Evening Star Newspaper, April 27, 1930, Page 30

THE EVENING STAR With Sunday Morning Fdition. WASHINGTON, D. C. SUNDAY.........April 27, 1930 THEODORE W. NOYES. .. .Editor The Evening Star New!!nmper Company e 11en, st "and Penpsvivinia A . Ave New York ice: 110 E: 42n ) d 8t o Office: Lake Michigan Bulding. st S Doty Hiae Carrier Within the City. st -y, 45c per month Star . .60c per month Ar (when § Sunday 65¢ per month The Sunday Star .. c per copy Collection made at the €rd of each month, 8 8000. te b Rate by ening be sent in by mail or felephone Rate by Mail—Payable in Advance. Maryland and Virginia. Datiy and Sunday 1yr., $10.00: 1 mo.. 85¢ ally only 1yr. £6.00: 11no.. 50c unday only 1yr. $4.00: 1 mo.. 40c All Other States and Canada. ily and Sunday..} yr.. $12.0( Fll 13 1w § mo.. 1mo. 7t i 1mo.. 60c Member of the .ssociated Press, o Associated Press is exclusively entitled to the use for republication of all news dis- atches credited to it or not otherwise cred- d in this paper and aiso the local news published herein. All rights of publication of speciai dispatches herein are also rererved. Enforcement Legislation, ‘The House bill for the transfer of pro- hibition enforcement from the Treas- ury Department to the Department of Justice has finally been reported to the Senate. It passed the House weeks ago, the first of the measures recommended by President Hoover and his Law Enforce- ment Commission to strengthen the en- forcement of prohibition. In the in- terim it has reposed in the Senate fudiciary committee. The criticisms of prohibition and its enforcement which have occurred with daily frequency on Capitol Hill and elsewhere have scarce- 1y speeded up consideration of measures proposed after an intenstve study of the whole question. Furthermore, it ap- pears that this transfer bill is the only measure of the half dozen legislative proposals advanced by the administra- tion which stands a chance of being enacted into law at the present session. If there is any hurry about the im- provement of enforcement conditions, there has been little indication of it at the Capitol so far. Instead, a great dea] of time has been given by congres- slonal committees to the merits and de- merits of prohibition, with the wets in- sisting constantly that prohibition can- not be and never will be enforced. The transfer bill now favorably re- ported to the Senate seemingly has no enemies, certainly none sufficient in number to check its passage through the Senate. It has long been admitted that the logical and reasonable place for the prohibition enforcement unit is in the Department of Justice. The Department of Justice must in the end deal with the prosecutions of the viola- tions of the dry laws. The detection of these violations should come under the same department of the Govern- ment. The bill, it is expected, will be taken up for consideration if the Sen- ate at an early date. While its pas- sage appears to be assured, it doubt- less will be used as a vehicle to debate the whole prohibition question again. Despite its ten years of life, national prohibition must be considered largely in the experimental stage. The under- lying principle of the eighteenth amend- ment is the suppression ®f the traffic in intoxicating lMauor. It is that traffic which has defled law, which has sought to control politics and government in the past, to the detriment of both. The struggle against the bootlegger and speakeasy today is a continuance of the struggle against the {llicit liquor dealer of pre-prohibition days and the dealer ‘who sought to control government. The Government and the people sought for years to deal effectively with the liquor traffic before prohibition was adopted. But the liquor traffic would not remain within the limits to which it might have been confined with some measure of propriety. Liquor wished to control. It was that which made the traffic a .stench in the nostrils of millions of Americans. ‘That Congress should hesitate and delay in the adoption of measures calculated to suppress illegal lquor trafic i not in keeping with the best interests of America. This thould be the view of citizens whether they favor or do not favor national prohibition. Prohibition should have a fair trial. N One objection to the mystery story In | real life is that the suspense so valuable in fiction I« rather likely to be overdone in actual investigation. ot It has remained for the census taker o discover a rather large number of people who hate to talk about them- selves. ——— Need for Quick Justice. United States Attorney Rover will perform a valuable service to this com- munity if he uses all the means at his disposal to expedite the preliminaries and bring to early trial the three men now facing charges of murder in con- ! nection with the death of Prohibition Agent York, two weeks ago Within a few days after this ex- traordinarily cold-blooded crime, the police, by quick work, had rounded up three suspects. From two of them has been obtained a partial confession. All are now awaiting disposal of the case by the grand fury. The grand jury has been engaged in important work in connection with the F. H. 8mith Co, and the time thus consumed could easily uccount for the “slay 50 far in the York cases. But already legal obstacles have been placed, 88 usual, in the way of the grand jury’s action. Defense counsel have filed & motion for suppression of certain evidence collected by the police in their investigation of ‘he murder. Before the presentments may be made to the grand jury there must first be hearings on the motion to suppress th. evidence. This motion may be reached as early as next Saturday. Again, it may uve delayed in coming up for hearing, and after the argument the decision on the mo- tion must be made. It is alleged that the automobile suspected of being the machine followed into the alley by Agent York when he met his death, was seized from a garage by police, who took it to a place nearby and photographed it, such photogravhs constituting certain evidence. The mo- tion to suppress the evidence is founded on an allegation of illegal seizure of the car. The defendant is entitled to his rights. His counsel is bound by his re- | necessary at the three-quarter stage, u' sponsibility to take every legal step in his defense. These do not Irk the lay- man who watches the tedious processes of the law. But the delays in disposing of the various obstacles and contentions do irk him and leave him with a disre- spect for law and the course of justice. The criminal dockets are congested and the flow of justice through the courts in the District is 'mped=d by a log jam that is disgraceful. But there are short cuts around this jam that the United States attorney may take, and in such cases &s the York murder the short cuts should be utilized. In the ordinary course of events it is conceiv- able that months may clapse before the suspects in the York murder will be | brought to trial. By that time the name of York and the manner of his death | will have become vague and uncertain | memaries in the mind of the public Dexter Dayton, a confessed murderer. was indicted mn October. His case is THE SUNDAY STAR, WASHINGTON would appear extremely likely that many more residents will need similar admonitions before the roll is completed. And quite as likely that a taste of the Government's power to compel answers will, in some cases, be the only means to carry out a desirable program. It is almost impossible to understand what motives would cause a person to decline to co-pperate. The Government iz ir no sense prying into the affairs of citizens of the United States. All in- formation given is confidential and a person need have no fear that his answers, should they incriminate him, will be used by Uncle Sam to prosecute him. TIn this respect it is comparable to the Mediterranean fruit fly quaran- { tine in Florida conducted by the De- partment of Agriculture, where every single piece of baggage coming into or going out of the State was subject to rigid inspection for the presence of tabooed fruit, but if. tn the inspection, yet to be tried. Suppose Dayton is an { innocent man. What right does any | people possess to keep him behind the bars tnis long awaiting his day in court? The York murder is fresh in 1he pub- Iic mind now. The guilty man should be punished before his crime has been forgotten. o Rights of Federal Scientists. A principle of vast importance in its bearing upon the work of hundreds of Government scientists who develop patentable inventions in the course of their research is contained in suits instituted by the Department of Justice against two Bureau of Standards scientists whose labors made possible the operation of radio receiving sets by ordinary house current. The Gov- ernment is suing to recover the rights; to the patents, which were sold by the | scientists to private companies. Their inventions revolutionized the radio in- dustry and ordinarily could be expected to yield millions of dollars in royalties to the inventors. In 1922 Percival D. Lowell and Francis W. Dunmore, the former an associate physicist at the bureau, who subsequently left the service, and the latter still employed as an associate physicist, while engaged in govern- mental research work developed the device for use of house current. They patented it and sold the rights to a corporation in Delaware and similarly disposed of the rights to another in- vention to a company in Maine. The | Radio Corporation of America used ! these patents and was sued by the | two concerns. The validity of the pat- ents has been upheld by the courts and the Radio Corporation has appealed | the case. Meanwhile the Government is suing, and upon the outcome of the suit de-| pends the right of these two Govern- ment scientists to the proceeds from their inventions. Court decisions have left the ques- tion rather vague. But there are two | distinct sides to the issue that become apparent upon examination. There is no question of the fact that the two men perfected their invention while drawing pay from the Government, working in laboratories set up by the Government for research to benefit the | people, and the rights to the fruits of‘. their labor, according to one point of | view, belong to the employer. Such un- | doubtedly would have been the case had | the men been engaged at the time in| research work for the Radio Corpora- tion of America. But here we have the vast difference between the tangible rewards to lhe: scientist whose inventions are immedi- ately capitalized by powerful commer- clal organizations and those accruing| to the scientist who also happens to be“ & Government employe. In the former case the scientist does receive generous rewards. In the latter his reward is often confined merely to the ]nudnlon’ of his coworkers and prestige in the world of science. He cannot even hope to obtain a more remunerative rating under salary classification. If his in- vention may be freely used by the Gov- ernment—which is the case—should not | he be permitted to commercialize, in | relatively small degree, the results of his own skill and knowledge by disposing of the rights to industry? But in this case we would have the people supporting the scientists while they labor, and being forced to pur- chase again the results of their labor. Of course, the sclentist has always the right to resign from the service. But |the true scientist is not actuated in !the least by the desire to commercial- i2e his work. The latter is merely in- cidental. There are, naturally, other points than these which enter into the radio suits. The Government's right to the | royalties from the patents — which may amount to millions—is at stake. There also enters the consideration of incidents leading to the inven- !tion, and whether it was perfected and patented in pursuance of work as- signed. or whether it resulted from a discovery incidental to work assigned by the employing Government. The Government's alliance with the | Radio’ Corporation in this case as well |as the outcome of the tests in litiga- | tion of the principles involved, will be { watched with interest, { Scasons assert themselves according to the calendar more than according to the climate. The apple blossom beau- ties of Winchester assert themselves re- gardless of the traces of untimely frost —.— ] Census Dodgers. One of the difficult things for the average person to understand in the taking of the census is the reluctance and refusal to co-operate with the Gov- ernment on the part of a small minor- ity of citizens. Every ten years Uncle Sam seeks, in a systematized manner, to compute accurately the population of the United States. It would scem, with such a long interval between visits of enumerators, that every person would be glad to aid the Government in securing this vital information. That this is not the case, however, is shown by the fact that even here in Wash- ington the district attorney has been forced to write letters to more than four hundred residents calling attention to the law which provides fines and jail penalties for those who refuse to give proper answers to the | census | violations of the prohibition law were noticed, a “hands off” policy was adopted. In some cases the enumerators are perhaps at fault. It is nothing pa ticularly inusual for a person who is unexpectedly given a little authority to be gruff, overbearing and dis- courteous in his attitude. But this type of enumerator is rare and citizens who are unfortunate enough to encounter one should realize that after all it is the Government seeking information and not the temporary agent of the Gov- ernment. The census must be taken and every citizen should co-operate to the best of Ims ability. R Sensible Dress for Women. Far be it from mere, though ob- servant and admiring, man to withhold approval from the aims and objects of the “Sensible Dress Society” just formed at Liverpool. Its object is to resist the introduction of long skirts and ugly, inconvenient fashions which designers may be tempted to impose on modern women. The organization is the outcome of widespread disap- proval in England of the reintroduc- tion of long skirts for evening wear, and the fear that they will inevitably extend to day attire. Promoters of the “Sensible Dress So- clety” declare that the short skirt movement originated in Great Britain with the emancipation of women dur- ing the war. It is contended that the adoption of the fashion throughout the world 1z proof of women’s appreciation of their nether freedom, which demon- strably conduces to artistry, grace, hygiene and comfort. It was recently stated in a tariff de- bate on the floor of the United States | Senate that, whereas in days not so long ago it took a hard-working sheep whole year to grow enough material for a woman's dress, a single humble | silkworm could do the trick in these times. The British short-skirters argue that women with moderate means would be unable to purchase as many dresses as they do now, were they to trail in the dust as of yore, so that material manufacturers would not bene- fit so greatly as they think by the restoration of long skirts. A male wag has suggested that one of the commonest effects of curtailed skirts is to make the women look shorter and the men look longer. Lives there a man with gaze so astigmatized 85 not to admit that the American scene—the street scene in particular— is far more esthetic and easier to look upon since fair woman, taking a leaf out of the high protectionists' note- book, revised her skirts upward? —ee A widely regretted report comes that Mayor Jimmy Walker is suffering from nerve exhaustion. 1t has long been rec- | ognized that the nerve strain in New York politics is something that no or- dinary mortal can meet for an indefinite period of time. —_—re——————— Each aviation crash is freely men- tioned by those who cling to earth as a “warning.” The warning is never heeded. Bravery, rather than fear, is the normal attribute of the human | mind. v SHOOTING STARS. BY PHILANDER JOHNSON. New Instrument. My automatic telephone In you I seem to find A concertina of my own, So gracefully designed. In idle moments 1 delight To watch you as I learn To guide your course from left to right, And gaze as you return. 1 practice as the hours go by, And night falls all too soon, And hope, with your assistance, 1 shall learn to play a tune. Habits of Thought. “Did your audience believe what you told them?” “I think so” answered Senator Sorghum; “audiences like to hear what they already know. My politics is well understood. Those who didn't believe the things I always say, staid away.” Jud Tunkins says the fruit crop sets a fine example. It always starts by being called a faflure and always ends as a success. The “Leave It To Me” Lad. A “leader” boastfully declares His judgment’s always fine. He cannot manage his affairs, Yet interferes with mine. Considerate. “What does the doctor prescribe?” “I don't know,” answered the per- petual patient. “Probably something powerful and terrifying. He follows the kindly custom of using Latin and writ- ing a bad hand so that no one will be | fully aware of the bad news except th> druggist.” “Knowledge is easily attained,” said Hi Ho, the sage of Chinatown, “Wis- {dom consists in not trying to impart more knowledge than will be desired or understood.” i Spring Apparel. | The sad sea waves will cause dismay | As frosty breezes float | Oh, take the bathing suit away And bring my overcoat! takers These four hundred letters that Mr Rover has just sent out are the first batch. The census is now three-fourths complete. If four hundred letters are | “If you want to keep safe,” said Uncle Eben, “don't try to git acquainted wif any mo’ of de underworld dan you kin turn over wif & sarden hoe.a D. C, “STRANGE HAPPENINGS” BY THE RIGHT REV.JAMES §. FREEMAN, D. D., LL. D., Bishop of Text: “Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem, and hast not known the things which are come to pass in these days?'—St. Luke, zziv.18. Unfamiliar with current news. This seemingly was the situation with the two pilgrims of the highway as they went on their journey to their village home. Even though they were familiar with recent events, they were baffled | and confused by them. They had no comprehension of their large signifi- cance. The incident related is one of the picturesque touches that constitute a part of the narrative of the first Easter day. The whole countryside had been shocked by the tragic ending of & career that, by its startling deeds of service, its amazing affirmations of truth, had gained widespread attention and popularity. The crucifixion on Good Friday had seemed to mark the failure of another great reformer. All adher- ents had fallen away and great expec- tations had been shattered. The death of Jesus, to the minds of a multitude of men and women, was an unspeakable calamity. It was to many the end of a life that gave promise of liberation from the hated yoke of Rome. We read that as the two pilgrims went on their way they were sad. Presently, a third traveler joined them and immediately entered into their conversation. They related to the sojourner the events of recent days, adding, “Art thou only a stranger in Jerusalem and hast not known the things which are come to pass in these days?” From this point the stranger unfolded to them the ir- resistible logic of the crucifixion, mak- ing clear to them the purpose of the ministry of Jesus. It was only when they reached the village of Emmaus that the stranger was revealed as none other than the crucified and risen Christ. This revelation to the sorrowful pil- grims on the highway is one of the most dramatic and appealing touches of the resurrection story. The obvious purgflte of it all was to bring the mighty lesson of the resurrection within the range of man’s common, everyday Waslington. experience. It has to do with the most vital and intimate things of life. It is related to our dearest and most sacred interests. More than any other story or incident recorded, it brings a solution to the greatest problem that confronts | us. Subtract this incident from the |annal of human experience and we | shadow every path and leave man in the midst of uncertainty and render the tomb an insolvable riddle. In our after- thoughts of what Easter stands for we are compelled to think of it in terms of its_relation to our own individual life. Related, as it is, to the glowing return of springtime, of opening buds and an earth refreshed and renewed after the long Winter, it is a message that speaks of life’s renewal beyond the grave. The churches thronged with cager and reverent crowds, choirs sing- ing their glad hallelujahs, preachers proclaiming again the mighty lesson of the resurrection—all these have their consistent place in the recognition of the day. These in themselves thrill us with new and freshened enthusiasm, but when they are past we find our chief satisfaction in appropriating to ourselves and our problems the mes- sage of Him who joined the pilgrims of the highway on their lonely walk. Christmas and Easter have a message that relates to the most vital concerns of our individual life. “Because I live, ye shall live also,” is a message that touches you and me in a vital way, and that furnishes the answer to the great- est question that was ever asked. The passion for life is real; the hope of a fuller, freer life inheres In every human breast. “’'Tis life whereof our souls are scant; More life and fuller that we want.” It is the answer to this yearning that | Christ gives to men on the highway of life. He speaks to them in language | they can understand. He enters under- | standingly into their innermost thoughts. | He submits His own renewed life in demonstration of the lesson He teaches. He brings Himself within the range of our thinking. His message is for the wayfarer that is burdened with an un- solved problem. Bureau of Standards Tests BY FREDERIC ]. HASKIN. From such scientific niceties as de- termining variations of 1 in 100,000 in measurement units to the resistibil- ity of roof paint to the weather, the scope and range of the work of the Bureau of Standasds continues unin- terruptedly, ferreting out facts which to the layman seem of very remote value on the one hand or very prac- tical on the other. To the technicians in charge of the bureau's work all experimentation is of ultimate value. Recent work of the bureau has been in connection with establishment of an international standard for the joule, a unit of heat measurement, and of the watt, a measure of electricity. It ap- pears that, while there is a so-called international unit for most of these measurements, it is not absolutely pre- cise, various countries, in their local mechanical application, showing some variation. This variation is so slight that to the lay mind it is wholly negligible. But precision is the es- sence of Bureau of Standards work and the same relates to the British National Physical Laboratory and to the comparable bureaus of other na- tions. In such a work as the present in- vestigation the first step is to determine how far off each national standard is from the international one. Precise knowledge on this point makes precise conversions possible when it is desired to translate a measurement stated in terms of international joules or watts into national ones. While it is doubtful whether the news will come as a shock to the ordinary reader, nevertheless the bu- reau has determined that our national ohm is oversize in relation to the international ohm by as much as 5 in 10,000. Moreover, our volt is too big by 45 parts in 100,000. As volts and ohms influence joules and watts, it becomes important to track down the whole series of variations. The answer is that the joule Is too large by 4 parts in 10,000, and so it warns all users of joules that to be accurate in their calculations conversions should be made in the ratio—1 international equals 1.0004 local mechanical units. Improving Radio and Aviation. The bureau is continually searching out the mysteries of radio. An investi- gation now i progress is designed to find out what happens to radio impulses be- tween the instant they leave the trans- mitting station and their arrival at a receiving station. Already it has been determined that pait of a radio im- pulse leaps upward and is echoed back from a sort of ceiling of upper atmos- phere before proceeding on This part of the impulse is retarded by its longer journey sufficiently to be noted by fine instruments and might possibly result in confused or blurred signals, although the retardation is very insubstantial., At 11:30 o'clock in the morning the echoed radio wave is 00143 part of a second behind the ground wave and at 4 p.m. it is .00153 part of a second late. This is on a frequency of 4,045 kilocycles. During magnetic storms and at night the de- lay is greater. However, no one would ever miss a train by being .00143 part of a second late. Experimentation to devise radio an- tennas for airplanes which will over- come the difficulties encountered by formation of ice upon those now em- ployed is being carried on by the bu- reau. It also is making laboratory tests to perfect radio direction finders to as- sist in aerial navigation. While in- volving the closest scientific calcula- tions, this work has a practical value to fiyers. There is scarcely an adult reader of this or any other newspaper who has not tucked away somewhere one or more newspaper clippings. If the col- lection is large and covers a consider- able span of years, the owner doubt- less has wondered why it is that many of the older clippings appear to be bet- ter preserved than those of only a few years ago. The Bureau of Standards has gone into this matter. Obtaining from public library files samples of old newspapers, it has made tests to deter- mine what the paper used was made of and arrive at a conclusion as to the rea- sons for deterioration. A group of newspapers ranging in date from 1866 to 1873 was found to be made up of specimens in excellent condition, where a latter group ranging | from 1874 to 1880 showed marked de- terioration; the paper would crack on being folded but once. Analysis revealed that the earlier samples were made from chemi- cal pulp fiber produced from rags, es- parto grass, straw, and wood. The in- ferior specimens were made from a cruder ground-wood fiber mixed with chemical fibers. A Peep Into Laboratories. The conclusion reached was that a lack of proper purification of the fiber is re- sponsible for rapid deterioration. The rag content did not seem to govern. The paper in good condition in some cases had as high as 90 per cent rag content, but, on the other hand, very badly deteriorated paper had up to 75 per cent rag content. Certain modern paper-making processes had not come into use when the earlier samples were made. The bureau has just taken down from the roof of one of its buildings samples of roof paint, which had been placed there for experimental observation six years ago. Wood panels and metal pan- els had been painted with roof paints of various mixtures, various pan- els having a_different number of coats of paint. The purpose of the experi- ment was to determine the resistance of certain types and mixtures of paints to sun, rain and other vicissitudes of weather. Some samples checked and pecled and flaked badly and others its way. | 50 much so, in fact, that| weathered the experiment in better con- dition. This experiment has resulted in a conclusion that the proper proportions of chemical constituents of the best roof paint are 45 per cent titanox, 35 per cent white lead, and 20 per cent zinc oxide. Presence of too much zinc oxide seems to account for excessive cracking in some roof paints. License Tag Metals. Along the same lines tests were made to find the best type of finish for au- tomobile license tags. This is of im- portance, as experience has shown that some license tags have peeled and chipped so badly that officers have not been able to decipher the numbers. The bureau applied an accelerated test in this case. The accelerated test is made by subjecting the article under scrutiny to conditions of wear and weather, but in a more intense degree. The test is adjusted so that in a few weeks the ef- fect on the object will be the same that it would be under normal conditions over a much longer period of time. It was found, in this case, that varnishing tags, after the backgrounds and letters have been painted, is undesirable in that the varnish is likely to peel off, bringing the enamel paint with it. There are thousands of miles of pipe lines in the United States for gas, oil and other commodities. The bureau is at work on experiments to determine the best type of coating for these pipes to retard corrosion and other deterio- ration. This gives but a peep into the bu- | reau’s laboratories, the merest indica- | tion of the intensive work which is goine on at Uncle Sam’s great scientific aboratory continuously. The utmost skill is bent to study of problems, on the one hand, of utilitarian practicability and, on the other, of pure science, ——— Foreign Counterfeits BY HARDEN COLFAX. Smart city bankers are falling victims | far more easily to the products of the counterfeiters’ art than are the country bank tellers and storekeepers. This fact cials of the Treasury Department. The carelessness which leads to loss in" counterfeiting is most evident in the larger cities and among those peo- ple who handle the largest volume of currency. The Treasury Department is worried over the situation, for it does not wish the public to become care- less in this matter. It is only through the vigilance of the public that prompt discovery of the circulation of counter- felt bills is made and opportunity is glven the secret service to check the supply at its source. * %k * % The difficulties of the secret service of the Treasury Department have been muitiplied, since the issue of the new small sized currency nine months ago, by the fact that most of the counte) feiting has been done abroad. Amer- ican counterfeits now are made to a large extent either in Germany or Italy. hile this may lessen the circulation of these bills, it makes it far more difficult for the secret service to dis- cover the counterfeiters, destroy the plants and bring the “shovers of the queer” into custody. The public's carelessness, according to Treasury officials, is due largely to its confidence in the new currency and because of the difficulty of duplicating it. This new currency already has eliminated one phase of counterfeiting— the raising of denominations of bills. The various denominations now have very distinctive features, and while a clever artist might work in a new de- | nomination in a bill, he would find it almost impdssible to duplicate the changes in the design of the bill itself. * ook Most people have come to recognize the distinctive features of the various ! denominations. They know the $1 bill | bears a portrait of Washington, while the $5 bill carries a portrait of Lincoln, with a picture of the Lincoln Memorial on the reverse side. Even the clever- | est artist would find difficulty in chang- ing the features of Washington into the features of Lincoln in raising a note. Most of the clever counterfeits discovered in recent months have been counterfeits of the old bills, of which there still is a large amount in circulation. None the less, counterfeits are spring- ing up from time to time in the new bills. The Treasury Department re- cently discovered a $20 bill counterfeit made in Germany, which .with only one extremely small exception could not be distinguished by Treasury experts from the legitimate $20 notes. There was only one slip up. The bill has on it the design of a woman's figure bearing a palm in one hand. On the counter- | feit the thumb was not closed around | the stem of the palm. I * % ok % Danger lies in the fact that bank tell- ers and cashiers in stores in a large city handle such a huge volume of currency that its counting and inspection become almost automatic. The teller or cashier fails to give the attention to individual bills which is accorded them by the teller, cashier and merchant in the | smaller centers, where the volume of | currency counted is less. The circula- | tors of false money know this as well as | the Treasury Department and they seem to center their attention on the more crowded shopping areas. lays the discovery of the counterfeit and leads to wide circulation of the false money. Walter E. Hopa, Asssitant Secretary of Worry Treasury Agents i was learned the other day from offi- This often de-! APRIL 27, 1930—PART TWO. Capital Sidelights BY WILL P. KENNEDY. The “Scholar in Politics,” Represent- ative Robert Luce, has just contributed another volume, = “Legislative Princi- ples,” to his set of standard works on “The Science of Legislation,” which now consists of four volumes, treating his- torically, descriptively and critically the legislative branch of Government in every respect. Representative Luce, rec- ognized pre-eminamtly as the foremost living authority on American parlia- mentary law, is fitted for such work as a member of the General Court of Mas- sachusetts for nine years; of its gov- ernor’s council. as lieutenant governor; of the constitutional convention a dec- ade ago, when he was chairman of the committee on rules and procedure, and for the past 12 years a member of ! Congress. Besides this, he has been | | making a specialized study of this sub-| ject for a half century, and his works on the science of legislation are credited as authoritative books of reference by the legislative assembles of the world. The earlier volumes are: “Legislative Procedure,” covering parliamentary law and the course of business in the fram- ing of statutes; “Legislative Assem- blies,” their framework, make-up, char- acter, characteristics, habits and man- ners, and “Legislative Principles,” the history and theory of lawmaking by representative governments. Represent- ative Luce is now working on the fifth and final volume in this series, “Legis- lative Problems,” the merits and defects of the l]awmaking branch of the Govern- ment, with a consideration of tendencies and remedies. The present volume has been wel- comed by his colleagues in Congress, and it is an interesting and unusual spectacle.to see a big majority of the members all interested in this one book at the same time, reading it in their offices, carrying it under their arms about the Capitol or from office to home. A veteran of more than 50 years' serv- ice at the Capitol says he never saw so many members of Congress inter- ested in one book at the same time Among the subjects in this book. in which the Congressmen are particular- ly interested are: ‘What is law?—Religion and law; cus- toms as a source of law; innovation; customs and the courts. Monarchs and sovereignty—Delegated authority; limitation of power; which form is best? Lawmaking by assemblies—Genuine representation appears; developed in England; beginnings of Parliament; the three estates. In the American Colonies—Virginia, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay. Varied developments—New Jersey and elsewhere; power of assemblies unlim- | ited. Constitutions—The States organize; conventions. Amending the orgenic law—Power of conventions; revision by commission; { other methods and details; mode of sub- mission; “tinkering.” Fundamentals and their force—Legis- lators and constitutions. Representation—Lot and ballot; indi- rect election; the voting problem. Majority and plurality—In elections; absolute majorities; votes larger than a majority. Minorities—In the United States; va- rious systems; argument and theory. Occupational representation—Definite groupings; merits and defects. Franchise tests—Religious qualifica- tions: property as a measure; the argu- ments, ‘The suffrage—Individuals or common good; literacy and intelligence. Places or population—Numbers in the States; Pennsylvania first. Apportionment under the Union— Rural and urban; reapportionment. Districts — Arguments; the gerry- mander; judicial and other views. Corrupt practices in elections—Ameri- can advance; campaign expenses. Theories of representation—The doc- trine of instructions; the imperative mandate; instructions in Americ: | Instructions in Congress — Various views: pledges, censure and recall. Independence vs. responsibility — Whom does the representative repre- sent: anticipating the people. i The right of petition. | Public opinion—Nature and effect; | ascertaining and reflecting. | ‘The initiative and referendum—In | America; constitutions and laws: draft- | ing; information; exclusions; conflicts; description; amendment. ‘The referendum—When optional; number of questions: signatures and ex- pense; how the people vote; power of minorities and mafjorities; probable ef- fects: democracy or representative gov- ernment. * ok ok * Representative Joe Crall of Califor- nia is quite proud of his twin brother | Charlie, because he so closely resem- | bles himself, “Charlie” is now dean of | the Los Angeles Superior Court. ! “Joe” says that when they both en- | tered the Army during the World War Charlie was made a sergeant and Joe a corporal so that they could be dis- tinguished from each other by the dif- | terence in their chevrons. | gl Almost daily members of Congress | | have brought to their attention the record of some American who took a prominent part in establishing thi Government and whose name is not a all familiar to the present generation, as, for example, ngrescnmtl\'e Lindsay C. Warren of North Carolfna has just introduced a bill providing for erection of a marker or tablet to the memory of Joseph Hewes, signer of the Declara- tion of Independence, member of the Continental Congress, and patriot of the Revolution, at Edenton, N. C. Rep-( resentative Robert Luce of Massa- chusetts s chairman of the commit- tee on the library to which this bill was_referred. The records chow that Joseph Hewes was born in Kingston, N. J., 200 years ago, and pursued classical studies at Princeton College, following which he engaged in business in Philadelphia for a time, and then settled in Wilming- ton, N. C. He was a member of the North Carolina House of Commons from 1766 to 1775, and was a member of the committee of correspondence in 1773, a delegate to the Provincial Con- gress a member of the Continental Congress, 1774-1777: again served in | the State House of Commons, in 1778 and 1779; was a member of the com- mittee to report upon the rights of the | colonies; was a signer of the Declara- tion of Independence; again a member of the Continental Congress in 1779, and served until his death in Phila- delphia, where he is buried in Christ Churchyard. ———— They Read Etiquette Book. From the Akron Beacon-Journal. Some modern kids are rude, of course, but there are others that are careful not to correct their parents in public. ————— How About Burning Appeals? From the Canton Daily News. A Mexican mayor has been accused of burning a town, but few mayors up this way are setting cities on fire. the Treasury, said today that the public should not relax its vigilance. He urged that handlers of money be sure that they know the distinctive features of the different denominations. “This can be and ought to be done,” he explained, “as a protection for the | particular individual and it ought to be ! done so that the general public may be ! advised of the circulation ‘of bills that are not genuine.” it New counterfeits have caused consid- erable worry to insurance companies. good many merchants carry counterfeit | insurance, but occasionally an insurance company discovers that it is insuring two or three merchants for the price of one, For example, it was discovered re- cently on the East Side in New York that three merchants had banded to- gether to secure protection. One took out a policy and the others, when they received counterfeit bills, passed them on to the man who had the policy, being reimbursed when the latter was paid by the insurance company. (Copyright, 1930.) | serted her in her old age. Franklin Roosevelt Building an Issue For 1932 in Power Trust Question BY WILLIAM HARD. ‘The boldest general play in national politics is now being made by Gov. | Franklin D. Roosevelt, Democratic Gov=~ ernor of New York. He is putting himself far out into the lead as & prospective candidate for the Demo- cratic nomination for President in 1932, Moreover, he is establishing himself solidly on an issue which can last a very long time and on which the Re- publicans are politically weak. That issue is the electrical light and power question, commonly described as the “power trust” question. This last week most especially has seen Gov. Roosevelt advancing with cane and sword into the center of the political arena as the people’s “mata- dor” against the supposedly raging and ramping brutal “power trust” bull. Mr. Roosevelt’s maneuvers to irritate the bull and to awaken the spectators con- stitute undoubtedly the week's out- standing political event. * koK K The audacious—and also astute—New York governor got his instant chance through reports rendered to the New York Legislature by a commission on the improvement of the local State | laws regarding the regulation of pub- lic utilities and through bills which the Legislature thereupon passed. The commission which rendered the reports had for its chief legal counsel the eminent Republican lawyer, Col. William J. Donovan, who was assistant to the Attorney General of the United States under President Coolidge and who was much mentioned as a possible Attorney General or a possible Secretary of War in the cabinet of President Hoover. Col. Donovan is now the head of a large and growing law firm in New York City. He is not only one of the ablest, but also one of the most liberal and open-minded Republican public men in New York State politics. Under his guidance the commission for im- proving the New York public utility laws made investigations of the deepest scientific thoroughness and then made reports which went very far indeed, as most Republicans thought, toward a more rigorous public utility regulation. B ‘The problem then for Gov. Roosevelt was to go farther, and he most certain- 1y has done so. The investigating com- mission’s majorty reports and recom- mendations were based essentially on the idea of trying to make progress to- ward more and better public utility regulation while still remaining fairly well on the roadway laid down and marked out by the United States Su- preme Court in its decisions regarding the constitutional method of establish- ing the “valuations” of public utility roperties. B Gp:v. Roosevelt has accepted that fundamental challenge and has come out squarely and uncompromisingly agalgst the Supreme Court. All the rest of his multitudinous remarks on other points in the course of his scorch- ing vetoes, or in the course of his con- temptuous approvals, of the new pub- 1ib utility regulatory bills passed by the New York Legislature are of minor political importance. The heart of the issue raised is that Gov. Roosevelt has | embarked not only on a State campaign but also on a national campaign to re- verse the decisions of the United States Supreme Court regarding the “valua- tions” of all public utilities, whether they operate light and power plants, or water plants, or gas plants, or trolley lines, or subways, or telephone systems, or_railroads. ‘The money involved in this dispute, from the standpoint of the receivers of public utility dividends, or from the standpoint of the users of public utility services, must be estimated not in mil- lions, but in billions. Gov. Roosevelt ‘himself seems to maintain that his proe ed new “valuations” of public utility properties, plus his other proposed new treatments of those properties, would tn certain instances reduce the profits of public utility companies to one-fourth of their present possible bulk. with a corresponding cheapening of public ut" - | ity services to the consumer | “such a financial prospect is not 1a itself without its political attractive- |ness to voters and to delegates, but even higher political praise must be bestowed upon the Supreme Court phase |of the governor's program. When a statesman _undertakes to compel the Supreme Court, to reverse itself, he can be sure that he is attaching himselt to an issue which will survive through many and many years. Supreme Court justices die slowly, and they change their minds with a slowness even stickier. Gov. Roosevelt today is astride of a horse which will be going just as strong in 1932 as at this moment—and | probably stronger. e Nor can it be said that he is off on a ride of mere demagoguery. Quite a few highly reputable personages are riding with him. The essence of the Supreme Court position is that in es- tablishing the “valuation” of a public utility—for the purpose of calculating the rates which it may charge the pub- lic—the valuing authorities must take into consideration the element of “re- production cost new"” as well as the el ment of “original cost.” The governor says—to put it broadly—that “origina! cost” is quite enough. So said Robert | M. La Follette. So also say, however Justice Holmes and Justice Brandels and—partly—Justice Stone within the present personnel of the Supreme Court itself. So also says—most remarkably— Owen D. Young, head of the General Electric Co. and of the Radio Corpora- tion of America. Mr. Young has testi- fied to that effect, explicitly, before a Senate committee in Washington. He also, in the course of his distinguished business life, has endeavored to nego- tiate at least one franchise for a power company on an outright simple “original cost” basis. He seems to be in favor of that basis both in principle and prac- tice. ok x Gov. Roosevelt, accordingly, has some high judicial and economic support. He might well carry his party to his views. The opinion held and expressed by Mr Young, who is himself a Democratic presidential potentiality, would have great weight in a Demccratic national convention. The Republicans, on the other hand, seem today to be most unlikely to be willing to outbid the Democrats in this matter. They recoil in principle and they recoil also out of their more intimate contact all through the country with the regular run of public utility interests. The cool chances are that Gov, Roosevelt is go- ing to be a hero in the next Demo- cratic national convention; and, if he succeeds also in getting to be the can- | didate, he will have an issue, all his own, which will make him look more like an economic emancipator of the people than any other Democratic can- didate since Woodrow Wilson. (Copyright. 1930.) Fifty Years Ago In The Star Queen Victoria’s personal dislike for all the Liberal statesmen of Great . . Britain led to some Queen Victoria lmlumi‘ ?nld ".;I. and the Liberals, times painfyl st 50 years ago. The Star of April 23, 1880, thus mentions the matter: “Queen Victoria is highly displeased because of the Liberal victory in Great Britain and she manifests her dis- pleasure by snubbing the Liberal leaders. She summoned Lord Hartington to Windsor Castle and then refused to show him the attention that common politeness required. Instead of sending a carriage to the railway station for him, as is usual, she left him to find his ‘way to her on foot, and at the castle he was treated more like an in- truder than one of the first men of the kingdom summoned by the express order of the Queen upon important state business. The admirable tact and judgment which had hitherto marked the Queen’s course in regard to the affairs of the kingdom seem to have de- ‘The repre- sentatives of the party which has just ‘swept the kingdom’ in & popular elec- tion cannot be put down even by a Queen’s frowns and her display of ill humor will not add to her Popularlty. She permits her personal feelings toward Mr. Gladstone to outweigh the popular demand that he shall become the head of the new government. All arguments have failed to move her from the determination that Gladstone shall not have the premiership, but in spite of her opposition the public wish in this regard will probably be asserted in the end.” * * x Visitors to the Library of Congress who pay their respects to the “shrine” vhe laced A Plea to Preserve the Deciaratk ths Declaration 0; 3 Independence an the Declaration. (RCePE tCiet fion of the United States will be interested to know that 50 years ago there was great anxiety as to the preservation of the former of these two immortal pa- pers. The Star of April 24, 1880, con- tains the following letter from a reader: “The presentation to Congress yester- day of the desk upon which Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of In- dependence leads me to call attention to what is of infinitely more impor- tance, the revered instrument ltsel(.l which is bodily fading away, and with- | out something is soon done its very ex- istence will become a tradition and our great-great-grandchildren will muddle; their ~intellects over discussing its mythical place in history as much as | the copfreres of Mrs. Gamp ‘designed’ ' the veritable personality of the vexa- tious and oft-referred-to ‘Mrs. Harris’ “There is perhaps a remedy to be found for this frightful thought in n! law drawn by the writer of these lines, approved by the President, August 3,, 1876, in the following words: “ ‘Resolved, etc., etc., That a commis- | sion consisting of the Secretary of the | Interior and the secretary of the Smith- sonian Institution and the Librarian of / Congress be empowered to have msort} to such means as will most effectually restore the writing of the original man- uscript of the Declaration of Independ- ence, with the signatures appended thereto, now in the United States Pat-! ent Office, and the expense attending - the same be defrayed out of the con- tingent fund of the Interior Depart- | ment.’ i “Soon after the passage of this act the | late Prof. Henry had informal con- | versation with the Secretary of the In- terior as to the means to be employed to carry out the design of the law and exactly there the whole matter has been dropped and no effort whatever has been made to preserve from the ravages of time the living evidence of | this sacred birthright of every Ameri- | can and the towering beacon of the oppressed of all nations. “There is authority for s(ltlnf that | the British Museum is continually re- | storing old MS. and certainly our sci-! entific knowledge should not be less than theirs. Be this as it may, an earnest effort to comply with the law 1 surely imperative and the attention o those vested with this authority is re- spectfully called to their duty in the premises.” o British Parties United On the Indian Question BY A. G. GARDINER, England’s Greatest Liberal Editor. LONDON, April 26—With the final signature of the London naval treaty, the state of affairs in India automati- cally assumed first place in public at- tention over here. It must be confessed that the news this week has not been reassuring. Open violations of the salt laws continue. There has been a serious raid by armed men on the government armories at Chittagong. And the latest news from the northwest districts reports extensive rioting at Peshawar, attended by con- siderable loss of life. Nevertheless, there is no reason to suppose that the situation is out of hand. Wherever rioting has occurred it has been rapidly suppressed. The violations of the salt laws are more spectacular than extensive. The gov- ernment's wise m)llcy in not g:rmlmn‘ Mahatma Gandhi to succeed in making a martyr of himself was successful. At the same time, there is a quiet determi- nation in this country that, while the ssive development of the Indian mmmtlun is to continue, there must be no capitulation to the forces of violence and disorder. * ok k% There is no important difference of opinion here between the leaders of various parties. It is important that this unanimity be realized, not only in India, but throughout the world. The government in India has the support not only of the Conservatives, but of the present Labor government and English lib- eralism generally. The reason should be obvious. As a result of causes over which neither this generation nor many gen- erations before it had the slightest con- trol, we are, in fact, responsible for the government of India. And our first duty is to see that law ‘and order are maintained. The main sufferers from the disorders are not the British, but the Indians. It is universally acknowledged that attempted violence against the British almost invariably de- generates into intercommunal fighting. ‘We should be neglecting the essen- tial functions of government if we did not take all steps necessary to pre- serve peace. It was reported from Peshawar that at one stage in the dis- orders the rumor spread to the hills that the British had evacuated the city. At once the hill tribes set out to raid and pillage, only- to retire when the rumor was discovered to be false. This is symptomatic of the universal dis- order that would follow if the strength of the government were seriously im- paired. EE It is important to realize, too, that the present position in India is not at all analogous to the case of Ireland or, indeed, to any of the cases of insurgent nationalism whose cause has been sup- ported by the English Liberals during the past hundred years. India is not a nation, but & sub- continent, composed of many different races and nationalities, many of whom are bitterly opposed to Gandhi and his campaign, which they tend to regard as an attempt on the part of the high- caste Hindus to obtain ascendency over the whole of the country. Ghandi does not pretend to have machinery at his disposal capable of running the coun- try if the British were to go. He ad- mitted last week that an Indian con- gress government would have to dis- cover a substitute for taxation, but confessed that his plans on this subject were not precise. Nevertheless, in the last quarter cen- tury there has been steady progress in the evolution of the institutions of self- government. And at the present time an important commission of inquiry is in progress trying to discover how these institutions can be further developed. The leaders of the various interests have been invited to a round table confer- ence to discuss the findings of the com- mission. Is it seriously to be expected that at this stage the demands for the abolition of taxation and for complete self-gov- ernment on *the part of the representa- tives of »f these many interests should b >ded the threat of dis- obedience do so would be to ab- dicate the . .ictions of government in favor, not of another government, but of complete chaos. (Copyright, 1930.) v