Evening Star Newspaper, January 1, 1930, Page 33

Review of the Year MEXICAN REVOLT AND ROW IN MANCHURIA ONLY WARS Uprising in Palestine Cost Many Lives. Hoover’s Business Conference Restores Confidence After Stock Crash. BY EDWARD W. PICKARD. ANY happenings contributed to mlk\nzpptehe year 1929 highly human events, and at times exciting for some of the par- ticipants therein. First in international importance were the long strides taken toward the establishment of peace and amity throughout the world. These were the unprecedented visit of Prime Minister Macdonald to Great Britain to President Hoover, followed by the announcement that under their ad- ministrations the two great English- speaking nations would co-operate to prevent war, and by the invitation to France, Italy and Japan to participate with the United States and Britain in another conference for naval limita- | tion; the formal acceptance of the Kel- | logg-Briand pact by nearly all natio the readjustment of German repal tions by the Young commission, the liquidation of other World War prob-‘ lems and the beginning of the evacua- tion of the Rhineland by the allies. interesting to the observers of | in response to this request, but mean- while negotiations had begun between | Moscow and the provincial government | of Manchuria and Moscow resented the | American note as unnecessary and “not | & friendly action.” ‘The Nationalist government of China made repeated attempts to persuade the United States and other powers to sur- render their extraterritorial rights in China, but with small success. Italy and the Vatican at Peace. Early in February negotiations for the resumption of friendly relations between Italy and the Vatican were completed and a treaty was signed by which Italy recognized the full sover- eignty of the Pope and the quarrel which had lasted 50 years was ended. The separation of church and state in Italy was made official, and the Vati- can, with some adjacent land, given the status of an independent state. It was called “Vatican City” and Pius XI promulgated a constitution for it. One other old quarrel was settled amicably through the efforts of Presi- dent Hoover. This was the Tacna- Mars Almost Idle. Mars was_almost idle throughout | the year. The only serious armed conflicts were the “unofficial” war in | Manchuria between the Chinese and | Russians; the perennial civil war in China; a bloody but futile rebellion jn Mexico, snd a bitter struggle for| the throne of Afghanistan. An upris- ing of Arabs against Jews in Pales- tine cost many lives but was speedily quelled by the British. In the United States the most talked- of event was the collapse in the Autumn of inflated stock prices on the ex- changes, which took from a host of am- ateur speculators paper profits of many billions of dollars. The calamitous de- pression that might have resulted was averted when President Hoover called into conference the leaders of industry, finance and labor and obtained their pledges to support his program for con- tinued and prosperity. At the same time Secretary of the Treasury Mellon announced that the administra- tion would recommend that corpora- tion and individual income tax rates for 1929 be reduced by 1 per cent, and this plan was supported by leaders of both parties and acted on with celerity by Congress in December. In its spe- | cial session during the Summer Con- gress enacted a farm relief law and a Federal farm board acting under its provisions was soon in operation with ample funds to ald the agriculturists. The also passed a tariff bill, rais- ing many of the rates; but the Senate, controlled by a coalition of Democrats and radical Republicans, rewrote the measure on other lines and the con- troversy went over to the regular session that opened on December 2. ERNATIONAL When Gen. Chatles Gates Dawes, after doing a little job of revising the public finances of Santo Dcmingo, went to England as American Ambassador, he immediately began conversations with e Minister Ramsay MacDon- ald with § view of clearing up the dif- ferences #htween the United States and Great ain concerning limitation of naval a for anof conference of the chief naval %ers. The two statesmen found agreement easy, and early in Oc- tober Mr. MacDonald came over to dis- cuss that and allied questions with President Hoover. Their conversations were equally satisfactory and they an- nounced that the two nations would re- mnounce, war with each other and co- operate to preserve peace throughout the world. The spirit cf good will in- fused all their utterances, and even the suspicious Fronch were reassured when both Mr. Hoover and Mr. Mac- Donald declared this Anglo-American entente was not designed to take the least advantage of any other nation.|with ample promises, and the Labor- | bility were The ground thus being made ready. ance, Italy and Japan were invited participate in a conference in Lon- don in January for the purpose of ex- tending and supplementing the Wash- ington treaty of 1922, They were told that the British and American govern- ments still desired the abolition of the submarine but recognized that no final settlement on this subject could be reached except in conference with the other naval powers. It was made plain that the Americans and British felt fairly sure they could agree on the matter of cruiser limitation. Ac- ceptances from all were quite mpt, but it was evident France would cling | to the submarine and that Italy prob- ably would support her in this. In other respects those two nations found it hard to reach a preliminary under- standing owing mainly to their rivalry | in the Mediterranean. President Hoover named, as Amer- fcan delegates to the conference, Sec- retary of State Stimson, Secretary of the Navy Adams, Ambassadors Dawes, Morrow and Gibson, and Senators Reed of Pennsylvania and Robinson of Ar- kansas, Adjustment of Reparations, German reparations were readjust- | ed by the commission of international | experts headed by Owen D. Young of | the United States, and the plan of- fered was accepted by all nations con- | cerned, though Germany professed to | be disappointed with it and Great Britain would not accept the division of payments at first suggested. The Germans were consoled by the result- ing evacuation of the Rhineland long before the time set by the treaty of Versallles. Withdrawals from two of the occupled zones was completed late in the year, and by the middle of De- cember all the British troops had de- | pai One of the most important features of the Young plan was the setting up in Basel, Switzerland, of a Bank of | International Settlements, The allied nations and Germany settled most of the remaining World War_questions, including the payments to Belglum for the wcrthless German | marks left in that country. Premier Briand of France, being then in an | optimistic mood, presented to the rep- ' resentatives of 28 European countries his plan for a federation of the conti- nental powers, asking that it b> sub- mitted to their governments. It was Teceived politely and widely discussed, | Russia and China, disputing over the control and management of the Chinese Eastern Railway, came to blows along the Manchurian borders, and though | there was no declaration of war, tl fighting continued for months. The Russians were the aggressors, making frequent raids into Chinese territory troying & number of towns. expectatly the ‘opjects Of Ut Attacks: of attacks. Finally, late in November, China ap- pealed to the powers to persuade Russia to abide by the Kellogg-Briand pact, which both Rustia end China had it President Hoove™ led the way Arica dispute between Chile and Peru. The territory was divided and every one was satisfled except Bolivia, which had hoped for an outlet to the sea. Elthu Root’s formula for adhesion of the United States to the Court of In- ternational Justice, commonly known as the World Court, was accepted by the League of Nations and the court itself. It satisfies in the main the reservation long ago made by the Senate, but it will be necessary for that body to pass on the matter again. protocol was signed in December on behalf of Presi- dent Hoover by J. P. Moffat, American charge d'affaires at Berne, Switzerland. Conference Without Result. The preparatory disarmament com- mission of the League of Nations met in Geneva in April, the United States being represented by Ambassador Gib- son who announced that his govern- ment was willing to reduce all classes of war vessels, to accept the French proposals on land disarmament as basis for discussion, and to withdraw its op- position to accumulation of reserve war material. After long debate the con- ference broke up without definite result. ‘The tenth annual meeting of the League of Nations opened September 2 and was considered the most important it has ever held, the widest range of international subjects being discussed and put on the way to settlement. Peru, Jugoslavia and Poland were elected to seats in the council. Among treaties signed during the year was one between the United States and Canada for joint projects at Niagara Falls, and one between Bolivia and ay for conciliation of their border tes. On January 5 20 nations signed a new Pan-Ameri treaty of arbitration and conciliatfon. The Roman Catholic Church and . the government of Mexico announced on June 2 that they had reached a peace agreement which should go far to im- prove conditions in Mexico. In January the high council of the Salvation Army, in session in England, voted to depose Gen. Bramwell Booth from the command because it was thought ill health had made him in- competent. The old general fought the decision through the courts, but on ‘ment and preparing the way | pepruary 13 he was finally ousted and | cabinet resigned. Eduard Daladier tried Edward J. Higgins was elected to suc- ceed him. FOREIGN Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's British _government grew _ steadily weaker through the first part of the year bscause of unemployment, hous- ing, pensions, taxes and a dozen other domestic blems which it could not meet to the satisfaction g’ t;,:le ;\:'33;\, David George put e - nated ll.ul"ge,rdll party in the limelight ites looked forward to the general elec- tions of May 30 with a confidence that was fairly justified. When the ballots were counted it was found that the Conservatives had been badly defeated, s0 Baldwin and his cabinet resigned. No one party had secured a clear ma- jority in the House of Commons, but the Laborites were strongest. There- fore Ramsay MacDonald was given the post of prime minister and proceeded to form a new government. The port- folio of minister of labor was given to Miss Margaret Bondfield, the first woman to enter a British cabinet. She was one of 14 women elected to Parlia- ment. Arthur Henderson was put at the head of the foreign office. Liberals Hold Balance of Power. The Liberals had elected 59 mem- bers and held the balance of power. They virtually agreed to support the Labor government so long as the policies it put forward were not to0 soclalistic; and it was freely predicted that Mr. MacDonald’s chiet troubles would come from the radical members of his party. His plans for the al- leviation of unemployment were almost upset in July when the great cotton in- dustry was tied up by a strike that involved 500,000 operatives and closed 1,800 mills in the Lancashire area. The prime minister took an active personal I part in the settlement of this trouble. He also made progress toward ending the old disputes between the coal mine operators and their employees. One of the government's decisions that met with general approval was to resume full diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia. This seemed reason- able, since trade relations between the two nations had existed for some time. The Labor cabinet was equally suc- cessful in most of its other foreign policies. King George adually recovered from the serious illness that overtook him in the Autumn of 1928, and finally resumed his royal duties, to the great joy of his_affectionate people. The Prince of Wales disposed of his sta- ble of hunters and settled down to a more active participation in public affairs, but still gave no signs of inten- tion to take a bride. France Reasonably Prosperous. France had a fairly prosperous year, | her people fattening on big crops, | reparations and American tourists and | amusing themselves as always with the | game of litics. Premier Poincare continued office, despite ill health, until he had secured the ratification of the war debt agreements with the United States and Great Britain. This action was taken by the Parliament on July 26, and M. Poincare, who had so long and so well served his country, immediately resigned. Aristide Briand, veteran cabinet member, was\ made premier, and as the radical Socialists refused to participate, he made no changes in the ministers. Under his rule ive measures against the Communists were continued with vij |2nd their meetings of protest re {broken up by the police. Through the v he 2 WITH SUNDAY MORFING EDITION ening Star. WASHINGTON, D. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 1 1930. » .M A. 5 A NEw HAND ), 7/ 1 -RAY ‘STORAGE FIRE IN RS A TR IN 124 DEATHS- Summer unemployment was almost non-existent, and in August a French commission reached an agreement with the government of Rumania by which 10,000 laborers were to be transported from that country to France. Briand and Cabinet Resign. In October Briand’s support in the Chamber of Deputies dwindled, and on the 22nd of that month he and his in vain to form a new government, and the job was then done successfully by Andre Tardieu. Briand remained in the cabinet as foreign minister and it seemed that his policies would be curl'ed forward by the Tardieu govern- ment. Germany continued her persistent struggle upward, and with marked suc- cess, especially after the promulgation of the Young plan for reparations which gave a decided boost to busi- ness conditions. The republican gov- ernment was constantly attacked by the monarchists and other groups, but stood up well. Its strength and sta- isplayed at an impressive demonstration on’ August 11, the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the ‘Weimar constitution. The Communists were generally kept under strict con- trol, though on May day they staged bloody riots in Berlin and other cities. The liberation of the Rhineland from allied occupation, though not complete, was the occasion of great rejoicing throughout the country. Stresemann’s Death Deplored. The death of Dr. Gustav Stresemann on October 3 was described as a politi- cal catastrophe for Germany, for he was admittedly her ablest political leader since Bismarck. To him goes most of the credit for restoring his country’s position in international affairs and for saving the republic from its enemies within. He was & most insistent advo- cate of the peaceful settlement of the post-war disputes, but never overlooked the interests of the fatherland. Austria, still poverty stricken and rather despondent, kept up the agita- tion for political union with Germany, which the allies oppose, and observers felt this already had been accomplished in some respects, economic and admin- istrative. The struggle between the So- clalists and Conservatives was unremit- ting and resulted in several changes, of government. Streeruwitz was chancel- lor for a time during the Summer, but in September he and his ministers were forced to resign by the demands of the Pascists, bitterest foes of the Socialists, for constitutional changes designed to | cripple the power of the latter, The | new premier was Johann Schober, for- merly police president of Vienna, and his cabinet was moderate but strong and eminently democratic. Dr. Hai- risch, former President of the Republic, took the rtfolio of commerce and communications. Fascism Grows Stronger. Premier Mussalini of Italy, quite scornful of his detractors, further strengthened the power of Fascism, if that were possible. The new legisla ture was set up early in the year, and in April the Duce assumed full control of the regulation of capital and labor. Not having much confidence in disar- mament conferences, the premier took steps to make Italy’s armed forces more efficient, and declared that while the nation desired peace with all the world it was spiritually prepared to face any crisis. The settlement of the old quarrel with the Vatican was & feather in his cap, but later develop- ments showed that much bitterness re- mained. In December the King and Queen paid their first visit to Pope Pius XI in the Vatican. Their progress through the streets of Roms was a grand pageant, but the conversation with the Pope was in private, | Afghanistan achieved the front page 1 at various times during the year. King ! Amanullah found that the Western re- | forms he tried to introduce were caus- ing such violent opposition that he re- scinded them in January and abdicated in favor of his brother. The rebellious tribesmen were still not satisfled, and ER 15 DRY YEAR SREAT BRITAIN WINS SCHNEIDER CUP TROPHY 'WITH SPEED OF 3528 MILES -PER HOUR. McDonaLp PAYS UNCLE SAM A VISIT. " %.,22’ #Irwu‘:ls'/ * ‘y /-/ Anew: SPEND ABROA RFTER HIM AGAIN - \ \\ DAWES TAKES ShNTo“DOMlNGO Khan they captured Kabul, the capital, and drove out the new King. Habibul- lah, who really was Bacha Sakao, a bandit, assumed the crown and lasted until October, when Nadir Khan occu- pied Kabul and proclaimed himself King. Bacha was taken prisoner and executed. Race War in Palestine. Palesiine was the scene of a bloody uprising of the Arabs against the Jews in August, and many of the latter race were massacred in Jerusalem and other laces. The immediate cause of the out- reak was a dispute over the Wailing ‘Wall which the Jews have used for cen- turies as a place of prayer, but it goes back to the deep resentment of the Arab against the British mandate and the predominance of Jewish influence in the government of a country which they consider belongs to them. The local au- thorities were unable to stop the fight- ing, so the British stepped in with war- ships, troops and airplanes and speed- ily forced the belligerents to cease their killings and depredations. The situation in the Holy Land was still considered 30 serious that the British government sent out a_commission of inquiry. | Chipa’s Nationalist government, be- | sides the quarrel with Russia, had to| contend with the seemingly unending civil warfare that keeps the huge na- tion relatively powerless. This eonflict died down and revived several times during the twelvemonth, and in Do- cember reached perhaps its most seri- ous stage. The rebels at this tfme con- sisted of the Kwangsi province army and the independent body known as the “Ironsides Division,” commanded by Gen. Chang Fak-wel. These two forces were advancing on Canton from the west and the north, and the gov- ernment was compelled to withdraw large numbers of troops from Man- | churia to meet them. Revolution in Mexico. Mexico's annual revolutionary out- break came in March and spread rap- idly in 8 or 10 states, becoming really formidable, though belittled by President Portes Gil. The rebels were under the general leadership of Escobar, while Gen. Calles, minister of war, led the government force€ in person. For weeks there was bloody fighting in Orizaba, Monterey, Juarez, Manzanillo, Jiminez and Torreon, with fortune favoring first one side and then the other. Gen. Jesus Aguirre, rebel leader in Vera | Cruz, was captured and executed, and on April 3 the federal forces won a great victory at Reforma. By the end of April the rebellion was in collapse, and generals by the dozen were fleeing across the United States border. With this off its hands, the government pro- ceeded to squelch the “religious rebels” who had been active, especially along the west coast. ‘The presidential election was held on November 17, and resulted in victory Ortiz Rubio, candidate of the Grand Revolutionary, or govern- ment, party, over Vasconcelos of the Anti-Re-election party. The election itself was reasonably qulet, but was pre- ceded by sanguinary riots in many cities. ¥ During the last two months of its life the Seventieth Congress passed a number of necessary and wise measures, including the Army and Navy supply bills, the bill authorizing the construc- tion' of 15 cruisers, and one providing for deportation of allen gunmen and bootleggers. Resolutions were adopted ordering a survey of the Nicaragua canal route and giving Federal approval to the Chicago Centennial Exposition of 1033, and the Senate ratified the Kellogg-Briand pact outlawing war. Another measure passed both houses that was looked upon by a considerable part of the citizenry as neither neces- sary nor wise. This was the Jones bill to punish offenders against the Volstead law by & maximum of $10,000 fine or five years in prison or both. The bitter op- position of the wets was appsased scme- under the leadership of one Habibullah what by an amendment staiing that : » Congress did not intend that such severe penalties should be imposed for slight or casual violations. Then came Herbert Hoover, who, with Charles Curtis as Vice President, was inaugurated as Chief Executive on March 4. In a vigorous inaugural ad- dress the new President promised that his campaign pledges would be fulfilled, and dwelt especially on the problems of law enforcement, farm relief and the tariff. He announced that the first of these would be subjected to a searching investigation by a national commission which he would appoint, and urged Congress to do its duty in respect to the others. Mr. Hoover's cabinet was headed by Henry L. Stimson as Secretary of State and contained two hold-overs—Secre- tary of the Treasury Mellon and Sec- retary of Labor Davis. The names of Mellon and Davis were not submitted to the Senate for confirmation, and a little later the foes of the head of the Treasury tried in vain to impeach his right to hold the portfolio. Farm Relief and Tariff. The Precident called Congress to meet in spectal session on April 15, ask- ing that it confine itself to passing bills for the relief of agriculture and revising the tariff especially for the benefit of farmers and industries that had not been prosperous. The House in 10 da: passed the Haugen farm relief bill; and on May 28 it gave its approval to the | Hawley tariff measure, which revised most of the schedules and generally in- creased duties. In the Senate the Republican radicals and the Democrats insisted on putting in the McNary farm-relief measure a provision for the debenture or export subsidy plan, though they knew this would not be accepted by President Hoover. In this shape the bill was passed on May 14, and for a month the House and Senate conferees struggled over it, the House finally winning and the debenture scheme being eliminated. Mr. Hoover signed the measure on June 15, and soon after named the members of the Federal Farm Board authorized by the act. Alexander Legge of Chicago, president of the International Harvester Co., was appointed chairman, and the board proceeded to promote the forma- tion of farmers' co-operatives, which would be aided with loans from a re- volving fund of $150,000.000 that had been voted by Congress. This work con- tinued throughout the year, meeting with general approval. Tangle Over Tariff Revision. ‘With the question of tariff revision the Senators got tangled up in a fight that seemed interminable. A coalition of Democrats and radical Republicans was formed that succeeded in tearing to pleces the bill reported by the Sen- ate committee, which resembled that passed by the House. This anomalous majority professed to be acting for the farmers and even inserted in the tariff measure the export debenture plan. The rewriting of the bill could not be com- pleted before Thanksgiving, and so was passed on to the regular session that opened on December 2. In their spare time during the Au- tumn the Senators investigated the ac Livities of lobbyists, especially those con- cerned with tariff rates, and from somc witnesses, notably Joseph Grundy of Pennsylvania, they heard comments on them and their doings that were not pleasing. President Hoover on May 20 ap- pointed his commission on law enforce- ment, consisting of 11 eminent men and women, with George W. Wickersham as chairman. It was understood this com- mission would take several years for its investigation, making recommendations from time to time. Stock Market Collapse. ‘The great debacle mentioned in the introductory, p-nt:-ph- came in late October and continued for two weeks. It was the culmination of many months of frenzied gambling by amateur spec- ulators in a sensationally rising mar- ket. Prices fell rapidly and paper zrom.l of about $70,000,000,000 van- hed. The Government could do no- thing to check the collapse, but when | normal levels had been reached Presi- dent Hoover came forward with a program for the stabilization of business and industry and the continuation of normal levels had been reached Presi- dent Hoover came forward with a pro- gram for the stabilization of business prosperity the country had been enjoy- ing. He called groups of leaders in all lines to conferences in Washington and received from them assurances that they and their organizations would co- operate with his plans. At a final meet- ing of big industriailsts and financiers A permanent committee was named to watch out for weak spots in business and lg&ly remedies. In his message read to the first reg- ular session of the Seventy-first Con- gress the President expressed the confi- dence that the measures taken had re- established confidence and that a very large degree of unemployment had been prevented. He recommended increased expenditures for waterways, buildings and other public works, and asked Con- gress to authorize the income tax cut of 1 per cent, effective for one year. The President also dwelt at length on the matter of law enforcement, declaring | it to be the most important issue before the people and recommending various changes to help the enforcement of | prohibition. Tax Reduction Bill Passed. | The House speedily passed the tax | duction_resolution and the Senate cepted it in due time. One of the first acts of the Upper House was the adop- tion of a resolution which denied a seat in the Senate to William S. Vare of Pennsylvania on the ground of corrup- tion and fraud in his nomination and election three years previously. Gov. Fisher promptly appointed Joseph Grundy to fill the vacant seat, and he was sworn in after being severely casti- gated by a number of Senators. Riotous demonstrations against Pres- ident Borno of Haiti and his American advisers broke out in December. The United States Marines were constrained to shoot down a few natives and Pre™N- dent Hoover asked Congress to authorize the appointment of a commission to study the unsatisfactory conditions on the island. Secretary of War James W. Good died on November 18, and Patrick J. Hurley of Oklahoma, who had been assistant secretary, was given the portfolio. Diplomats Appointed. Mr. Hoover's diplomatic appointments were highly commended. He sent Gen. Charles Gates Dawes to London. Sen- ator Walter E. Edge to Paris, John W. Garrett to Rome, Geritt Jy Diekema to Brussels, Henry F. Guggenhelm to Cuba, Irwin B. Laughlin to Madrid, Charles C. Hart to Persia and A. B. Geissler to Siam; Dwight F. Davis, farmer Secretary of War, was appointed Governor General of the Philippines; ‘Theodore Roosevelt, jr., was made Gov- ernor of Porto Rico and Lawrence M. Judd Governor of Hawail. There were echoes from time to time of the oil scandals. The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Harry F. Sin- clair for contempt of the Senate and of court and he was in prison from May 6 until November 20. Albert B. Fall, former Secretary of the Interior, was found guilty of bribery in the oil lease cases and was sentenced to one year in prison and $100,000 fine. American Legion Convention. The annual convention of the Amer- ican Leglon was held In Louisville and ©O. L. Bodenhamer of Oklahoma was elected commander. The Grand Army of the Republic met in Portland, Me., and chose E. J. Foster of Worcester, Mass,, as its commander in chief. An interesting event was the celebra- tion on October 21 of the golden jubilee Shilises worid ‘seche Ad the casion, civi world ‘recogn! e oc 3 but the big doings were at Henry Ford's reconstructed old-time village near De- troit, President Hoover, Mr. Edison and a host of other notables being the auto- mobile manufacturer's guests. While in the Middle West the Pres- ident took part in the celebration of the completion of canalization of the Ohio River, dellverlnfi addresses at Cincinnati and Louisville. There were two elections that at. tracted espacial attention. In Virginia € PEACE MOVES PAGE C—1 STAND OUT IN 1929 ACCOMPLISHMENT¢ France, Italy and J apan Accept Invita- tion to London Parley—Many Nations Adopt Kellogg-Briand Pact.. the regular Democrats defeated a coali- tion of Republicans and anti-Smith Democrats led by Bishop Cannon. In New York Jimmie Walker was re- elected mayor, easily beating Congress- man La Guardia and other aspirants. Other elections in various parts of the country indicated that the Democratic party was regaining strength. | DISASTERS Worst of the year’s disasters, meas- ured in lives lost, was an earthquake in Persia early in May in which about 3,000 persons perished. It was closely followed by quakes in Turkey that killed scores more. Temblors in New Zealand in June took many lives and did vast damage. The usual Caribbean tornado came in September, ravaging the Bahamas and then sweeping through Florida, which suffered severely. Most noteworthy of the other disas- ters were: In January—Chinese steam- er foundered, 300 lives lost; Cumana, Venezuela, destroyed by earthquake; 13 killed in motor bus and trolley car col- lision near Bellevue, Ohio; 12 died in mine explosion at Kingston, W. Va. In February—Tornado in Central South fatal to 21. In March—Twenty-five killed by munitions explosion in Sofia, Bulgaria: 100 died in landslide in Ma- deira Islands; disastrous floods in the Southeastern States, scores bein drowned; train wreck in Ontario kille 20; 50 died in mine explosion near Par- nassus, Pa.; movie theater fire near Moscow, Russia, killed 114. In April— Disastrous annd fatal storms in Wis- consin, Minnesota, Arkansas, the South- ern States and along the Atlantic coast; Japanese steamship sank with 100. In May—Tornadoes in seven States took 38 lves; poison gas from burning X-ray films in a Cleveland clinic killed i25. In June—Eruption of Mount Vesuvius made thousands home- less, and in Japan volcanic outbursts destroyed four towns and killed many persons. In July—Twenty-three lives lost when one British submarine ram- med and sank another; Chilean trans- port sank in storm, 41 drowning. In August—Explosion in Japanese coal mine killed 75; 74 drowned when steamer San Juan was sunk in collision offt California. In September—One hundred lives lost when Finnish steam- er capsized; freight steamer Andaste went down in Lake Michigan with 25; 20 killed in Detroit cabaret fire. In ber—Norweglan steamer foundered with 44; car ferry lost in Lake Michi- gan storm, 57 drowning; steamers Wis- consin and Senator sank in Lake Michi- gan with total loss of 25 lives. In No- vember—Volcanic eruptions in Guate- mala destroyed two towns and killed about 50; earthquake along New Eng- land and Canadian coast followed by tidal ve that killed scores in New- foundland; Nantasket Beach, Ma swept by conflagration. In December— Sclentific yacht Carnegie of Carnegie Institution burned Apla, Samoa; 10 burned to death in movie studio fire in New York; storms on European coast of Atlantic costing many lives. SPORTS Base ball lovers were treated to a close contest in the National League, the Chicago Cubs finally winning the pennant. In the American League the Philadelphia Athletics were easily first and in the world series the Athletics won four of the first five games and the world championship. In college foot ball there were a lot of upsets. The championship of the Western Conference was captured by Purdue for the first time, Illinois, the previous year’s champions, ranking sec- ond. Harvard defeated Yale in the game which climaxes the season in the Last. Notre Dame, Pittsburgh, Tulane 2nd Purdue finished their season un- defeated. In intersectional games Notre Dame and 1lllinois beat West Point, Chicago beat Princeton, Michigan whip- ped Harvard and Notre Dame defeated Southern California. New records for the 100-yard dash and the 220-yard hurdles were made by Tolan of Michigan and Rockaway of Ohio State, respectively, at the West- ern Conference track meet, the cham- plonship being won by Illinois. At that time the University of Towa was expelled from the conference, effective January 1, 1930, on charges of the subsidizing of athletes. Golf continued to increase in popu- larity, and in the erican amateur championship tournatment the title was lost by Bobby Jones, going to Harrison R. Johnston of St. Paul, Minn. Jones, however, took the national open title after a tie with Al Espinosa. Other chln‘;glunlhlpl were won as follows: British Open, Walter Hagen; French, Horton Smith: British Women's, Joyce Wethered; British Amateur, Cyril Tol- ley; Western Amateur, Don' Moe: Met- ropolitan Open, Bill Mehlhorn; Western Open. Tommy Armour; Women's West- ern, Mrs. O. 8. Hill. The British pro- fessionals took the Ryder Cup from the | American team. French Win Again at Tennis. ‘The superlative tennis players of France again won the Davis cup. defeat. | ing the Americans in the final matches. Lacoste also captured the French title | and Cochet the British. The American | woman players did better than the men, | for their team won the Wightman tro- | phy from the English and Helen Wills retained the French and Wimbledon titles. Helen also captured the Ameri- can women's champlonship, that for mu;‘n going to Bill Tilden for the seventh e. The prize fighting of the year was far from sensational. Jack Sharkey Wwhipped Stribling at Miami Beach in February, and in September he defeated Tommy Loughran, who had held the light-heavyweight title through a num- ber of battles. Jackie Fields beat Joe ! Dundee for the welterweight belt, Man- dell, lightweight ~ champion, whipped Canzoneri and Battalino took the featberweight title away from Andre Routis. No heavyweight champion was | found. Clyde Van Duzen won the Kentucky Derby, Windy City the American Derby and Trigo, a long shot, the English Derby. Maj. H. O. D. Seagraves, an English racing driver, made a new automobile ) record of 231 Miles an hour at iytona Beach, Fla. Ray Keech won the Indianapolis 500-mile race and two weeks later was killed in a race at Al- toona, Pa. commander of the allied armies: Georges Clemenceau, the “Tiger,” premier during the later years of the war, and Gen. Sarrall, the defender of Verdun. Among the Germans who passed were Field Marshal Liman von Sanders, commander cf the German forces in Turkey, and Dr. Gustav Stresemann, the eminent statesman who was German foreign minister at the time of his death. Myron T. Her- rick, beloved American Ambassador to France during the great conflict and at the time of his demise, passed away in March. Three United States Sen- ators, Theodore E. Burton of Ohio, L. D. Tyscn of Tennessee and F. E. War- ren of Wyoming, and James W. Good, Seceretary of War, were among Amer- lca’s noted dead. Other notables who died in 1920 were: In January: Grand Duke Nicholas, chief claimant to_throne of Russia, George L. (Tex) Rickard, sports pro- moter; Henry Arthur Jones, English dramatist; Casper Whitney, author and editer; Former Senator Oscar W. Underwood of Alabama; Ogden Milis, New York financier; Count Chinda, Japanese statesman; Sophie Irene Loch, author; R. L. Slagle, president of Uni- versity of South Dakota. In February: Maria Christina, Queen Mother of Spain; Edwin Denby, former Secretary of the Navy; Lily Langtry, Lady de Bathe; Melville E. Stone, jour- nalist; Vice Admiral Sir Francis Bridge- man of England; Prank Keenan, actor; Mrs. Ogden Goelet of New York; Rev. Newell Dwight Hillis, pulpit orator; Harvey O'Higgins, author and play- wright. Railroad Head Dies. In March: Harrison M. Wild, musi- cian; Thomas Taggart, Indiana Demo- cratic leader; Moses Clapp, former Senator from Minnesota; D. D. Buick, automobile pioneer; Allen R. Pond, architect; Samuel Rea, former president of the Pennsylvania Rallway; Ex-Gov. W. R. Stubbs of Kansas; Brander Mat- thews, author. In April: E. Lester Jones, director of United States Coast and Geodetic Sur- vey; Count Shimpei Goto, Japanese statesman; J. W. Bailey, former Senator from Texas: Fiora Annie Steel, English novelist; Loid Revelstoke, - British banker; Prince Henry of Prussia, brother of the ex-kaiser; E. F. Carry, president of the Pullman Co, May: Edward Payson Weston, fa- mous pedestrian: Earl of Roseberry, English statesman: Garrett P. Serviss, writer on science; Wallace Treat, Amer- ican diplomat; Maj. Harry A. Smith, gt 8. A.; W. B. Thomas, Boston capital- In June: Admiral Sir Cecil Burney of British navy; Bliss Carmen, poet; Comnt Julius Andrassy. Hungerian an; Charles F. Brush, inventor of the arc light; Gen. Bramwell Booth, fcrmer head of the Salvation Army; Dion Boucicault, actor; Duarte Fellx, Brazil- ian journalist. In July: Dustin Farnum, stage and screen actor; Maj. Gen. Eli K. Cole, Marine Corps; Rear Admiral E. W. Eberle, U. S. N.; Mrs. Katherine Ting- ley, theosophist leader; Robert Henri, American artist; Mrs. Lilllan Bell, au- thor: Henry B. Fuller, novelist; Judge N. J. Sinnott of United States Court of Claims. In August: Archbishop J. J. Keane of Dubuque; Emile Berlinsr, phono- graph inventor; H. C. Witwer, author; Chancey Keep, Chicego capitalist; Cyril Keightley, English actor; Sir Edwin Ray Lankester, British savant: Rear Admiral A. P. Niblack, U. 8. N.; Dr. J. W. Jenks, president of Alexander Hamilton Insti- tute. Death Claims Chicago Mayor. In September: W. E. Dever, former mayor of Chicago: Owen T. Edgar, last of the Mexican War veterans; Repre- sentative O. J. Kvale of Minnesota; Jesse Lynch Willlams, author; Cardinal Du- bois, archbishop of Paris; Miller Hug- gins, manager of New York Yankees; U. 8. Grant, son of the late President Grant; Baron Tanaka, Japanese states- man. In October: E. A. Bourdelle, French sculptor: Dr. Gustav Stresemann, Ger- man foreign minister; Bishop J. G. Murray, head of Protestant Episcopal Church; Jeanne Eagels, actress; W. J. Connors, Buffalo capitalist; Bishop Edmund M. Dunee of Peoria; Mrs. Lemira Goodhue, mother of Mrs. Calvin Coolidge; Rev. E. S. Shumaker, Indiana Anti-Saloon League chief; Rev. John Roach Stratton of New York, noted fundamentalist; Sir Graham Balfour, y British author. Max of Baden, last imperial chancellor of Germany; T. P. O'Connor, “father” of the House of Commons; John Cort. theatrical ~producer;: Read Admiral Henry W. Lyon; Daniel ¥. Appel, presi- dent New England Life Insurance C Raymond Hitchcock, actor: Fath Tondorf of Georgetown University, earthquake expert. In December: Prof. E. M. Shaw of University of Towa; Robert Reld, Amer- ican mural artist; Representative W. W. Greist of Pennsylvania; Dr. M. W. Stryker, former president of Hamilton College; Col. Charles Goodnight, notas Texas ploneer; Brig. Gen. D. §. Ault man, U. 8. A, (Copyright, 1929, by MeCl: Rewioaber Syndicate) ™" 1930 FINDS BANKING IN SOUND CONDITION Head of American Bankers’ As- sociation Optimistic in Regard to Finance. “The dawn of 1930 finds American banking in strong, sound condition and fully prepared to finance the activitt of industry and trade,” John G. Lons- dale, président of the American Bank- ers’ Association, says. “Our banks and the Federal Reserve System not only met the recent unprecedented credit crisis, but came out of it in a stronger P Trade and Indusi opea G ang ustry, likewise, appear to be on a generally sound basis, with indications that they will continue to give a good account of themselves in the new year. We should, however, realize | ROLOGY | Some of the greatest actors in the d"mbyw: e:':ldthe v(':grm wa;r:nre taken eath during the year. France lost Marshal Ferdinand Foch, supreme we cannot go on forever up new Ve shoua be records, and it is time satisfied with just good business. “The Hoover conferences have had a beneficial effsct on business, and public confidence has been I through them.» argdly restored