Evening Star Newspaper, May 3, 1930, Page 6

THE EVENING STAR o With Sunday Morning Faition. WASHINGTON, D, C. SATURDAY........May 3, 1030 THEODORE W. NOYES. . ..Editor ‘The Evening Star Newspaper Company Business Office: in Ave 4and 8t n Building. X Lake AMichi 9 B W 8t.. London. i an Office: 14 Regent England. Rate by Carrier Within the City. R: .. 45¢c ver month E (when “ un 60c per month e s Bul ‘¢ oer month The r . 5¢ per copy Collection made at the end of cach month Orders may be sent in by mail or felephone NAtional §300. Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. aliv and Sunday. . 1yr. atly only 19 junday only nd_Siind dayy) .. nd Sunday Siar days) : Sunday Sta: All Other States and Canada. atly and Sunday ] sr.. $12.00: 1 mo.. $100 4y 0nly “........1¥r. $8.00° 1mo.. 8¢ unday only 1 $5.00: 1 mo.. s0c | Member of the .issociated Press. The Associated Press is exciusively entitled e use for republication of all news dis- atches credited (o it or not otherwise cred- ted in this paper and also the jocal news published herein. All rights of publication of special dispatches herein are also recerved. | e The Diminishing Surplus. The fact that during the last two fiscal years—the year 1929 and the cur- rent year 1930—the District has been able to show a healthy cash balance after meeting running expenses and financing a number of improvements has constituted one argument in sup- port of the theory that the Govern- ment’s $9,000,000 lump sum contribu- tion, plus the local revenues from the | existing tax rate of $1.70, is adequate | Last March, in fact, Auditor Donovan prepared a proposed five-year financial program for the years 1930-1934, in- clusive, in which the possible expendi- ture of $230.616,000 during this period was itemized cn the bases of the exist- | ing lump sum and the existing tax | rate. The auditor also included in the program a separate list of projects that could not be taken care of under this five-year program. But the District appropriation bill | for the year 1931, as passcd by the | House, and the introduction of other | legislation, have knocked the five-year | program into a cocked hat; eliminated | the District’s surplus of revenues avail- | able for general expenditure and made probable a drastic increase in the local tax rate for 1932, unless the Senate | perts | way Safety—emphatically indorsed the | monly known as the Hoover turn. vided in the Senate, would be agreed to. These predictions have apparefitly been fulfilled. The House has agreed to a 6-cent duty on cement, the duty fixed in the Senate bill, which is 2 cents less than the rate voted when the House had the bill before it. The House, however, struck out the Blease amendment, adopted by the Senate, which would have admitted free of duty cement to be used in public works. The general trend as evidenced in the House itself, and in the conference ireport on the bill, has been toward lower duties on major items in the bill. The hope has been expressed in many quarters that out of the conference | stage of the tariff bill consideration a { measure which more nearly comported with the recommendations of the President for a “limited revision” of the tariff, with aid especially for farm products and those industries which | have been hard hit by the importations of foreign goods in recent years, would emerge. Judging from the action of the conferees and also of the House itself, such a bill is now being shaped for submission to Mr. Hoover, It is true that the duties on lumber, silver and several other items, acted upon by the House, must again go back to con- ference. But the House has settled definitely the sugar duty in accepting the Senate rate. Furthermore, the | Senate has been given due notice that | the House does not propose to agree to duties on lumber and shingles, for ex- ample, nor on silver. — e Change the Left Turn! If Commissioner Crosby is willing, as he stated in an interview yesterday, to | take the advice of experts in regard to | fundsmentals of tfaffic control, Wash- ington will soon be rid of the left-hand turn for automobiles that has made it the laughing stock of the country. | For in 1926 the greatest body of ex- | ever gathered together — the Hoover Conference on Street and High- i inside left turn, directly contrary to the rotary turn used at present in the Na- tional Capital, and again indorsed it a few months ago in a private poll con- ducted by The Star. Besides this over- whelming sentiment against the rotary turn and for the fundamentally sound inside turn, every large city in the United States, with the single exeep- | tion of Cleveland, uses what is com- The imposition of the rotary turn on helpless Washington by the traffic of- | | committee's recommendations for an | increase in the lump sum are upheld by the Senate and, later, by the con- ferees. The District's surplus at the end of | this fiscal year will amount to 87.179,-|‘ 666. Deducting the $3,000,000 needed for the District's cash operating fund there is left a surplus of $4,179,666. This money was accumulated by reason of the Budget Bureau's former policy— wisely changed this year—of requiring | the Commissioners to keep their esti-| mates below an arbitrarily fixed maxi- mum, regardless of revenue availability. Thus the surplus, representing the re- sult of careful parings on needed local projects, has been dumped, for the most part, into financing the semi-national Municipal Center. What remains of it ‘will probably be exhausted, or nearly ex- hausted, by the desirable increase in pay for firemen and policemen. If it had not been for the surplus the tax rate for 1931 would be nearer $2 than $1.70. Mr. Donovan points out that there is small| chance of the budget in 1932 being le&s‘\ than the budget for 1931, Unless the Jump sum is increased, the tax rate will| probably have to be increased for 1932. | In considering the 1929 bill Repre-| wentative Simmons suggested that the District's cash operating fund, used to! enable the District to meet its bills pending the receipt of tax revenues, should be $4,000,000 instead of $3,000,000. If that is so, the action of the House this year has prevented it, for the cash | fund remains $3,000,000. As a matter | of fact, the imposition upon the Dis-| trict of the necessity for raising and maintaining from year to year this bal- ance of three or four million dollars is another indication of inconsistent and unfair treatment of local taxpayers. Congress ordered the District to accu-) mulate this cash balance as a part and | parcel accompaniment of the 60-40 sys- tem of appropriating. Two years later | it evaded its own part of the bargain. | but the District has been forced to raise and to carry this sum of idle money for the sake of a bookkeeping transaction that is of .doubtful prac- tical necessity. | The Senate should increase the lump sum as recommended by its appropria- | nizable one because of the unwieldiness |no uniformity even in the use of its fice has been its major blunder, and it is refreshing indeed to learn that the new Commissioner stands ready and anxious to correct it, if convinced that it is out of harmony with country-wide opinion on this vitally important sub- ject. If the only indictment of the ro- tary turn were that it placed the Na- tional Capital in the anomalous position ! of slurring the need for traffic uniform- ity in a city that above all should be in step with the progressive traffic prac- tices of the rest of the United States, on account of the great number of mo- torists who annually visit it, it would be enough, but there are so many counts against it that it is difficult to understand why any city should " tol- erate it for a moment. The rotary turn is fundamentally un- sound from a traffic movement stand- point because it turns motorists across the line of cars coming from their rear. It slows down and congests all traffic, which is directly opposed to all correct theories of avoiding congestion and keeping traffic moving with due regard to safety. It promotes bad driving habits and is dangerous in the extreme because it places turning cars, which have just begun to move, in the path of speeding motorists who are try- ing to beat lights or policemen’s signals. Where traffic officers are stationed it makes mandatory the weaving from one lane of travel to another because the motorist can never tell until he reaches the intersection whether a po- liceman is on duty. When two or more cars are waiting to complete a left- hand wurn it almost invariably prevents others from making the innocuous right- hand turn. At corners where there is heavy bus traffic there is neither a ro- tary turn nor any other recog- of the big vehicles. At these points it is a mongrel turn that is the product only of a traffic nightmare. And, last- ly, the traffic office itself demonstrates pet scheme. With policemen or lights the rotary turn is supposed to be in effect and at all other points the motor- | ist is supposed to use the jnside or | Hoover turn. In agtual practice, how- | ever, at certain points, with policemen |or lights the Hoover turn is used to tions committee and fight to maintain its decision in conference, to the end of preventing the placing of another burden on the shoulders of the silent partner in Capital financing. — st America’s political system has its ob- | In Eurcpe a dictator | vious advantages. becomes permanent. In the United States one election sooner or later proves sufficient to get rid of a political boss. ——o——. Followers of Gandhi are leaving him, deciding, evidently, that he is not prov- ing worth his salt. ——— Lowering the Rates. ‘The House yesterday definitely deter- mined to adopt the lower sugar duties of the tariff bill as it passed the Sen- | ate. The Senate rate is higher than the rate in existing law, but it marks a compromise between the rate original- ly put through the House and the law | as it stands. Under the parliamentary rules which govern, the House was com- pelled to accept the Senate duty or ad- here to the original House duty on sugar, or accept a rate of duty some- ‘where between the rates fixed by the two houses. It could not return to the rate of existing law. The disposition of the House, however, apparently has changed markedlv since the tariff bill was originally before that body, a year ago. With a congressional election in the offing. it is apparent that members of the House have been impressed with the attagks which have been leveled against higher tariff duties. Sugar was not the only item on which the House yesterday voted for lower rates. The House voted to restore lumber, shingles, logs and'silver to the free list. ‘The lower tariff forces in the House succeeding | mine the existing order on these “cap- however, had | italistic” shores. been made in the past that the House| The most arresting fact revealed by gathered strength with votes. The prediction, avoid congestion, while at unregulated | intersections the befuddled motorist, | hopelessly confused by being taught bad | driving habits, will use the outside turn to the imminent danger of himself and all others within range. And despite the fact that the regulations state clear- ly that the inside turn is to be used {at unregulated intersections not a sin- gle arrest has ever been noted for this dangerous breach of common sense. Commissioner Crosby has already demonstrated by his summary order to change the timing of lights at the vari- ous circles that he intends to be un- hampered in traffic regulation. He can do no greater service for the motor- ists of the city and for the thousands of out-of-town visiting motorists than to do away, once for all, with a traffic condition that fosters nothing but dan- | ger, confusion and congestion. ———. Mayor Walker of New York is com- pelled to take a rest. To meet official | responsibllity and at the same time | maintain perpetual popularity means hard work. e Moscow’s Red Hand. Until their authenticity is clearly dis- provad, the documents just brought to light by Police Commissioner Whalen m New York, respecting Soviet-directed Communist activities in this country, must be regarded as disclosures of grave importance. “Official denials” by Mos- cow's American agents will hardly be accepted as prima facie evidence that the papers are “forgeries” devised by “disgruntled Russian emigres.” It could not be expected that Soviet spokesmen here would acknowledge the genuine- ness of evidence categorically incrimi- nating the Communist International in riots, strikes and other plots to under- THE EVENIN Trading Corporation, official purchasing agent for the Soviet Union in the United States. A letter on Amtorg sta- tionery and signed by one of its offi- cials lists thirty persons said to have been sent here as Soviet agents and “who would be hard to replace. Among the indispensables named are Peter A. Bogdanov, recently elected chairman of Amtorg, and Boris E. Skvirsky, director of the Soviet informa- tion bureau at Washington. Another document on its face is a mandate from Moscow ordering G. Grafpen, the Amtorg functionary whose signature is attached to the Bogdanov- Skvirsky letter, to take general charge of the Soviet “secret criminal police” in Skvirsky, the document alleges, would finance operations, and Bogdanov would advise on business mat- ters. Amtorg in New York corresponds to “Arcos” in London, the Soviet trading agency in Great Britain. Six years ago, shortly after the first Labor government had established diplomatic relations with Moscow, Arcos House, in the heart of the “City” of London, was raided and found to be the center not only of Soviet commercial activities, but the headquarters from which Russian Com- munist machinations throughout the British Isles were being secretly directed. ‘The Arcos raid speedily led to the breaking off of the short-lived official agreement between London and Mos- cow. The present Labor government re- established relations last Winter, but on the definite understanding that Red propaganda in the British Empire must cease. The Amtorg chairman in New York demands a thorough investigation of Mr. Whalen’s damning dossier. He protests, as apparent proof of the Soviet trading concern’s innocence, that in 1929 it did $150,000,000 worth of business with American firms. When Moscow three or four years ago Te- sumed its increasing desire for Ameri- can diplomatfc recognition, and its friends here were harping on the benefits which would accrue to Ameri- can business, President Coolidge rebuked the suggestion in becoming terms. He said, in effect, that we are not disposed to barter American ideals for Russian trade—that the United States could not consider licensing subversive propa- ganda within its territory in exchange | for Red gold paid to a limited number of American exporting companies. Four administrations in succession— those of Wilson, Harding, Coolidge and Hoover—have consistently declined diplomatic dealings with Soviet Russia. The rock on which Moscow's craving for our friendship has always gone to smash is its unwillingness to pledge abondonment of the Communist In- ternational’s crusade for “world revo- lution.” Ample evidence exists that this crusade is incessant, intensive and im- pudent. Governments in Europe which were persuaded to take Moscow on trust have had constantly recurring cause to rue the confidence they reposed in So- viet assurances. ‘The American people will be disposed, in light of developments at New York, to rejoice afresh that their Government remains resolutely opposed to official traffic with Soviet Russia, however valu- able our traders may find it to do busi- ness with Moscow. ————— The British embassy will not under- take to follow any dinner programs that will sanction a departure from old cus- tom, such as might imply inclination to favor either side in a wet and dry de- bate. The dry advocate will, of course, be permitted to feel no embarrassment when He turns down his glass. ———— There have been many profound 'stu- dents of the tariff, but none more dis- tinguished for knowledge of its practical possibilities than Senator Grundy of Pennsylvania. — Efforts are being made to require a purchaser of a pistol to wait forty-eight hours before the weapon is delivered. The man who rushes to buy a gun should be given at least two days to think the matter over. ———rvtr In campaigning it is permissible for rich candidates to pledge their lives and sacred honor but not their fortunes. o SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. Fickle Plea. Maytime smilin® Underneath the moon. Breeze beguilin’ Starts & change of tune. “Cold wave, leave us!” That's what we would say. “Don’t deceive us— Journey on your way!” Maytime singin® ‘When the sky is warm— Wish comes clingin’ For a thunderstorm! “Cold wave, find us Once again,” we say— “And remind us Of a good, old Winter day.” Divided Opinion. “You are supposed to know some- thing about everything.” “By my friends,” answered Senator Sorghum. “By my enemies I am sup- posed to know nothing about anything.” Jud Tunkins says the worst thing about a confidence man is the number of people who get acquainted with his tricks and try to get .even. Offhand Selection. When politicians rail anew, Too oft the voter gives a glance And says to one, “I'll favor you, Since I'm compelled to take a chance.” Tllumination. “Do you still keep a light in the win- dow for your wandering boy?” “What's the use?” answered Farmer Corntossel. “Josh has took up aviation and wouldn't pay attention to anything less than an airfield beacon.” “Envy,” sald Hi Ho, the sage of China- town, “is something to be achieved. Theye can be no success without it.” Information From the Air. My Radio! My Radio! You tell in music sweet How my opinions ought to go And what to wear and eat. would not stand for the lumber duties!the Whalen documents is the connec- impoeed in the Senate bill\and that, in tion they purport to establish between the end, the lower rate mi sugar, pro- Communist activities and the Amtoig “Be kind to animals,” said Uncle Eben. “Take care of yoh old mule 'sted o' wastin’ de price qf his feed bettin® on a hendsome sace jhoss.” D. C, SATURDAY THIS AND THAT BY CHARLES E. TRACEWELL. So much has been said about law dis- obedience that it may be profitable to consider law obedience. One of the most striking of these manifestations is the way motorists stop and start at traffic lights and signs in the early morning, when there is no one around to see whether they do or do not. It is encouraging to take an early- morning ride just to watch them obey the edicts of official command. Surely they do not have to do it. There is no one to check up on them. Yet they will solemnly halt at the light and wait the appointed time, at the command of invisible powers, the will of themselves, the people. It is encouraging, to say the least. R Paris is said to have the most docile residents in this respect. Their veneration for authority, as seen in uniforms and as read in signs and other forms of official command, is de- clared to be unequaled in the world. This is all the more curious, since these same Parisians have a lengthy record for turbulence. The ancestors of these sign-obeyers overturned the Bastille and joined in the Commune. They staged street riots many a time, even upon occasions of reverence. Today their sons and grandsons bow low before the brass buttons of the gendarme or other insignia of au- thority. e i Yet these Parisians act little differ- ently from Washingtonians or the resi- dents of other cities, where close living demands certain rules and their ob- servance. It was the great Napoleon who once said, “I would rather be wild and live in a woods than in & community with- out law.” The likes of one man clash against the likes of another. These are aug- mented by the battle of like against dislike. These mixtures are compli- cated by a thousand different ideals and a million different thoughts. Uniformity of action, as manifested in rules and regulations, is necessary if the muddle of living is to be anything except a rout. e City people, as a rule, accept without question and obey the injunctions in the parks, “Keep Off the Grass.” It is seldom that one sees even boys cutting across such plots of ground. Out at the Zoo the command to re- frain from feeding foods to certain ani- mals is more generally obeyed than one might imagine, since this is about the only way that the spectator has of coming into any real contact with the creatures. Every one loves to feed animals. at least upon occasion. A small boy may not care for the steady day-in-and- day-out job of giving Fido his supper, but he loves to feed peanuts to the nionkeys at the Zoo. It takes, therefore, considerable will power and, above all, genuine respect for authority for spectators to resist the lure of so natural an action. _ Yet somehiow most of them do resist it, and it is respect for constituted law which does the trick. * % ok ok It is the fashion today in some quar- ters to sneer at the sanctity of the law, and to regard the sneerers as clever, as if all good and fine things had not been laughed at by certain t. of human beings since life began. Laws and regulations are, after all, only the people trying to protect them- selves from themselves, or from certain traits and deeds which any man recog- nizes as inimical to the higher good, in his saner moments. It should be pointed out that few men and women are precisely sane all the time. Even the most rational have moments of aberration. As the Quaker | gentleman said to his wife, “Every one is just a little queer but me and thee, and even thee art just a little queer.” Ak Schools might profitably teach chil- dren the real meaning of laws, their history, what they stand for, what they attempt to do, and why human nature is such that it demands them. We are aware that the subjects of ethics and civics, so called, attempt to do precisely thess things, but we submit that they fail miserably, in that they make the entire teachings theoretical instead "of practical. ‘The time has come for a firm division of subjects, to divorce those which are practical from those which are theo- retical, and where they are both prac- tical and theoretical to teach one side of each at a time, instead of mixing them all up so that the average student has no real idea of what he is trying to do in his studies. And, worse, stu- dents are all too young, anyway. The reasons for laws, and the beauty of laws, their place in living groups of human beings, and the normal observ- ance of them, with celebrated cases, would do much to prevent the false, flippant impression which too many persons have today of these matters, * K kK ‘The trouble with this generation, as we see it, is that it is the victim of too easy iiving. It has not cut down forests and made its awn houses out of the logs. It buys a speculative-built house and calls it quits. It has not hewn a railroad out of a wilderness, but when it wants to go traveling it does so without once get- ting its feet wet. It has not toiled, in a sense, neither has it spun, in another, but a whole battery of Solomons were not arrayed L!:) the glory of the most arrogant office y. L How can such people be expected to have any respect for law? Law has dignity, they have none. Law requires brains, they have—well, if this be treason to one’s fellow men, make the most of it. ‘The law is just, according to its ideal, miserably unjust too often, in actual practice, but its sanctity is neverthe- less sure, because it represents immu- table principle in action. Its aim is justice, and so great an aim cannot be defeated, in the long run. At various times and in various places, subterfuge, ignorance, caprice, crookedness of mind and spirit may seem to win the day. But justice at last will come out tri- umphant, although it may take cen- turies. And this meed of justice will not be my idea, or your idea, but the common property of every honest mapn. Look around and consider law obedi: ence; it is the hopeful sign in the wilderness of disobedience. Spirited Warfare Develops Over Federal Canal Scheme While the House of Representatives has voted for the rivers and harbors bill, which provides for acceptance of al in New York State, the battle over canals continues in printed com- ments Chief opponents of the New York canal are those who fear that it will interfere. with the completion of the St. Lawrence waterway plans. There are some differences of opinion. however, among those not direct] affected on account of expenditures re- quired. “Whatever may be said against the St. Lawrence project,” in the judgment of the Worcester Evening Gazette, “this plan for an all-American ship canal seems to be economically unsound. | Whether the proposed transfer of the New York canal system is really an attempt to clear the way for the all- American scheme or is merely a desire | to ease the burden of the New York taxpayers, -there appears to be no Justification for the Government's tak- ing over a canal which has cost more than it is worth.” L “The Lake States know,” according | to the Duluth Herald, “that the Erie Canal route is inadequate, will be terrifically expensive and will serve no good purpose. They know, too, that the term ‘all-American’ is hypocritical, because even if this route were used— and it wouldn't be—the cargo using it would cross the international boundary many times and would have to go through the all-Canadian Welland Canal.” “It is almost Impossible to realize,” according to the Flint Daily Journal, “that the bill passed the House with- out further objection to such a project, but apparently the Representatives plan to leave the wrangling over the ‘white elephant’ canal system to the Senate.” On this phase of the matter the New Orleans Times-Picayune remarks: “Whether the elder statesmen will re- open the fight on the New York barge canal project and undertake to make over the measure in other respects re- mains to be seen. The tariff hangove: probably wlil delay Senate action on this other business, but because of the latter’s importance and urgent need there is every reason to expect that Congress will not adjourn its present session until the rivers and harbors bill is enacted.” L On the financial questions involved the Chicago Daily News offers the com- ment: “Illinois and New York have evinced their willingness to transfer to the Federal Government waterways built by them at the cost of many mil- lion dollars. That foreshadows the trend of future policy. What the Fed- eral Government will do with particular channels it acquires, whether it will use them as feeders or decgen and develop them, will depend on facts and factors not now fully operative.” It is pointed out by the Albany Eve- ning News that “60 per cent of the American population is tributary to the New York waterway route,” and that “the United States gets a waterway without cost, a waterway on which New York has expended millions of dollars.” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle argues that “it is significant that the Merchant Marine Conference, represented by some 300 leaders of the shipping in- terest, has adopted a resolution in favor of the project, which will cost the United States Treasury about $30,000.- 000 before it is completed.” The Eagle believes that “an all-American route to many Americans is preferable.” * % ok K “The proponents of the St. Lawrence shipway plan,” as viewed. by the Buffalo Evening s, centered fire on the pro- posal as inimical to the international project; yet they were able to muster only 59 votes against the transfer of the New York waterways. The number for it was 148, Of course, this vote is not to be accepted as representing the full strength of those who favor the St. Lawrence enterprise in the House. The rivers and harbors bill is essentially a log-rolling measure; it is loaded down with projects of local character. But, making all allowances, the vote against the rival provision was surprisingly small.” “The purpose of giving the New York ways o the I'zderal Government,” thinks the Chicago Daily Tribune, “would be to develop and operate them as carriers from the lakes to the East- 1 | ern markets, with export faciliti glrlfidlctlon over the Erie-Oswego Barge | g es such as will be provided at the outlet of the Illinois-Mississippi waterway. New Eng- land and New York are large importers and consumers of grain, and a water rate to these markets can be more profitable to Western growers than a dubious ex- port trade by way of the projected St. Lawrence way, which has Canadian factions against it.” * ok ok ok Considering the possibility that the | New York barge canal plan is success- | ful, the Detroit Free Press warns: “If that leads to the development of the St. Lawrence waterway as an all-Cana- dian route, we shall be left with a barge canal, while Canada will be in posses- sion of a deep waterway permitting ocean vessels to reach her inland ports, which will be available to America shipping only by her courtesy. would be too high a price to pay,” con- | tinues the Free Press, “for easing the taxpayers of New York of the load ‘Clinton’s ditch’ shouldered upon them |more than a century ago, and from under which they have ever since been trying to escape.” The Beloit Daily News declares that “it is questionable whether New York and Chicago will be the gainers in the long run by pool- ing theyr own selfish metropolitan con- siderations against the urgent needs of the vast midland producing area.” “Taking over that white elephant and ‘!udd“ng it on the Nation,” maintains ]Lhe Columbus Ohio State Journal, “js |the worst display of unthinking poli- | tics the House has supplied during the session. The bill should be revised and fumigated.” The Toledo Blade sees “another official vote of approval and confidence for the Santa Claus theory of government.” “This raid on the Treasury” is viewed by the Milwaukee Journal as against the interests of the Midwest. The St. Paul Ploneer Press calls it “the rich- est and ripest piece of pork in the his- tory of Treasury raiding.” The Kala- mazoo Gazette condemns the action as “an effort to defeat the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence waterway movement.” .- Coach Gordon of Avalon Proves Sportsmanship From the Portland (Oreg.) Journal. He is only a basket ball coach. But he is a great soul. His team at Avalon, Pa., and the Se- wickley quintet were struggling for mastery in a crucial interhigh school game. ‘There was a great crowd of spec- tators and feeling ran high. The score stood 31 to 31 at the end of the last half. The referee ordered an extra period. At its conclusion the score was still 31-31. Another extra period was started with players on both teams at the point of exhaustion. The sub- stitutes of the Sewickley five were out of the game. Then one of the Sewickley team had to be helped to the bench. There was nobody to put in. The Se- wickley team had to go on with four | players or forfeit the game. Another period was begun, one team with five, the other with only four men. |~ Then out in the middle of the arena | appeared Coach Gordon of the Avalon | team. _ Victory for him was almost cer- | tain, with five men to the visitors’ four, | But be was more than a basket ball coach. He was a true sportsman. “May | I take one of my men out?” he shouted | to the referee. “I don’t want to beat a four-man team.” 22 The referee consented. The left guard of Gordon's team was sent to the bench. The spectators booed and howled and protested, but the game went on. Now it was four men against four and within two minutes Sewickley looped a two-pointer and won the game. What's & victory in the score com- ‘gnred with the victory of Gordon as a | hero of athletics, as & moral example to every coach in every sport, as a great instructor and noble soul, for players on every field to emulate? ——— So We Hear. From the Butte Daily Post. The piano, they say, is fighting for its life. Sounds };om the Tingside indi- cate that the next door is alrcady | BrOB8Y. That | MAY 193 THE LIBRARY TABLE ‘The romance of the historic section of country on whose edge lies Washing- ton is made very vivid by Paul Wilstach in his “Tidewater Virginia.” “A great triangle of tides and brine” is what he calls the Tidewater section, “all that territory of Virginia contiguous to the Chesapeake Bay.” Familiar as most of us are with the geography of nearby Virginia, we may find our knowledge clarified by the forceful descriptions of Mr. Wilstach. He makes Virginia ap- pear before us pictorially when he says: “The outline of the State is roughly an irregular triangle. The right or eastern side of this triangle is Tidewater. The left or western side is the vast section known as the Mountains, where the Blue Ridge and Appalachians, with their great valley between and with their supporting foot-hills, roll diagonal- ly, from northern summits which look across Maryland at its narrowest into Pennsylvania, southwestward to a far corner where they taper to a vanish- ing wedge between Kentucky and Ten- nessee. Subdivisions of this major sec- tion are familiarly known as the Pied- mont and the Valley. The base or southern stretch of Virginia is known as South ‘Side, and this includes all those rolling lands across which the | freshwater rivers tumble in their jour- nels from the mountains down to the calm flat tidal plain.” Four large, his- toric rivers, all tidal, drain the Tide- water—the James, the York, the Rap- pahannock and the Potomac. In three of them the tides end at falls, where, at the head of navigation, cities sprang up in Colonial days—Richmond at the falls of the James, Fredericksburg at the falls of the Ragpshlnnvck. and Washington (or its oldest part, George- town) at the falls of the Potomac. These rivers, Mr. Wilstach says, “actually run over and into the land” and “are really estuaries of the bay. ‘They are brackish, when they are not downright * '+ ¢ If the fresh sources of any one of them, or of &ll of them, were to dry up, these ‘rivers’ would remain, for they are fed less by the mountain sheds than by tidal pres- sure from the ocean. They are an in tegral part of the Chesapeake, actualiy they are a part of the Atlantic Ocean. okl % Capt. John Smith, on one of his trips of exploration in the Tidewater, went up the Potomac as far as Great Falls, according to Mr. Wilstach. As Columbus was seeking & passage to the Indies when he discovered America, so Capt. John Smith hoped to find a route to the “Western Sea” when he sailed up ‘Chesapeake Bay and explored its tidal rivers. In the Spring of 1608 he “set out on what was the first thorough exploration of the bay and Tidewater.” He was accompanied by 14 men and they went in an open boat. They dropped down to Cape Henry and crossed the bay to the Eastern Shore. Farther up the bay they crossed to the western side and there rested and mended their torn sails with their shirts and searched for food. The other men wished to give up the expedition, but Smith declared, “There is as much danger to returne as to proceede.” En- couraged by Smith's advice, they soon entered the mouth of the Potomac, and after sailing up the river for about 30 miles met an unpleasant surprise in the shape of a band of Powhatan’s savages. After exchanges of volleys of arrows and bullets a truce was arranged and Smith's party “went as far up-river | in his barge as was possible, where he found ‘mighty Rocks, growing in some places above the ground as high as the shrubby trees’ which would in- dicate that they had reached the end of this water they conceived to be end- less in the rocky narrows above the present city of Washington.” e Wk ‘The true story of a pioneer told by one of his descendants is “Simon Ken- ton: His Life and Period,” by Edna Kenton. Kenton shared with Daniel | Boone ‘and George Rogers Clark the carly settlement of Kentucky. He was perhaps the least famous of the three, | but had many daring exploits to his | credit. He several times barely es- | caped the stake when captured by the | Indians and suffered many tortures. | He was a spy for Clark, helped to feed the imprisoned settlers at Harrodsburg | by secret expeditions from the besieged | fort, was a scout for Mad Anthony | Wayne, helped to_ settle Springfield, | Ohio; scouted for Harrison in the War of 1812, but always preserved his char- | acter of a free lance. This book covers | historieally the same period as that of | Elizabeth Madox Roberts’ recent novel, “The Great Meadow.” o o “Edison may be the last of the great heroes of invention,” says Waldemar Kaempffert, director of the Museum of Science and Industry at Chicago, in is reading course, “Invention and So- ciety,” just published by the American Library Association, in its “Reading ‘With a Purpose” series. Groups work- ing in industrial laboratories are viewed by Mr. Kaempflert as the successors of the so-called “wizards” of the past. He points out that the individual inventor of the future may be unable to compete with such groups: who have at their disposal splendidly equipped labora- tories, time and money, and who may work for several years before producing noteworthy results. That this will mean more, rather than fewer, inventions is Mr. Kaempffert's prediction, as he de- clares that “group invention has tele- scoped time. In the industrial labora- tory problems are solved that hopelessly baffie the lone heroic inventor.” his course, which relates invention to historical and social development, Mr. Kaempffert reccmmends for further reading books which expand these ideas, as well as discuss the lives of great inventors, their eccentricities, their |ch1c\'cment.; Il'*l‘d their rewards. * * In “Miss Welby at Steen” Archibald Marshall has written a journal of life on an English estate, as seen through the eyes of a rather remarkable young governess. The estate is one which was evidently not badly impoverished by the World War, if one is to judge by the delicate and claborate menus served at tea and dinner. Miss Welby, coming to Steen from a private school in a provincial town, is obliged to ask the butler to curtail the dinner brought to her each night in the school room, but she has soon so endeared herself to Col. Bastian and Lady Isabelle that she is dining downstairs with —the family and, presumably, eating all the courses as they come. Her popularity with Lady Isabelle wanes somewhat when she interferes with the plans which she accidentally overhears, but she is restored to double favor and affection when, temporary madness over, Lady Isabelle admits that she has been altogether right. * ok ok K Gandhi keeps himself so much in the headlines that books about him are at present always “timely.” A recent one is “Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas: In- cluding Selections From His Writings," by C. F. Andrews. The fundamental belief of Gandhi is that all life is con- trolled by spiritual law. Interpreta- tions of such a belief may be varied and contradictory. Gandhi's interpre- tation il'Acludcsd 'mlm\tent p’rgnlgnndl. rimages and passive resistance are nP:xI\%n?h?a methods. Mohandas Gandhi belongs nelther to the princely nor the priestly caste of India and has waged brutality toward the “Untouch- e e s, however, a _devoted Hindu. He studied law in England and practiced it in South Africa, where Mr. Andrews, his sympathetic biographer, knew him. RIS Sarah Gittings, nurse in the family of Miss Elizabeth Jane Bell, suddenly disappears. She goes out in the eve- ning, with the two dogs, and fails to return. Such is the beginning of Mary Roberts Rinehart's new mystery story. “The Door.” _Of course Sarah has been murdered. She h‘u Mmuj‘:‘;fl. :':) lfi; nocuous and useful person for her murder is hard to find. All ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS BY FREDERIC J. HASKIN, Any reader can get the answer to any quemyon by writing to our Information Bureau in Washington, D. C. This offer applies strictly to information. The bureau cannot give advice on_legal. medical and financial matters. It does not attempt to settle domestic troubles, nor undertake exhaustive research on any subject. Write your question plain- ly ‘and briefly. Give full name and ad- dyrns and inclose 2 cents in coin or stamps for return postage. The reply is sent direct to_the inquirer. Address The Evening Star Information Bureau, Fred- eric J. Haskin, director, Washington, D..C. . What airplanes have to obey the ail’Q traffic rulc:p of the Department of ?—R. 8. e i vand commercial aircrat, licensed or unlicensed, must conform to these rules at all times, whether flown privately or engaged in interstate or in- trastate commerce. Q. On what wave length and meter do European radio stations operate?— B A. The Federal Radio Commission says European radio stations operate on a band of 550 to 1,500 kilocycles and 545 to 200 meters. This is the same power as we use in this country. In addition to this they operate on a long wave length band of 160 to 536 kilo- cycles or 875 to 560 meters. . How was J. R. McCarl made controller general? Is he eligible for reappointment?—A. E. D. . The office of the controller gen- eral was created by an act of Congress, July 1, 1921, Mr. McCarl was appointed to the office by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate for 15 years at a salary of $12,000 a year. He is not eligible for another appointment as controller general. Q. Does it ever rain all over the United States at the same time?— J. H. G, Warfare against Brahman oppression | supposedly licensed and qualified odon- A. . This is sald to occur occasionally and to have occurred on January 14 of this year, when the only places in the United States where rain did not fall were the Florida peninsula, a narrow belt along the Mexican border, and small areas just off the coast of New England and Puget Sound. Q. When was modern Italian first spoken?—P. M. A. The modern Italian language is developed from the Latin. The earliest definite traces of Italian speech may be found in a document of Monte Cas- sino, dated 960. Tucan, and especially Florentine, has been the classical liter- ary language almost from the beginning of the national literature. During the first half of the thirteenth century the mass of lyrical poetry was produced by the Sicilian school at Palermo at the court of the Emperor Frederick II. In the second half of the century the seat of lyrical poetry was transferred to Tus- cany. guage, however, is founded on the Flor- entine dialect, which was the language of Dante. Q. Who offered the resolution that resulted in the writing of the Declara~ tion of Independence?—J. M. O. A. On June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee of Virginia offered in Congress a resolution quoting that “these united colonies are, and of a right, ought to be free and independent states.” The resolution was adopted July 2, 1776. Thomas Jefferson, also of Virginia, then drew up the Declaration of Independ- ence, which was adopted. Q. Does a camel carry its reserve water supply in its stomach?—E. F. K. A. According to Pycraft, an English authority, a camel carries water in The modern Italian literary lan- | F. the stomach which are closed, as sogn as they are filled, by the oomncuog | ring-shaped fibers that surround openings, Q. In the days of Caesar Aungs. were the feet of a person crucified | always nailed to the cross?—H. E. b They were, instead, often tit ‘the Cross. | Q Has any one ever proposed thht | 1abor be paid by the year instead of by the hour, day, or week?—W. G, : : E e small cells or chambers in the walls tt ~ A. " Senator Couzens of Michig cently referred to such an idea when said: “If every industry were to pay men by the year instead of by the hour & or day, industry would find a way stabilize its production so that it its money’s worth.” —_— 3 Q. How many Bibles were sold lgst year?—B. §. W. A. About 14,000,000 copies of Bl and Testaments were sold in this cou- try in 1929. and the total for the wi is estimated at 36,500,000 | Q. _How long did Frau Wagner suf- vive Richard Wagner and how old she at her death?—K. J. | A Frau Cosima Wagner survived | Richard Wagner 47 years and was 92 | years old when she died on April 1 last. Is it true that there is a chemieal is_worth $12,000,000 an ounce?— R, that Y. T. R. A. The statement has been made that barfum is worth that, but not because of its scarcity or value—because of the work it does. Barium is a chemical element that is used to coat the filament of vacuum tubes with a saving of $400,000 per gram of barfum used. At this rate an ounce would be | worth $12,000,000. Q. Why are parts of the River Nile called the Blue Nile and the White Nile?—M. L. A. The white and blue branches of the Nile are so named from the color of the water. The Blue Nile is usually a clear blue. The White Nile is a light greenish gray. At the confluence at Khartum in the Sudan it is ible to see the two colors clearly def as the two streams meet. Q. What are the most important fac- tors in sanitation?—P. M. A. The four cardinal factors are safe water supply, sanitary control of food products, control of communicable dis= eases and sanitary control and dispost= tion of human and animal wastes. > % Where do waterspouts occur?— "A. They occur most frequently over the warm seas of the Tropics, but they are not, confined to the warmer tropieal seasons or even to low latitudes. Q. Who was the first outstanding ma}}tnlz painter in this country?— A. Winslow Homer was the first to be generally acclaimed, and many crit- ics regard him as the best of the Amer- ican marine painters. Q. Why is the stage referred to as the legitimate stage?—E. H. R. .A. It is called in the sense of its being l'lo'rmdlliungduhdr. cunlolgnilnbl;mlo a recognizes ndard type. Or; ly the legitimate dram: w;l?elhnl« body of plays, Shakespearean or other, that hn\:tt\ recognized theatrical and literary merit. Q. What is anchor ice?—M. G. C. A. It is ice formed on the bottom of rivers and streams adhering to stones, rocks or other debris. It occurs where the current is too swift for surface ice to form. High]ights on the Wide World Excerpts From Newspapers of Other Lands ANCHESTER GUARDIAN.— The Duke of Rutland was summoned at the Marlborough Street Police Court, London, recently for an unnecessary use of his motor horn in Piccadilly. He pleaded not guilty. Police Constable Smith said the de- fendant in his car, which was station- ary, was making a great noise with his horn. He pointed out the offense to the defendant, who said, “I have been held up here too long.” After the witness had finished taking the particulars the de- fendant sounded his horn again, which was quite unnecessary, and drove off. ‘The duke said he was afraid he must disagree with the officer’s last observa- tion. He claimed that the officer was extraordinarily discourtéous in the way in which he addressed him. Mr. Drum- mett put this to the officer, who replied: “No, your worship. I did not know his title until I saw his license. He was very agitated and banged on the side of his car. He was in a temper.” ‘The duke—*"I sounded my horn twice, and he came up to me and addressed me in a very discourteous way.” Constable Smith—*“May I ask a ques- tion, your worship?” Mr, Drummett—“No.” (To the duke:) “Are you challenging the facts?” ‘The duke—“No, I don't want to make a fuss about that. I thought it would be a good thing, perhaps, to mention the officer’s discourtesy. Mr. Drummett—"Fined 10 shillings.” The duke—"Very good.” * K X x May-Bathe Early Free of Charge. Imparcial, Montevideo—In accord- ance with the latest ruling of the Board of Public Recreation, all the bath houses of the city and all the bathing beaches will be open to the public free of charge up to 8 o'clock in the morning. _After that hour the usual charges will be made. This will enable even the most im- pecunious to take advantage 6f a swim or bath, priceless refreshment in_these intensely hot days. As these bathing places, either in salt or fresh water, are situated in practically all zones of the city, the privileges will be convenient for all. * ok K K Women Never Cease Discussing Servants. El Telegrafo, Guayaquil.—Kings have lost their thrones, Chinamen their queues, many nations even their names, but women have not been able to de- sist from their habit of speaking badly of their servants. Women never tire of talking of the impositions of this tribe. They talk about them almost to the exclusion of all other subjects in their clubs, in their cars, in the stores, and in the churches. It scems that domestic servants the world over are demanding more privilege, becoming more independent and indifferent, and. woeful paradox, both less competent and more needed! A e Dentist Practices Without License. A B C, Madrid —A patient who, for the space of three days, was the object of dental treatment at the hands of a tologist (dentist), despite which atten- tion the condition of his teeth became worse, and caused him more pain, re- ported the circumstances to the police at Valencia. This complaint resulted in an investigation which showed that the practitioner was not a graduate in dental science, and that his serv- ices had been extended contrary to the provisions of the law. W W Leave Native Lands to Display Skill. La Nacion, Buenos Aires—It was with extreme astonishment the Spanish and other foreign people received the information that a North American bull- | the Bell family connection is brought into the investigation, which in the end, again_of course, unearths the criminal. The story is told fighter had been developed. It was not However, one Yankee has done so, Syd- ney Franklin of Brooklyn, who has given exhibitions of his skill in the arena at Seville, and his performances - voked an enthusiasm and commenda- tion as fervid as that excited by native artists, whose profieiency is in their very blood. But now a still more extraordi- nary phenomenon has arisen—an Ar- gentine bullfighter, Antonio Lafarque, who has given amazing exhibitions of agility and courage in the rings at Valencia and Valladolid. Like the fir::;fl'c;n. he !::d hl.? dlu::fl his native exerc; lexterity in this sanguinary science. Y ] Salesmanship Needed For Muscle Shoals " From the Chicago Daily News. | _ The Senate a second time has passed the Norris bill for Government opera- tion of Muscle Shoals. Previously the bull failed by reason of President Cool- idge's pocket veto. The House has still to pass upon the revised measure. Normally Americans are skeptical of expensive and unnecessary experiments | In governmental undertakings in busi. ness on a large scale. Many have hoped that Muscle Shoals would be leased advantageously to a competent private concern. Failure of private concerns to submit a satisfactory bid, together with disclosures of improper lobbying activities conducted by rep- Tesentatives of private bidders, has im- proved the chances of the renewed Nor- ris proposal. Residents of the South | complain that under the present terminable lease to a power company | only one-fourth of the available power at the Wilson dam is used, and that on terms none too profitable to the Government. On the other hand, offers by other interesis have been ridiculously inadequate. It is not creditable that valuable na- | tional resources should lie dormant, | For potentially Muscle Shoals means not only water power in Alabama, but fertilizer on Illinois acres and crank cases and automobile bodies for Amer- ican use, and aluminum parts in aire planes taking off from American air- ports. Muscle Shoals potentially offers electric energy developed from a dis- charge of 1,000,000 cubic feet of water a second, or three times the maximum discharge of the St. Lawrence in the in- ternational section. In fair proximity to | that great source of electrical energy | are the bauxite deposits of Georgla and | Alabama. Electric ovens are required for the smelting of bauxite ore for aluminum. - The use of aluminum products in automotive and airplane manufacture, and the use of oxide | aluminum in modern fertilizer produc- | tion, augment the importance of these undeveloped national resources. The Norris bill does not merit enact- | ment if private enterprise will furrish an_acceptdble substitute for Govern- ment operation. It embodies seriously ,nb{ectlnnnble features. But a reason- | able offer by representatives of private | capital thus far has been sought in vain. A little intelligently, wide-awake salesmanship by the Government at this time is desirable. et That Would Be Waste. From the Florence (Ala.) Herald. An exchange denies the story about a souvenir hunter picking upry. half- smoked cigar thrown away by i Coolidge. It says the former President is not that wasteful. o And What a Handicap! PFrom the Hamilton Evening Journal. An old-timer is one who can remem- ber when a shady past was a handi- cap Instead of literature, ——ee—n Menace to Amity. From the Charleston (W. Va.) Daily Mail. There never will be international con- i believed possible that a man not born| by Miss to all' the traditions and sentiments of | matches as Bell, who is herself completely mystified.. the mc{cm sport could acquire the ait | biiween Am o cord so long as are arranged such e contract-bridge match 2 and Austria.