Evening Star Newspaper, August 31, 1930, Page 16

THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON, NEW NEAR EAST NATION FILLED WITH ROMANCE| Land of Babylon and Bagdad, ]\'nownv‘ s Irak, Now Has Individual Status. age.) | villain. Old Auda Abu Tayi was there, 3 —-| too. ! in his favorite| A great plate of rice crowned with through Auda's sandy dominion the | There were beans with tomato sauce, | old chief rode up. There was nothing |lentils and peas, pomegranates, drie crude or unscemly about the hold-up.|figs and dates and a sort of ¢ Auda explained just why he felt be was made from sesame seed and sug entitled to the money. Felsal knew he | sembling raw asb:stos. As a s was cornered and Auda got three thou- | dessert we were to have a can of sand of the four theusand pounds from | fornia pears. Tty were some !['\fi“l‘ friend had_come down from Egypt as a gift | D romn Miea s ciDare '1s o ‘ot of { for Peisal, it money anywhere and particularly in| ojq Auda had never seen such ailur- Arabla, but the future King of Ik |ing pears in all his turbulent life. and took the hold-up philosophically 8nd | the temptation to sample them at once | with good grace. He would not let old | was oydrwhelming. He could not wait. | Auda’s inborn habits of brigandage | pinging (hem delicious he disregarded interfere with a valusble and, for that |1 gih R0y TRAIR Te disresnicied matter, genuine friendship. No UrD |y, ¢ho \inds attacked the pears fad in the politics of Irak will provide a | 1 DO it | devoured them before the others of situation more difficult to carry off with | {TEEQ (HCT Before the ofhiers of 11 dignity ‘and KTACe. d loved Feisal and|COUTSe. This was -a catastrophe b -1 « = cause we all wanted some of those S?egrha(l E)‘?t":l;{un‘;“::rs:‘*;db:l:‘c“\dny g‘x‘imnr& But Feisal carried it off ‘per- Feisal's army. I remember the time |fectly. He never even let on that he when a column of Turkish cavalry was knew what had haopened. rushed out from Maan, south of the| ak' Faces Dead Sen. Its aim was to check the ad-| Xraktmcos Reton, vance of the Arab.forces and perhaps| These, thtn, are some of the squelch the revolt of the desert tribes. | tions that the suave and politic F But the reckless bravery of Auda spoil- | had to meet. He will need all of his ed their plan. A few miles from the | diplomatic cleverness in charting a safe head of the Gulf of Akaba the Turks|course for the kingdom of which he is stopped at the wells of Abu el Lissal to i now declared indesendent king. For water their horses and camp for the|Irak lies in a troublous part of the night. Bedouin scouts discovered them |world. It is faced with perils of the and when dawn came Auda and LAW-|most diverse sort, ‘rom antique mose rence had the column completely sur-| o, eo or igious fanaticism of Islam rounded. The Turks had }h"r )j“l’"i“";lo that_difficult ultra-modernity—oil force, but they had no way of knowing| “rn. Englichman who signcd the they sniped this, 'and the Arabs, as they sniped | guarantceing the independence o ing from one away at them, kept running fare |15 quite a different figure. Sir Francis hill to another, so that their numbers | pyumphrys, one of the empire's ablost would seem double what they were. | ginlamate n Asia, is the eharactort i n <% ©Off Turks. {type of adventurous British dignita o heir way | he East. He is a big, hard-riding. The Turks could have cut thelr Way | hard - working, hatd - paying. fellos through easily, but all day long they grh_nnl(m in ?]ho ways of Brita'n in the v hile the | Orient, equally at ‘nome in unravelin; A e “;v"e .;,m intrigue at an Indian maharajah's coutt Arab rifiemen picked them off. s T L T commander of the Ottoman column :-{' \.,:n, ;a‘.»r Tegion of mountain or to get his men away | desert. It is in the British tradit'on m'r"'é‘-'e‘?";? dariness. But just at|that he is both & mian of action And a sunset old Auda‘Abu Tayi spoiled any scholar. lan of that sort. Calling to 50 of his| A few years ago T had the rare good | Eowelll! tribesmen who were mounted | fortune (o penetrate the so-called for- on camels and horses, he crept up to | bidden country of Afghani§tan. That within 300 yards of the Turks. Then, most Oriental of al Oriental lands is while the rest of the Arabs looked on | traditionally closzd to outsiders, and a in amazement, Auda and his men let|Visit to Kabul usually is well nigh as out a wild yell and charged, hazardous and rare for s Christian as | Straight intc the midst of the whole |a pilgrimage to Mecsa. The Amir, Am- | murkish force taey galloped. The charge |anullah Khan, was just beginning those was so unexpected.and so reckless that | innovations which were soon to cause | it threw the Turks into confusion. They | him the loss of his throne. I was in-| broke ranks when the old chief and his | vited to Kabul by sheer chance, a fan- ! little band swept down upon them. But | tastic bit of luck. And while in Kabul * they were not too demoralized to return | I met Sir Francis Humphrys, His Bri- the fire. One of their bullets nicked tannic Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary | Auda’s sword. Another smashed his and Minister Plenipotentiary at the ! field glasses. His revolver holcter was |court of Amir. Though he has had a | pie; Bullets went through his robes | recent task of delicate diplomacy in ne- and fiying head cloth, and two horses | gotiating the terms 5f this treaty of in- were shot from under him before the dependence with Irak, this hardly ex- fight ended. Auda roared with delight | ceeds his Kabul record. and declared it one of the most en-| Joyable entertainments of his life. | From the wells of Abu el Lissal the Arab forces continued their march y through the barren mountains of Lava. | A few days later they captured the Turkish stronghold at Akaba. With the fall of that port, thanks to the diplomacy and strategy of Feisal and | Lawrence and to the fighting prowess of Sheik Auda Abu Tayi, the Arabs had won their war and the Turks no longer ruled over the Hejaz or Holy | bia. A’:ud.'s personal declaration of war against the Turks was a superb ex- ample bf Arab eloquence and arrogance He had his tribal scribe write it in triplicate, Qne copy went to the| Suitan of Turkey, one to the viceroy of Syria, Palestine and Arabia. and ‘the other to the mutessarif of Kerak, the Ottoman governor who resided nearest the Howeitat country. It read: ! . “By the grace of Allah, I, Auda Abu Tayi, warn you to quit Arabia before the end of Ramadan. We Arabs want this country to ourselves. Unless this be done, by the beard of the Prophet. | { | Diplomats Unpopular. In the course of 2i) years of wandering have encountered a host of diplo- matic emissaries, but my meeting with Sir Francis was about the strangest en- counter of all. %uropean diplomatic Tepresentation is decidedly new in Ka- bul. In the past tbe Afghans have not given any hearty welcome to the repry sentatives of Westen powers, A suave and stately diplomit was sure to risk his neck by even venturing into the countr The fact that there was a growing diplomatic 2orps at Kabul when I arrived was an inlication of the ne fangled and soon-tc-be-squelched West- ernization policy of Amanullah Khan. I found the diplomatic set in Kabul involved in peculier soclal difficuliies. The bolshevik, as usual, was the sour of bother. He and Sir Francis Hum- pirys were warily vadching each other. To the north were .he red armies of the Soviet; to the south the British forces in India. The Turkish representatives seemed cordial to the bolshevik, because at that time the innovating Mustapha t g;mal was friendly with Moscow. The re you proscribed, outlawed an inese, Persian and British envoys }.,‘,’C,’:meygoy l:ny one to kill.” | stood at the other side, as the repre- So it was through his constant deal- | sentatives of respeetability. v | a very discouraged frame of mind. Said he, “I've made a very silly mistake in judg- ment—it has cost me $10,000.” He went on for 'quite a little while bemoaning his bad luck and indulging in the sort of self-condemnation which s really a form of self-pity. I was annoyed. “Oh, charge it up on thg D. F. page,” I said, “and quit talking about it.” He was somewhat offended by my brusqueness. “What do you mean, the D. F. page?” “The Damn Foolishness page,” I answered. “Surely, you don't suppose that you can PARIS.—Out of all the strange ex-| periences thrust upon humanity by the; World War there arises one of the| most extraordinary mysteries this gen- eration has known. “The greatest spy of the war,” a hitherto almost unknown boy, who was instrumental in bringing the United States into the conflict, has | been swallowed up by oblivion. The young man’s name was—and 11: alive still is—Alexander Szek, an Anglo- Austrian. Although his family is cer- tain he is not dead, they have been unable to find him since he left Brus- | sels for England in 1917 with a most, important document. He delivered it and disappeared. | There came to & newspaper office | here recently & 71-year-old man, Joseph | T. Szek, the spy's father. He said that | he had recently had a letter signed by | one he did not know, but in the hand- | writing of his son, Alexander, "I want you to help me find him" Mr. Szek said, “for T am certain he is alive. Mr. Szek, the elder, lives in Paris now, although he has been all over Europe searching for news of his son. Before the war Mr. Szek, then a| wealthy Austrian merchant, lived in Brussels with his English wife and| their sgn, Alexander. The boy was a | War’s Greatest Spy Believed to Be Alive \ MAN came to see me in - | (New York-Rio-Buenos Aires) Line, an- EVERY TIME I GOT HIT escape making a damn fool of yourself once in a while. Do you imagine that you are smarfer t?an Napoleon, or Lincoln, r Alexander the Great,-or Roosevelt, or any of the other important people of history? Were you assuming that nature was going to set you apart—that you were to be the first man in all the ages who would walk through life without ever committing folly and having to pay for it?” : “But,” he complained, “$10,- 000 is a lot of money.” “It's a lot if you don't get anything for it,” I argued. “But if you gain wisdom, if D.-C., AUGUST ' 3t you learn not to make the same mistake again, I should say that, for a man with your income, $10,000 is not much to charge on the D. F. page.” I pulled out of my desk drawer a couple of quotations from eminent gentlemen. One was Mr. Dempsey, the fighter, quoted by my friend Grantland Rice. Dempsey remarked that in his first boxing days he nearly had his jaw broken be- cause he neglected to cover it properly against a certain kind of blow. But he was never caught in just that same way again. “Every time I got hit I (Copyrizht, 1030.) "IN LATIN By GASTON NERV AL. Pan-American Wings. HE greatest organization in the history of commercial aviation Nas just been establisl ed in the | ‘Western Hemisphere, with the purchase by the Pan-American Airways Co. of the Nyrba £ Grace nounced last week in New York. These two lines have had, since they were organized, the monopoly of aerial communications among the three Amer- feas, and now, merged, they are to operate the longest acrial mileage in the world. The merger gives the new concern a continuous, unbroken net- | work around the continent, \ncludmg both coasts of South America and all the Central American nations. ‘The Pan-American had control of 18217 miles of mail and passenger routes along the Pacific Coast of the Southern Hemisphere, The Nyrba Line whs operating over 9,500 miles of routes on the Atlantic Coast. ‘The consolida- tion of these systems will mean, when it | takes effect next month, the operation | of a network of airways over 20,000 miles long, with flying schedules of more than 100,000 miles weekly. .As a New York paper points out, its fleet of 138 aircraft of all types will include 74| | radio ehthusiast. He had invented, in a primitive instrument to be sure, an apparatus which would receive a large number of differing wavelengths. When the German army took the Belgian capital a high staff officer came to live at the Szeks' luxurious home. He got to know the son, who was con- multi-motored planes—more than are owned by any government. The progress of interamerican avia- | tion has been almost magical in these | last two years. During his South Ameri- can good-will tour President Hoover, two | years ago, was the first to forecast the | development of aerial transportation | sidered an Austrian, an ally, and his| on the continent, as well as the tre- | work. The officer eame to know, t00. | mendous influence that such develop- | that his invention was something the | ment would have for the greater suc- with desert warriors like Auda that | ;‘;‘m acquired much of his skill as a diplomat. But even before the Arab Tevolt this accomplished orlental prince | had undergone en unusual apprentice- Sir Francis Huma scene because he \ias the biggest man physically, because of his charm and poise, because of the might and prestige of Britain and bec:use of the past his- s dominated the lomacy as private secretary | tory of British misions to Kabul. It is :‘l;ng“:\v:“:l'p&d Abdul Hamid, No King | @ savage and bloody record, with massas of modern times has had as thorough | Cres and assassinalions. There is the training for his job as Feisal I, King | famous case of the British envoy, Sir of Irak. And he will need all his rave | Louis Cavagnarl. He was killed fin ability to hold his throne in Bagdad | Kabul by an Afghan fact'on who merely once the British .withdraw. For the | Wanted 1o spite their own Amir, population of Mesopotamia is made up | Of all the dipicmatic lights I have of & dozen or more turbulent races who | €er known, Sir Fiancis Humphrys ap- dwell in its cities and viflages, and be- | Deared the most enial and the most yond are the truculent desert tribes careful and tactful. He merely smiled jed by warriors of the breed of Auda | When I asked him about a certain most Abu Tayl, who would far rather raid (unusual festive event at the British and fight than rebulld the hanging |legation while I was in Kabul, Sir gardens of Babylon and redig the an- | Francis and his staff had given them- clent canals. They much prefer to dig :}:?z gnb;r;?;:‘; V!;;erm’\gn;(lu:)ulie rmen‘.. ies. Aetven A n in Kabul for six e e weeks without being assassinated. Blood Feul an Institution. And 5o in Bagdad Emir Feisal and Sir The blood feud is an institution ‘F‘mnfi:@ Hu?mll‘r:n, two interesting per- i a, as | Sonalities of glamcrous Asia, concluded N‘:xug\lg‘h:h:xg:c.f sh:?lm}n?vrr‘: &‘;dn pis | the treaty of independence of Irak, that T amrels, enmities and feuds | 32Cient land of Mesopotamia which was % serve. "Some he had inherited, mighty and splendid at the dawn of others he had acquired through his | DIStory own exertions. To my mind a prime | example of that diplomatic genius by which Feisal has made himsel? an im- portant King in & time when other monarchs are losing their thrones is| the skill he displayed in persuading the | crusty old villainjto bury the hatchet with his blood enfmies and then to get his tribe to agree to serve amicably with enemy tribes im the common struggle against the Turk. Auda didn’t like it. It went sorely against his grain not to shoot at the traditional foes he saw around him, but Feisel handled him with the skill of a master. Auda’s teeth-smashing episode is a perfect illustration of the impetuous Big Family, Not Title, Boasted at-Duce’s Party | An incident which has aroused much admiration in the press occurred when Mussolini was giviig a reception to the | aristocracy in Florence last month. In-| | stead of giving their titles of nobility when they were pesented to the Duce, the proud ladies of Florence named themselves “Maria Teresa Ricasoli—six children,” “Nora _Guicciardini—seven children,” laria Teresa Corsini—four S children,” etc., omitting the hitherto mature both of the Arabs whom Felsal | oyi00 100y Counters, duchess of mase to victory during the World War . ; 3000 he Avaibs Wnd other taces whom | Chioness wlwass preceding the family - he now rules from ‘;”m?‘:‘,?,‘“ Af‘mf’“i? This rather Fascist style of presenta- dad. When the paramount shelk of |ion wag 5o greatly appreciated by the the Howeitat heard that Feisal and Nis | Dyce, who complimented the gentle father and brothers had d(‘rlureldn‘:::' aristocrats in warm terms, that the na- on the Turks, he assembled his tribes | tional press immediately declared how men. At Auda’s command Y | ot long ago big families were not pop- mounted their racing dromedaries and | ylar among the Italian aristocracy. their thoroughbred Arab norses and off | Another newspaper in reference to the they sped across the desert to Feisals | gracious little episode expressed hopes encampment. There they swore m:)'hv that lmr nut)“fl.y will now do as much Koran to make Feisal's enemies their (as the middle and lower classes to enemies. After that l‘l\rvlnll at :hv,\l\\n XIlLllki‘ l( 3 (r;u\ul‘liux ‘px;\\p()r()us, power- t banquet in honor o he ul, admired and feared.” ™ Wntle they were dining Sheik Auda happened to remember that he had a set of German made false teeth in his mouth. With an oath he jumped up, rushed out of the tent and smashed them on a rock When young T. E. l.nwrr-nr[v cnm:ln down from Egypt not long afterward ! . opiy returned from a barnstorming Auda's mouth was so tender that he | oo, 00 n o mar Bast, say they are sure ‘was still on a liould diet: nr;;‘ ‘l"‘fl;f;""' | prised at the great development of golf had to send to Cairo for a o esial | in Japan. While the number, of course, tist to come down and make & specal |is at present Iimited, the world famous set of Allied teeth for the old robber. };{;];\yen ay that inferest in the game heon. {has spread to an astounding extent ’“:‘"‘"‘ :.:::mqu» desert | BMONE the busineis men there. At pres- 1 remember a sque desel | ent golf is limited to those of the upper luncheon which Feisal gave in m ‘clahaus because of the matter of ex- honor one day when we were on-a |pense, but the tire is not far off when tour of inspection of the b army | there will be puklic links available at intrenched near Maan. ‘There were! fairly reasonable rates. Hagen and & number of Arab dignitaries present, | Kirkwood played each other and then one of whom was Gen. Nuri Pasha, |teamed up against a Japanese pair for now one of Felsal's important ministers | & foursome in. cheir matches there, | Most of the 1aatches were d | Kirkweod beat Hagen 1 up in their first | Japanese Sport World Is Turning to Golf ‘Walter Hagen and Joe Kirkwood, who |is certain that war with America must German Army did not have, but which | they could ~well use. Accordingly, young Szek was taken into the German | wireless service. Gradually he came in touch with the most secret circle of this division. He was promoted. And, finally, he was placed in charge of receiving in Brus- sels all state messages, which he had to decode. All messages from and to the Kaiser were sent via Brussels. Yet, none of the code experts of France or England could decipher them. A secret service agent was sent from England to find the key to the code. Instead he found Alexander Szek, half- | English, and in time won his allegiance | to the allied cause. For weeks the | boy worked at night deciphering the messages and copying every word for England. Finally, he found a message from former Minister Zimmerman to the{ German Ambassador in Mexico, Von Eckhard—the message that turned President Wilson, who had kept hands | off, into the conflict. [ stricted U-boat warfare. we hope to keep America neutral. But if_we fafl, we are ready to make an alliance with Mexico on the following | basis: We will wage war and make | peace in common. We will support Mexico financially, and it is under- | stood that Mexico will get back New | Mexico and Arigona, lost in 1848.| Details are left to you. Sound Car- ranza thoroughly and as soon as it ensue, advise nim to form an alliance with Japan on his own initiative. at the same time composing that country’s quarrel with Germanv.” That message startled the world. Alexander Szek left Brussels for Lon- don and two days later the documents arrived No word has been received of him since, according to his father. save the letter. There was a report that young Szek was killed “somewhere in Belgium.” but the elder Szek gives it no eredence.” “I belleve my son is living under an assumed name,” Mr. Szek said, “in fear of being discovered. It is possible that he may be forced to live under an as- sumed name. At any rate, I know he is alive” e 2 Communist’s Letters Seized by Japanese Letters which the police say link the Third Internationale and several radi- cal labor organizations in Tokio and Osaka were recently seized by officials of the small port of Fushigi, on the | west coast of Japan. A sailor from one of the tramp steamers plying between Fushigi and Viadivostok aroused the suspicion of the post office authorities when he went in one day and sent sev- eral fat registered letters addressed to branches of these radical organizations. The letters were opened and were found to contain material the nature of which has not been revealed, but it is understood that they were of a sed! tious nature. The fact that there has been & number of labor disputes throughout the country of late aroused the police to keep a strict lookout for any adverse propaganda from abroad. ‘The captain of the ship and the 30 members of the crew were questioned about the letters and one sailor, whe and intimate advisers in the govern- o] ment of Irak. Another wes Malue who wore high purple-topped | meeting i Kobe, and since then they enormous spurs that jangled | have turned back Japanese professionals Be Paustcally, an immense medicvai sword |by comparatively low scores. Their : | presence there greatly stimulated inter- that ne of the m'&'fiu";‘::“idx;na'"mmmm est, in golf on the part of the general _lke a Deury Lenc ! public, was found to be a member of & secret labor group in Osaka and who re- sembled the man who posted the letters, | services from Miami to the West Indies. | | the Amazon Valley, where incalculable | from New 'York by steamer. cess of pan-American ideals. But his words were then considered an op! mistic glance into the future, a pre- mature prediction with a Jules Verne touch, which newspapers here and | abroad commented upon with high praise, but did not consider in any way near to being s workable possibility at the time. In January, 1929, the Pan-American Airways Co., operating an air line to | Cuba, Was just beginning to extend its | In February of that year, Col. Lind- | | bergh flew the first load of mail to the | peculiar, in that it lacked civil leadc northern part of South America from | the Florida base. In August, a year ago, the Nyrba was only carrying pas- | sengers on*a West Indian hop of 125 | miles. Less than two yes have elapsed since these ploneering attempts were being carried out in an atmosphere of doubt _and unbelief, Today nearly 200 planes of all types cross the con- tinent from one extreme to the ocher, and all the Latin American capl.als, without exception, are connected by air links with the United States. Air mail can now be dropped into any post box in this country for delivery in any of the Latin American republics. It reaches Buenos Aires, the huge south- ern metropolis, in seven days. It reaches | treasures have been hidden by Nature, in five days. This valley is 30 days Until aviation came along, Buenos | Aires, Rio de Janeiro, Santiago, Lima, Bogota, La Paz and all the principal cities in South America were between | two and three weeks from New York by boat. They are now only a fow days by air. Buenos Aires is within three days by air of every capital in the Southern Continent, and so is Rio, the Brazilian metropolis, which here- tofore had been separated by weeks of travel from many of the other economic centers of the Western Hemisphere. Not only the mail but also the pas- senger service is developing consider- ably. A record for long-distance aerial transportation was recently claimed by the Nyrba Line, which had transported in the first six months of 1930 551 pas- sengers in its 32 planes. The same company is #inding even its 24-pas- senger flying boats too few for the demand, and plans are now under way | for the construction of glant craft with | a capacity for 100 passengers, a range | of 1,000 miles without refueling, and cruising speeds of 140 miles per hour or better. - Aerial transportation is a complete success in Latin America. Skeptics and pessimists must now admit that the prophecy of President Hoover was nearer {o reality than they thought. TWENTIETH CENTURY DIPLOMACY Aviation is doing in months what years and decades of political and dip} matic effort could not accomplish. To- gether with radio, it is bringing closer the peoples of Saxon and of Latin origin in the Western world. Good understanding among nations grows out of the knowledge which they have of each other. And aviation is the most efficient means to spread mu- tual knowledge, for it shortens dis- tances and facilitates personal contacts among individuals of distant countries. In the cas> of Pan-American rela- tions the influence of merial routes is particularly significant, for the lack of proper and rapid means of communica- tion has until recently been the most serious obstacle to better acquaintance and greater comprehension between the peoples inhabiting both sides of the Rio | was arrested. Efforis to determine ex- actly the nature of )" AL however, have &8 et Grande. Both land and |and was put over exclusively by army mmum: com- | worthy AMERICA tral highway uniting all the American | countries is but a project today--an ambitious one—and only the northern- |most Latin republics can now be reached | announced that he will receive the press in that way. Before this huge road | scheme becomes a reality, a_ gigaatic | task will have to be accomplished in devising means for crossing certain en- tirely impassable places in the Colom- | bian and Brazilian jungles. A still | more remote project is that of a Fan- | American railway which would permit | land communication by rail between | North a.d South America. The im-| pediments are obvious. As ior ocean communication, despite | the recent improvement made by Araer- | ican maritime firms in inter-American | traffic, there is still much to be accom- | plished in that respect. And even when conditions are perfect—if they ever are | —the principal South American capitals will be at least two weeks from New York by steamer. ! This lack of means of commurica- tion has not oply made it difficult to achieve better understandipg but it also hias hindered commercial interchange, which is another elem .t of success in intcrnational relations. The ship haul from Furope to South America being reletively short, America . trade has had to overcome this handicap, and only now begins to benefit from the advan- tages represented by a speedy airmail and a quicker trip for its commercial agents. It is estimated that, the South American territory, which required nearly a year to be rovered thoroughly by & trade representative, is now being done in less than two months with the aid of air communlcations. International trade and pracsical, mutual knowledge are the basis for success in “twentieth century diplo~ macy.”, Aerial transportation encourages | both, and thus becomes a predominant factor in promoting human under- standing and human progress. FOR DEMOCRACY'S SAKE. Something unusual - for the -observer | of Latin-Anerican domestic politics is| bappening in Bo'ivia. Following the overthrow of the Siles regime by a revolutionary movement, which was officers and youthful students, all polit- | ical parties are getting together in or- important thing is, when we are hit do we learn something? |office present a certificate proving resi- 1930—PART TWO. —By Bruce Barton learned something,” he said. The other quotation was from Bobby Jones and was similar. “All I know about golf I have learned from the games I lost. I never learned anything from the games I won.” Most of us are so constituted that the example of others, the teachings of history and the warnings of our elders are more or less simply will not learn until a hard lesson comes along with a bill attached. ineffectual. We The bill is unimportant. The Or do we just get a sore jaw? has not as yet been buried in all the Latin-American countries. LLONG AMERCIAN LINES. Inaugurating in Colombla a tradi- tional practice which he had observed in the Unifed States during his long stay in Washington as Colombian Min- ister, says a wire report from Bogota, tle new President of Colombla has just representatives twice & week. ‘The Associated Press correspondent in the Colombian capital adds that Senor Olaya Herr.-.., who, after vepre- senting his country in Washington for the last eight years, was inaugurated a few weeks ago as President of that South American republic, stated to him that these press conferences will be based on the plan now in practice at the White House, where he had the opportunity of observ g its wonderful results. The announcement met, of course, with enthusiastic applause not only in Colombia but in foreign coun- ies where the decisive influence of the press in public matters is well un- derstood. When Senor Olaya Herrera was elreted to the presidsncs of Colombia he declared that the experience gath- ered during his lonz stay in the United States would prove of incalculable serv- ice in the discharge of such highly re- sponsible duties as had just been en- trusted to him. I~ said that he planned to establish in Colombia several admin- | istrative practices which he had ob- |served in thi: country at the same time that he would encou-age economic re- forms along American lines. One | these practices is that just announced | by cable. And this, like all subsequent |ones, can but result advantageously to | Colombian progress. IN nearly all Latin American coun- | tries there is a_constitutional provision | that requires of any individual a cer- tain period of uninterrupted residence in national territory to make him eligi- {ble for high executive or legislative | positions. Those living for long periods |in fo. ign countries -enerally have lit- tle prc.ability of success in elective contests. I would like to see another provision substituted for this which would re- quire precisely the contrary—i. e., that all prospective candidates for public in ' special audiences dence of two or three years fn a highly civilized foreign nation. (Copyright, 1930.) PUBLIC LIBRARY der to establish a new government com- posed of men of all factions, which shall be the true expres:’-n of natlona! accord. Contrary to unfortunate political tra- | ditions in Latin America, this time do- | mestic disorder, civil anarchy ané ex- plosions of personal ambitions and| vengeful hatreds have not followed this | revolution in Bolivia, Instead, moved | by an overwhelming public sentiment for domestic harmony and national re- | construction, which "prevails all over| the country, political leaders have agreed to forget past differences and| co-operate unanimously in bringing the republic back to normal condition and a legal form of government. In this task they have been strongly encour- aged by the military junta, now in charge of the administration, which is itself giving another noble example of | disinterestedness seldom seen in Scuth- ern _politics. Twenty-four hours after the revolu- | tion had succeeded the members of the | junta stated that the military govern- ment was only a temporary one, and| that none of the army officers com- posing 1t would be ‘lowed to partici- pate in the coming presidential elec- tions. This ga- the first evidence that | the Bolivian movement was not the| result of personal designs, but a truly| popular uprising for the 're-establish- | ment of lost democratic liberties. | The next step was to convoke a meet- | ing of the most outstanding figures of | al the political parties to nominate & national coalition ticket for the next general elections. This group of dis-| tinguished party leaders has just agreed, | | according to recent cable dlspnt:'hrsv’MatkenAzle, J. K. The Trader's Wife. upon what in South America is called a “formula unica,” or single ticket: that 15, & coalition candidacy supported | by all political organizations. This ticket is made up of the three most prominent men in present-day Bolivian politics—the leaders of the three existing parties. Daniel S$ala-| manca, a “puritan,” economist and fa- | mous orator, head of the “Partido Re- publicano Genuino,” is nominated for | the presidency. Ismael Montes, former | President of the republic and head of | the Liberal party, is selected to be Pirst | Vice President, and Bautista Saavedra also a former President and now head | of the Republican party, is to be Second | Vice President. Thus all rolitical !en-‘ dencies will be represented in the next Bolivian administration by their most| outstanding men, who have subordi-| nated their personal positions—two of | them are ex-presidents—to national unification and concord. | Such an example of political matu- | rity in a continent where similar events | have almost invariably led either tof continued civil strife or to but another | despotic form of government is praise. and ant. It is an en- democracy | brary and lists of recommended read-~ | sandvick, R LY Study and Personality. Hutty, Alfred. | 77 Recenit accessions to the Public Li- ing will appear in this column every Sunday. Biography. Hardy, Mrs. F.E.D. The Later Yearsof Thomas Hardy, 1892-1928, E-H219ha. Hermine, Princess, Consort of William IL. An Empress in Exile. 1928, E-H426. * Howland, H. H. Dwight Whitney Mor- row. E-M835h. James, Will. Lone Cowboy. E-J2382. Robeson, Mrs, E. G. Paul Robeson. E-R5473r. Sage, Lee. The Last Rustler. E-Sal4. Taggard, Genevieve. The Life and OUR FOREIGN FACTORIES AID BUSINESS IN U. S.- Secretary Davis Discusses Establishment of U. S. Industries Abroad and Can See No (Continued From Pirst Page.) entire world would have to come to American industries &nd _American workers for every product needed. Fail- ing that, they might accept conditions under which at best every product 'which America offers to the world for sale would be manufactured by Anxl:fll; these persons who look with doubt and this trend of American in- ‘branches in the ‘markets. We never- theless live in a world operated by forces beyond our immediate control. |used This tends American industry is It is certainly not to be stopped; and, in my estimal it is not to be feared. Our very tariff policy is the product of another of these forces. If human nature were perfect, we should need no tariff at all—the good American buyer in any typical American store, when offered a 'choice between American goods and the produet of another coun- try, would hesitate not a second. H would say, “This !orelfx article may be more attractive and I can buy it at a lower price. It doesn’t matter. will buy the American article and help keep the American worker employed and the profits at home.” ' Human nature, it happens, doesn't work that way. You cannot persuade human beings to put such abstractions above immediate personal gain. When you come down to it, we, raise a tariff not so much against forelgn goods &s against this human tendency in our- selves. «We collectively guard ourselves against a weakness that we know wé cannot- trust the individual to resist. ‘That is the simple, and the whole, phi- losophy ot the tariff. It is our way of insuring the stability of American in- dustry and the American worker against human frailty. And it has become a part of our very life. Money for Largest Return. An even stronger tendency in the human being is to put out his money where it will bring him the largest re- turn. If we did not allow this tendency free rein, enterprise and progress would stop in their tracks. That also is a fixed belief in the American’s way of thinkir t accounts for everything that we e accomplished in our in- dustrial advance. And it accounts for this reaching out of American enter- prise toward the establishment of rep- resentative industries in other lands. Being the natural force that it is, it is not to be stopped. We would be wise not to sfop it, even if we could. But just as we have sel a tariff to guard us against one human weakness, we may have to find and apply & brake in certain instances on this outflow of our industrial capital and enterprise other countries. ‘Where establishment of an American industry abroad means the closing of that industry here at home, we ma; have to find means of discouraging this. ‘The time hds not yet arrived, but the contingency is one to think of and pre- pare for. In every respect I see little to fear from this branching out of American energy.” The truth is that America, with its original inventive genius, and with its piled-up experience and ac- cumulative capital, has me the power house of the world. For years other countries have been sending commissions here to study, learn and apply_our methods in the” creation of [ 95 wealth. We have made no secret of these methods. We could not have kept them secret Had we so wished. We have left it to other peoples to copy us as they pleased and could. And an in- stinctive wisdom has prompted us to this. We have sensed that a world en- riched as we have been renriched would | S be_a richer market for our goods. We further have sensed a fact that in the end will save us from competi- tion with these other peoples and their improving production- methods. That fact is the diversity of these peoples, and the human tendency df each to turn out its characteristic line of prod- ucts. The proof of that is the very diversity of these foreign products which makes them so attractive in the American market that we have to pro- tect ourselves from them. U. S. Enterprise Abroad. Now we are not waiting for these others to come and learn from us. American enterprise and method are planti themselves on foreign soil. Naturally the aim of those interested in this s not to educate other people, but to make money for themselves. This American initiative is only expanding and expending itself in response to an- other natural law. \It is a power, and, like any power, it will and must exert itself. But this power cannot enter upon these industrial efforts in other countries without a gradually spreading educational effect, along with all the benefits of American industry. We have seen this process at work here at home. In one backward com- munity after another we have seen the typical American industrial method carry its higher wages, liberal treatment and enlarged buying power among the workers. In other countries social or political differences may slow up this Danger. process of lifting the masses and dif- fusing the national wealth among them. But certain European observers Jook upon the process s inevitable, with American industries abroad as agencies and object lessons in its read. y lp’l‘he same fears that have been feit over the rise of American branch indus- tries have been expressed in regard to the great sums of American money in- vested in foreign enterprises. By now the amount has reached &n aggregate of $20,000.000,000. The charge has been raized that American capital thus is to finance competition with indus- tries here at home and to the aetriment of American labor. Thought occurs as to the immense this sul Ameri- can capital might accomplis] devoted to public health, to social bet ent of every kind here at home. But again we must face the world we live in. The day is far off when public sentiment will demand that profits aboye a fixed level shall revert to the publi¢ welfare. And until that day arrives this money will continue to seek the largest usefulness and returns and the power will con- tinue to exert itself. We may be sure that if more highly profitable uses can be found for it here at home, here it will stay. As it is, the productive machinery of the United States Las been developed to & point where we can more than sup- y our home market, even though it is far the richest market in the world. Mass production has been brought to the point where we must seek an ever- expanding market elsewhere. In the light of this fact, these vast sums of American capital invested abroad, these American branch industries iz sther countrie- with their tendency to raise wages anc Mving standards, may be operating to develop just that richer and broader market which we need. American Powerhouse, It is the gieat 4 ..erican powerhouse sending currents of energy in various forms to points that show the most likely ability to absorb this power. We even have more than $16,000,000 con- tributed to churches and schools Wn foreign lands. It is a mistake, too, to arrogate to ourselves sole right to the title of the world's powerhouse, British and other foreign funds invested here —in our railroads, in our industrials and public ut"‘ties—in times past have played a part in our development, in have a like effect in bringing other parts of the world into buying and con- suming power for our eventual benefit, In fact, despite the current business lull that is general, this world-wide eco- nomic quickening of fate has been such that we were well advised indeed in re- vising our tariff protection at the few to | Points needed. As for the “tariff war,"” Which certain critics of the tariff have made into & bogey, it is just as well that we recall a few hard facts. The fact seems to have been over- looked that during the last three years, and before our tariff revision was be- gun, the various countries of Europe put into effect hurdreds of tariff increases of their own, besides hundreds of dis- criminatory regulations. France has sought to bar our motion pictures alto- gether. England Has fought them. Italy has repeatedly raised her tardff against American automobiles, with two SHff advances prior to the recent in- crease. It is not recently, but over a period of some years, that Italy has kept per cent' of all motor purchases to those of Itallan make. Most of the countries that have protested agatnst our new tariff have even higher tariffs of their own, and the people of ¥ng- land—supposedly free-trade England— pay in customs dutles twice as much par c::a: as the people of the United Complaint for Future, It will be time enotigh to kick at our wage scales and living standards into tp:rny v;lllth ours, ere will be no competition with chea foreign labor. It will be time enougl to fear for the stability of American in- dustry and labor when other countries surpass America in industrial brains and enterprise. While it may be talk” to say so, I nevertheless believe thg. fl:fi' will never come, m the contrary, it may well be the function of America to, utilize her sur- Plus power in lifting other countries to our standard of livinug and level of pro- duction, and this without. depriving the army of American workers of a liberal return on their skill and labor. Unless I am greatly mistaken, that is what we are witnessing now, in this process of setting excess American money and en- terprise to useful employment abroad. he money and energy thus expended beyond ourborders may be depriving America of huge philanthropies, but this deprivation comes in a day when phi- undertaken on any such colossal seale and when there is no pressure of public opinion or regulation to compel them to be undertaken, No other effect on our® people is apparent- so far. Accepting conditions as they are, then, and taking the long view, it seems to me that this use of our surplus resources can operate only to our ultimate good. Britain to Increase Salary of Premier; Ministers’ Pay Inadequate Since War LONDON. — If Parliament approves the recommendation of a Select Com- mittee on Ministers’ Salaries, which it Mind of Emily Dickinson. E-D562t. Vanamee, Mrs. M. C. Vanamee, E-V26v. Wister, Owen. Roosevelt. E-R673wi. Methods of Study. Crawford, C. C. The Technique of Study. 1928, IQY-C858t. KleinSmid, R. B. von, and Touton, F. C. Effective Study Procedures in Junior College. IQY-K6T. Werner, O. H. Every College Student’s Problem. 1X-W49. Fiction. Barrington, E., pseud. The Garden of Vision. Bower, B. M., pseud. Tiger Eye. Brown, Mrs. E. A. With Trailing Ban- ners. Hamilton, Mrs. M. A. Three Against Fate, 3 Pedler, Margaret. Fire of Youth. Rosman, A. G. The Young and Secret. Wallace, Edgar. The Green Ribbon. Etchings. Briscoe, Arthur. Arthur Briscoe. WQT- 77, Hassam, Childe. Childe Hassam. W10- H277a Alfred Hutty. W10~ Ka;lqze;l. Philip. Philip Kappel. W10-K aam;u'g. D. Ernest D. Roth. Wi0- Salaman, M. C,, ed. Fine Prints of the Year. v. 4. 1926. WQT-Sa32. Literature. Bernbaum, Ernest, ed. The Romantic Period.” Y-9B46 is expected to do in the new session opening on October 28, the British prime minister will be paid $35,000 in- stead of $25,000 a year. But so long as the present premier, Ramsay Mac- Donald, retains his office, he will re- ceive only the usual $25,000, for the increase does not become operative dur- ing the present administration. For many years the salary paid the chief of the King’s ministers has been regarded as inadequate, and it has be- come totally so since the war, because of the rigors of the income tax and the greater amount of official entertaining which must be paid for out of his own purse. Although there is a government hos- pitality fund, it was necessary for Pre- mier MacDonald to spend considerable sums in entertaining, both at his offi- cial residence, 10 Downing street, and at Chequers, the country home of the premiers of England, during the Naval Conference. When he entertains in his capacity as premier he can make no | This claims on the hospitality fund. More of it is in store for the near future, for toward the end of Septeraber the Im- perial Economic Conference will be convened in London, and in late Octo- ber the all-India round-table parley will | g, meet here. In fi MacDonald is out of luck In the matter of conferences. Some of his predecessors got off lightly in that respect. If Labor was turned out of office to- morrow MacDonald's principal source of income would be his parlitmentary sal- ary of $2,000 a year, for although some of the King's ministers are entitled to pensions, no provision has been made for pensioning the prime minister, whose other title is first lord of the treasury, As leader of the ition he is not suj to augment slim The Columbia University Course in Lit- erature. 12 vols. Y-9C728. Gerould, G. H. Old English and Medleval Literature. Y-9G31o0. Hinchman, W. Pedestrian- Papers. Y-H58p. Miller, H. A, and others, eds. Adven- tures in Prose and Poetry, Y-9M61. , C. Contrasts. 1925, income by other forms of employment. There are nine ministers in the cabi- net in receipt of a $25,000 salary. The Jord high chancellor, however. receives $50,000 and on retirement is entitled to a pension of about half thai amount. Of ministers not in the cabinet, the which sometimes amount to between $75,000+ and $85,000 annually. Some left-wingers in the Labor party would | like to see a big reduction in the emol- uments of these law officers of the incumbents of these two jobs would probably make much more if they were practicing at the bar. It has long been recognized that the salary of a member of Parliament is wholly inadequate, yet there are many Labor members who live almost entirely on it. Some wealthy members have re- signed their seats because of the heavy drain on their purses. In several in- stances it was estimated by the retir- ing members that they had to put out between $35,000 and $40,000 a year in all forms of charity and entertatning of constituents. Three Labor members whose constituencies are in the north share a small apartment in London and often do their own cooking. It was largely through the pressure of Labor members that “high teas” were mads available on the parliamentary premises is a meal which often includes smoked fish of sausages. It was com plained that dining in the regular Come mon restaurant was too costly, espe- clally when there were long sittings and it was necessary to eat at least twice uring a sitting of the House. (Copyright, 1930.) . Germany’s New Method In Culture Portrayal In order to demonstrate Germany's cultural accomplishments to the world A S0~ “Ge! large seaboard city. will contain a thea- ter, with a seaf capacity of about 500 people. In addition, large exhibi- tion rooms are planned, where all sorts ! art products will be shown. The she may ‘The “culture ship" attorney eral and the golicitor gen- eral salaries “culture ship” idea originated with a B l(l? Charlotte Steche, who ‘woman. crown, but most of the distinguished * Proof tha. our own investments may , tarift when other countries bring their = When that day comes , “Pollyanna / lanthropiés are not being 'voluntarily ’ ministers are also entitled to legal fees, ¢ ¥ !