Evening Star Newspaper, April 12, 1931, Page 31

INSULAR GOVERNMENTS DISCUSSED BY BINGHAM Different' Forms of Rule Under War, Navy and Inte Described in Senator Hiram Bingham of Con- necticut, chairman of the Senate Com- mittee on Territories and Insular Affairs, spoke last night on “Our Insular Gov- ernments” over the National Radio Forum arranged by The Washington Star and broadcast over a coast-to-coast network of the Columbia Broadeasting System. The text of his address follow Since President Hoover made his re- cent trip to Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands considerable interest has b en aroused in the means by which and the manner in which the United States gov- erns the various islands that lie beyond the horizon of the mainland. As a matter of fact, we have almost | #s many kinds of inswlar governments as we have groups of islands. We have islands that are virtually an_integral part of the United States and just as much under our Constitution as the States of the mainland. We have islands where the Constitution has no force and where even the eighteenth amendment has no influence. We have islands where all the natives are Ameri- can citizens and islands where none of them are citizens. We deny that we have any colonles. We certainly have 10 colonial policy. We have no branch of the Government exclusively con- cerned with colonial affairs. We have not even a branch or bureai of any one department concerned with all our over- seas islands. The Interior Department Jooks after some of th'm The War Department looks after some and the Navy Department looks after the rest. Tt is & most extraordinary situation and seems to have grown a good deal like that_celebrated child of fiction known ®&s Topsy. . Conditions Differ Widely. As a matter of fact, conditions are &0 very different in the different groups of islands that it is virtually impossible to treat them all in the same way. Per- haps you would be interested to know exactly how they differ. In the first place the Hawalian Isiands are an integral part of the United States and a Territory gov. erned in much the same way as were our Western Territories until they were all made States. During most of the nineteenth century Hawaii was an in- dependent kingdom, recognized and re- ‘spected by the great nations of the / world. In the Jast decade of the cen- / tury the kingdom was overthrown and & republic set up, which gave as fine an example of efficient government, the the able handling of resources, the careful attention to schools and the building of roads as any government in the world. An effort wes made t secure annexation to the United Staes by a treaty. While negotiations were still pending the Spanish War came on and we had to send expeditions to Manila. The Army and Navy told us they needed Honolulu as a way-station, and so the Congress by joint resolution annexed the Hawalian Islands and ac- cepted them as an integral part of the United States. The citizens of Hawaii became American citizens, but, as has always been the case in the Territories, they cannot vote for President nor can | they elect their own Governor. The Governor, one or two of the territorial | officials and the judges of all their courts are appointed by the President of the United States. Otherwise they govern themselves, pay more income taxes into the Treasury of the United States than a dozen of the larger States of the Union and are solving their racial problems in an admirable man. ner. Their population is one of th most heterogeneous imaginable. Ther are, of course, thousands of Hawaiians, thousands of Yankees from the main- land, thousands of Chinese, many thou- sands of Japanese, thousands of Ko- reans, thousands of Portuguese, thou- sands of Porto Ricans, 2 ong the most recent comers, thousands of Filipi- nos. To make this heterogeneous group into good Americans has been a d.\&cu]l problem, but no cne who has witnessed the ceremony in the Honolulu any doubt that we are build- ing up as loyal a body of American citizens in Hawail as on our own main- land. Such problems as they have which need attention in Washington ;;e l;:u!x;fl:d‘ to mh;\: by the Secretary 'rior or the Territorial - gate in Congress. e Navy Rules Guam, If one were to take a cteamer from San Prancisco and go to Honolulu and then continue in a general westerly di- * rection for some three thousand miles or more, the next bit of American terri- tory which he would encounter would be in the Marianas Islands, where, dur- ing the war with Spain, we acquired the Island of Guam. The rest of the 8roup is now governed by Japan, but Guam, the most important island of | CODSTess there will be renewed agita- | 81l belonging to the United States, has | about 18,000 people, consisting larg(»lyj of natives, who are a mixture of Mala; and Eastern Asiatic in origin and who 8re governed under the direction of th President of the United States by the Navy Department. A famous naval WTiter at one time wrote a book which he urged upon us the making of Guam the Gibraltar in the Pacific Since Guam is only a few hundred miles from Japan, this very much elarmed the Japanese, and quite nat- urally so. Before anything was done #bout it, however, the Washington treaties of 1922 made it impossible for us to fortify the island. Japan wa greatly relleved, and we were probably kept from what might have been a ve foolish undertaking. The Guam are not American citi are governed by a benevol namely, the navs Becretary of the Navy s their governor. He has recent . own responsibility, granted them a bill- of-rights and a form of government which, of course, can be changed at any | time by the Secretary of the Navy or President or the Congress, but seems admirably adapted to make the people of Guam happy and cor One of the problems which faces the Congress is whether Guam should con- tinue to be an insular poss United States or whether i given to Japan, which now sovereignty over the other the group, of which Guam principal and best harbor. It s me, however, hardly likely t people of the United States w to give away posses ours to our friends in Japan, a if we are going to keep it the Con- Eress oug’ to pass an organic act con- ferring upon ‘the citizens of Guam whatever rights and privileges are accord with our colonial policy, it we have onme. Meanwhile, the population of Guam, under the able direction of the Navy and the guidance of Navy surgeons, is rapidly increasing in health and in numbers. The children are nearly all at school, and there appears to be & good deal of happiness and contentment. Our transports touch in there occasionally on their way to the | Philippines, but the island has no com- mercial future and merely constitutes a colonial problem which, fortunately, has not yet become acute. Philippines Real Problem. The first group of islands which we touched after leaving S8an Francisco is under the Interior Department, the sec- ond is under the Navy, and as we go still further west we come upon a very large goup of islands that is under the War Department, namely, the Philip- pines. ere there are thousands of islands and more than 11.000,000 peo- ple, speaking 50 or 60 different lan- guages and dialects. Most of them are nominally of the Catholic faith, but some 800,000 of them are Mohammed- ans and incredibly brave fighters The roblem of what we are to do with the e Islands has been before us Janlpy 5004 will bo gexy n | 8ible, a solution which has certain ad- ented. | rior Secretaries Radio Forum. much before us during the next session of Congress and possibly for some years after that. It has bcen discussed so fully at one time or another that I shall not take it up fully this evening. Per- sonally I do not feel that we ought to give up the Philippine Islands at the pres:nt time. In fact, it seems to me that it would be wiser for them if we held them for at least 30 years longer | the end of 30 years we would offer them | the opportunity of becoming indepen- dent if they so desired. This ev'ning I am not so much concerned with argu- ments for or against Philippine inde- |pendence as I am with telling you briefly how they are governed. The citizens of the Philippine Islands are not American citizans. They live | under the flag, but not under the Con- | stitution. The eighteenth amendment { does not affect them. They can buy and | sell alcoholic beverages as they please, | but they do not abuse the privileg> and one s2ldom sees any drunkenness. They | have a legislature that makes most of their laws, subject to the approval of the governor and the President. The governor, vice governor, auditor and judges of the Supreme Court are ap- | pointed by the President, by and with | the consent of the Senate. Other im- | portant officials are appointed by the governor, subject to the approval of the Philippine Senate. Their interests in Washington have been ably looked after ‘b\' th: Bureau of Insular Affairs in the ‘Wnr Department and by the resident | commissioners, who have seats in the | House of Representatives, but no vote, and by various so-called ence missions, whose has usually consisted of some of the most distinguished and bril- liant members of the Philippine legis- lature, including the president of the Scnate and the speaker of the House and leaders of the majority and minority parties. The so-called Jones act, under which the Philippine Islands are gov- erned, and passed during the admini- stration of President Wilson, was inter- preted by the governor whom he sent | out in & manner which gave very great | powers to the Filipinos and reduced | American supervision to a minimum. | The result was disastrous, so far as | finances were concerned and also the | health of the people. Both smallpox |and cholera Increased from virtually | nothing to being a very serious menace, | taking thousands of lives, while the credit of the principal bank in the Philippine Islands fell to an alarmingly {low level. Gen. Wood undertook to re- store the health of the people and the |credit of the bank. He succceded, al- independ- membership o | though the effort cost him his life, and | there was very considerable friction en- | gendered between the administrative |and legislative branches of the Philip- | pine government. Under the last two {governor generals, S:cretary Stimson |and former Secretary of War Dwight | Davis, the good effects of Gen. Wood's | regime "have been continuzd without arousing personal animosities and there | has been harmony and eo-operation b tween the various branches of the gov- | ernment. Independence Agitation. Due, however, to the fact that labor unions do not want Filipinos to come | to California and the farmers’ organiza- tions do not want Philippine sugar and | coconut cil to compete with American products, duty free, and the Democrats have repeatedly stated in their national platforms that they believed in granting immediate independenec to the Philip- ines, the passage of legislation con- erning the Philippine Islands and the | | formation of anything like a colonial policy concerning them, even the ap- | pointment of a Congressional Commis- | sion to go out and study the situation, \is a'most impossible and has been | blocked time and ttme again during the past four or five years. Th2 same Mem- bers of Congress who are convinced that | the Filipinos should be granted their immediate independence have interfered with the confirmation of judges of the Philippine Supreme Court, have pre vented the granting of adequate salaris to the vice-governor and auditor, have made it impossible for the passage of an act authorizing the President to trans- fer Philippine affairs from the War Department to the Interior Department and have declined to permit members of mngtulmul committees to journey to the Philippines to hold hearings and make it easier for the poor people who | cannot afford to journey the long dis- | tances from Manila to Washington to | secure any redress of grievances at the hands of Congress. As regards the Phil- ippines we are virtually in a deadlock, & most unfortunate situation and one which does no good to these eleven mil- lion people who are at present our wards. It is probable that in the next tion for Philippine independence and that bills granting independence, either | immediately or within a few years, will | be passed by both branches. So far as I can judge there is a majority of | those in each House in favor of getting | | rid of the Philippines as soon as pos- | vantages for us, even though it also | has certain very grave disadvantages to | | our relations with the Far East. 8o far | |as the Pilipinos themselves are con- | | cerned, it will please their pride, but | | will very seriously affect the economic | | welfare of the great mass of the peo- | ple, reducing them to the level of ordi- nary East Indian coolies, and will greatly increase the extent of such diseases as smallpox and cholera. In addition to this it will be an act of bad faith so| far as the Mohammedans of the South- ern Philippines are concerned unless we | set them up as a separate government | under our protection, as was proposed | some time ago by Congressman Robert | |and made a dcfinite agreement that at | THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, l Speaks in Forum SENATOR HIRAM BINGHAM. has been a_very striking contrast to that in the Virgin Islands, where until recently we have not only maintained a naval establishment and paid the salary and expenses of officers, men and nurses, but have also contributed more than a quarter of & million dol- lars a year toward the other expenses of government, including roads and schools. Transferred Virgin Islands. Shortly before his visit to the Virgin Islands President Hoover them from the Navy Department to the | Interior Department, a most |move and one which might well be made with regard to all of our insular possessions, no matter how have been’ governed by the Navy D partment or the War Deparimen After all, the primary business of the War Department and the Navy De- partment is the national defense. The officers and men of the Army and Navy have as their principal work the duty of learning how to kill and destroy our enemies and how to prevent our ene- mies from killing and destroying us. It may be that this is a relic of barbarism, but the history of the human race shows that any nation which neglects to practice the art of self-defense and neglects to prepare adequately for the national defense is inviting disaster. As long as human nature is what it is we shall need policemen, Texas Rangers, the militia and a keen, alert Army and Navy. It seems to me logical that the departments which must attend to making the Army and Navy keen, alert, efficient and effective are essentially j unfitted to conduct the affairs of civil government. No one would want to elect the active general who is the ranking officer of the Army or the ac- tive admiral who is the ranking officer of the Navy to be also President of the United States. We do not elect pro- fessional soldiers to be Governors of our States, at least not while they are in command of troops. Similarly, it seems to me contrary to wise policy to appoint naval officers as governors of our island possessions. And I am glad to see that President Hoover has taken a step in the right direction by appoin ing as Governor of the Virgin Island not a naval officer, as he had a right to do and as his predecessors had done ever since we acquired the Virgin Islands by purchase {rom Denmark dur- ing the World War, but a distinguished civilian, In the early days of our possession of the Philippines and Porto Rico the President, nors, but this practice was given up | appointments in Porto Rico and the Ix:’nmppmes have been from eivilian e. Difficuit and Expensive. {1s difficult and expensive. ~About 95 { per cent of the population are Negroes. {Several thousand of their most ener- |getic and efficient relatives have gone | to New York, where they are frequently employed 2s domestic servants. There are some 20,000 remaining in the Virgin Islands. The two principal islands of ‘rlhe greup, St. Thomas and St. Crolx, are separated by a very rough ocean jand are far enough apart so that they { have very little intercourse. Each island has its own little legislature, called the Colonial Council, consisting of some representatives appointed by the Gov- |ernor and some elected by the citizens ’under franchise laws passed by their |own little councils. Their tax laws are |antiquated and ought to be revised. | Their export duty on sugar ought to |be removed, but this cannot be done juntil the tax laws of St. Croix are | changed so as to raise an equal amount | of money from taxes on real and per- | sonal property. Even so, the money which has been raised has only paid about half of the expenses of govern- ment, not to mention the very con- siderable amount contributed through the services of Navy personnel. The problem which confronts the new Gov- ernor of the Virgin Islands, and which in fact confronts the Congress, is a very complicated one, even though it only concerns 20,000 people. During the 15 ‘years that we have been there we have greatly improved the schools and hospitals and spent far more on the government than Denmark ever thought of doing. We have done things in the American way, which is another way of saying we have done things ina nice, sentimental and expensive way. We have been spending more than $500,007 a year on a government of 20,000 people. " They themsslves con- tributed another $250,000. This makes the government of these very poor people cost $37.50 for each man, woman and child. "No eity or county of the United States would think of support- ing a government as expensive as that What are we going to do about it? That is the question on which the new Governor and the Secretary of the Bacon of New York. They wer: never | conquered by the Spanish or Filipinos. They finally surrendered to American troops and laid down their arms on the | understanding that we would look fter | them. ~This presents one of the most | serious problems which we have to con- | sider in Philippine legisiation. Very Like Hawaiians There s another group of islands in the Pacific which comes under the N partment, namely, American Samoa. Here there are some 10,000 charming Polynesian cousins of Hawatians. very like them in hospi- e and refinement. Their d never been con- dy. Three years ago the Congress accepted this gift and sent out a commission to draft an |organic act, which passed the Senate during the last Congress, but, owing to the shortness of the session, was not considered by the House of Representa- t At the present time Samoa is governed by the Navy. The Secretary of the Navy sends out a new Governor every 18 months. The Governor makes |the 'laws and is the final court of appeal. He is a benevolent despot, whose actions have really tended toward promoting the health and pros- perity of the Samoans. The American Samoan Commission, however, has rec- ommended that these cousins of the Hawalans be placed on the same status as regards citizenship as are the Ha- wallans and that they be given a bill of rights, and that every effort be made to preserve their customs and their lands for the natives of Samoa. Their chief possession is a marvelous harbor, the most protected against hurricanes of any in the South Seas. We have made very few appropriations for Samoa, except through the Navy De- [pnrtmmt in the shape of the pay of | officers and men and nurses who have taken care of their physical and po- litical welfare. The Samoans them- selves have raised practically all the money and labor which has gone into the bullding of schools and roads and their maintenance. Flnapcialiy, our experience in Bamoa | the | | Interior will have to advise the Con- {gress and to which we must give at- tention before very long. No Legitimate Excuse. Finally there is Porto Rico, a beauti- ful isiand, more denscly populated than / State of the Union except two, in- 1abited by hardworking descendanis of anish immigrants. They have taken advantage of American ideas of health and sanitation to more than double the tion since we took possession of b island. Like the citizens of the Virgin Islands they are American citi- zens. Unlike them they are mostly white. Like them they have a Governor | them they are related to the Federal Government through the War Depart- ment, a situation for which I can find no legitimate excuse. The Porto Rican Legislature makes most all of their laws under an organic act, which gives them wide powers. The President appoints the Governor, the auditor and two or | three other officials besides the judges of their principal courts. I have sometimes felt that in view cf the proximity of the Virgin Islands to Porto Rico a good deal of expense might be saved by placing both under cne Governor and one audi- tor. In view, however, of the difference in historic background, between the English-speaking Negroes Islands and the Spanish-speaking Porto Ricans, it is doubtful whether such a plen would be practicable. At the same Ume, T do feel that some bureau in the Interior Department ought to handle the affairs of all of our insular posses- sions, and outght to be in close touch with the bureau that handles the affairs of our territories. While the problems of Alaska and Hawaii are necessarily different from those of Porto Rico and American Samoa. nevertheless, it seems to me only comm:n sense that one cabi- net officer should devote his time to in- sular problems, rather tnan laying the burden on the shoulders of different cabinet officers. Today the Secretary of War seems to me to have a heavier burden of duties and a more complex range o _cover than any other cabinet minister. It seems to me the part of wisdom, 1o Televe Bim Community ~ Center _Department, Franklin Administration Building, Na- An_exhibit of true-scale models will be held at the National Mu- Awards for workmanship will be pre- sented in the auditorium of the Na- Columbia Heights Center, Teachers’ College, Eleventh and Har- Tuesday—Afternoon, Rhythmic danc- ing; evening, Oates’ Orchestra, George- Wednesday — Afternoon, dancing. ers, American Legion, Monroe A. C., Capital City Orchestra. Nos. 49 and 41, Appalachian Trail Club presents illustrated lecture on “Poison- Bites,” Old-time Dance Club, young people’s dance. | rhythmic groups of center. | Chevy Chase Center, E. V. Brown | ley street: | Monday—Afternoon, French conver- | tional 1300. aircraft seum April 16, through April 19. tional Museum Sunday at 2 p.m. vard stree town A. C., Columbia Players. rhythmic ‘Thursday—Evening, Columbia Play- Friday—Evening, Boy Scout Troops ous Snakes and Treatment of Snake Saturday—Evening, dance recital by | School, Connecticut avenue and McKin- | sation, music. Tuesday—Afternoon, rhythm, music, | model airplane. Wednesday—Morning, music _section of the Chevy Chase Woman's Club. Thursday—Afternoon, rhythm, tap, carpentry, French conversation. Ben Murch School, Thirty-sixth and Ellicott place Monday—Afternoon, rhythm; evening, tap for juniors and adults, women's | transferred | Togical | through the War Depart- | ment, appointed Army officers as gover- | years ago and all recent_gubernatorial | | The government of the Virgin Islands | | appointed by the President, but unlike | of the Virgin | gym Friday—Afternoon, tap, music. Saturday—Evening, social dancing for Juniors | t Washington Center, Seventeenth | and Fast Capitol streets: Tuesdav—Evening, basket ball, dress- making, Washington Boys' Independent Band, community dancing, open library. Thursday-—Evening, East Washington Community Players, open library. Saturday—Evening, rhythmic dancing for girls, Boy Scout Troop No. 86, so- cial dancing, community program with moving pictures. Langley Center, Second and T streets northeast: Friday—Evening, Elks’ Boys' Band re- hearsal. Saturday—Evening, social dance. Georgetown Center, Gordon Junlor | High, Thirty-fourth street and Wiscon- | sin_avenue: | Thursday—Afternoon, rhythm and| tap dancing, Girl Scout Troop No. 71 Macfarland Center, Jowa avenue and ‘Webster street: Monday—Afternoon, thythm and tap | dancing at Barnard School; evening, At Community Centers Twelfth and L Monday—Afternoon, rehearsal for cast in children’s Spring festival; evening, Community Drama Guild rehearsal. Tuesday—Evening, French beginners’ group, open to new members; Spanish, beginners and advanced groups, Parent- Teacher meeting, Columbia Court Mac- cabees’ drill team, auction bridge in- struction and practice groups, advanced French, dramatic rehearsal. ‘Wednesday — Afternoon, children’s music groups in violin, cello, cornet; !V!nlnf. Community Drama Guild re- hearsal. ‘Thursday—Afternoon, tap dancing for children's junior group and re- hearsal for Spring festival, tap dancing and rehearsal for senior group; eve- ning, tap dancing for adult advanced group, Community Drama Guild re- hearsal, Gaelic study group, lyric or- chestra, Free Lance Club, lecture on Irish history. Friday—Afternoon, rhythm practice for senlor children: evening, French begin- ners’ group, tap dancing for beginners and advanced group, Community Drama Guild rehearsal, Boy Scouts, Stamp Club, French advanced group, social dancing for adults, instruction and practice. Saturday—Morning, music groups for children in violin, piano, drums, saxo- phone, trombone, clarinet and xylo- {hone: rhythm for small children, prac- ice for children’s Spring festival. Southeast Center, Hine Junior High, Seventh and C streets southeast: Monday evening—Jack Hass athletic groups, ~Friendship House athletic groups, room open to adults, instruction in bridge, backgammon and other games, Romeo Concert Orchestra, basket ball and athletics, Kellar A. C., Kelly A. C. ‘Wednesday evening—Tap dancing for adults, Jack Hass athletic groups, Priendship House athletic groups, game rcom open to adults, basket practice. Thursday afternoon—Girl Scout Troops Nos. 11 and 33; evening, Hine P.-T. A. Friday evening—Rehearsals for “Peter Pan” and for “Wizard of Oz” tumbling team, oratorical contest by Girl Scouts, community dancing. —____TOURS CARIBBEAN (WEST INDIES PaNnama | Women's Benefit Association at Mac- farland. | | Wednesday—Afternoon, rhythm group | | at_Macfarland. | Friday—Evening, rhythm and tap| | daficing, Boy Scout Troop No. 30, Mac- | farland P.-T. A, Saturday- orning, Dramatics and acrobatics at Petworth School. | Park View Center, Warder and New- | ton streets | | Wednesday — Afternoon, rhythmic | | dancing. | | _Priday—Evening, Children's Game | Club, tap dancing, Boy Bcout Troop No. | 49, Girl Scout Troop No. 19, boys' wood- | | work, china painting, Fifth Junior and | | Senior B. Y. P. U. Athletic Clubs. Takoma Center, Piney Branch road and Dahlia street: | . Monday—Afternoon, Girl Scout Troop No. 60. Tuesday—Afternoon, rhythm and tap dancing for children. Wednesday—Afternoon, rhythm and tap dancing for children. Friday—Afternoon, Audubon bird study group; evening. ladies’ gym and tap; dancing for adults. Saturday — Evening, dancing | juniors. for of the duty of looking after the Phil- ippiries and Porto Rico. He is virtually minister of public works, since through the Corps of Engineers all great river and haroor projects have to pass under his supervisicn. In addition to that it Secretary of the Navy has not as many duties as has the Secretary of Way, but | his problems are sufficiently difficult to | require all of his attention without in- sising * ¢ he concern himself with little g »f islands where the Navy has a narbor. Our own Western Indians used to be under the War De- | partment, but many years ago they were | transferred to the Interior Department. | The problems of the Secretary of the | Interior are generally the problems of | civil administration d~aling with a wide | range cf subjects, m-ny of which are similar to the probler's which confront our island governments. I hope the day may soon come when he will be per- mitted to co-ordinate all of our insular activities. I believe tils will be to the | tenefit of the nationa! defense and will also make for the happiness of our | wards who look to us for protection and guidance. —__TOURS. | Here’s your - MAIL THIS COUPON NOW.. DEPARTMENT OF TOURS Chicago & North Western 1 Franklin Trust Blds. or Unlon Pacifie 808 Commereial Trust Bids. Philadelphla, Pa. N o Trip- Can Equal This Mail the coupon now! Let it open the gateways .to you for a summer 3of joy—at little cost— without a care. Know ex- ! actly what it will cost be- 1 A fore youstart. Our thirty- FB one successful years of experience assure you of the utmost in travel pleasure, convenience and comfort. We serve 15 National Parks and more of the West than any other railroad, including — Yellowstone, Zien, Bryce, Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountain, Rain }) Yosemite National Parks. 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Steamsbip Tickets by all Lines Cook's Travellers’ Cheques THOS. C0OK & SON ‘ashington Loan & Trust Bidg. 91! FoSts ball | APRIL 12, 1931—PART TWO. Saturday morning—Tap dancing, violin and plano groups for children; afternoon, matinee entertainment by seventh division, P.-T. A.; evening, seventh division P.-T. A. entertainment. Buchanan Auditorium, Thirteenth m-:ee between D and E streets south- sast: Monday afternoon—Children's danc- ing; evening, Victory Post Drum and Bugle American Legion. ‘Wednesday afternoon—Southeast Air- plane Clul ‘Thursds evening—Southeast Busi- ness Men’s Anniversary Dance. Friday evening—Buchanan P.-T. A.| entertainment. Birney Center, Nichols avenue and Howard street southeast: | Monday evening—Newsboys' Club, boys' game group, industrial art, Ana- costia Needle Guild, Birney Choral So- clety presents cantata “Song of Thanks- glving,” girls’ art group, Wistaria Dra- matic Club, Henson's Melody Orchestra, | girls’ social group, Choral Society, boy basket ball, Anacostia Junior and Senior | Athletic Clubs. | ‘Tuesday afternoon—Music group. | Thursday afternoon—Music group, | ‘Toy Symphony Orchestra. i Friday afterncon—Girls’ Glee Club, | girls’ basket ball; evening, social dance. Garnet-Patterson Center, Tenth and | U streets: | Monday evening—Elks A. C., Arrow A. | C., 8t. Luke Boys’ Club, first aid. ! MSHIPS. )‘stT'H by SEA FROM NEW YORK Newest, largest and most magnificent steamers between the North and South. | To MIAMI—Every Saturday. | To JACKSONVILLE—Every Tesday, Thursday and Sator- ay. To CHARLESTON, S. C.— Every Tuesday, Thursday and aiternate Saturdays. To GALVESTON, TEXAS— | il 18, May 2 and every Saturcay thereafter. Take your car, Low ra when accompanied. | ALL EXPENSE TOURS | Economieal all-expense Tours from s a, 6 to 12 .50 up on, D. | | Authorized Tourst Agent | ® Empress of Britain and most direct route. and Continental ports. EUROPE TRY ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY new luxury in transatlantic travel ... space! More than this, a 5-day giantess. She speeds to Europe via the St. Lawrence Seaway, shortest 3 EMPRESSES . . . New Empress of Britain and her two sister Empresses. First Class. Lower 1931 rates. Sailing Saturdays. Train overnight direct to ship’s side at Québec. 4 DUCHESSES . . . 20,000-gross-ton liners offering new Duchess Class. Sailing every Friday. 6 CABIN LINERS . . . Every comfort at still lower cost! One to two sailings every week. ® Tourist Third and Third Class, too. 1v’s the shorter seaway from Montreal to British ORIENT have more days to enjoy ‘Tuesday evenings—Art group, Oolum-' bia Lodge Band, Garnet-Patterson P.-T. A., Amphion Glee Club, Coleride Taylor | Choral Society, home hygiene, Garnet- | Patterson Junior A. C. Wednesday evening—Columbia Lodge irill team, Emancipation Auxiliary, Gar- net-Patterson Junior A. C. Thursday evening—Art Ross’ Band, piano, Columbla Temple drill, Columbia Temple Chorus, first aid group. Lovejoy Center, Twelfth and D streets northeast: Monday afterncon—Music group; eve- ning, Boy Scout Club, junior recreation group, Lovejoy A. C., girls’ industrial group, girls’ play (games) group, club room. Wednesday evening — Community center leaders are giving a party to the junior recreation group and Boy Scout Club, recreation group, Manchester Juniors, Manchester A. C., Tcgan A. C., Manchester Auxiliary, Community Club (girls’ games and dramatics), Just So Club, club room. West Washington Center, Francis Junior High, Twenty-fourth and N | street Friday . evening—Athletics, games, handcraft, Newsboys' Club, social and dramatic clubs. The Handeraft Club will have a party. No better TONIC than a spring SEA trip Salt air on sunny decks, as you sail from Baltimore on a steady Mer- chants & Miners ship . . . and the sight of new places. Why, there never was a better tonic! All- Expense tours to Florida $81 up; trips to St. Augustine, Miami, Bok Singing Tower, Savannah and various points. Florida sailings from Baltimore every Tuesday, Friday, 6 P. M. o Apply 1338 H Se., S N.W. Washington MERCHANTS & MINERS TRANSPORTATION €O. a new giantess with a ’ STEAMSHIPS. fiLARK‘s FAMOUS CRUISES $.5. Calgaric-$550 up rmo: Naples : Genoa s by the sumptvous CONTE GRANDE Stopever privileges at all ports Connections to Egypt end Near Eost ship...mingle with talented, cultured people . . . sleep in an ipmaculate, spacious stoteroom on deck . . . play bridge in the of salons . . . disport at tennis, queits and shuffieboard on o brood, clean deck ... laze in a cushioned deck chair ««. oat fine, fresh food with @ wide variety of enticing dishes glorious days on a fine s! fons displacement. Select your ship== $S AMERICAN TRADER §S AMERICAN BANKER S$S AMERICAN MERCHANT $S AMERICAN SHIPPER §$S AMERICAN FARMER Weekly sailings from Pi North River, New York.. at Plymouth when United States Mail. local steamship agent or write AMERICAN MERCHANT LINES John W. Childres: 1027 Cgpnecti Pron Axent General ve. ington National CALIFORNIA Anu May 7th President Liners sail every week, New York to California, via Hae vana and the Panama Canal. Enjoy the many advantages only Dollar Line offers. Stop- over 6 hours longer in Ha- vana. Exceptionally large outside staterooms. Preside: Liners dock at en the Canal —Cristobal and Balboa. Stop over anywhere. There is another President Liner in a week. Know the cosmopolitan, friendly atmosphere so nat- ural to these ships that know the world. Next Sailings: S. S. President Wilson—April 28 S. S. President Van Buren—May 7 Havana All-Expense Tours 11 Days—$150. DOLILAR ©® GO EMPRESS...the Orient is days nearer by the giantesses of the white Empress fleet. Huge new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner on the Pacific, and Empress of Canada go ria . Empress of Russi and Empress of Asia take the Speedway Express di- rect to Yokohama. Both routes from Vancouver (trains direct to shi side) and Victoria. Go Empress . . . enjoy 1931 travel luxuries, talked- of cuisine, “of-the-Orient” service. Now “Empress” Cabin, the talk of the Pacific...also Tourist and Third. @ Independent travel-touring round the world and Orient conducted tours. © REDUCED ROUND TRIP SUMMER FARES!"First” from $450.."Cabin” from $283, Fupress-Britain WORLD CRUISE ® Join the port-to-port gala on the Empress World Cruise . . . first time a 5-day-to-Europe liner has ever made the turn around the world ++ . ports weary with world-shipping will rouse to vivid interest with the arrival of this magnifi- cent vessel to marvel at her size, her splendour. New luxury of living aboard . . . 27-foot living apartments . . . 245 with bath ... 1- to 5-room suites . . . sun, air, controllable heat and venti- lation. Sports Deck and Lounge Deck like smart clubs . . . full-size tennis and squash-racquets eourts, racing swimming pool. Fares from $2,000; apartments with hath, at new low rates. From New York next December 3rd. OTHER STEAMSHIP SERVICES From New York Winter Cruises. . . Mediterranean, West Indies. Bermuda, every Saturday. Information and reservations from your own agent, o Canadian Pacifie General Agent C. E. Phelps; 14th and New York Ave. NW ., § Washington, D. C. National 0758 LISTEN fully different radio pom E N Cansdian Pacific Musical Cruisaders. o delight- mme, prodaced in Canads. Wednesday, T. WJZ and amociated NBC Stations. STEAMSHIP LINES 1005 Connecticut, N. W., Washington Metropolitan 0695 | ALL EXPENSE | Spring Tours *“BERMUDA | A 'ond-tlul':;fly vacation! Two | sea-voyages witl journ Tatda’ stmahine. Swion o0 cors beach. Golf on six courses. island | Tennis. Great ocean liners with full Transatluntio comforts, --Furncas’ service and every cxpense paid. SAILINGS EVERY WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY IMPORTANT T E S S e St Lo .u from . 8. “Fort St. e Manhattan Pier 95 (Weat 35th St) " and aud go direct to at (Bermuda) thus aveidin venience of five-mile t anchorage. incon- fer from FURNI] 34 Whitchall 8t. (where Broadway begins) Finh Avers New York: dkoried geet