Evening Star Newspaper, January 15, 1930, Page 22

WORKING WOMEN'S CONDITIONS HARDER Double Standard of Pay De:-|® plored by U. S. Bureau Assistant Director. In @ bulletin issued @ few days aso by the Woman's Bureau of the United States Department of Labor the assist- ant director, Miss Agnes L. Peterson, said that in many wavs woman's lot in the present industrial age is becoming harder. The Star and the North Ameri- ean Newspaper Alliance asked = Miss © Peterson to discuss this condition in detail, which she does in the following article. BY AGNES L. PETERSON, Assistant Director Woman's Bureau, United States Department of Labor. From the beginning of time wives and daughters have made a contribu- tion to the home equal to, though dif- fering from, the contribution made by wage-earning husbands and fathers. Frequently the services rendered by the ‘women in the home have exceeded in actual money value the contribution of the men. Today the economic position of wom- en appears to have been affected to a greater degree and more generally than has that of men by the striking changes made during the last few decades in the production and handling of the business of the Nation. ‘Whereas the new conditions have brought greater freedom of self-expres- sion and action to large numbers. of women, they have brought to others new economic problems that are heavy and complex. In fact, some of the problems that must be shouldered by women challenge our present social + order. It may be said that the new order of things has changed the actual status of women in the home materially. While sickness, death and desertion al- ways have brought heavy economic re- sponsibilities to many women, and while, from the beginning, it has been neces- sary for some women to take the place of husbands and fathers, the new order probably has aggravated for women in regard to family problems that are due to the incapaeity or loss of the male lwinner, since, in the old days, it was more common for the dependent family to be sup- ported by relatives than for the mother 10 seek regular employment away from ‘home. Marriage Lacks Security. One of the greatest differences be- ‘wage-earning women lies in the that in many i considered formerly to be one of advantages. Nowadays mai bring new financial responsibilit the wife as well as for her husband. Since able and deserving men in large numbers cannot earn sufficient for.the neods of a family, a money contribution man 1:}! ne ltyuca“u o 1t therem a necess! nsequently, is this great difference from wwflonl a generation or so ago: That a proportion of the nmum lving tn dtlu depend largely upon the earnings of women, and that in many homes the entire income is earned by wife or daughters. Nor is it & case of off with the old, on with the new. In assuming bread- winning responsibilities, women as a rule have not been able to relinquish the eternal cooking, dishwashing, scrubbing, laundering care of dependents which have always fallen to woman's burden of homemaker and wage earner. Such a strain on motherhood and po- tential motherhood jeopardizes not the health of women, but the future the Women's the wage'earning woman contributes to family ‘The Women's Bureau, wm the task of formulat policies to advance ‘wage-earning women and to lervlc— M tlnfin for d!e Dational | therefc good, has the urgent need for | bringing to t.he surface and thro | more light on the submerged subject of women's economic contributions to fam. ily support. purpose behind fiu present_study, therefore, was to collect all available and authentic material on thh subject and put it in readable form, accessible interested in the problem. ‘The \mllrtln not Dnly presents facts. from & ‘half-dozen special first-hand in- vestigations by the Women's Bureau on the share of wage-earning women in family support, but analyzes census data and material from 31 surveys made by other agencies, all bearing on this vital situation in our modern life. One Inescapable conclusion arrived at in the study is that married women who work because they need the job. The few indeed, compared with those who work because they need the job. The inability of a large number of men to carn_sufficient to cover the cost of Jiv- ing for the family makes it.necessary for many women, in every State of the Union, to seek employment and to share with husband and father in the support of the family. Studies in the last few years by Ihe National Industrial Conference Board on the cost of living show that to main- tain a wife and two children—that is, to give them the bare essentials without allowance even for saving—a men must earn $29 to $31 a week, the amount de- pending on whether he lives in a town or a large city. He must,make this sum every week without any reduction due to unemployment, part-time work or lost time caused by illness, accident or other reasons, but such contingencles, as we know, are almost unavoidable in the wage-earning world. ‘These lludla show '-hlt unskilled te nnc-n-i X M Glasses Fitted Eyes xamines DR. CLAUDE S. SEMONES Eyesight Specialist Next Sunday, Jan. 19 1» Washington 7:40AM, ArPhiladelphis 10:45AM. RETURNING LvPhiladeiphia 7:30PM. Lv Chester 7:50 P, v Wilmington 8:10 P, Same Day Cousnit Thehes A tomi Baltimore & Ohio No More Gas In Stomach 1 you wish to be permaneéntly B leved ot vas s Tal !Tfl lly fo l‘ stomach gas and bad effects resulting from gas Bressur That empty. gnawin Bit o the 'siomich il d xious, nervo: feeling at the | disappear: that | feeling _after sleepy desire for ase. laced by & That _drowsy, aimner will be_ e i e loating An Important Millinery Event! 500 New Straw- and Felt Combinations In Two Sale Groups Skull Types Small, Medium Large and Extra Large Head Sizses —An unusual oyPortun(ty to purchasc the new styles in hats, at the very be- nnin, filr, Waikiki brown, of the .season, at extraordinary sav- ew colors, too, including beach sand, beige Spring_green, Bermuda green, Linen blue, Koyal dahlia, purple, black. Kann's—Second Floor. and Bowels || THE EVENING qn supplemented mgl:ber of the ‘;{mfly, S0 onen the wife. Health and Decency Level. Skilled and semi-skilled labor fare somewhat better, but even with these mllpl there is evidence that in many ustries the man's are in- dequate to maintain their families on |ditions l l’!llfln.bh health and decency level Information from almost 60,000 wom- en on_their share in llmfly support. shows ‘that more than it of these women turned over all chelr urnl.m to the family. In another investigation, | of covering four widely separated cities, of g\er:r :obooa famil mk;:hlch the num- of bread winn per cent of the workers shfzde%lll there were no man wage earners in their families, and over one-fifth of the women were the sole bread winners. Of 458 working mothers who reported on thch‘ hulbnnds earnirigs in a study A w&n;m that mm:yl- vlnh 108 repol us. band ;:’rnl’ed as much as $30 8 week. Sickness and unemployment as’possible causes of reduction of the meager in- come hupg over the women like an awful dread. Single women also come in for a ton.sldenb]e share in family support. In a study of more than 17,000 unmar- ried women, 1 in every 5 was taking care of a family without any help lrom d 1 in every 11 STAR, WASHINGTON, Devotion to Family. It this service to the family were evaluated in relation to the earnings And to the al need of the woman would represent a spirit dfi'fihfi that is, to say the least, herof appraised in relation to the cost in human energy demanded of many of these women, it would indicate the need for State and National Gov- ernments to give more serjous attention to the problems of employed women than has been given in the pasf It cannot be emphasized too strongly that any discussion of woman's contri- bution fo the home that does not in- clude a reference to certain handicaps D. C, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15, 1999, ve piaced | BOLIVIA RAPS URUGUAY’S hfld’ fact offers pros! that the work women do and the service they render industry, home and community chnl- lenge the practice still obtaining to pa; ‘women a wage standard below that pn!d to men. As a matter of fact, this prac- tice is In part responsi' ‘e for the need that compels so many women to carry the double burden of breadwinner and hn;_:mlker. e general custom of paying wages on the basis of sex not only is unjust, but complicates home problems for vmmen. It 18 a relic of the dark ages, many women falled to place an eummmc value on productive labor done in the home. A double standard in wages is an unfair discrimination against woman workers, who, in matters of employment opportunities and equal pay, find chivalry a myth. ‘The ml]oflty of employed women are at a great disadvantage, either because the needs of their families are so great it | that they do not dare to bargain about & job for fear of losing out altogether orbcelu::d'.heym'l:: ung and in- experienc to choose or amon the jobs available. Because of love a, family and good citizenship many women just shoulder economic burdens caused by conditions that should not be permitted to exist. The stamina and the courage required to face the respon- sibilities shouldered would carry the ‘women far if greater opportunity would open up for them. CHACO DISPUTE PROPOSAL Plan Would Jeopardize Protocel Drawn in Washington, La Pas Officials Say. By the Associated Press. LA PAZ, Bolivia, January Il.-—'l‘h! ted that nation protocol drawn up tcm for conciliation ?:n the dispute. Uruguayan plan, pProposi reb\nldln‘ of Fort Ve guay and the abandonment of Fort no- ‘The its faith in the Washington protocol as the key to s satisfactory agreement be- tween the two countries. VTR, Teacher Gets Law Degree. N, N. J, January 15 (#).— Miss May Margaret Carty, public school teacher, is floor leader of the minority Democrats in the lower house of the Legisiature. She has received a degree from a law school, not in order to prac- tice, but because as a lawmaker she m’nmu she should know what she is doing. Excess acid is the common cause of indigestion. It results in pain and sourness about two hours after eating. The quick corrective is_an alkali which neutralizes acid. The best corrective is Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia. It remained stand- ard with physicians in the 50 years since its invention. One spoonful of Phillips' Milk of Magnesia neutralizes instantly many times its volume in acid. It is harm- less and tasteless and its action is quick. You will never rely on crude methods, never continue to when you learn how quickly, | leasantly this premier meth h lease let it show you—now. Il Be sure to get the genuine PHfl Milk of Ma nesia cribed by years in correctin| drug store. “Milk of Magnesia” has been U. S. Rcfitefld Trade Mark of ’th: Charles Phillips Chemical Cam- Fn{ and its predecessor Charles:H. hillips since 1875. Men’s $1.50 and $2.00 Sweaters Part-wool coat sweat- ers in light and dark mixtures, V-neck style, with two pockets. ken lots, alus 36 to 44. Street Floor $2.50 & $3.00 Kid Gloves ‘Women's fancy - cuff and slip-on (lovu in caj in and hln - and Nv'“h white -uw wh. Sizes up to 3! 8lightly mended. $2.00 Men’s Cape Gloves peskin hats, velvet hats and silk hats reduced for speedy clearance. Street Floor Sl 50 Coruts & Gn'dlu (Ill- w nlut.l 1 Rayon mw"&h mflhu. top An Lightly honld s!— 5% to. 56 79¢ lnndefln; & Brassieres Heavy part-wool shirts with long, sleeves, siges 40 to 48; ankle-length drawers, in sizes 32 34, 36, 38, 42 and 44. PFin- ed with sleeve and ankle O o ooy Sisen.30 o 43 Men’s 18c Socks, 8 prs. for ‘Medium-weight cotton fancy socks, with reinforced heels s and toes. Sizes 10 to 11%. 79¢ to $1.00 Mufflers, 2 for Broken lots men's oblong shape muffiers in rayon mix- s tures; genuine chenille and all-wool flannel. Men’s 39c & 50c Socks 4 Prs. for Rayon-and-lisle fancy socks, tton-and-wool secks, in )lal::l.l:eor n?lxvuru. Bizes 10 to 11%. Men’s $2 Shirts & Drawers Each | s | Men’s 79¢ Shirts & Drawers | 2 for | Ba hort-sleeve g gty o 48 aukle drawers, sizes 32 %o Also s drawers, it Titad atnieti shirts, sises 34 .to 44, and knee dnwn. -white and fancy shorts, aizes, 30 to 44. Men’s 79¢ Umu Suits, 2 for 79 Middy Blouses 2 for imc. with inset pocket and e slide 8 Sanitary Napkins 5 Boxes for Soluble and ab- sorbent. 12 to the box. Limit, 5 bole.l to a cus- tom Shmpcl Bclo)mi. Full size un- bleached spread in basket design. Street Floor. $9¢ Baby Pillows, 2 for Downy kapok pillows cover- ed with pink or blue sateen. ‘:n}_'m ‘wad .or knot. Size 13x17. 59¢ Baby Blankets, 2 for Fleecy, warm blankets in plain eolors or blocks of pink or blue. Size 30x40. G!e llhlts' Creepen, 2 for th, prints and M embroldered m enllnn and .Ifl 1to3. Sl.“ Crib Quilts Pllled with 100% pure cot- ton. White centers with nurs- ery patterns. Bound in pink or blue. Girls’ $1.98 Skirts Girls' novelty tweed skirts plnu on 7-inch yoke, Shaped t the form. Side-button- od. 27 to 33 waist measure- ment. Second Floor $1.25 Uniforms signs in Mirrors Infants’ $2 to $4 Shoes 300 pairs button and lace high shoes in tan and patent leather, Sizes 3 to 8. Women's Slippers ‘Women’s one-straj bllck kid sl ‘with 1 and heels. Sizes 3 to 8. Plain and decorated white, maize, green and blue. opportunity to replenish the boudoir at a ‘Economy News That Pays a Profit for the Reading Dollar Daq Pearl-on-Amber’ Toilet Pieces Worth $1.50 to $3.50 Purchase of beautiful and serviceable toilet articles to sell at an average of less than half price. Smart, new de- in pink, styles, What an Bed Room Slippers Wa-un’i ud satin lllp~ pers. wif -& mhn m— 3 w u Boyx 79¢ Blouses, 2 for ‘Tallored of broadcloth, in vhlu blue and tan, with at- tached collar, Sizes 6 to 15. 1 1 $3.00 Ingrain Made with picoted tops and Tegulars. $2.00 Fancy Heel Famous make 'ilhl heels and Prench 18¢ Unbleached Cotton 8 yds. for 39-inch heavy, serviceable unbleached cotton for mak- ing sheets, mattress covers and pillowcases. $1.25 Bed Sets 80x105 erinkled bedspread Gina stripes. 39¢ l’lllowcml, 4 for 45x36 pillowcases, made of excellent quality cotton with wide hems. Free from starch. 69¢ Pillow Ticks, 2 for Made of heavy art ticking and plain striped w:ktnf Pullym made—just slip the pil- $1.50 Tablecloths $0x50 Dupont fabrikoid ta- that ire 1 requ s g. In fancy colored Patterns. 75¢ Lace and Linen Scarfs, 2 for Plain and 1sce-trimmed $) Whl'l scarfs with pure linen J!e Turkish Towels, 4 for white Turkish bath wwl‘:l:‘.‘ heavy, absorbent qual- ¢ ",’1' at & remarkable economy price. 79¢ Rayon Slip Satin 2 yds. for 40-inch beautiful %I‘llflty te, mm-f\mmnel 18¢ Shaker Flannel 8 yds. for lofl! white lhlhr flannel, warmly fleeced sides. 39¢ Brnddndl. 5 ydn. Yard-wide Engliah broad- cloth, in white. A range of guaranteed fast colors. $1.39 Seamless Sheets onds, treet Floor w-en': Bloomers, 3 for Rayon stripe knit bloomers, in white and pink. Regular and extra sizes. Street Floor Pure Silk Hose Exquisitely sheer all-silk chiffon ingral and four-strand quality, “-nugfl:n the favorite colors. Full fashioned all-silk chiffon hose with twin-point and Mplwpoh‘ self heels and black heels. Slight ir- regulars 8].'0&31.1! Regular and Extra Size Silk Hose of pure silk full fashioned hose with heels. Blight hrregulars, Street Floor Full-Fashioned ingrain hose, three ch heels, Slight ir- Silk Hose service. man. $1.00 Wash Frocks 2 for The limit of low pricing for these attractive and service- able frocks! Of colorful cotton prints, dimity and voile. Dots, res and flcrll plturna ‘White or contrasting collars, vestees and r 1;: Straightline, two-piece effects and eircu- lar skirt vuh no lluvuu"u l;:ort sleeves, Sizes 14 to 20, 16 to 43. ALL 8. ORDERS. O C. O. D. OR PHONE Bargain Booth—Sireet Floor fabrics. Black, navy, fashionable prints. to 50. Second Floor Mllll $1.69 Work Pants Serviceable cotton work nts in dark mixtures, with 1t loops, cuff bottoms and wide-cut legs. 32 to 40 walst measures. Men’s 50c Ties, 3 for Large selection of four-in- hand tles in large and small patterns of all colors, Men’s Nightshirts All siges 16 to 20 in night- shirta of heavy flannelette and_genuine broadcloth, cut y full throughout. 1 Meln 39¢ & 50c Ties 4 for Large selection of four-in- §} hands in colors and patterns to please every man's fancy. Children’s Union Suits, 2 for Comfortable knit _union suits with walst sttachment. d ngths. Sises $5 and *6 Dresses A quick selling reduction on smart dresses of washable rayon fabrics, flat crepe, novelty print- ed weaves and all-wool striped Many popular styles. brown and the Sizes .95 10 Men’s Work Shirts, 2 for Blue chambray shirts with attached collar, two pockets, and triple - stitched ~seams. Sizes 14% to 16%5. Van Heusen Collars, 4 for Perfect quality, all sizes, 14 to 17. Van Jack, Van Nom Van ‘Glow, Van $) 4t & customer, Men’s Rlbbed Shirts and Drawers, 2 for Heavy ribbed long-sleeve shirts and ankle drawers in ecru and random. Broken sizes. ) . o Men’s $1.50 Union Suits Elastic-ribbon cotton _suits, sizes 38 to 46. Long sleeves, ankle length; sleeve and an- s kle cuffs. Ecru and random. Extra Size Hose, 2 Prs. for Burson and other makes, in heavy rayon-and-lisle _and silk-and-rayon mixed hose. Slight irregulars. Street 1,400 MEN’S SHIRTS In High-Grade Broadcloth, Madras and Other Standard Materials GOOD shirts in every way—and every shirt PERFECT. Collar attached, sepa- rate collar to match and neckband shirts, guaranteed for proper fit and satisfactory Plain colors, neat stripes and novelty figured patterns to please every Sizes 14 t0 17. gtreet Floor 1 sl so Cootm Slips costume top shadow hem. Sizes 36 to 59¢ Costume Slips, 2 for ‘White muslin slips trimmed with handmade laces or hem- 69¢ Porto Rican Gowns, 2 for ‘White, flesh and peach bat- iste gowns, handmade, hand- emmu-um-mm sq\unln:h. ll-“hfl. 59¢ Flannelette Bloomers 2 for nelette, ue'lkntly made with full allowance of material. 59¢- Flannelette Skirts, 2 for Heavy mm: flannelette skirts, straightline style, with g;lm. top and ruffied 6 boys’ eolu of all-wool mixtures. -bflu n ly lined. an suits that leld !or $5.95 to $10. Sizes 8 Boys' $3.98 Slicker Raincoats Genuine Tower’s Fish brand sjickers, in black, green and yellow. Sizes 4 to 16. Boys’ $1.50 & $2 Wash Suits Button-on suits of broad- cloth, linen, Peggy eloth and chambray, trimmed with eon- trasting colors. Sizes $ to 8. Boys’ Hats and Caps, Z for All-wool caps, sizes 6% to 3]. 7; all-wool hats, some with ear flaps, also & few knitted caps; 79¢ to $1.50 values. Boys’ Kliclm'l, 2 for Sizes 4 to 12, S 79¢ Silk-and-Rayon Hose 2 Prs. for Perfect quality. Temptation and other brands with pointed and square heels, including twin-point black heels. All colors. Rayon Underwear, 2 for Beautitul rayon }flwmd.:d r}g" , in tal- ored and lace trimmed styles. Pastel shades. Street Floor Boys’ 51.50 Knickers Sizes 8 to 16 in well tal- lored woolen knickers, fully lined, and corduroy knickers, unlined. - Boys’ Pajamas Boys' $1.25 and $1.50 pa- jamas in flannelette, madras, broadcloth and cotton pongee. One-plece style, sizes 4 to 14; two-plece style, sizes 8 to 18. Boys’ $1.50 Sweaters Pull-over sweaters in fancy patterns, also in plain navy with faney trim. Sizes 28 to 36. o o N Boys’ Indian Suits Indian chief play suits of khaki, tr‘l’m:wf {n bfi‘gfi colors. TFeathered headdress. Pajamas 2 for One-plece flannelette [ pajs in neat ' 0 n with 1 trv—. Sizes l $1.95 Oil Mop Combination Consisting of 75¢ ofl mop and two 00c bottles pelish, 31 50 Curtain Strips 7ards long and 80 inches wu. .ed.lmt quality fish- net in ecru only. $1.25 Luggage Week end cases mnmmnm $1.29 Cocoa Mats the 'aoum-mu o porches and $1.50 RIM Tie-Backs Tie-back curtains with wide and double-rumed valance, 1 1 1 1 1 $1.00 Window Shades, 2 for Seconds of genuine olled opague shades in green, white and eeru. $1.50 Folding Card Tables Strongly made folding tables with composition tops and metal corners. $1.25 Plaited Rugs 1 ‘The popular woven plaited fi?dum;e. .n!.l: P n:;:nbh Py 50c Rayon Marquisette | L — 39¢ Certainteed Mats, 3 for 18x36 Oertainteed folt-base mats, in pretty combination colors. 59¢ Hall Runner, 8 yds. for Genuine Certainteed felt- base hall runner, in & va- riety of attractive patterns. Third Floer Smart New Scarfs New arrivals in pleated, triangular and long silk erepe and mercerized scarfs in beautiful colorings. Handkerchiefs, 12 for 1,200 assorted handker- chiefs, worth 13%c to 18c. and children’s Of caracul, thibetine, coney and mouffion, in black, brown, beige and grey. Dresser Scarfs Dresser and radio scarfs of filet and petit point lace and embroidered 36 and 45 inches long and 17 inches Georgette Crepe, yd. Children’s Shoes 200 pairs oxfords, straps . and high shoes in black, tan and combinations. Sizes 8 Women's Felt Slippers 2 prs. for Sizes 4 to 8, n felt siippers §| Popular eolors. Second Floor e iree I ulars. Leading colors. 25¢ Children’s Hose, 5 Prs. for ! standard makes of long derby- ribbed and plain-ribbed hose. Misses’ Silk Hon. 2 Prs. ir ol Sisy token J0ta of gr-h vlsln and Ium Tayon soles and ribbo: Children’s Rayon Hose 50c long ra sizes 6% m 9%. Buster Brown and other s1 39¢ Boys’ Golf Hose, 4 l’n for! Wom-’l Union Suits, 2 for