Evening Star Newspaper, November 9, 1930, Page 36

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER 9, 1930—PART TWO. w GREAT RED MENACE TO TRADE OF WORLD Cut-throat Prices to Result From Goods Manufactured at Starvation Wages. (Continued From First Page. have three insuperable and unfair ad- van they will continue as hitherto wart by the menace of t & forced labor in the Arctic camps (in case lain or try to organize unions t themselves), In part by words, promises about the heaven soon to result from the “five-year plan.” Second, all the factories being owned and operated by the Soviet government, only such production costs are kept as fifil the convenience of the governing , 50 that the prices set are ’p.un!y arbitrary. ‘Therefore, where it desired to undersell any foreign prod- uct abroad, an arbitrary cost price can be_fixed and maintained for an in- definite period. ‘Third, every possible government ad- van! is extended to an article it is intenc to export. Transportation, ad- and selling charges can all be fixed regardless of their cost. This is the very thing that the United States and other civilized nations have recently agreed not to do. So why should we accept such treatment from the Soviet without taking defensive measures? ‘There is no industry on earth that can meet this kind of “competition”— except with the aid of an effective pro- tective tariff. Yet even such a tariff applies exclustvely to the home market and furnishes no protection whatever in the foreign market. U. 8. Must Protect Foreign Market. ‘What, then, are we to do to protect ourselves in the foreign market? there are two remedies. Is it not clear capital produced in since anti-forced labor and anti-discrimina- and anti-dumping clauses of our tariff are to the advan of all free countries by excluding their Soviet rival our market, must we not claim the same advan over the products of the Soviets in their markets through similar clauses in their tariff laws? ‘The problem is to protect our in- aung‘temmmly from a country where, for moment, all economic functions have been monopolized by a handful of sectarians who have seized the state and use it to abolish economic liberty, to wfl every economic right of the individual citizens and to reduce the standard of i of their industrial earners starvation level in priculturists ‘t:l:‘. accumulate in this way the capital to \pi set up their i B i £ 14 i g I ;EE‘ I I g E% géf § E E i : | i B | g i 4 : i : ¢ ¢ 58 ] 8 o i L} | g gt R g 8 ele] : E?aé threa E A tentative brief outlining the situa- been presented to the cabinet, that Russian coal can be from Port Mariupol to Boston, them fully described & hundred times by as many reliable and wholly inde- pendent and competent eye-witnesses, many of them leading bolshevists, our imaginations still literally refuse to re- tain the fantastic picture and our minds refuse to credit the incredible evidence. Literally we do not belleve our eyes. But the time has come when we must accept the following well established facts or suffer the consequences: 1. Civilization, as developed by every one of the more advanced nations through centuries, has been in a large measure deliberately and effectively set aside. People of Russia Are Slaves. 2. The people of Russia have been made literally the slaves (not being al- lowed even right to leave the coun- try) of the state and the state is com- pletely in the hands of a small group of leaders who are determined to use all their power to destroy existing civili- zation in the rest of the world as they are destroying it in Russia. Of course, there is no danger what- ever that they will succeed. All con- tiguous peoples who have had a chance to know them are increasingly hostile to them and scornful of their alleged achievements, while the number of their disciple Communists among the masses of other more distant countries is stead- ily showing a decrease. But they are at the present moment and may remain for years in firm control both of the helpless and backward peasants and workers of Russia and of Russia's vast resources—and they have mastered the art of enslaving and exploiting this kind of ulation. With these 160,000,000 serfs, by military threats and subsidized revolts they may not only continue to raise serious disturbances among all the small nations and all the backward na- tions within their reach, but they may create grave economic difficulties even for the largest and most advaneced na- Constitutes Standing Menace. By such methods as they are now in- troducing in their factories to advance “five-year plan,” they may so increase their industrial capital that in 5 or 10 years it may be equal to that of Spain or Belgium; in some 25 years they may bring up their peas- antry to the level of backward South Italy, in 10 or 20 years their exports and imports may equal those of Canada or the Argentine. Such possibilities are not disturbing—but they are not the question that confronts us. Long before Soviet Russia can have risen to the po- sition of a second-rate nation eco- nomically she will constitute a standing economic_menace to every democratic nation. For no democratic nation can compete with her economically on her own level of economic servitude. Soviet Russia is practically a nation of robots. That is the deliberate and expressed aim of the Russian dictators. It is & nation utterly ignorant of any but Soviet “facts” and incapable of any " It is a nation on tal may be piled plan” y d ?o'r mlufihry supplies and machinery for use against a but, as th of “collective men” no escape, as I have said, for leaving the country has become & crime—except for those who by leaving f the dictators. discard man as the various of the vmrrldd l'm;ln lllldle again under the speci- almost illiterate group e Kremlin. mankind to deal with this new and anomalous international phenomenon? We are familiar with tel slavery—the system t re- human beings to the level of do- by individual . If any government had been anywhere on that basis, no doubt d have met the problem and hands of a group of fanatics over whom ecivilization has no power, this prob- lem is so utterly new and fantastic that we have now confronted it for Where Is America Going? Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., Declares Scientific Management Will Be Able BY J. P. GLASS, TARTING with the premise that the por- tion of industry represented by elr‘lxloyen is bound by formulas followed in the last quarter century to attack its future prob- lems with constant consideration of their effect upon the welfare of the workers, the writer has had an interview with Alfred P, Sloan, ir, president of General Motors, In Mr. Sloan's mind “workers” are those who serve for a wnge, whether they are high execu- tives or men on the bench. The significance of his replies to questions ad- dressed to him, |llhoufl\ he spoke only for him- self, is that they indicate, on the part of the men in charge of the management of industry, a willingness to do their full share in meeting the economic and social demands of coming years which augurs well for stability and accomplish- ment. 5 ‘Thus the revolutionary role assumed by modern business leaders in setting up a new era in the relationship between the employer and the em- ploye points to other conceptions and other achievements important to the welfare of all. For that bothersome condition, unemployment, Mr. Sloan frankly says he has no solution. He believes, however, that it can be ameliorated materially by scientific study and management. Was no words in extraneous allusions, the interview follows: Q. What problems still confront the manage- ment of industry? More Efficiency Needed. A Generally speaking, our chief problem s that of constantly increasing our emelmc&'rhen is a great deal of talk about American efficiency. We haven't half enough. And the future will demand more and more of it. Efficienty goes beyond the making of profits. It must include preservation of the proper human relationship and the interests of all concerned. I do not presume to speak for other corpora- tions, but I assume that their experience has points of similarity to the experience of General Motors. The widespread industrial content achieved in the last decade would indicate that in so far as wages and working conditions are concerned the demands of justice have been met. However, modern industry’s theory of obligation does nof end there. -The worker is entitled to more than a mere living wage. He must be enabled to ob- tain his own home and, in sickness and old age, a competence that renders him independent. How to do this is & question which has suggested differing answers. A. Only a partial solution. The General Motors system of employment, for instance, enables any worker to retire at a certain age and live inde- ALFRED P. SLOAN, JR. AMERICANS ARE NOT HALF AS EFFICIENT AS THEY SHOULD BE, HE THINKS. mndenuy—o! course in a manner in keeping with s past employment and mode of existence. Yet many workers do not avail themselves of this opportunity. Retirement Adjustments Necessary. ‘We have not accepted the principle of pensions in industry, because we believe that the logical and moral method is to enable the warker to achieve his own independence. However, we may be persuaded, in end, that pensions are & s ope = et uring worker support or independence in old age has a double Belrlng on the matter of efficlency. First, to obtain the goal he must give the company efficlent service. Secondly, when he is no longer capable, because of the to Ameliorate Unemployment. disabflities of old age, of giving adequate service, the company, without injustice, can supplant him with a younger and more competent man. No employer likes to discharge a willing worker. The task is completely distasteful if the worker is one whose service has been long and faithful. Yet the good of the organization—including not just the stockholders, but his fellow workers—is endangered if his service extends beyond his period of usefulness. After all, the management of industry cannot luPply the whole mechanism for success in indus- trial relationships. The attitude of the worker is not always ideal. Prosperity, gaining a certain goal, contentment, often unfit men long before the age when they should be retired. This is par- ticularly true among executives, where larger opportunities for advancement obtain. By the way, I have known golf to destroy more one executive’s efficlency. Actually the greatest problem we have is the inertia of the human mind. The hardest task of all is to sell an idea—really sell it—to an organization. 1t all of us had open minds, no one knows what we could do in the future. Q. How about unemployment? A. Prankly, I have no idea what can be done to solve unemployment. However, I believe we can do a great deal to lessen it by scientific study and planning. Industry Cannot Be Selfish. Probably the remedy has been slow in coming because we necessarily progress slowly. Our sys- tem of government, giving great opportunity for private initiative, has permitted industrial and social advancement of the most striking character. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that industry has bruised itself severely more than once while groping for the right path. Often that path has not been found in time to avert serious damage. ‘Whenever its attitude has been purely selfish, it has not been able to progress at all be: a certain point. Discovering this, it adopted a radically different attitude toward human rela- tionships Inside industry. So far the experiment— if it is tbat—has produced great good. It stimu- lated, for one thing, a new feeling on the part of ‘workers. The presedent established is bound to guide the management of industry hereafter. ‘e must continue to contribute all the intelligence and understanding we have to the solution of the prob}em& that confront the country and every one in it. Unemployment is one of those blems. We l):n:;l:lh;:! :l T:Lh us bel(m, butbrl‘: never has Iy ressing over a long period. The future undoubud?y w;ial find us using advanced methods 5 (Copyright, 1930.) Reichstag Members Fat, Gym Data Show “Let me have men about me that are fat, and sleep o’ nights. Yon Cas- sius hath a lean and hungry look; he thinks too much; such men are dan- speare was o e presen Reichstag when he wrote these immor- tal lines. But the present crop of Ger- man Deputies are hefty fellows with an average weight of 176 pounds, and some people say that their conduct ves that the bard was right. The are scientific, taken from the records in the Reichstag lum, where members withdraw to recover from their mental and vocal labors. The refused the dacy, the AST Sgflnl. down- date was addressing a small gath- ering in a certain open square in Rio de Janeiro, after he had been ter and all other large auditoriums of the Brazilian capital for his political speeches. The partisan attitude of the federal government toward his candi- bitterness and the inexhausti- ble resources with which it opposed it, IN LATIN AMERICA By GASTON NERVAL. Ups and Downs. one day, a rather earted presidential candi- | 4y and dow use of the Municipal Thea- | , With Brazil already with Prof. Healy have been doing | in the past century, both in this coun- try and down on the other side of the Return to Normaley. oining the list of Latiif American revolts, there are four now of the southern republics under control of revolutionary provisional ments. Although three of them have been recognized almost mously as the established de facto gov: Vice President, Siegfried von Kardorff, finds it difficult to pack his ample body into the official chair and when he leans back is said to remind connois- seurs of the Laocoon group in the Vati- can. In fact, Herr von Kardoff is so majestic and his colleague Herr Ziegler 80 short (though also a heavyweight) that the authorities no longer al the two to appear together at public functions lest they provoke excessive wit. Notable the spearean sense is the fact that members of the moderate parties 'g: more than those of the extremists. Communists and certainly have “a look,” while the repre- moderate parties give of men who “sleep o' Japanese Barnum Finds Family of ‘Monkey-Men’ Hark back to the days of P. T. Bar- A Japanese showman, searching the country for bigger Dbetter things to present to public, has found & family of “monkey- men” whose skins are covered with hair and who gibber exactly like the inhabi- tants of the Tokio Zoo. Unfortunately, however, the showman hasn't been able to bring these queer folk before the populace, and so word for this curl- oous throw-back has to be accepted. There is a reason for this freak of nature, the Tokio papers recount, Years , they say, & hunter, now | repul onkey the years without settling our own atti- | the story d the official relations wif Non-Recognition Insufficient. The policy of non-recognition was point of having no th it. (Jte | and is effective—so far as it goes. But it s not sufficlent. Nothing more is needed with the supposition that the Soviet system cannot last. But it may " | last long enough to present a problem Y |any form of party of the Soviet Union) recommended the use of forced labor increas! itive able-bodied working popula- the forests not later than 0 and to use force to compel the prosperous peasants not report for forest work by Peasants Forced to Labor. central trading of- Karelian-Aeanisjarvi Co- Russian , and it would be easy observer to separate . But the % L B | ‘we cannot solve by such purely nega- tive action—just as we cannot solve it (and would not attempt to solve it) by attack on the Soviet. In some respects the Soviet is growing stronger. Compared to other nations, it is steadily falling back. Every year new industrial capital is added to the United States, amounting to 10 or 20 times that which is added to Russia under the “five-year plan” of the Soviet. Every year Russia is further behind the other great nations. But internally her organization is being steadily improved and we are faced by nation 150,000,000 economic serfs, larger and larger proportion of whom ;n 1eflect1vely organized on the robot eve! ‘There is no ultimate economic danger that a regime based on a population of robots can compete with nations of free and varied and developing individuals. But neither is there any possibility of fair competition with such a regime. All compromises or dealings with them necessarily involve more or less accept~ ance of their perverted practices— actices by which they have doomed Russlan people to huge losses, fal- lacles and errors, It we become dependent to any con- siderable degree on the Russian market it would mean, first, that we should become involved to that degree in the fallures of their experiments, Second. It would mean co-operation object of great wonder by peopl 'l’ga live in the vicinity. The showman tried to the five “ folk” to io with him for $100, but when they had ridden a few miles in his sutomobile they became 8o terrified that they had to be taken back to their home, the report says. come to Two Services Agree On Hawaiian Air Field Army and !nvr in Hawall have reached an amicable agreement on the future of Luke Field, now occupied the two services for avia- muyw Luke Field 1 on an and | be suspected of biased views. about a both, There was dm l'zln';" for bo:‘l: to operate. Accor prese plan, the Army will transfer its avia- tion activities from Ford Island to & new site, not far away, adjoining the esent coast defense post of Fort hameha, leaving to the Navy the entire jsland in Pearl Harbor. For the new field near Fort Kam, as the Army and all Hawail call it, & bill has just been introduced in Con- approriating $2,115,643 for the e s 5, o o, ;‘n'g t.hevl.r air activities in this part of the world. time rations for an entire generation. But this Soviet militarism does consti- tute a very serious and constant menace to the European border states, to Turkey and to China; and if any of these were involved in war there is every danger that other countries would be dragged in. In the meantime, by forcing all these smaller states to keep fully armed and ready to defend themselves, Soviet Rus- one of the chief causes of e g omie not up econ ally & werv&uchumm.tbtcmeln%{u- orcing Euro) ourselves to these col al his walting | of had convinced him that his campaign 'was a hopeless one. ‘This week, which is again Springtime in Brazil, the same man—who had been defeated, as was to be expected, in the presidential elections, and had then set out to lead an energetic opposition, which at last culminated in bloody civil warfare—entered the Brazilian capital in triumph, wildly acclaimed by the populace and by the armed forces of the nation, which had themselves already overthrown the old regime and called upon him to preside over a provisional administration. And meanwhile the man who had compelled him to talk politics out of doors in the outskirts of Rio, and then denled him a fair chance in the presi- dential elections, was, and still is, held cal B 5 . ‘These are the results of the B zilian revolt, which, starting last mon with uprisings in several southern states of that country, attained success a few days ago when the high officers of the and navy repudiated the authority e former administration in Rio de Janeiro and set up a provisional mili- tary junta, This junta, moved by over- whelming popular sentiment, called upon the leader of the civil rebellion in the south to head the new government, and Dr. Getulio Vargas, defeated candi- date for President in the last elections— the fairness of which was gravely ques- tioned—is now presiding over the dese tinles of the largest South American 3 Luiz, the Copacal new authorities. Politics are fickle and full of prises and contradictions everywhere. But politics in Latin America are ceedingly so! A Professor Speaks. » It may sound like a worn-out state- ment to say that teachers and sclentists are the men who best understand human nature, and, accordingly, human rela- tlons, but it is worth while to repeat it from time to time, so that those seeking for truth may go to them. In spite of modernistic tendencies, which overemphasize the value of politi- cal judgments, or those of economists and business men, and try to under- estimate the occasional reflective opin- fons of so-called lcal professors, I still believe that the latter come near- est to a real conception of interna- tional relations. ‘This is why I regard with particular interest whatever a professor in this country has to say on inter-American relations. Business men and politicians are prodigal with their stgtements on the subject, but they may Inunenx:l‘y uni- versity man has no reason at all for be- ing partial or one-sided. Besides, you may expect from him something new, different, and not the same trite you hear daily in political speeches or read in advertising columns. In a recent study on “Inter-Ameri- can Trade and Relations—What Amer- ican Universities Can Do to Improve ‘Them,” prepared especially for an im- t _Argentine publication, Dr. ‘homas H. Healy, professor of interna- tional law and assistant dean of the school of foreign service of Georgetown University, said some of the soundest and most sensible things that have been said in a long time to clear the way for a better understanding he- tween Latin and Saxon Americans. Both the economic and the intel- lectual sides are carefully examined in that study. It would be impossible to do it ji in the limited space of this column, but I do want to impress upon my readers’ minds one thought from Prof. Healy's article, which strikes me as defining as well as has cver been done the problem of inter-American relations. Prof. Healy states that, inasmuch as men are not perfect and nations even less so, it is inevitable that from time to time there should be friction, and even intense irritation, between va- rious of the American republics, but he points out that as a w! inter-Ameri- can relations offer some of the most bear | glorious pages in world history, and certainly contrast more than favorably with the relations of nations in other parts of the world. And then he says: “Even the best of friends can find fault with one another, and, in a sense, it is have to comply with certain tional provisions before they put nations back into normal political con- do this, it seems probable, will be the Bolivian military junta, which has already called, next January, general elections for the ernments in those countries, they stiljal constitu their ditions. The firsi one to constitution of a new civil by popular free vote. ly to the success of the junta in promoting national harmony a ing to run a joint single ticket presidential contest, in which all ':hdne parties will be equally repre- sented. The Peruvian military junta has not popul in as yet decided when loting for the selection of a tive shall be held, in a hi gvemmen to do so. ing up after in deposed dictator, President Although taking control the Peruvian one, the Argentine mili- tary junta will probably soon be able porary rule. plete realignment of political fronts is taking place in Argentina and the trend | Prall, to give up its tem) ‘The political parties have contributed large- and there is no in- dication that the junta is going to be ‘The de facto is too much concerned for e time being with the task of clean- o Pl setiling the Eries) ctoseois e e economic e 'o:nx lt't: - such ann matters as politics. Po- litical parties, on the uther hand, have not_yet completed their reo: Peru—a difficult thing, indeed, after 11 years of almost absolute and en- forced inaction under the rule of the Old Abbey Occupied By Benedictine Monks The old abbey of Saint- near Rouen, is sald to be again by the Ben monks, S e ulsion of rel ers ce, If the news is t govern- unani- Canadian Legislators for government Bolivian An order passed in the British House of Commons prohibits the chewing of to- bacco in the parliamentary chamber. This rule has never been observed in the Canadian Parliament. If it were, certain members the maritime government n ar bal- new execu- o were nJu made to ken, lnnldomuhlernd.h e with rganization Leguia. later than Esthetics. Flaccus, L. W. The Spirit and Sub- Stanice of Art. 1026, BIM-FS0. D. W. Aesthetic Judgment. A com- appears to be toward national unifica- | BMJ-P88 tion. This may permit the lishment of a new executive which all the principal parties par- ticipate. The date is not as yet known, however, when such action will ma- , and it would not some to say that this may take a good deal more time than it did in Bolivia, where the difficulties of a federal form of government did not have to be met. All in all, Bolivia will most probably be the first disturbed South A state to retarn to normal political con- ditions. Which, after all, is only natu- ral, since she was the first one to upset them. This time, at least, saying, “The last shall not come true. “Made in U. 8. A.,” but— With the election of a new the question again comes whether 1t is advisable for from an international point of view, to halt importations of foreign-made goods and foreign raw materials with the aid of a protective tariff wall more im- pregnable than the classic Chinese wall l'g the enemies of the old Celestial was Empire. During the discussions on ly approved Hawley-Smoot which aroused so much disquiet and protest in other countries, was pointed out that the tectionistic duties proposed only be a serious blow to trade of foreign nations in commerce with the United States, but that this country, too, would suffer 3uences. ‘Two main n.rgun:)enu were ad- ne, depression caused by the tariff in for- tries would naturally be re- in a decrease of their buying power, thus diminishing their orders for American products and their gen- eral trade with Uncle Sam; and, sec- ond, that there were certan raw ma- terials which, either not existing at all in the territory of the United States, | yqq or else existing in very small quanti- ties, could not be heavily taxed without injuring the very interests of the con- luced in this respect: sumers in this county. In the products of some of American nations were among the most fering considerable sage of the tariff the fi be first,” has Stein, e BIM. . ‘The A-B-C of e-tab’; - Aesthetics. Poetry. Burns, V. G comp. The Red Harvest. 'be venture- | _YP-9B37. can ‘Widdemer, Margaret. Collect Poems. 1928. YP-W633. o House Decoration. Palmer, Lois. Us Color in Decora- tion, WSH-P 183u, Post, Mrs. E. P. The Personality of & Stmong: . B, s5d Hubead, 3. 0. Ook orology. WSH-81 56, L History. ‘The Critical Year: and amous Congress up as to Uncle Sam, LOG.E. Slosson, P, W. The Great Crusade After, 1914-1928. F835-81 57. Politics and Government. Davis, J. W. Party Government in United States. ’Jvn-m"wlp'f' b Richberg, D. R. JUB3-R30t. the recent~ tariff act, the danger highly pro- would not the export Foot Ball. Rice, Grantland, and Heisman, J. Shu;mm#m’mc Ball. VEF-RSgu eeley, . Jd. erican Foot Ball Quizzer for 1929, VKF-Sh33. Employment Management. Anderson, V. V. HEK- Hackett, J. D. TIB-H 114 1 the conse- Labor Management. Conference Board. Industrial Rel in ustrial lations Small Plants. HK-1N214i, Fiction. F. The Deepanm' Stream. both cases the Latin | canfield, D, cuts since the pas- Bill, 1t has Dot yet | Mavter been definitely established 'l:’e peculiarly the prerogative of a friend to | elected Co! do so. However, it is certainly rot the prerogative of & friend to pick out and stress a few faults while ignoring many’ And’ ple who DARK CLOUDS G ON EUROPEAN HORIZON Political Alignm ents Present More Men- acing Aspects to World Peace Than in Days Preceding 1914. (Continued From Third Page.) feated nations were helpless at first; gndu.la'I however, they managed EQ on thelr feet again and have found Ttaly a strong supporter of their hopes of revising those treaties. The ufi'\ antagonism between France and It has resulted in Europe being again divided in_ two distinctl; hostile groups, the French and the Italian. ouping. of powers and. the grou of organizations fore the war the various states and their prime ministers fln\u« alliances, but there was tterness between the nationals wers and Mmeu treoumu 'lmnutym people y ruled owing anything about them. When the crisis came the na- tionals of each country were aroused by da in the jingoist and ultra-patriotic speeches. is no longer necessary today; the na- tionalistic sentiment is powerful; na- source of continual trouble to the Eu- ropean nation which claims to own them, s that the Prench consider Lake to | Tchad as the keystone of their African Italians , and do not want the 100 close to that otherwise barren region. The Itallans have made Te- peated attempis to have this matter settled, but so far no progress has been made. This is the second ‘that In the days bes |in heads of ized government as an diplomatic question. Naval Question Simple. The naval situation between INaly and Prance appears to be equally “insoluble,” although it seems X~ tremely simple. The Italians demand theoretical naval parity with France. That is to say, that they should have build as many men-of- tions snarl at each other and seem to | tional p at each other’s | i Pprovocation. be ready to jum) throats at the slightest Includes Little Entente. The French group of powers con- tains France, Poland and the Iif entente — Jugoslavia, Rumania and Czechoslovakia. Poland and Czecho- slovakia have been created as inde- pendent states by the treaty of Ver- sailles. Jugoslavia and Rumania were small countries before the war; their combined ons di¢ T m.ullu id not exceed | with bitants, By the treaties of Trianon and Neuilly M’ countries in that group feel have been made to pay too heavy & price for their defeat and were Ignore Some of Rules co cause the Jugoslav kingdom. ‘The avowed causes of tension be- tween these two groups of powers seem futile, and if it were not for the deeper motives indicated above, there be no real trouble about settling them. The_tension between the Italians and mmhhdmwme(&mcmum tler to include the Nice and Mentone. government, however, hotly denies. The Italians who m pel the Italian inhabif abandon their nationality. But the who oonm the exercising by refusing to fln utility com) them t6 abandon ality. This result has been ernment has viol these measures e Leks ' Efieiséfiéfi g i ey & §§§§§ i Eg i f 7 ? | $isg ¢ ] I i it LLH g j EE : 3& £ g : : ] g | i i : H £ é g P < () ¥ %ég g e I il 3 3 QEF i 4 £ i g 25 i i b Es E g E gi il g ki1 3 4 %Egis E5 10| the Italians