- terials, make a finished product in factory or farm, we begin to stabilize both the price and the industry. When we aid the farmer to market his feeds and grains in the form of finished ducts, butter, eggs, chickens, beef or pork on the hoof, we stabilize business.” «“Cow Paths to Prosperity.” He told the convention that “a mew agriculture is born” when farmers and businessmen “really get together,” which happened in the Northwest. Farmers have learned, he asserted, that no act of Congress or price-fixing schemes “can_ever restore fertility to wheat-sick soils, clean up weedy grain- felds or raise sagging wheat yields one ushel.’ “These, and not price, are the real wheat problems in the Northwest,” he said. “We came to the ‘parting of the ways'” as a wheat country 10 years 2go. “We have chosen the ‘cow paths to prosperity.’ NOYES PARTY IN ENGLAND Arrive at Plymouth on Ile de France for Motor Tour. PLYMOUTH, England, May 1 (#).— Frank B. Noyes, president of the Asso- ciated Press, with Mrs. Noyes and their son-in-law and daughter, Sir Willmott and Lady Lewis, arrived today on the fie dde France for a motor tour of Eng- nd. i . ‘The nati of Gomera, one of the Canary Islds, converse with one ans. other by WiAstling on N