Evening Star Newspaper, November 8, 1929, Page 41

Emaseanon-¥ DOGS BEAR BURDEN HOoXYEL CAFETERIA « Mezzanine Floor Tempting dishes at moderate pri « BREAKFAST — LUNCHEON DINNER - DO NOT FOOL WITH A HEAD COLD TAKE NO CHANCES Use NOZOL Now Follow this Advice: Break Up a Cold Before I't Gets Started. Avoid Dosing. ROP Nozol into the nose where it soothes irritation, fights cold germs, clears the clogged nasal passages, permits free breathing, and helps guard you against more dangerous colds. Thousands of doctors prescribe the Nozol Pormula in fighting head colds—sold under absolute money bac ON ANTARCTIG PATH English Methods of Hauling Sledges by Men or Horses Is Proven Poor. BY RUSSELL OWEN. By Radio to The Star and the New York 5. LITTLE AMERICA, Antarctica, No- vember 8.—No more e! travel over the ice and snow of the Polar regions has been found than by the use of dog teams, especially where extended journeys in moderate weather are undertaken and depots must be es- tablished. Remarkable journeys have been made with dogs, including Peary's journey to the North Pole, Amundsen's to the South Pole and the long trip by Rasmussen across Arctic America. It is generally conceded now that the English methods of man-hauling or using ponies on long journeys were wrong, and that much of the suffering and tragedy of these heroic episodes might have been avolded if dogs had been used. As a matter of fact, Sir Douglas Mawson, who this year will explore the coast of Antarctica in the Australian quadrant, used dogs on his former ex- pedition, and Sir Ermest Shackleton also came to the conclusion after al- most reaching the South Pole on a hard journey, during which he lost all his pon! that dogs were the best means of transport, and he took them on his second expedition. ‘When properly conditioned, dogs will deal of exposul Ithough Q\ b\ N\ fent methiod of | A ‘THE EVENING at very low temperatures they become exhausted, as will any other creature, and wear out quickly. The dogs at Little America have slept outdoors in temperatures as low as 50 below zero, and by this time seem to have develop- ed marked resistance to cold. Their coats have increased in thick- ness, and even the pads of their feet have become covered more thickly with hair. During the Summer journeys, of course, severe temperatures will seldom if ever be encountered. And as for the work, the dogs, when in good condition, seem to enjoy it. v ‘There are several ways of harnessing dogs, but the method used here is the Alaskan gang hitch. They are harnessed in pairs on either side of a long line, called the gang line, which is attached to the sledge. One dog travels at the end of the gang line as leader, and it is to him that the drivers yell com- mands to “Gee,” meaning to turn to v.n& right, and “Haw,” to turn to the eft. Pull in Pairs on Gang Line. Behind the leader, the other dogs are fastened two by two on either side of the gang line. Their shoulders fit into a collar from which a lead line | runs to the gang line in front to keep them from pulling too far out to the | side. From either side of the collar traces supported by straps across the back run to a wooden spreader over which the ends of the traces extend, and fasten to a trace line attached behind the dog to the gang line. The other dogs are similarly fastened, so that when on the trail they run side by side in pairs, the gang line snapping between them. They pull out from it slightly as they throw all their weight on the traces. They can in this way haul astonish- ingly heavy loads; and seven or eight dogs frequently hauled more than a ton last year while freighting from the ship to the base. That, of course, is too much for the trail, and when the geological par each team will pull more than 1 v starts out nine dogs in 0 | that STAR, WASHINGTON, unds, divided between two sledges astened one behind the other. Weight of Load Itemized. The total load carried on the 10 sledges of the geological party, pulled by five dog teams and the meR them- selves, is about 5368 pounds. Every jtem of equipment has been weighed, and everything not essential to health, safety and the carrying out of the scien- tific work of the party has been elim- inated from the loads. Following are the weights of the va- rious things carried on the sledges: Personal equipment, 355 pounds 2 ounc man food, 1,221 pounds 10 ounc amp gear and fuel, 331 pounds 5 ounces; dog food, 2,674 pounds; dog gear, 58 pounds; extra sledge equipment, 12 pounds 4 ounces; navigation, survey- ing and meteorological equipment, 91 pounds; skis, 27 pounds 12 ounces; trail mlrxrs‘ 173 pounds 8 ounces; motion pictire equipment, 65 pounds 2 ounces; still-camera_ equipment, 18 pounds 5 ounces; radio gear, 300 pounds; safety devices, 40 pounds 9 ounces; tools, 20 pounds 5 ounces; total, 5,368 pounds 14 ounces, The loads will become lighter as the party progresses. Pemmican Food for the Animals. ‘The dogs will be fed on the trail on pemmican compounded according to a formula_developed by Dr. John E. S. Malcolm, professor of dietetics at Otago University at Duned: The pemmican is remade there in the plant of Hudson Brothers by volunteer workmen of the plant, who labored all night after their regular work and also on the Sunday before departure so as to have the dog food ready in time. Each of the rigid leading sledges will carry two canvas tanks, as they are called, two boxes made of canvas, in which will be packed securely the dog and man food. The dog food is in cakes and the man food in packages, so that the forward tanks will be trim rectangular boxes. The tanks are se- cured on the bottom to the sledge, so reduced to a minimum w Zealand. | D. C., FRIDAY, Sleeping bags are lashed on top. The rear sledges will carry a single canvas tank, in which other supplies and equip- ment are carried. Dress “Light” on Polar Journey. The great enemy of men on the trail is not so much cold as dampness | caused by exertion, dampness which | collects in tents and sleeping bags at {mgm. Damp clothing and _sleeping bags mean cold and bodily misery, if not actual danger. The best way to avold such a con- dition is to wear as few clothes as possible on the trail and to change anything which is wet as soon as camp is made. All the clothing used on the trail has been selected to meet these conditions. Sleeping Bag Must Be Dry. as it is dry, but the moment it becomes wet it is a snare and delusion. It is no easy matter to keep it dry, although it can be done, Moisture must be kept from getting into the bag from clothing, and this can best be done by removing the outer clothing so that no snow is taken into the bag. One must not breathe into the bag, as moisture will collect this way in a short time. So the bags are made in such a way that the head may be put outside and the windproof covering drawn about the neck, or if the head is inside an opening is left for the breath and a shield of some sort of clbth keeps moisture from penetrating into the in- terior. Sun Is Quickly Effective. | The sun will even dry things hung outside the tent at night, for it must be remembered that, except for a brief time at the beginning of the journey, the sun will be shining 24 hours a day in clear weather, And its rays are quite suffi- cient even in°cold weather to cause rapid evaporation. Too often the rations carried by polar explorers have been deficient in | quantity or in nutritive value, for posure and hard work in low tempe The fur sleeping bag is warm as long | NOVEMBER 8, 1929. atures quickly reduce men's stamina, and if their food runs low they wear out quickly. If a tragedy does not re- sult, it is only after the greatest suffer- gll that they manage to regain their ase. The food for use on the trail by members of the Byrd expedition has been selected after a careful study of the rations used for former expeditions and a careful inquiry as to the value of various kinds of concentrated foods. The meals on the trail are cooked in a stove which is a modification of Dr. Nansen's famous cooker and which was made by Master Technical Sergt. Victor Czegka. It is called the Nansen- Czegka cooker and will cook a meal for six men easily. It is built around a two-burner primus stove which burns gasoline. ‘This cooker has proved very success- ful when tested in a temperature of 30 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. Making and breaking camp quickly are always difficult on the trail. Amundsen found that it took him more than two hours to get going in the morning, before practice en- abled him to cut down the time. It requires teamwork and skill, and speed is only acquired after it has been done again and again, (Copyright, 1920.) 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