Evening Star Newspaper, November 9, 1930, Page 33

Part 2—-8 Pages EDITORIAL SECTION he Saunday Star. WASHINGTON, D. C, SUNDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 9, 1930. - NATIONS’ FINAL SUCCESS IN DISARMAMENT SEEN Limitation Along Broadest Lines Prob- able Outcome if 1931 or 1932 Conference Is Held. Note—Disarmament ultimately depends on the removal of the supposed negessi- ties for using arms, one school of thought grover. This other considerations aring on the present session at Geneva o) Preparatory Disarmament Com- mission of the Presented in the League of Nations are following special cable. BY PAUL SCOTT MOWRER. ARIS.—The meeting of the Pre- paratory Disarmament Com- ml.uu-‘l of the lullleno{ N.l:.' tions at Geneva, though purel technical, is for the moment the focus of world politics. The reason is that in the long run the term “disarma- ment” involves the whole question of the organization of the world for peace and the relation of all nations to one another. is taken for granted that in its difficult and hitherto insuperable task of laying down general methods of limi- obligation to limit armaments, but maintain the right to fix limitation at their own figure and contest Germany’s right to arm beyond the treaty figures in any circumstances. Among _ careful of Shvbody, even” Germany, sgainer. et anyl even Germany, T will by diplomatic pressure is considered illusory, for even if the terms imposed are , infinite ways remain for getting around them. Police, militia and societies can be substituted for troops. Merchant marine and airplanes can be substituted under arms can be so con- fused by dispersing them through colonies that exact reckoning is im- possible. Real Peace First Need. ‘This school of thought, therefore, urges that the way to get real disarma- ment is by establishing a real peace. The League of Nations was founded on the ideas of the old American League to enforce peace—namely, that all make common cause against a pact breaker. This idea has since grown weaker and weaker owing to the fact that neither Russia nor the United States is a League member and that Great Britain, fearing complications with the United States, tends more and more to inf its obligations under the League the vaguest possible > Kellogg pact bstitute f pact as & substitute for the League covenant is inacceptabie to most nations as the basis for disarma- ment because it is sald to be too in- definite. The United States, for ex- ample, refuses to say what it will do in case any signatory breaks the Kel- logg pact and refuses even to agree to consult with other signatories in this tter. | event. fixing actual figures for a period of 10 years the some 54 countries one to Assuming that methods of naval lmi- tation adopted at London will be accepted by all League members and - differences respecting methods of and land disarmament. 3 Use of Planes at Issue. only planes and dirigibles should be limited or also ‘The commercial aircraft. present tendency is to exclude the latter Reduction of armaments might even then be whble if all the nations were the g:uent status, but this is so far from being the case that half of is now for ecessary. Not a ofew experts, therefore, believe that the gen- eral disarmament _conference should content itself with the maximum armaments of all nations at figures themselves agree to, leaving re- ductions to follow gradually as political conditions improve or tries in certain geographical regions reach an agreement between themselves. (Copyright. 1930.) Vivisection Limited By Decree in Italy though it remains T to be seen whether or not it will agree to eount troops called Many countries feel that if general Ymitation of armaments is agreed on must also be some authority to make sure that all are keeping their will be appointed, of which Russia and the United States will be members, to hnedn complaint, but without power remains the vital The task of this conference, as al- ready said, will be fix actual figures for all_countries. Countries like Germany, which were present law, if it functions well, should find a way in which scientific research will not be sacrificed, but still be pro- ne::vely conducted under controlled Japan Proposes Doles For the Unemployed A system of doles for workingmen has been put before the Imperial Japanese continues unsuccess- seel ent. The money will be paid out of the treasury, As a means of ment defray this man in the country will sum of 50 cents a mon of the dole will be under istry, which would ha day s0 long as he fully to limits of 16 to 65 years on those could benefit from the dole, and fur- ther stipulates that those receiving financial aid from the government can- not refuse work offered them, unless such work is in the nature of strike Persian Art Exhibition To Be Held in London The exhibition of Persian art to be held at Burlington House, Piccadilly, next January and PFebruary will con- tain some unique specimens of Ori- ental art taken from the ancient palaces and mosques of Persia. things, there will be fine silks, brocades, mosaics, bronzes and jewels, some of them coming from the Shah's personal collection of treasures. The exhibition will include a valu- able circular silk carpet which surrounds the tomb of Shah Abbas II in the teenth century carpet, in perfect con- dition, from the Mosque of Imam Reza Meshed, and a 32-foot high replica of an ancient Persian mosque, complete in eveArL, detall. 'ARROLL BINDER. London, England, September 15. Ring Aids Blind Using Paris’ Dial Telephones golden Mosque of Khum; a large six- | all | THE PERIL OF THE SOVIET TREADMILL BY MATTHEW WOLL, Vice President American FPederation of Labor, President Union Labor Life Insurance C given the question of how far it is possible for our country to have normal economic relations with -the Soviet government of Russia. The Harrimans and many other of our business men have found that they could not conduct any industry inside that country. The experiences of our exporters have convinced them that they cannot sell there except under short-term credits or credits renewed from year to year under a long-term contract—such arrangements being er- roneously advertised throughout the by the Soviet government as “long-term credits” and as proving its high financial status in this country! ‘The new question now arises as to how far we can afford to buy from the Soviets. * Under our American system imported goods either pay a tariff fixed on their market value or such goods are im- ported free of tariff provided that sim- ilar favors are offered our goods or for other reasons. Again, they may have to pay a special tariff if there is a tariff ination against us or if they are being “dumped” here to be sold below the cost of their production abroad. But neither cost of production nor mai ket value can be determined in Soviet Russia, where there is no free exchange of goods and where all industry and trade are consolidated into a monopoly of the government. And, finally, any reciprocal tariff favors offered by the Soviet regime may be made utterly valueless at the will of its dictators, who are the only possible purchasers of our goods in Russia. SERIOUB consideration has been BY HENRY KITTREDGE NORTON. NE hot afternoon in the Sum- mer of 1905 a lad of 12 years trudged barefooted along a dusty Long Island road near Oyster Bay. As he reached | the gate of Sagamore Hill he ran into | 1o less a person than the President of the United States. Garbed in riding tor and a slouch hat, Theodore Roose- velt was out for a vigorous walk to give | free rein‘to his exultation. ““Hello, Nick,” he cried. “The Rus-| sians and the Japs have signed the | treaty!” | If the youngster did not reply with equal enthusiasm it was not because he had never heard of the matter before. His father and Theodore were first cousins and although West Roosevelt’s life was devoted to the practice of med- icine, he had the keenest interest in the public affairs which absorbed the major rt of T. R.'s overflowing vitality. hen West died Nicholas was but 3 i:ll’s old, but during all of his youth had the same access to “Cousin Theodore” as the latter's own children. Thus his formative years were passed in an atmosphere saturated with public affairs and world politics. And in that atmosphere he met literally hundreds of the men whose lives furnished the raw material of the history of the time. Name Proves Responsibility. By the time Nicholas Roosevelt grad- uated from Harvard in 1914, however, he had become fully aware that a great blessing. It to achieve in spite of rather than be- cause of the fact that he was a Roose- velt. The background of Washington and Harvard turned him naturally to the diplomatic service as a fleld of en- now his neighbor, being can Alnhuudl'nr in Rome. ve the mettle of each mem- . An tment as ‘There is and can be no dispute re- garding the fact that in Soviet Russia there is no free market such as could establish any reliable invoice prices on which ad valorem duties in this coun- try could be based as in the case of other nations. Our entire tariff legis- lation, therefore, does not and cannot apply to such a state of affairs. Again we cannot say when the Rus- sian tariff is discriminating against us and when it calls for counter-measures NICHOLAS ROOSEVELT—OUR NEW ENVOY TO HUNGARY. & new view of the war and its meaning and an to add a useful opportunity working | of it | knowledge Spanish to his already mwl":molmmhm; to a study of the economies and finange whm-tm.md.“ Was himyt.hereu might have hu“&mu el Roose! becoming & bankér was eliminated by entry of the United SiTi% o the Bhwagesn strvecte. e The Red Menace to Trade Can America Afford to Trade With Soviet and for Goods Made at Starvation Wages? DRAWN FOR THE SUNDAY STAR BY STOCKTON MULFORD such as our tariff legislation provides against all otHer countries whose tariffs are discriminating. For any tariff sys- tem of the Soviet is meaningless, since if any duties are chargéd on foreign goods the Soviet would pay any such duties to the Soviet itself! bition in the markets of origin. But in there is no market, and all prices fixed arbitrarily by the government. For example, the Soviet state monop- | the tariff oly has taken off the on which in any event it would have paid only to itself, and cured the privilege of * own coal into Dt of duty. This ‘movemen! emy! into this country. ‘This remedy 'mwb;lelecu iting our reciproci tarift such countries as they were framed a basis of f marketing these (Continued on Fourth Page.) Minister to the Magyars Nicholas Roosevelt, Our New Envoy to Hungary, Will Apply Principles of Common Sense and Fairness at once went to the American military authorities and placed himself at their mality & s -nduc. Lugoouvdt was assigned to the IQJOI the 322d Regiment. There followed the months of drill and train- ing in the latest methods of human slaughter. the regiment was m\&efl u;; m;}nfi front. But the p':-.l:’ es of a military career were the way of the banking potentialities. For Capt. Roosevelt came down wif pneumonia and was carried back to the hospital. By the time he was on his feet again the had been signed. f events, however, had its ‘This turn of e | the Peace ize the American headquarters and staff, he applied for a transfer from his regi- ment to the commission. This was granted, and it fell to the youg captain to help arrange the reception for Presi- dent Wilson upon his arrival in the French capital. Served in Austria in 1919. RAW MATERIALS ON HAND FOR ERA OF PROSPERITY Ex-President Coolidge Avers “They Only Wait for People to Come Forward to Utilize Them.” BY MARK SULLIVAN. ITH the election out of the way, the country can turn to a consideration of the business situation—a con- sideration in which, now, the arguments and statements need not be tainted by politics. About pros- perity and the lack of prosperity, snd the causes of the lack, there was, dur- ing the campaign, immense chatter. Most of it, from both sides, was frri- it the time and is sad to look ipon. The Democrats started out to fasten blame for the depression on the Republicans. The Republicans made the mistake of defending themselves, or of counter-attack. For the Repub- licans that with a strategic mistake. ‘The depression had been with us for & year. Everybody knew it was due to, and a part of, world-wide conditions. To blame any political party for it, or to e e in argument based on the theory that any political party was re- sponsible, was unwise campaigning. The Republicans arrived at a better strategy late in the campaign, when they said that the depression was upon us, that it was world-wide, that we must adjust ourselves to it, and that so far as political action could help us, probably the best plan was not to change the crew at a moment when the boat was in the midst of a world-wide combination of tidal wave and whirl- wind. That argument, used by the Republicans toward the end of the campaign, was more logical and ap- pefslmx than amything they had done before. Few Speeches Accurate. prehends.” Similarly, Secretary of the Treasury Mellon made one of the gen- uinely elevated contributions to the campaign when he calmly recited, out of his own rich experience and mem- ory, that he has seen these world- depressions occur during the Republ- presidency of Grant, the Deme- cratic presidency of Cleveland, Democratic presidency of Wilson, as well as the Republican presidency of 5 er. “rlxw—ow. Alfred E. Bmlmlh h.:‘ at once etral ‘when said - Dc:m OMMM not be blamed To get away from all that, to to the Jeu nt afitmrnme Tuture, we shall find a good a passage from a statement made by Calvin Coolidge t g Mr. Coolidge sald, “Our people own a very large supply of cotton, copper, wheat, terials. petroleum and other raw . They have heavy deposits of money in the banks, * * * The raw materials are at hand for an era s of ented prosperity. ward to utilize them.” Inherent in that statement from Mr. Coolidge is the question that everybody thinks about, the question when will “the come forward to utilize In the many answers attempted to that question the word ‘“confidence” recurs. It is said there is “lack of con- fidence,” that business will not attain full momentum until “confi- dence” returns. Confidence in particular detail of business or of the universe is there this lack of confidence that restrains men from going ahead into & new momentum of activity? If we can find just what it is that the people lack confidence in, we shall at least make progress toward finding the answer to Mr. Coolidge's question. It cannot be lack of confidence in the integrity of the banks. There have been actually fewer bank failures dur- ing the depression than during the prosperity that preceded it. Game Resembles Poker. ‘The specific thing in which the people lack ccnfidence can be identified, if we will permit ourselves for a moment to consider the analogy between, on the one hand, business, and on the other hand, the American card game called er. Without being too meticulous detall, let us take the similarity for granted. Picture six or eight men about a table, with their chips, playing fast and intently. Then consider the re- semblance between that and a whole nation engaged in business. Let us look upon the country a year ago, before the depression began, as having been engaged with high activity in a game which includes chips. Each of the chips had a fixed value. The farmer’s chip, let us say, was corn, and it was valued at a dollar. One miner’s chip was copper; it was valued, mnmmhr:ot merely that the value of e chips changed suddenly. would have been a sufficien ing convulsion. But the point is that the chips went downward in value in different ratios. The farmer’s corn went down in value about one-tenth. His wheat went down about a third. The miner's copper and the Southern l;‘lir‘ner‘l cotton went down about one- Now, if you ask what would happen to a poker game in which there this sudden and violent disturbance of values of the chips, the answer can be glven even by a person not experienced . The necessary quence is that the players almost stop. They hesitate to bets or, in the field of business, hesitate to make ventures or commit~ ments, because they do not know whether their chips, or their commodi~ ties, will have the same value when they come back to them. men play at all, or off peed of business, and that falling off constitutes the depression we have been having for a year past. Confidence in New Values. We can now approach the ans Mr. Coolidge’s fluesunn. We can iden- tify the partie thing in which the reonle “lack confidence.” What lack confidence in and what they acquire ::anfldenl.‘e lnl. before resumes its normal volume and 3 is the new level of value for ";cflvw the new level of prices for long as some men prices will go lower, they hesit buy. So long as other business think prices ma; her, they tate to sell. ey Confidence that the present mcu wll{h‘r:‘mun reasonably one that must come before business men to i i gl ! EFeE s delisl §§.sg' Efi‘ééé tile 8 § About what | o¢ The business men and 1 have come to this conclusion are, as & rule, those with most , those who have seen before, in previous Yfl the duplicate of the conditions . Younger business men, those i a & Sonditions, ‘are eaa ok to nave conditions, are less confidence now. business who have had long the comparatively few who business during the 1890’s, are the more able see is now the prudent course for like Mr. Mellon, i i 5 only the dep: the one of the 1870's, is the ped to have wisdom now. If were to choose to give public advice to business men now, guess tlumwnulgo mmsew 1 thmm cannof y Taw (o any considerable | i i B & &, » £ s let us say, at 20 cents. An sutomobile | factu - | manufscturer had as one of his chips, ities, the game was fast, the volume of activ- great. Business, during the Sum- mer months of 1929, just preceding the of the de on, went with