Evening Star Newspaper, November 9, 1930, Page 35

CHANCES OF DISARMING EUROPE WORSE SINCE 1914 Nations Consider Subject With Own Interests in View as League Pre- pares for New Parley BY FRANK H. SIMONDS. ‘T would be difficult to imagine a more unpropitious moment for the meeting of a disarmament confer- ence than the present hour. fact explains why Europe, if not the United States, has in advance dis- counted all possibility of achievement 8t the meeting of the Preparatory Com- mission at Geneva. By common con- sent the European situation is more disturbing today than at any time since the occupation of the Ruhr, and I find smong European observers a tendency o go back to 1914 for a parallel. Progress in iment would in- ‘Yolve ment on the part of the na- tions with considerable armies—France, Polard, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia and Rumania—to consent to reductions. But these are precisely the nations that are most alarmed by the recent events. France and Poland are equally nervous over the success of the Hitlerites and thelr program, which includes a re- vislon of peace treaties at the expense of Poland and a repudiation of repara- wmlnol which France is the largest clary. Jugoslavia, on its part, is aroused by recent Italian activities and the gen- eral recurrence of unrest along the Adriatic. Rumania is facing both do- mestic unrest and the eternal menace incident to Russian refusal to recognize the incorporation of Bessarabia in the eastern Latin state. As for Czecho- slovakia, it is passing through a re- crudescence of anti-German sentiment, stimulated by the Hitler phenomenon. And, like Poland, Czechoslovakia feel itself directly exposed to any German adventure, such as the Hitlerites have sketched. #rance Unwilling to Cut Army. i | defense in the hope of obtaining no American scaling down of war debts. Unhappily this argument is as little effective now as it has always been in the past. Neither France nor her allies are ready to reduce their own means of a re- duction of their bills to the United States. Quite by contrast, they argue that the United States, being interested in collecing the debts, should be con- cerned over their defensive strength. And, in the last analysis, the French are perfectly aware that Congress and not the Hoover administration would have to approve any debt reduction. They discover no evidence of any such benevolence. Ask Guarantee Promises. The United States and Great Britain, who have always sought to promote reduction of land armaments in Europe, have always failed to make any progress because European nations can be gersunded to reduce their armies only y_promises of guarantees of a military sort in case their reduction of armies is followed by war. The situation has not ¢l today. Rather the fact that the armed nations are more nerv- ous than at any time since Locarno, insures that their demands for counter- balancing securities will be accentuated. And obviously neither the Hoover ad- ministration nor the MacDonald gov- ernment can or would give guarantees. In the question of naval limitation, the proe&ect is quite as barren. The Franco-Italian negotiations have com- pletely broken down, because the French are unwilling on any basis to concede Italian parity, given Fascist programs in 15 | the Medi o iterranean and in North Africa. and her allles—Poland | Italy France, then, and the Little Entente—are in no mood their present military estal And France is busily engaged in estab- lishing & new frontier of fortifications Luxemburg to the Rhine. All part of other nations to change this state of mind can only lead to results if other nations, notably the United S'tzl?‘ and Gre':; Brlt.li.l:li are prepared ve guarantees against ev ences. And that is, of course, Italy, to be sure, although armed and, in fact, the second military power on the Continent, is nominally ready to_support a gmgn.m solely to enable her to achieve parity without expense. In other words, if the Itallans can bring about a reduc- tion of French military establishment they can arrive at equality. If they can similarly reduction of armies among the allies of France they will still further advance their own But for Italy—and to a degree for QGermany as well—the reduction of of reduction, but [ On will in program consider invoking the famous escalator i1 | clause of the London treaty, which would involve expansion of the Ameri- :n buil program if parity were to At the present moment Europe is go- ing through two different experiences. the one hand, the Fascist victory and the Italian demonstra- political extremists, Fascists and Com- munists alike. Depression Doubtful Aid. But it would be a grave error to be- . | lieve that the economic depression can contribute to furthering the of 500,000, a Polish of 250,000 and & Czechoslovak of 150,000, backed by numbering five or six ,mflxxlhyt.hem(.\u Great F AR5 iy g £ § 28 status of Europe of 1919, or until Britain and the United States France if present territorial edite! this stand France will be supported by Poland, Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Yugo- t | slavia and that without reduction in armaments—there can be probably Belgium. ‘What is a little disturbing is the re- crudesce! f the discussion of pos- sible American leadership in Europe and specifically in the direction of dis- armament. Leadership in Europe has years, provided we were prepared 1 We were pre] pay price. Today the price is double: Cancellation of allied debts, which would permit abolition of German repa- rations and thus perhaps fortify the present regime in Germany, and a tee of French security, which induce the French to reduce their army and keeg their navy at its present size. But lership, just by magic of our words and the right- of our principles, is as completely of the question now as when Wilson in Paris the price of his four- points was the miltary guarantee of the peace treaties by the United (Copyright, 1930.) Parrots May Be Imported for Christmas Trade Only Under Strict Regulations i ical birds may again be brought into the United States for ihe Christmas trade in pets, but only under conditions which the Public Health Service is convinced will safeguard the Nation from another ‘wave o':x&dmmlh, or “parrot fever,” which thirty-five lives last Winter. ‘The nmnmu week of the embargo established January against these birds and the promulgation of mnew regulations governing their importation marked the virtual conclusion of a scientific investigation which proved to be one of the most hazardous under- taken by the Public Health workers in Tecent years. Eleven of Staff Stricken. Eleven mbcrxhtguuasufl‘ of the service's hygienic ratory, since re- organized as the National Institute of Health, were stricken with the disease, two of them fatally, during the early stages of the investigation. The staff was so depleted by the disease at cne R R e for & period. - theless, the investigation was quickly yesumed in a special laboratory set up near the United States quarantine sta- tion in Curtis Bay, Baltimore, and to a conclusion by Dr. Armstrong of the institute stafl. The new regulations for importation of the birds, which will be enforced ARROTS and similar bright trop- | lations P protect | | | also require careful measures to the birds in transit and the maintenance of sanitary conditions in | house the crates, with prompt removal of all that appear sick. Further, shipments may be received only at ports where uarantine stations are maintained. a‘he birds will be detained there 15 days, and then ‘will be admitted only if a careful inspection shows them to be in good health. Private individuals will be allowed to bring in as many as five parrots as perscnal property if the birds have been under observation at least 60 days, but they will be required to take them immediately to their own homes. Enforcement of such regulations, the Public Health authorities are convinced, will vent such an outbreak as that which extended from November 23, 1929, to May 7, 1930, during which 169 human cases of “parrot fever,” with 33 deaths, were reported in 15 States and the District of Columbia, not including 16 laboratory infections with 2 deaths and 12 probable cases removed from vessels after exposure to birds purchased in Germany and Brazil. Prior to the 1929-30 outbreak a few similar cases had been recognized in 1904, 1925 and 1927. Dr. Armstrong was inclined to believe, however, that a number of other sporadic cases had been mistaken for pneumonia, and he credited the widespread newspaper K:lb- licity given to the disease last Winter with aiding physicians in detecting the real nature of the cases recognized. In addition to evidence which con- nected the attacks, human cases appeared, Dr. Armstrong established that the infection was not, as some contended, “ordinary pneu- Disease Found in Many Countries. THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, D. C, NOVEMBER 9, 1930—PART TWQ. Dark Clouds Gathering | by |now in KEY France and |.___ Her Allies Italy and Her Allies A EUROPEAN Note—This is the first of two articles revealing the political line-ups among nd the d i e St B and l In spite of the economic depres- oy Barope.there has beeh ately country irope there n ly good deal of saber rattling and hun- lions of spent just now on nt air armaments. Various reports scribing the feverish military tions of the European coun seem to indicate that the European nations have already forgotten the terrific les- sons of the last war and are getting ready for a new mad venture. The most ardent pacifists and the BY CONSTANTINE BROWN. N the last few months, dark clouds have been gathering on the political horizon of Europe. BY HENRY W. BUNN. following is & brief summary of the most important news of the world for the seven days en BRITISH COMMONWEALTH OF NATIONS.—The Imperial Conference session in London is scheduled to end by November 14. ‘The committee of the conference con- sidering the mattér has approved the pmronl of an empire high court to arbitrate matters in dispute between different members of the British Com- In | monwealth of Nations. ‘The tribunal would not be a perma- nent one but would be constituted afresh as each new occasion might Submission thereto would be its arbitration having the decision would be binding. two to be lppolnudfl each ty, the fifth by those four. must be citizens of the Commonwealth. The new court would deal only with disputes between governments, the privy council remain- the court of last resort for individ- u of the Commonwealth. Without question the conference in plenary ses- sion will approve the committee’s report. ‘The government’s education bill has | &, been carried through its second reading in the House of Commons. It would increase the total of school children by 500,000. Sir Charles Trevelyan, minis- ter of education, figures on coi ent release of 300,000 jobs to older children and adults; of course, maintenance grants for needy families are involved, and on this head the Conservatives are bitterly hostile. On November 4, Lloyd George pub- lished the proposals toward reduction of employment wheih he had been urging on the Labor government. A nd feature is a government loan of $1,250,000,000, whereof the proceeds uld be expended on public works to absorb unemployment. ‘The design of John Russell Pope, the New York architect, for the new wing of the British Museum, which is to the Elgin marbles, has been accepted. The structure is being_given to the British nation by Sir Joseph Duveen. ‘Thomas Norton Longman, the fifth Thomas Longman in succession the famous publishing house of ), Green & Co, is dead at 81. It was in 1724 that Thomas Longman bought the business of Willlam Taylor, first publisher of “Robinson Crusoe” at the Sign of the Ship and Black Swan, in Paternoster row, and where the old sign creaked is still the central estab- lishment of the oldest of publishing houses. The house was first publisher Coincident with the American outbreak l‘n number !.:nf human cases were rted Argentina, Algeria, Germany, Aus- tria, England, Holland, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Switzerland, France, Spain, l!;lfllr:;ldl’ll. Canada and the Hawalian Previous outbreaks of human psitta- cosis, it was learned as the study pro- gressed, followed an effort on the part of shippers to reduce the cost of trans- portation “by crowding many birds into small and necessarily u cages.” As many as 25 large parrots were shipped in a box with one open side and with an allowance of approximately one-half cubic fcot of space or less for each bird. With many such crowded um"awred l?n:el: hold of a ship, Dr. Armstrong_pof oul sanita- tion is difficult. v He produced evidence that such con- ditions can easily the disease Birds to which human cases were |to be traced were found to have come from Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Nicaragua, Hon- - extend to 82 days. cases to develop in 6 to 1 contact with an infected bird, though in some the -emldm uncommon, but ' the the second attack to be > | the reply. regards the European Situation Held Worse Than in Days Preceding 1914 COUNTRIES THAT ARE JOCKEYING FOR POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC POSITIONS. most inveterate optimists will admit in ivate conversations that the situation Europe today is at least as bad, if not worse, than in the years preceding the World War. Many are inclined to think that it is much worse. New War Possible. It was predicted that the World War would result in a much impoverished Europe, territorial readjustments and certain social changes caused by the disappearance of a few fottering thrones. A new European conflagra- tion may result, according to those who have been carefully investigating the situation, in a complete collapse of the present forms of government in Eu- rope. A new war is bound to have an equally disastrous effect on the vic- torfous as well as on the defeated na- tions; it will bring economic hardship, social unrest, and with these, inevitably, revolutions. People in the United States who are fully aware of the im- portance of & quiet, settled Europe hope of Johnson's Dictionary, the works of John Ftuart Mill, Disraeli, Lord Macaulay, etc., etc. It participated in the establishment of the Edinburgh Review and in 1826 acquired the sole ownership of that famous publication. Dean Inge, the “Gloomy Dean,” has created a tremendous how-do-ye- asserting that Queen Elizabeth illegitimate. Among the multitudinous books on India now appearing, there is one at least which may cordially be recom- mended, namely, “Dawn in India,” by Sir Francis Younghusband. He tells a story to illustrate the self-satisfaction of the superior Hindu. He asked a what he might expect to be- | come in another incarnation, supposing his behavior in this to have been good. “Perhaps a Maharajah,” he replied. “And what in the following reincarna- tion?” “A Brahmin like myself,” was The Rrahmin, of course, British as only recently and doubtfully emerged from barbarism. In & parliamentary by-election in Shipley, Yorkshire. the other day, the Conservative candidate won by a plurality of nearly 1,700 over the Labor candidate, whereas in the previous election the Labor candidate beat the Conservative by nearly 5,000. Ordinarily h’{l:}{l‘r ing in the heart of the Yorl e textile district, is whoopingly Labor, and the Conservative victory on the ht tariff issue was no doubt highly ificant. The Conservative candidate promised a tariff of woolen textiles. A week before, Conservatives won heavily against Laborites in municipal elections throughout the country. * ok ok % GERMANY.—So Germany has the two fastest passenger steamships afloat, the largest flying boat, the airship of greatest achievement and best-proved reliability, and she has in the Ersatz Preussen a “pocket battleship contrived to outrun anything that she can't out- hit and outhit anything that she can’t outrun.” And there are possibilities to that the leaders of the principal Eu- ropean states will realize in time the gravity of the situation and will en- deavor to prevent a catastrophe. The time is a ching when we shall see whether the European statesmen wish to avert a crisis. The results of the preliminary disarmament _conference which opens at Geneva on November 6 will indicate clearly in which direction the wind is blowing. Before the World War Europe was divided in two large political camps, the triple alliance and the triple en- tente. The former was composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy; the latter contained France, Russia and Great Britain. The triple alliance, under the leadership of Germany, was striving to obtain a “place in the sun,” which really meant hegemony over Europe. ‘The triple entente was formed to defeat this aim of the Ger- mans. Each group endeavored to bring under its wings the lesser European countries, so as to have as many allies fillip the imagination in the Krucken- berg Zeppelin-shaped, propeller-driven rail coach, in the Stratosphere e, in the carburetor which is to permit the use of crude oil in the ordinary motor. Germany is not asleep. On November 5 the great German flying boat, the DO-X, started from Lake Constance on her voyage for the ble when “the great day” arrive. the World War there was & general belief that this system of re- glonal pacts and alllances which had ended so disastrously had gone for- ever. The idea of the League of Na. had been warmly welcomed by pean nation, and it seemed 3 SOLDIERS’ OWN MEMORIALS MARK BATTLES IN FRANCE Crude and Humble Markers, Built by Men, Often Under Fire, Falling Into Ruin. BY BENJAMIN H. NAMM. HE twelfth anniversary of the armistice sees some of the most touching mementos of the American Army’s sojourn in Prance threatened with extinc- tion. These are the war memorials erected by units of the A. E. F. during the war lg eo.xghmemmu I&pof:‘:: engagements. ey are on the where the memorable events took place. To allow these monuments to pear is to relinquish the last remnants of the great abroad. ‘True, there are the great cemeteries, where rows of crosses mark the resting place of our soldier dead. But these cemeteries, noble shrines though they are, were created some time r the armies had departed. Of very recent origin are the elaborate materials—the work “u: hmg:‘-“ -m—wmfi g arising throug) France, under auspices of the American Battle Mon- uments Commission. as the work of the soldiers themselves, executed during the great days. Memorials Simple in Plan. ‘The doughboy memorials, Even had he ] n talent, both time and facili- ties were lacking. He worked only with the material at hand. The result was not imposing, but it was simple and dignified. Best of all, it was spon- taneous. It was the soul of the dough- boy—expressed in his own way. ‘There are 64 of these battle monu- need care. And these memorials are not of the most enduring construction. The soldier who built under fire, always within the sound of enemy ar- tillery, could seldom choose his loca- tion or his material. g‘m‘u.vmonthnp}“mdd mqu-nm f Ger- ey found a 'y of -3 man cement. With this material they erected a concrete pyramid about 6 re? in height. ':;h:n they hnmuaer:: out an appropriate inscription ane machine be | a pair of captured German ever, the League had the old fears and suspicions and new litical combinations were formed not anl!fllmr the signature of the Ver- sal] treaty. The nations which had gained territorial advantages after the end of the World War were drawn to- gether by the fear that some day the defeated nations may want to change the peace treaties. Offensive and de- fensive alliances were formed in order to e intact the treaties of Ver- sailles, Trianon and Neuilly. The de- (Continued on Fourth Page.) United States. It was planned to make | had stops at Amsterdam, Southampton, Lis- bon, the Azores and the Bermudas. She arrived at Amsterdam in a flight of 5 hours and 40 minutes, alighting on the Zuyder Zee. The speed was about 100 miles an hour. The crew numbers 14. She has 12 motors. She hopped off for Southampton yesterday. ‘The Reichsrat (Federal Council) is debating the budget for the fiscal year | deed, those 1931-32. The navy estimates call for an appropriation toward construction of a second Wi of the Ersatz Exuun class, to be cn.\le“flxl the !:nn": thringen, to embody improvement on the former, and to be completed in 1934. The navy people plan to begin construction of a third vessel of the same class, the Ersatz Braunschweig, in 1932 and of a fourth in 1934. It is said that the budget estimates balance at about 10.652.000,000 marks. ® x ¥ CRETE.—Our generation has discov~ ered no new worlds (unless you choose to put the Poles in that category), but you might say that Sir Arthur Evans has rediscovered for us one of the most upon volume (volume III is just out), his account of the palace of Minos, based upon archeological excavations and studies of unexampled skill under getting to know the Minoans very well: A folk “vital and fastidious, vain and healthy, fond of animals, very artistic, ingenious artisans,” with & highly developed social life and, as was natural to the creators of the first maritime emptrme; devoted to_eves pertaining to the sea. It is clear that they anticipated the Blessed Are the Askers BY BRUCE BARTON HEN I was younger I used to look at the giant cor- porations of the country with awe. I thought: “How wonderful to be president of such a world- wide business. Millions of cap- ital and surplus in the treas- ury; great plants which are turning out a stream of prod- ucts; the highest-priced ex- perts in every line to do the work! All the sident has to do is to sit in a nice big office and watch the wheels go round.” When I came closer to those giant corporations I promptly revised my ideas. For instance: I happened to be in the office of the chairman of the board of one of the biggest businesses of its kind. The telephone rang. On the other end of the wire was the presi- dent of a railroad. Said the railroad man to his friend the manufacturer: “You have a subsidiary company in our tory. Its total freight bill is only a few thousands of dollars a year, but we want i"ch‘T‘t business. Can we have A few days later I called on a manufacturer of building materials. The president’s sec- retary said: “The boss wants to see you, but he had to go out suddenly. He has just heard that So and 8o (naming a banker) is going to build a new house, so he jumped in his car and went down to see if he could get the order.” I called at my bank. The resident was not in his office. assistant reported that he had gone out—to solicit a new account. A friend of mine who is in a tough business has had a very good year in spite of the depression. A competitor asked him: “How in the world do you get s0 mmfy orders?” To whic] my riend replied simply: “By going out and ask- ing for them.” ‘Whether a business be big or small, local or international, makes little difference. If it is to keep going it must have orders. And there isn't any esident or chairman of the oard so famous or 8o rich that he isn’t after orders every single day! Conditions have been sub- normal now for a long time, not only here but all over the world. Many predictions have been ut ; many remedies prwd. roving things ipie; p! g very e: Let's all quit talking about how bad times are. Let’s go out and ask for orders. Blessed are the askers! (Oopyright, 1930). stalking partridges and the beautiful ivory figure of the lnplnl{‘:oy-lod. ‘They ":l:. in- N 0anS, prepare way for the golden age of Greece, the world’s supreme episode. * K Kk PERSIA.—It is now five years since a Persion Constituent Assembly, no doubt_under sufficient pressure, elected Riza Khan to be Shah of Persia, first On the whole is certainly one personalities among living rulers. He has had, is having, very great difficulties. Onme is the prob- lem of disarmament of the nomad tribes—the Kurds, the Kashgais and others. The revolting Kurds and Kash- gais were by one or another means persuaded to submit, but they were not defeated in the fleld and they continue to furnish a lem. ‘The relations with Turkey, though, no longer 'ming to threaten war, are precarious; those with Iraq, after a dublous period, seem to be fairly satis- factory and similarly of Afghanistan. At least for the present, Soviet Russia seems to have withdrawn horns that once menaced. The relations with Great Britain, which have passed h queer phases, since the long-defunct Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907, seem now to be in & fairly cordial phase which promises permanence. In 1929 Imperial Airways effected an ment, allowing it the Persian coast via Bushire, Bandar, Abbas and Jask. Risa Khan has bustled himself about communications, for, as Sir Percy Sykes, who knows his Persia better than any tage. A transpersian railway, from the Per- sian Gulf to the Caspian Sea, has been planned. Two sections have been com- pleted; one 150 miles long, from Khor Musa, an inlet on the Persian Gulf, guns at the base. Work Approved by Leaders. 8o successful was the experiment that the military authorities decided to Fortunately, also, France have assumed the work as labor of love. In the little town of Emile Bavalle, in whose monuments. of these . Bavalle's American adventure | tion,’ alive it will continue to be in good S amoter t at Brieulles, er monument a roadside Verdun, stands at the the tiny house of Former Mayor a Caretaker. ‘Where such devoted personal atten tion has been lacking it has been nec- essary to am;‘:logm ou%da help. A for- bullt no prtentious | the ad he possessed the rvising monuments which are near his home. Unfortunately, he is getting on in years, and one of the monuments, while nom- Ihlblnuy under his care, is inaccessible to ‘There another problem nts itself. Battles are not always fought in ac- cessible locations. Some of the most memorable conflicts in the Meuse-Ar« other important engage- [ BO% comme ments by the erection of similar monu- commander near Montfaucon, the e:x; at Brielles and B them requires not only money, but time, organization and the abllity to -upervluo 5 mmm tely, & few Ameri- administrative and economic improve- ments constitutes a questionable bur- Persian art, soon to be held in London. She boasts,a history of several great hases, one of ons, & literature that incluc "ll? shining names and a civilization still in some w 'ot‘unlquq charm. LATIN AMERICA —Work on the Mexican section of the Pan-American P B % 8l § E% | i | ! [ : | i 5 | : s [ | ; I | i | § E I | : E § Highway, which is expected uitimately a:lfl to connect the national capitals of the 21 American republics, proceeds vigor- ously. The parts completed are said to be excelient. The area of Mexico is about 767,000 square miles (that of continental United States, exclusive of Alaska, 3,000,000), the population about 15,000,000. About 47,000 square miles are under cultivation and 188,000 are in pasture. The rest is mountain, forest, swamp and desert. The new provisional President of , Dr. Getulio Vi that the Brazillan Congress once be dissolved and that a reorganization of the courts of justice” is indicated. For an interesting economic study of Brazil and forecast of its economic pos- sibilities, see “The Conquest of Brazil,” by Roy Nash. g NOTES.—The line-up of the next House is as follows: Republicans, 218; Democrats, 216; Farmer-Labor, 1. The line-up of the is lows: Republicans, 48; Democrats, 47; Farmer-Labor (Senator SI ), 1. The ln'?ar’.t.'nnce of the Repul cltn “in- surgents” obviously very great. Panama Canal traffic revived in Oc- dar | tober. ‘Teheran, | London Spectat singularly penetrating Sir | Angora Mustapha France’s new , the Bison, is llldmto be the WMW in the ‘worl The French Parliament Premier Mr. P. g in ol]nwi.nl tion: “At Kemal looks on the ideas and ideslisms of Europe with Soctalism, Communist, Pascism: Thess tor, makes the observa magnificent ertakings, monuments ot the common soldier are humble and crude. But they are his. Little will he care for new memorials if t.hetzxnmnt ones are allowed to disinte- grate. Ma)j. Gen. Hanson Ely writes as f “I am in favor of legislation that provide for Government lon maintenance of the various battle mon- American eral | uments that were erected by units of the Force “The upk of these mon amceuuwngxunum upon the erans of the division, who have donme their best to keep them in good repair, in spite oflthehlndlunldm of funds.