Evening Star Newspaper, April 12, 1931, Page 27

EDITORIAL SECTION The Sunday Star. Part 2—8 Pages WASHINGTON, APRIL 12, 1931. SUNDAY MORNIN( SPIRIT OF FAIR PLAY PASSING IN EUROPE Peace of Old World in Grave Danger. Declares Former Premier of France. BY EDOUARD HERRIOT. ARIS.—Never since the World War has the international situs tion appeared as grave as toda. We arrived at a critical stage in the crusade against war, and| the most resolute pacifists—among | whom I count myself—are beginning to | wonder if the foundation of a new order | is humanly possible. The position in which Briand now finds himself is indeed a dramatic onc. He desired peace with all his soul and the world should take he He is its greatest symbol. Any failure he en- ers will automaticaily entail retro- on in the great cause of peace. o formulas between which the must choose have come again into conflict, like a struggle between two hostile craft at sea. On the one hand, the work of European peace organiza- tion continues. That is. a tedious task has begun under the most adverse con- ditions. Economic Parley Fails. ‘The international economic confer- ence, engaged for many months in its work, has failed. Moreover, its presi- dent.” Colijn. doesn't darc affirm even at the Commercial Convention of March, 1930, is still in force. Colijn | v heartil commends in all honesty hat a veritable SOS signal be addressed to other European states, explaining the grave danger to all concerned in the | present condition of affairs. In the meantime the executive com- mission for European Union, charged | with proposing a plan of reform, met | at Paris March 26 under the presidency | of Briand and cast anxiously about for | help from all lovers of peace. The out-| look is not encouraging and the general session in May probably will witness an even graver condition. The executive commission studied | secondary questions in its meeting. | ch as those of transport and the treatment of foreign regulations regard- ing the transmission of _electrical | encrgy. They rightly chose those mod- | est subjects ‘in the effort to achieve | the beginning cf & pan-European agrec- ment. But there is still the terrific| question of unemployment, particularly | &s it applies to Eastern Europe. | As a matter of fact, the executive | commission’s meeting was quite profit- able. Its invitation to Sir Eric Drum- mond expressed its feeling for affiliation with the League of Nations. Briand ex- plained forcefully the information he | had received that suggested a condit'on | approaching economic anarchy in Europe. He pointed out the wheat quest.on was all important, even ‘o the | temporary exclusion of a general work- ing plan. The reckoning may mot be | Jong delaved. Behind Briand's prudent- 1y diplomatic formulas may well be per ceived angu'sh that torments the minds of those who have undertaken to outla war. Finds Vital Beginning. The commission has done well to defer until the general session the ques- | tions proposed—organization, agricul- tural colidarity and treatment of for- eigners. Thanks to Albert Thomas, that robust artisan in internaticnal prob- lems, it may reasonably be expected that the question of European unem- | oyment will be approached compre. hensively within the next few weeks. Von Simson, the former German secre- tary of state fcr foreign affairs. also zeems to have interested himself in the common cause, having presented vari- ous interesting propositions regarding the carburizing agents. We may then that the efforts of the commission reprcsent at least an important beginnng. Little clse can be expected, as a_matter of fact, for the proposals of this comm!ission must be submitted to a formal tote of the Geneva Assembly before any organiza- tion can be creeted. I obssrved. more- ov with great and sincere pleasure, the activity with which the North Euro- pean resentat'ves collaborated in their work before the executive commis- sion of the League of Nations. Too much cannot be accorded them nd, it must be admit- ths continued 2ca- ative aspect 4 are most di not undertaken ess division and Regrettable of Grandi. are Every one zeems Discourzged by Results. o do under agenda of on of the pted without impcrtant 5 an conditions Motta proposed mere generalities, even the world economic crisis was be- g accentuated. It has been an- no coml t ~n the t problem will be avail t the May meeting. No solution r disposing of the surplus il that can be ex- gcssion will oblem Itural cradits juestion of the transm’ssion 1 energy, the Beigian and wegian governments prasented sev- interesting ideas. That is all, and couragingly littie. the present no substantial 1 me out at the May confusion: eve: on. _even the European Rome's interna- e learn there ubled atmosphere European ed States of absented ~ of observers t paid for their of the delegates ntial tariffs brinz profit states, en- oppositio closed plcture It is indispensable 18 out the divergenses and the of peace forces. A man lcss or less tenacious. or less han Briand would icng ago abandoned weaving the peace abric which inevitably would have been tangled or broken Cites Story of Penelope. The legend of Penclope may well serve ustrate the case. She promised to ake a_choice among her many suitors when she finished the shroud she was weaving for her father-in-law, Laertes Each night she undid the day's work. Today it is the egotism of the nations that unceasingly destroy the work of peace Iovers, Briand, the greatest of peace lovers, sees himself passionatcly attacked, even in his own country, for having undertaken!the abolition of war. While the forces of ideaism are being beset by insurmountable obstacles, those of brutal realism are gaining their ends. And with what violence? The news of the Austro-German customs ’ECC’J!‘G burst over Europe like & mighty clap of thunder. We must Tecognize frankly that our Prench diplomats have been duped and played with. An ac- cord was prepared in secrct. This pro- tocol appeared abruptly during the sit- ting of the League's commission. Ar- ticle 2 of the agreement, establishing be- tween Austria and Germany “concort ant customs law and customs tariff, was a_great blow for those—among whom I am—who advocated the aboli- ticn of seeret dipiomacy, What a deception for these who. smarting under outrageous treatment asked for the institution of a loyal pol- iey of trust between France and Ger- 1 batever possibility ¥ ranco-German rapproche- ment. nurtured for ycars by the efforts of prace lovers, has disappeared. What can we say tb thcse who say ta u: It | you had not prematurely evacuated the Rhineland. Germany would not have | been able to prepare this customs ac- cord. which is the first and essential act leading to anschlus: Fears More Bloodshed. But at Jeast let us avoid equivocal formules. More than the propcsed treaty itself, I condemn its first article. which presents the Austro-German a cord as “marking the beginning of a new solution to the economic problem by means of regional agreements.” No. a thousand times no! Let them tell us the trutlf, even though it is dangerous. We only tod easily perceived in this contract the old Zoliverein, which in carlicr days established German unity, based on Prussia, and.which was the cause of 50 much bloodshed. If, as ‘cx-Chancellor Renner said, it was truly their purpose to defend Eu- rope aganist the dangers threatening it. and in particular against the Russian peril, that would be an excellent rea- son why European solidarity should not have been rent asunder at the very moment Briand was struggling to con- | solidate it. Our French commission for the European customs union, under the presidency of Le Troquer, hes just ob- served with a singular force that the excuse invoked by the contractants is in admissible, since there already ex- ists a project for a European union I cite the commission’s text, for I think it essential: “It appesrs contrary to the spirit and the letter of the prin- | ciples in force which guide the com- mission in studying the proposed Eu- ropean union that two of miny Euro- pean states, members of this very com- mission, should esteblish an_economic or customs accord, inform other states only when such accords are accom- plished in fact and without having en- gaged in any preliminary negotiations.” Favors League Action. Such 1is the. observation of lovalty and good sensc. Trere is still ancther argument against accord. If, indeed. |it had been a question of regional egreement in accordance with the new | spirit, why should there have been hes- itation about submitting it to the League of Nations? Why not have brougtt it to the attention of the states through diplomatic channels, as seems to have been Austria’s desire from the start? Speaking before the House of Com- mons, Arthur Henderson commented | opportunely upon this lack of interna- | tional fair play. He maintained tie point of view of true peace lovers in his 2nnouncement that an appeal probably would be made to a permanent inter- national court of justice. To all those who love peace we should like to give warning of the gravity of this confiict between those ideas on which we are trying to build a new order and the political policies of pr 23 I this conflict is not che: cifist propaganda, in France at least, will become impcssible. This is toe difficult situation in which Briand found himself recently before the Eenate. It even may be true that the Austro-Geiman accord robbed him of presidency of the French Republic Nationalists are exulting everywhere. The groups of the Left in the French Chember 2re finding themselves agreed as to the common danger. The oren pelicy of peace was never more seri ously threatened by the attacks of cret diplomacy. Unless great care | taken, one will destroy the other. Let all pacifists beware! ‘Coprrizat. 1931 Vienna Gives Present For 50th Wedding Day VIE A e number of golden wedding celebrations have been nna so far this yvear ¥ in Februa 1929, only 25 couples celcbrated their 50th wedding anniversary, 33 couples in the corre- sponding month in 1930 received the congietulations of their friends, and in Frbruary, 1931, there vere 46 couples who had been married 50 years. A< bas been the custom for many years, the couples not only receive gifts and congratulations from their, fricnds, but in Vienna they receive a present, usuzlly of money or gold watches, from the community of Vienna. Vienna also presents a gift to every moth-r the day a baby is born—a giit of blankets, and other things. which i locally called a “ballot box.” since it ally helps insure support of the city government from the young couple. This year the representative of Viznna, handing out money or presen t car-cld couples was force tance to bestow hs city t on one of the women in a hos- where the ward had be-n cheer- decorated for the occasion Turks Think Istanbul Will Be Like Gotham ISTANBUL. — That Istanbul will becoms arvother New York, with 109- story skyscrapers, suspension bridges. subways and elevateds, is now firm: establ’shed in the mind of the Turk The Americanization of Turkey has been much talked about and discuss=d but so far there were n> definite ex- amples of a drastic American influx. Now things have changed ‘The Turkish trains have finally mod- sled themselves after the American ones. Not that they are equipped with parlor cars. diners, hot showers, maids and valets. Neither do they travel at 80 miles an hour and call it fair running The Turkish trains still suit the slow pace cf the Eastern world, where no onc is in a hurry and no one needs to break- fast in one city and lunch in another hundreds of miles apart The - only tbing that American and Turkish trains have in common is ihat very odd and shrill whist'e which tries to ‘imitate that of a boat. This Dbas been accomplished, and that all the rest, even to bathtubs and chewing gum. will follow speedi'y is not doubted at all in Turkey, y Guarding America’s Gates Immigration of Foreign Peoples Presents Many Problems for®Those Who Would Protect U. S. RS 0 S P AP 4 B Tp———————————— I S A R AR S 9 BY HARRY E. HULL, Commissioner General of Immigration of The United ATE last muon Court of the U ated a large number of jobs for American citizens: Waiters, car- penters, bricklayers, stesl mill workers. farmers, clerks nd almost every other class of workers. Our highest court did this, hiring any one, but by a de dered through Justice Holmes which will, in practical effect. cieate vacanci Those vacancies are the jobs and po; tions held by alien shores v thousands of men from cials, because there was a legal question ed in the I the statuta of limitations pre- tation after such aliens had of the United will proceed! Burcau of Immi- a part of the our laws at the beginning of taeir imbued with and were capable of fi the idea of persecuting and prosecuting after the fact became known to our immigration unlawful entry purpose is to administer = Drawn for The Sunday Star by Robert Lawson. the laws of the United States. enacted by Congress. And the very “foreigners whom 1t is often unjustly accused of persecuting not infrequently render vol- untary assistance in the work of en- forcement I recall. for instance. one letter that reached my desk not long ago from a woman in Cleveland, reading some- thing like this “Your honorable department will get an application soon from Sonia X—for more time to stay in this country. You will_ make a big mistake if you grant (Oontinued on Fourth Page.) Warns U. S. of Pitfalls Montagu C. Norman Declares Dole Perilous Blunder—Discusses America’s Business Slump. BY FREDERIC WILLIAM WILE LOSE-MOUTHED Gov. Montagu C. Norman of the Ban England has concluded a in Washington. which resul in valuable exchanges of views experiences with President Hoo- cretar Stimson and Gov. Mey of the Federal Beard. = With that descri British finan act t Capital rican cials with whom he conferred the whole story is told. They that no Anglo-American deal action or proposal of any kind what- soever was discussed in any way, shape or form. The basic problems of gold and s ver, now bulking fo eonspicuous the economies of all nations: naturali: figured in Goy. Norman's causeries Washington. But po new Anglo-Amer- ican arrangements. such as the big 1927 affair, in_which this country co-oper- ated with the Bank of England for stabilization of the pound sterling at its traditional level. were broached by the bank's head during his three days of conference conversation here. Nor- man_emphasized over and over again on the contrary, that he had “no spe- cial mission” in the United States this me. He just came to “look. see” and, f desired, to supply any information he possessed These are the major items in the eries of acted talks the Bank of England chieftain held in Washington conomic situation in the =, with particular regard to of improvement 2. The ceonomic outlook in Great Britain 3. Conditions in Germany and their cffect upon the general situation in Europe and the world. Governor Norman is faciturn only vith reporiers. His official hosts in the White Hruse, State and Treasury De- found him communicative in st degree. They derived im- mensely instructive information from | m about the state of affairs in Eu- rope, with which the Bank of England is. of course, in close and constant ccn- tact. Governor Norman was hardly lcss interesting in_his observations about things in the United States, as he sur- veys them with his practiced eye. bas came here regularly once and some- time: twice a year since the “Old Lady cf Threadneedle Street,” regardiess of precedent, has been keeping him in the governorship term after term for 11 years, Norman compares the business de- pression in the United States to a wound. A wound, he says, cannot be properly healed by covering it with a cr—in the case of a de-p financial gash, with & plaster in the form of makeshift panaceas designed to effect C. NORMAN, the semblance of Norman’s theory rather is that such a wound of depression as that from which this country is suffer will not be I neath and around the He thinks that process is in irresistible ut will take time. a cure over turned cn the dole which has been in long and costly operation in the British Isles and in Germany. Norman's Amer- ican friends were led to believe that he looks upon the dole as more of an ir- ritant than a remedy for wcrkless con- * that is having soctal and eco- g, cannot be and aled until the “cells” be- cund heal up. ditions, and a " debilitating _effe: nomic stability 3§ The fight ihe Germans are making, in the face of desperate odds, to mai tain political and economic equilibrium, evidently arouses the unqualified ad- 2e Bank of England's gov- Recause of the strong polfcies of President Hindenburg and Chan- wes received that he would deplcre any effort in the United States to apply a kind of “plaster” w curing one of Great wounds,” namely, unemploy- Conversation ich Las been tried celior Bruening, seconded by the saga- clous conduct of the Reich's external affairs by Forelgn Minister Curtius, it appears to be London's opinion that the whole European economic struc is being effectively strengthened. Iu- rope was shocked to its foundations cight months ago when the “Septem- ber revolution” in the German elections swept Hitlerism into a position of men- acing strength. Capital took flight on a predigious scale, It found its way into France, Switzerland and Holland, especially into France. This upset normal conditions. including gold condi- tions, in Great Britain and the effects ramified across the Atlantic into the United States, manifesting itself, among other w: in unhealthy swelling of short-term credits. g With a continuance of the Hinden- burg - Bruening - Curtius resistance to Hitlerite radicalism it is hoped that the flight of capital from Germany will not onjv be arrested, but that much which took wings will return. A stabilization in the Reich should ensue and the con- sequences thereof flow through all Europe. It is not known whether Gov. Nor- man was interested in learning what Washington thinks of German-Aus- trian customs union. If he asked, he was told that the United States looks upon that project not only as a natural political. geographical and cultural fusion, but one bound to improve eco- nomic conditions in both Germany and stria Such improvement, Ameri- can authorities hold. would benefit the whole world. especially countries that want to sell goods to the Teutonic peoples. Greal Britain's attitude to- ward the Berlin-Vienna tariff merger will be a main theme of discussion | at the conference in England, to which | Prime Minister MacDonald and For- cign Minister Henderson have invited Chancellor Bruening and Foreign Min- ister Curtius early in June. Gov. Norman found Washington high officialdom _disinclined to enact the role of prophet with respect to the course of American economic depres- sion. He found our responsible spokes- men hopeful and far removed from FRANCE IS DETERMINED TO UPHOLD STATUS QUO With Relative Prosperity at Home, She tands Ready to Defend Fruits of Victory. BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ARIS.—Whether one enters France from England. Germany or Spain the first impre: is unmistak- ably that of passing from storm to tranquillity. And even if in Italy Fascist dictatorship has arrived at a mastery which has obliterated all sense of resistance, the very multi- plicity of functionaries, military and other, on the frontier emphasizes the difference between a country in which Doumergue is President and that in which Mussolini is master Of «ll Furopean countries France is precis-ly the state which has recovered | from the war most completely, and is flering {rom the econo It is a count rast with Britain, where | the whole economic future of the na tion is admittedly in doubt: by contrast with Germany, where the shadow of revolution is never quite absent: by con- trast with Spain, where the throne seems hourly menaced. And it is the sole considerable country on the Con- tinent where the possibility of a dicta- torship. cither of Fascists, as in Italy or of Reds, as in Russia, is out of the guestion. If an Englishman, a German. an Italian, a Russian and a Prenchman who died in the years before the war were permnitted to return to this planet, only the Frenchman would find himself at_home—politically. socially. economi- cally. And the result is the profound calm which permeates the country. which gives the French Parliament the atmcsphere of a rest cure when com- | pared with the House of Commons. the Reichstag or even with the American | institutions on Capito} Hill Few Draw Doles. On the economic side the French gov- ernment, is paying doles to something less than 50,000 unemployed, where the British is paying dole to 2,600,000 and the Germans to 4.900,000. It is true that the actually unemployed in France amount to 500.000. but in the main these are the foreigners who came to France in search of work, found it in the recent good times, and are now flowing back to Poland, Italy. Spain and Belgium. *Of this foreign labor France has more than 1.500,000, so it is clear that there is a great deal of slack to take up before there is a real crisi Generally speaking. the cost of living is lower and the quality of eating better than anywhere else in the world. There are no bread lines, no processions of the workless, and, as far as one can see, no danger of a deficit and no peril of new and higher taxes. Now the net effect of all these cir- cumstances is of very great importance in the consideration of international problems in Europe. And it is most important in the matter of the all- important Franco-German relations Germany. as I tried to make clear in my articles from Berlin, is seething with Tevolt against the whole existing | situation in Europe. It demands the Tevision of frontiers, the abolition of | naniof the Teague and in the Kenaes | pact. But no party in France, no in- reparations and the establishment of equality in armaments between Ger- many and France. either by French disarmament or German rearmament. Opposes New Frontiers, And to all of these major conditions a satisfied and secure France returns an emphatic negative. PFrance is op- posed to all revision of frontiers, be- cause it can be accomplished only at the expense of those nations closely bound to her by alliances, which make her for all practical purposes the arbiter of Europe. In the League of Nations| Germany is possible; that there is & Poland, Czechoslovakia, Rumania and Jugoslavia are her faithful partners Aside from the armies of this coalition, only those of Italy and Russia arc formidable. If Germany chooses, as she an- nounces is her purpose, to make revi- slon of frontiers the first condition of her co-operation in any durable organi- zation of European peace. France will reject the proposal. That rejection will, to be sure, be in no small part a con- sequence of the last election in Ger- many, of the triumph of the Hitlerites and the recrudescence of a spirit which to the French people is strangely remi- niscent of pre-war days. While Strese- mann lived one must recognize that this program of peaceful reordering made progress: when he dicd and Ger- many seemed to repudiate his work and spirit French policy hardened. As to reparaticns, the Prench situa- tion is peculiar. France is the one coun'ry, aside from the United States, which is actually getting something out of German payments. All the rest simply transfer’ German payments to the United States to pay allied debts, but France has a big surplus, even when she has paid Britain and the United States. She is getting her coal free, she Is rebuiiding harbors, she is creat- ing vast hydraulic power siations like that on the Rhine below Basel out of what Germany turns over, very largely in kind. If Britain and Italy and Bel- glum can persuade the United States to cancel the debts and then choose to Wipe out reparations, well and good: if, in addition, the United States and Brit- ain cancel what France owes them and ask France proportionately to reduce German payments to her, that is de- batable, but_there remains the balance due, which France means to have. Stands Firm on Debts. Moreover, now that Germany is de- manding the right to rearm if France will not reduce her armaments. France obviously has little interest in seeing Germany forgiven debts and thus pro- vided with money to recreate her mili- tary establishment in defiance of the treaty of Versailles—as France reads that treaty. France is not going to reduce her armaments further until Germany aceepls the existing situation in pc as permanent, ncr is she %9 0 to German rearma- me: many continues to ad- vocate frontier revisions Such suggestions as that of Mr. Hur- ley, that the United States should can- ol the debis if European states would disarm, Jeaves the French unaffected because they are not a debtor but a creditor nation on balance In the gen- cral svstem of debts and reparations. In the last two vears France has been troubled by the double phenomenon of a reviving German danger and a con- tinuing Ttalian menace. With the tri- umph of the Hitlerites last Autumn. the danger of a German-Italian combina- tion, even of a Rome-Berlin-Moscow orfentation. took on a certain appear- ance of realitv. But the result has been not French concessions to Germany. but, a Franco-Italian agreement. which at the outset has been limited to naval matters, but seems likely to be extende- widely. Gesture Toward U. . All of which means that the Prench have chosen to make friends with the Italians rather than the Germans, st the same time making a gesture to the British and American governments which have both attached great i portance to the London naval treaty Moreover , the first effects of the Franco-Italian affair have been almost ridiculous, when one remembers the recent tone of the press and public men on either side of the Alps. Now thers is going on something little short of a love feast. And one can note corrc- sponding anxicty and disappointment in Berlin; for while the threat of a German-Russian combination might be employed to obtain concessions, few of i the more sensible Germans have any desire to be isolated with Russia or are unaware of what the effect of such an association would be upon the American mind, which for the German remains the most important consideration. In the larger sense Prance is satisfled with things as they are, and Prench policy is summed up in the to keep them in this state. ere is no inherent opposition in Prance to further reduction of armaments, provided it is accompanied ‘by greater guarantees of the existing order, through international agreements putting teeth im the cove- fluential group, dares or cares to pro- claim policies which diminish arma- ment without increasing other guaran- tees of security. Meantime what i all important s that the results of the German election. the direct purposes of the Hitlerites and the indirect effects, as they show in the adoption of revisionist policies by the moderate groups, have combined to check, if not to dissipate, the belief in the minds of the masses of Prench people that any real understanding with “new.” a republican, Germany, which is to be contrasted sharpiy with the old imperial Germany. With the Germany of Stresemann France was eager to co- operate: with that of Hitler it can, in the nature of things, find no basis for agreement. Satisfied on Victory. Today France has about completed her new system of fortifications on the German frontier from the Rhine to the Meuse; she has reorganized her army on a basis which was highly praised to me by German generals in Berlin; she has made a naval bargain with Ttaly pleasing to Britain, which may lead to other bargains. Finally, no economic crisis at home provokes domestic politi- cal unrest, In this situation of comparative se- curity and relative prosperity Prance has sct her face against two things— the Communism of Russia and the n?ilcnnllsm of the German extremists. She will resist to the death all endeavor of (he_S’)\'lPls 1o overthrow the social order in Europe and, for the present at least, all attempts of the Hitlerites to resise the political conditions of the treaty of Versailles. All of which amounts to saying that today, 12 years after, the French are at last fully satisfied that they won the war and have not the smallest intention of parting with any of the fruits of victory or of compromising any of the material and political gains incident to the victory. (Copyr Official French Decdralions Total 57. But Advisability of PARIS.—Of decorations eonferred by the French government there are varieties. Some think that is ample; others are asking for more. The latter presumably want to justify the descrip- | tion of a Frenchman attributed to Bis- marck—a man who wears a ribbon in the lapel of his coat and who knows nothing of geography. The former claim that very soon the real French- man of distinction will be the one who has received no distinction. The Legion of Honor is the highest of all the decorations conferred in France. Napoleon originated it to re- ward military service, but nowadays it |is given to civilians and officers alike, | with the former category in the ma jority Since the war the number of Amer | can holders of the Legion of Honor hi | become very great. The Minister of | Foreign Affairs is authorized to confer it upon forelgners at his own discre- | tion for “services rendered to France.” | When he honors Americans residing in | this country the names of the recipi- ents are printed in the Journal Officiel. | The names of those who do not reside | in France are not made public on this side. pessimistic concern over the outlook, | but sternly unwilling to do any guess- ing in terms of time. The Bank of England executive registered similar conservatism as to what the future holds in his own country and the Europe of which Britain is so vital & part. On the whole, Norman finds that, economically speaking, the whole world is “in the same boat.” (Copyright, 1931) Flies emerge from the chrysalis stage Awarded to Americans. Recent politico-financial scandals | which are still under investigation have | shown that political influence is para- mount in awarding the Legion of Honor to French citizens. This state of things is disapproved generally, and resoluticns have been introduced in Parliament to put an end to it. Many Americans have received | the decaration conferred™y the Minis- More Is Wrangled decorations wear a violet ribbon or ro- sette, as the case may be, while mem- bers of the Legion of Honor wear red emblems. The other ribbons are of all possible hues and range from the Order of Agricultural Merit to the Mutual Assistance Medal. In addition to the 57 official varie- ties of decorations. there are unofficial ones. some of which are as much sought as the others. The best known is the Order of the Royal Khranfouss of th~ Saharas, which began as a joke and which now includes in its membershin the King and Queen of the Belgian: There are no American members yet. Was Started as Joke. The Royal Khranfouss was created in 1898 by a number of French arm: officers stationed in the Sahara. The originators derived much fun from their invention. and the fun became all the greater when the fame of the sham | decoration was noised abroad, and ap- plications for membership came in such | numbers that the appointment of a par- manent secretary was rendered nemes- One of the conditions is that the applicant must show “unequivocal sf of mild lunacy.’ & me There are not more than 200 living members of the Royal Khranfouss, none of whom fails to fulfill one of the con- | ditions, which is to sign & special reg- ister at the Cafe de la Paix when tr!:y visit Paris. Who Wants to Eat, Anyway? From the South Bend Tribune. With the no-work-no-eat system be- ter of Education and Fine 'wris—Of- | COMINE effective some Russians may fully grown. and never get any bigger, | cier d’Academie and Officier, de 1'In- however lopg they live, ! struction Publique. Holdfx's ‘of these > % | have 1¢ss time to devote to denunclation of capitalism. »